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Sharing Knowledge Between Open Cities How can we start today?

Mathias Van Compernolle & Nils WalravensOpen Belgium 2017

“Will the real Smart City please stand up?”

Hollands, 2008

What makes a city smart?

The wrong way

• Use case-driven• Vendor lock-in• Fragmentation• Either top-down or bottom-up• Technocratic

The right way

• Problem-driven• Open data, processes, systems• Shared standards and services• The city as a platform• Democratic

Power of Data

Open Platforms

Systemic Innovation

The Parametric Smart City

Ballon, 2016

Power of Data

Open Platforms

Systemic Innovation

Privacy by default

Privacy by design

Scripted Serendipity

Increase knowledge

RDI-role for cities

Open technological

black box

PPPP

Increase visibility

Leadership and horizontal structures

The Parametric Smart City

Ballon, 2016

Power of Data

Open Platforms

Systemic Innovation

Privacy by default

Privacy by design

Scripted Serendipity

Increase knowledge

RDI-rolefor cities

Open technological

black box

PPPP

Increase visibility

Leadership and horizontal structures

The city as permanent Living Lab

Regulate the smart city architecture

Put forward ambitious and

measurable goals

Develop smart city regions

CTO with step-by-step

approach

The Parametric Smart City

Ballon, 2016

QUADRUPLE HELIXThe Quadruple Helix as a guide for innovation, knowledge creation, democratisation of knowledge and system development

COMPANIES KNOWLEDGEINSTITUTIONS

CITIZENS GOVERNMENT

QUADRUPLE HELIX

COMPANIESKNOWLEDGEINSTITUTIONS

CITIZENS GOVERNMENT

The Quadruple Helix as a guide for innovation, knowledge creation, democratisation of knowledge and system development

QUADRUPLE HELIX

COMPANIES KNOWLEDGEINSTITUTIONS

CITIZENS GOVERNMENT

The Quadruple Helix as a guide for innovation, knowledge creation, democratisation of knowledge and system development

QUADRUPLE HELIX

COMPANIES

KNOWLEDGEINSTITUTIONS

CITIZENSGOVERNMENT

The Quadruple Helix as a guide for innovation, knowledge creation, democratisation of knowledge and system development

FIRMS

• Firms create, develop and commercialise technologies• Looking for a a commercial advantage against competitors. • We can do-anything principle• “Thé Government” as financial instigator for innovation

COMPANIES KNOWLEDGEINSTITUTIONS

CITIZENS GOVERNMENT

ACADEMIA

• STEM disciplines as core partners in high risk technology development• Social scientists confronted with the computational turn

COMPANIES KNOWLEDGEINSTITUTIONS

CITIZENS GOVERNMENT

GOVERNMENT

• ICTs within the internal organisation shabbily treated• ICT and informatics not a sexy political theme (‘innovation on the other hand is)• ICT-capacity, knowledge and skills: withdrawn from the organisation via outsourcing

FOCUS ON ICTCOMPANIES KNOWLEDGE

INSTITUTIONS

CITIZENS GOVERNMENT

GOVERNMENT

• Vendor lock-in• Kind of oligopoly that is slowing the innovation capacity of local governments

FOCUS ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND ICT COMPANIESCOMPANIES KNOWLEDGE

INSTITUTIONS

CITIZENS GOVERNMENT

Source: Agency of Domestic Governance (2015)

GOVERNMENT

• ICTs within the internal organisation shabbily treated• ICT and informatics not a sexy political theme (‘innovation on the other hand is)• ICT-capacity, knowledge and skills: withdrawn from the organisation via outsourcing • Kind of oligopoly that is slowing the innovation capacity of local governments • Governmental structures are making it difficult to define a common approach • Challenge today: data exchange within one administration and between several

administrations

FOCUS ON ICTCOMPANIES KNOWLEDGE

INSTITUTIONS

CITIZENS GOVERNMENT

GOVERNMENT

• ICTs within the internal organisation shabbily treated• ICT and informatics not a sexy political theme (‘innovation on the other hand is)• ICT-capacity, knowledge and skills: withdrawn from the organisation via outsourcing • Kind of oligopoly that is slowing the innovation capacity of local governments • Governmental structures are making it difficult to define a common approach • Challenge today: data exchange within one administration and between several

administrations• Challenge tomorrow within a smart city context: how to manage the data flows

generated by machines outside the organisation?• Smart City = lack of vision + city marketing

