shea chapter 12

12

Interest Groups and Civic and Political Engagement

Video: The Big Picture 12

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Video: The Basics 12

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Activism and Protest in the United States

Belief in Collective Action

Belief in Self-Government

12.1


Alexis de Tocqueville Traveled and observed American culture Wrote Democracy in America

12.1

Alexis de Tocqueville 12.1

Video: In Context

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12.1


Group Action Right to associate and be active in public affairs Activism at the root of our “do something” political culture Groups emerge to challenge the status quo

12.1

Belief in Self-Government

John Locke Natural rights Social contract

Declaration of Independence

Egalitarianism

12.1

12.1 This philosopher advanced the idea of natural, or inalienable, rights:

12.1

a. Thomas Jefferson

b. John Locke

c. Alexis de Tocqueville

d. None of the above

Influencing Government Through Mobilization and Participation

Constitutional Guarantees

Organized Interests

12.2

Constitutional Guarantees

Bill of Rights First Amendment

Totalitarian regimes Tiananmen Square

12.2

12.2Tiananmen Square protest

Organized Interests

Race riots Frustrated African Americans protesting economic and

political inequalities

Accountability Pressure from groups forces government officials to

pay attention to important issues Helps ensure healthy democratic communities

12.2

12.2 Which is an important effect of group mobilization?

12.2

a. Greater accountability for government leaders

b. A greater likelihood of healthy, democratic communities

c. A structured outlet to declare and vent frustrations

d. All of the above

Functions and Types of Interest Groups

Characteristics of Interest Groups

Functions of Interest Groups

Types of Interest Groups

The Interest Group Explosion

12.3

Characteristics of Interest Groups

Single-issue interest groups Focus primarily or exclusively on one issue, such as the

environment, peace, or abortion

Multi-issue interest groups Pursue a broader range of issues grouped around a

central theme

12.3

Video: Thinking Like a Political Scientist

12.3


Functions of Interest Groups

Represent constituents Join individual voices

Provide a means of political participation Volunteering, contributing money

Educate the public Sponsoring research, testifying

Build agendas

Serve as government watchdogs

12.3

FIGURE 12.1: Five functions of interest groups

12.3

Types of Interest Groups

Economic groups Trade associations, professional associations

Public interest groups Common Cause, NAACP

Think tanks Heritage Foundation, American Enterprise Institute

Governmental units National Governors Association

12.3

TABLE 12.1: Types of interest groups 12.3

NRA 12.3

The Interest Group Explosion

Numbers increased From 5,843 in 1959 to 22,200 currently Americans have more opportunities to influence government

Cleavages Deep social divisions

Disturbance theory Groups form when they perceive their interests are

threatened

12.3

Flash mob 12.3

12.3 Which interest groups include trade associations and labor unions?

12.3

a. Economic groups

b. Public interest groups

c. Think tanks

d. Governmental units

Video: In the Real World 12.3


Interest Group Mobilization

Organizational Barriers

Overcoming Organizational Barriers

The Role of Interest Group Leaders

12.4

Organizational Barriers

Tendency to allow others to do the work Free-rider problem Public goods or collective goods

Cost

Absence of sense of political efficacy

12.4

Overcoming Organizational Barriers

Selective benefits Material benefits Solidary benefits Purposive benefits

Required membership

12.4

The Role of Interest Group Leaders

César Chávez and the UFW Grew up as a poor farm worker Founded the National Farm Workers Association Later merged with other organizations to form the United

Farm Workers of America

12.4

César Chávez 12.4

12.4 Interest groups may use these benefits, which allow people to feel like they are part of a worthwhile cause, in order to attract members:

12.4

a. Selective benefits

b. Material benefits

c. Solidary benefits

d. Purposive benefits

Inside and Outside Lobbying

Inside Lobbying

Outside Lobbying

12.5

Inside Lobbying

Gaining access

Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995

Testifying at congressional committee hearings

12.5

TABLE 12.2: Spending on inside lobbying

12.5

Explore the Simulation: You Are a Lobbyist

12.5

http://media.pearsoncmg.com/long/long_longman_media_1/2013_mpsl_sim/simulation.html?simulaURL=16

Outside Lobbying

Grassroots mobilization

Grassroots lobbying tactics Direct mail Advertorials

Newer tools of indirect lobbying Media manipulation Social networking

12.5

FIGURE 12.2: Americans’ opinions about interest groups

12.5

Million Mom March 12.5

nikita

The first photo is from third pass page proofs and the second photo is from the fourth pass page proofs. Please select which one should be retained. Thanks.

Outside Lobbying

Campaign activities Fundraising and candidate endorsements

12.5

FIGURE 12.3: Money spent by PACs in the 2010 midterm cycle

12.5

12.5 Attempting to manipulate the media and using social networking to influence the public are examples of:

12.5

a. Outside lobbying

b. Inside lobbying

c. Indirect lobbying

d. A and C

e. B and C

Explore Political Engagement: Can Interest Groups Buy Public Policy?

12.5

http://media.pearsoncmg.com/long/long_shea_mpslld_4/pex/pex8.html

The Influence of Interest Groups

Interest Group Money

Bias in Representation: Who Participates?

Final Verdict?

12.6

Interest Group Money

Needed to recruit members, hire staff, pay overhead, and raise more funds

Groups with large resources have advantage

12.6

Bias in Representation: Who Participates?

Activists tend to be more politically sophisticated, knowledgeable, and more involved in their communities

Educational attainment, family income, and social class largest predictors of interest group participation

12.6

Final Verdict

Do interest groups decrease or increase the influence of individuals?

Rise in interest group activities correlates with increase in distrust in government

12.6

12.6 What has accompanied the explosion in interest group formation and activity in recent years?

12.6

a. Distrust in government and voter cynicism

b. Increase in money spent on lobbying

c. The Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995

d. All of the above

Video: So What? 12

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shea chapter 12

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