shea chapter 8
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8Bureaucracy
Video: The Big Picture
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8
Video: The Basics
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8
The Federal Bureaucracy
The Federal Bureaucracy
Organization of the Federal Bureaucracy
Changes since the 1960s
8.1
8.1Air Quality Standards
The Federal Bureaucracy
Development of the Federal Bureaucracy The First Departments The New Deal and its Aftermath A Response to Poverty
Growth in the Federal Bureaucracy
8.1
FIGURE 8.1: Growth in the size of the federal bureaucracy
8.1
8.1Works Progress Administration
Organization of Federal Bureaucracy
Departments Large organizations; broad policy realm
Independent Agencies Specific policy issues
Independent Regulatory Commissions
Government Corporations
8.1
TABLE 8.1: Cabinet Departments and Examples of other Agencies
8.1
Changes since the 1960s
Department of Energy Followed energy crisis of 1973
Department of Veterans Affairs Aging WWII veterans needed care
Department of Homeland Security Response to September 11, 2001 attacks
8.1
Lyndon B. Johnson 8.1
8.1 Which organization has a narrow focus on a specific policy issue?
a. Departments
b. Independent Agencies
c. Independent Regulatory Commissions
d. Government Corporations
8.1
8.1 Which organization has a narrow focus on a specific policy issue?
a. Departments
b. Independent Agencies
c. Independent Regulatory Commissions
d. Government Corporations
8.1
Departments and Independent Agencies
Departments
Political Appointees in the Bureaucracy
Independent Agencies, Independent Regulatory Commissions, and Government Corporations
8.2
Video: Thinking Like a Political Scientist
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8.2
Departments
The President’s Cabinet Members are generally Department Heads
Policy divisions Smaller agencies housed within departments
Size and Scope Variation among Departments
8.2
National Park Ranger 8.2
TABLE 8.2: Departments in the executive branch of the federal government with selected subunits and total number of employees, 2012
8.2
FIGURE 8.2: Organization of the Department of Homeland Security
8.2
Political Appointees in the Bureaucracy
Policy Expertise Varies among political appointees
Political Loyalty Rewards for service to the president
Confirmation process Cabinet heads need Senate approval
8.2
Video: In Context
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8.2
Independent Agencies Narrower scope and mission than departments
Independent Regulatory Commissions More autonomy
Government Corporations Independent boards; run like a business
8.2Organizational Entities in the Federal Bureaucracy
TABLE 8.3: Examples of Independent Agencies, Independent Regulatory Commissions, and Government Corporations, by Type.
8.2
8.2 Which best describes the policy realm of Departments?
a. Provide a specific service in a manner
similar to a private business
b. Regulatory authority over a specific issue
c. Broad expanse of policy area
d. Narrower field of policy area
8.2
8.2 Which best describes the policy realm of Departments?
a. Provide a specific service in a manner
similar to a private business
b. Regulatory authority over a specific issue
c. Broad expanse of policy area
d. Narrower field of policy area
8.2
Explore the Simulation: You Are Head of FEMA
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8.2
The Nature of Bureaucracy
The Image of Bureaucracy
The Advantages of Government Bureaucracy
The Problems of Government Bureaucracy
The Reform of Bureaucracy
8.3
Waiting for government services 8.3
The Image of Bureaucracy
Bureaucratic “Entitlements” Patronage System (Spoils System) Civil Service System “Red tape”
Negative Perception
8.3
The Advantages of Government Bureaucracy
Standardization and Expertise Services handled in a consistent fashion
Accountability and Coordination Services run more smoothly when there are budget
limits and clearly defined roles
Elimination of Spoils System Civil Service System ensures fairness and employee
protections
8.3
TABLE 8.4: The Hatch Act of 1939 8.3
The Problems of Government Bureaucracy
Increases in size and scope Citizens further removed from decision makers
Generous employee protections Difficult to remove incompetent workers
Initiative implementation Slow reaction times
8.3
TSA officers 8.3
Reform of the Bureaucracy
Decentralization Greater independence given to regional offices
Privatization Private businesses contracted to perform government
services
Senior Executive Service (SES) Outstanding leaders train others in the bureaucracy
8.3
8.3 Supporters of this method of reform say smaller agencies can be more responsive.
a. Privatization
b. Patronage
c. Civil Service System
d. Decentralization
8.3
8.3 Supporters of this method of reform say smaller agencies can be more responsive.
a. Privatization
b. Patronage
c. Civil Service System
d. Decentralization
8.3
Video: In the Real World
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8.3
Explore the Bureaucracy: What Puts the "Big" in Big Government?
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8.3
The Lobbying Pathway and Policymaking
The Bureaucracy and Legislation
The Bureaucracy and Information
Regulations and Quasi-Judicial Processes
Oversight and Accountability
8.4
The Bureaucracy and Legislation
Iron Triangle
“Revolving Door”
Issue Networks Also called Policy Communities
8.4
Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood with President Obama
8.4
The Bureaucracy and Information
Information delivered Intended for Congress to use to craft and approve
legislation
Information withheld Appointees withhold information in order to further
president’s agenda
Whistleblowers Protection for those who speak out
8.4
Regulations and Quasi-Judicial Processes
Regulations Agency-created laws
Rule-making Describes how the regulations will be enforced
Hearings Examine evidence
8.4
TABLE 8.5: Applying for Social Security Disability Benefits
8.4
Oversight and Accountability
Presidential Oversight Supervisory authority of political appointees
Legislative Oversight Gather information Signal displeasure Budgetary controls
8.4
EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson 8.4
8.4 Which policy-making structure evolved following the decline of the Iron Triangle?
a. Quasi-Judicial Processes
b. Revolving Door
c. Issue Network
d. Regulations
8.4
8.4 Which policy-making structure evolved following the decline of the Iron Triangle?
a. Quasi-Judicial Processes
b. Revolving Door
c. Issue Network
d. Regulations
8.4
Video: So What?
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8.4