sheryl bagshaw, mba, ssw, cvw certified dementia practitioner cognitive interventionist
TRANSCRIPT
Caring for those with Dementia
Sheryl Bagshaw, MBA, SSW, CVWCertified Dementia Practitioner
Cognitive Interventionist
How do I deal with his/her behavior? How do I get through to him/her? What is the trick to understanding dementia?
Dementia questions most often asked:
How do I communicate with someone with dementia?
How do I deal with behaviors?
In other words:
Let’s start by talking about
BEHAVIORS
Managing negative behavior using a learning behavior model that includes triggers, behaviors, and consequences (reinforcement or punishment)
Relies on manipulating triggers, setting boundaries, and providing reinforcements
May affect identity and self-esteem Assumes specific cognitive abilities such as
awareness, judgment and reasoning
Behavior Management and why it does NOT work:
Is the demented person aware of his/her behaviors?
Can the person with dementia manipulate his/her own behaviors?
How disruptive is the behavior? Is it ok to allow the individual to be
demented? And, most importantly…
Questions to ask ourselves:
Whose Behavior Needs to be Managed?
OURS!!!
Not listening Impatience – the more you hurry, the more
time it’s going to take Arguing – Join their journey Not explaining Expecting them to act/behave a certain way
(Allow them to be demented) (They are not in our world – we are in THEIRS)
Trying to get them to do something that is not their idea
Primary External Cause of Agitation: Caregiver Approach
So what approaches to behaviors DO work?
Need-Driven Behavior ApproachAnd Validation
Normal needs + abnormal conditions = disruptive behavior
Uses the environment and individual strengths/preferences to meet and prevent unmet needs
Assumes that behaviors are not abnormal, deliberate, or good/bad
Behaviors do not need to be resolved, needs do and then behaviors will cease
BASICALLY…
Need-Driven Behavior Approach
ALL Behavior = Communication
NEEDS!
Look for the NEED and you will know how to respond to the behavior!
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: A
ct.
Esteem
Love/Belonging
Safety/Security
Physical
Medical Needs:
Physical
Care Needs:• PAIN• Constipation• Infection• Oxygen• Blood Sugars• Sleep Disturbances• Med Interactions
• Hot/Cold• Hungry/ Thirsty• Continence• Tired• Over/Under- Stimulation • Movement
Safety/Security Needs:
Safety/Security
• Looking for a family member• Thinking they are being poisoned• Thinking people are stealing• Want to go home • Hiding things• Feeling unsafe/paranoid• Unsure of others• Locking/barring doors• Elopement risk
Love/Belonging Needs:
Love/Belonging
• Space invaders• Use a lot of physical touch• Sexually inappropriate• In the middle of everything
Esteem
Esteem Needs:• Looking for something to do• Ask if they can help• Pick up familiar items• In the middle of everything• Negative self-statements
Self Actualization Needs:Act.
• Looking for something to do• Ask if they can help• Pick up familiar items• In the middle of everything• Negative self-statements
Bridging the Behavior/Communication Gap:
ValidationEmpathy
Reminiscence
Validation:- Is a method for communicating with those with dementia- Uses listening skills, empathy, reminiscing- Helps individuals with dementia to feel heard and validated- Gives demented individuals a sense of esteem/worth- Shows that another’s feelings/ communications are acknowledged and respected- Sees behavior as a form of communication
of needs
Validation Method:- Ask questions – who, what, when, where (stay away from why)- Reflective listening – repeat back what they say in the form of a statement or a question- Ask the extremes – “what’s the worst thing about ______”- Ask the opposite – “what if (the opposite) were true”- Use ambiguity – s/he, they, it- Empathize – “that must be _____” (name that emotion)- Reminisce – “has there ever been a time when ____”- Match/mirror emotions/actions (non-verbal)- Use eye contact/touch
The best way to explain VALIDATION is by using examples of some of our communication failures with demented individuals and showing how we can use validation to improve them.
1. Arguing with them
Example: Day of the week
Validation: Don’t Argue!“WE are in THEIR world” – it only frustrates them when we try to bring them back to ours. Method: Ask questions
2. We approach them wrong and/or don’t communicate
Example: Moving a resident
Validation: Approach is everything.“Be on their level.” Method: Eye contact, Empathy
3. Reassure them/don’t let them express emotions (sympathy vs. empathy)Example: Patient wanting to leave (blocking the entryway)
Validation: Allow them to safely express emotions. “The cat ignored becomes the tiger.” Method: Empathy, Need
4. We assume we know the problem and how to fix it
Example: Resident angry about his money.
Validation: Look deeper“Look for the need.” Method: Reflective listening, Ask the extremes
5. We fail to see the world from their view.
Example: Patient who needs a brief change.
Validation: Perception is reality.“It has to be his/her idea.” Method: Look for the need
6. We lie to them
Example: “Where is my husband?”
Validation: Therapeutic Lies are harmful“Demented individuals have it within themselves to solve their own issues.” Method: Ask ?’s, Reminisce
7. We bombard them with information
Example: Doctor’s appointment
Validation: Keep it simple, overstimulation is not good“Overstimulation, like boredom, causes anxiety.”
Method: Matching, ambiguity
8. We expect them to remember things
Example: “You remember…”
Validation: Keep self-esteem intact.“Has there ever been a time when...” Method: Reminisce
9. We don’t stimulate them
Example: Henry
Validation: All individuals have worth and deserve our attention.“Music is to the soul what words are to the mind.” Method: Reminisce, music
Henry
10. We don’t listen to the non-verbalExample: Gladys
Validation: Communication is 70% non-verbal.“Please hear what I’m not saying.” Method: empathy, music, touch, eye contact
Gladys
Communicating with someone with dementia is about:1. Accepting their realities2. Listening3. Validating their experiences4. Sharing their emotions5. Simplifying your communications6. Looking for the need7. Asking for their input8. Providing appropriate stimulation9. Reminiscing10. Being honest/truthful with them
If you want to learn more about communication, Validation, and other dementia issues, you can access my website:
www.dementiaassist.com
(You can also find dementia assist on Facebook)