FOCUS ON ICTCOMPANIES KNOWLEDGE

INSTITUTIONS

CITIZENS GOVERNMENT

GOVERNMENT

• ICTs within the internal organisation shabbily treated• ICT and informatics not a sexy political theme (‘innovation on the other hand is)• ICT-capacity, knowledge and skills: withdrawn from the organisation via outsourcing • Kind of oligopoly that is slowing the innovation capacity of local governments • Governmental structures are making it difficult to define a common approach • Challenge today: data exchange within one administration and between several

administrations• Challenge tomorrow within a smart city context: how to manage the data flows

generated by machines outside the organisation?• Smart City = lack of vision + city marketing

FOCUS ON ICTCOMPANIES KNOWLEDGE

INSTITUTIONS

CITIZENS GOVERNMENT

GOVERNMENT

• ICTs within the internal organisation shabbily treated• ICT and informatics not a sexy political theme (‘innovation on the other hand is)• ICT-capacity, knowledge and skills: withdrawn from the organisation via outsourcing • Kind of oligopoly that is slowing the innovation capacity of local governments • Governmental structures are making it difficult to define a common approach • Challenge today: data exchange within one administration and between several

administrations• Challenge tomorrow within a smart city context: how to manage the data flows

generated by machines outside the organisation?• Smart City = lack of vision + city marketing

FOCUS ON ICTCOMPANIES KNOWLEDGE

INSTITUTIONS

CITIZENS GOVERNMENT

GOVERNMENT

A (new?) debate on the core tasks and position of a government arises:• What will we do ourselves (again)?• How can governments keep up with the technology transition and assure they have the

right competences: new profiles: ‘socio’-informaticus

FOCUS ON ICTCOMPANIES KNOWLEDGE

INSTITUTIONS

CITIZENS GOVERNMENT

A new debate on the core tasks and position of a government arises:• What will we do ourselves (again)?• How can governments keep up with the technology transition and assure they have the

right competences: new profiles: ‘socio’-informaticus• What do we want as a society in a smart city context?

COMPANIES KNOWLEDGEINSTITUTIONS

CITIZENS GOVERNMENT

A government that adopts the technology

An all-knowing and controlling government

CITIZEN

• Who is the citizen? Changes within themes and domains:• Patient, client, customer, (end-)user, tourist, inhabitant, mobilist, producer, prosumer,...

• Citizen participation: is this the right concept in smart cities?• High pressure on giving back autonomy to (groups) of citizens• Traditional participation channels (eg. municipal advisory boards are on their way back)

• Degree of participation in the smart city?

COMPANIES KNOWLEDGEINSTITUTIONS

CITIZENS GOVERNMENT

CITIZEN

Activity Role of the citizen

Self control Initiator/Responsible/Manager/Decider

Coproduction Partner

Codecision Partial decision maker

Advising Bringing in ideas, advising

Consulting Consulted/Interviewee

Informing Customer/hearer

COMPANIES KNOWLEDGEINSTITUTIONS

CITIZENS GOVERNMENT

CITIZEN

• Citizen participation: is this the right concept in smart cities?• High pressure on giving back autonomy to (groups) of citizens• Traditional participation channels (eg. municipal advisory boards are on their way back)

• Degree of participation in the smart city?• New ways: more temporary engagements and within networked relations• Passive participation via technology and monitoring (Waze, GPS, logged and filmed

citizens,...)

COMPANIES KNOWLEDGEINSTITUTIONS

CITIZENS GOVERNMENT

Citizen and privacy

Privacy = protectionPrivacy Institutes and upcoming regulations: PSI & GDPR (vague)

Citizen and privacy

Privacy = protectionPrivacy Institutes and upcoming regulations: PSI & GDPR (vague)Privacy by design: a combination of technological and legal ‘adjustments’ to ensure that the

power balance in the exchange process that goes along with privacy, is back in favor of the subject/end-user/logged-one/citizen/… (Ballon, 2016)

Citizen and privacyPrivacy = protectionPrivacy Institutes and upcoming regulations: PSI & GDPR (vague)Privacy by design: a combination of technological and legal ‘adjustments’ to ensure that the

power balance in the exchange process that goes along with privacy, is back in favor of the subject/end-user/logged-one/citizen/… (Ballon, 2016)

• Data aggregation, new alternatives for the National Register Number (BE), crossroad databases, citizens and data safes and….

• Open by default• Encryption• Rebuilding the Internet?

Where to start?

CONTEXT SMART FLANDERS

Context of the Smart Flanders programme

Diverse initiatives of the Flemish Government, publication ‘Smart Cities’ book by Pieter Ballon, international trends and research point to the importance of collaboration

Quadruple helix approaches

Complexity and different speeds

Combat fragmentation, level playing field, link to international initiatives from own strengths

Smart Region approach: Smart Flanders

PRINCIPLES

Core principles of Smart Flanders

Support programme, communications channel, knowledge and interaction platform

Focus on real-time open data and shared reference architectures

Cooperation between cities and actors from the quadruple helix

Implementation-driven

Internationally networked

Lighthouse model for smaller cities (13 centre cities and VGC Brussels)

PROJECT STRUCTURE

Threefold project structure

1. Open and Agile Smart Flanders: Maturity Check

2. Smart Flanders Data Pilots: Reality Check

3. Smart Flanders Testbed: Conformity Check

1. Open & Agile Smart Flanders: Maturity Check

Support in identifying potential datasets and developing a roadmap towards publishing

Support in running an individual maturity check as a guide in building an open data strategy

Support in joining the Open & Agile Smart Cities network (oascities.org)

Starting a permanent OASC-Flanders branch

Writing a joint and widely supported Open Data Charter

2. Smart Flanders Data Pilots: Reality Check

Implementation-driven approach means that:- Every city opens at least one real-time dataset every year- Every year 1 or 2 joint data pilots are started as use cases, together with partners

from the quadruple helix

Starting from themes and challenges present in the participating cities - not from the data

Identification, roadmapping and matchmaking with support of Smart Flanders

3. Smart Flanders Testbed: Conformity Check

In a later stage of the project, the City of Things-infrastructure (CoT) in Antwerp can be used as testbed for new, joint solutions (hardware & software)

The Smart Flanders testbed will be an interoperability lab that allows testing of openness, conformity and performance of innovative infrastructure and services in a real-life setting

Smart Flanders will support shaping the CoT tests (ideation, roadmapping, collaboration model), while the execution of the large-scale test in negotiated between cities and CoT

RESULTS

Targeted results year 1

Launch pilot programme (M08): aimed at quadruple helix

Open Data Charter (M12): publication integrated and supported text

Maturity Check tool (M12): First iteration (validated by M18)

TEAM

Prof. Dr. Pieter Ballon

Strategic Coordinatorpieter.ballon@imec.beDirector imec – SMIT – VUB

PhD Communication Sciences Author “Smart Cities: Hoe Technologie Onze Steden Leefbaar Houdt en Slimmer Maakt” - Lannoo, 2016

Strategic coordination

Dr. Nils Walravens

Operational Coordinatornils.walravens@imec.beSenior Researcher imec – SMIT – VUB

PhD Communication Sciences on public value, mobile apps en Smart City strategies

Operational coordination and content development

Pieter Colpaert

Chief Technologypieter.colpaert@imec.beResearcher imec – IDLab – UGent

Finalising PhD: open data publishing for maximal reuse

Contact technical questions and vision on data publishing

Mathias Van Compernolle

Policy & Methodology Leadmathias.vancompernolle@imec.beResearcher imec – MICT – UGent

Initiated PhD gestart on governmental innovation, with focus on data government

Development Maturity Check and collaboration techniques, policy expertise open data & e-government

Dr. Davor Meersman

Pilot & Re-use Leaddavor.meersman@imec.beBusiness Developer imec – SMIT – VUB

Contact OASC-Flanders and international, support and matchmaking pilots

Jan Waeben

Monitoring Leadjan.waeben@imec.bePhD Researcher imec – SMIT – VUB

Initiated PhD on international Smart City monitors and benchmarking

Contact and support of monitoring activities

CALL TO ACTION

What can Smart Flanders mean for the Open Belgium community?

Looking for an open dialogue with all relevant actors

We welcome other levels of government and administrations to share expertise and insight

Open to ideas that can support the programme and our cities further

Data pilots can make the collaboration with actors from the quadruple helix very concrete

What would you expect from Smart Flanders?

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