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CHAPTER 4

PROFILE, AVAILABLE RESOURCES AND

INFRASTRUCTURE OF CHANDGAD TALUKA

4.1 Brief History of the taluka

Chandgad taluka is situated in the south of Kolhapur district. It is one of the

twelfth talukas of Kolhapur District. Distance between Kolhapur district

head quarter to Chandgad taluka head quarter is 125 km. Chandgad was part

of Belgaum administration at the Mumbai State. It was transferred to

Kolhapur in 1958 (Census,1991).After the reorganization of Maharashtra

state in May,1960, Chandgad was included in Kolhapur district as one of the

taluka. During the decade 1981 to 1991 two villages of chandgad taluka

were transferred in to newly established Sawantwadi taluka of Ratnagiri

District. The geographical area of the taluka in 1981 was recorded 9,54,091

hectors but after reorganization of the district and taluka, in the year 1984,

different changes took place and in the census 1991 Chandgad taluka covers

9,65,422 hectors of land.

4.2 Location :

Chandgad taluka has area of 952.20 sq. km i.e. 9,65,422 hectors land and

one of the second largest talukas of Kolhapur district after only Shahuwadi

taluka. It is situated on the North Degree of Latitude of 150-45-16 and

160-03-21, and North Degree of Longitude 74

0-01-12 and 74

0-27-

38. East- West length of the taluka is 44 km. and South North length is 34

km. The hight of the taluka from sea level is 800 mtr. and maximum climate

is 34.50dc and minimum is 13.

0dc. Chandgad talukas major border touched

with Karnataka state border. Taluka is surrounded by Ajara and Gadhinglaj

taluka of Kolhapur District and Sawantwadi taluka of Sindhudurg District of

Maharashtra State and Belgaum and Hukkeri taluka of Belgaum District of

Karnataka state.


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4.3 Administration :

For administrative purpose the whole taluka is divided in to five revenue

circles namely Chandgad, Kowad, Turkewadi, Here and Date. The area of

these circles are 31394.71, 11707.04,18429.12,31394.71 and 9942.10

hectors respectively(Census 1991). Chandgad is one of the largest circle in

the taluka having 37 villages. Here has 32 villages, Date-28 ,Kowad-23 and

Turkewadi -23 villages respectively. For administration of forest there are

four Zones namely Chandgad, Patane,Tudiye and Karve with fifteen

branches for total 43 villages under this forest zone. Chandgad taluka had

158 villages and 109 gram Panchayats. According the census 2001 there are

74 Indipendent and 35 Group Gram Panchayat.

4.4 Political overview

There are five Zilla Parishad Seats and ten Panchayat Samittee Seats in the

taluka. The Politics of Chandgad taluka is combined politics which also

include Ajara taluka. The both taluka elected one Member of Legislative

Assembly (MLA) for five years to Leading both the taluka. Up to 2005 there

was Congress party candidates have elected in majorety. At the time of

Mumbai state the taluka was in the administration of Belgaum and Advocate

V.B. Patil was the leader of the area for the period of 1952-56 (Panchayat

Samiti, Chandgad). After the reorganizing the new Maharashtra State, in the

first election Narasingrao Bhujangrao Patil of Congress Party had elected as

a leader (MLA) of the taluka. He was the first MLA of the newly

established taluka in Kolhapur district in 1961-65. After the several election

there were seventh MLA had worked and now the National Congress Party

candidate Babasaheb Kupekar is working as a eighth MLA of the taluka

from 2009 election.

Twenty four Panchayat samittee president (Sabhapati) leaded the Panchayat

Samittee and recently twenty-fifth president is working on the Panchayat

Samittee. The first Panchayat samittee president was Shri. B.A. Shirgoankar


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and from 2007 Shri S. S. Patil, is working as twenty-fifth Panchayat

samittee president. It is observation of the local Social leader and senior

peoples that these politicians are did there work well but the work is not as

well as any other taluka of the district. The taluka had very good potential

for socio-economic development but these were mostly neglected by the

ruling parties. The infrastructure of the taluka is comparatively poor than

that of other talukas of the district. Even basic services relating to

communication, financial and educational initiatives are also very short that

are providing very small portion of the society. Yet there is large and large

scope for further expansion and growth.

4.5 Population and Density:

Chandgad taluka has population of 1,80,781 in which Male population is

88,924 and Famale population is 91,857. The density of the population is

1033. As per the census of India 2001, literacy rate of the taluka is 66.67%

and the total literate population is 10,387 in which literate male population is

61,300 i.e. 80.74% and female literate are 42,571 i.e. 53.29%. There are 298

educational institutes which includes 68 High schools, twelve Higher

secondary schools and three Senior Collages in the taluka.

4.6 General Overview of the Taluka :

Chandgad taluka has four rivers and five forts, these are incredibles of the

taluka. Chandgad taluka has one of the major industrial area namely Shinoli

nearby Belgaum and one MIDC near Halkarni. Halkarni MIDC is newly

established in the year 1995 and spread over 192.13 hectors of land. Total

land is divided in to 66 plots out of them 42 plots have been sold out by the

MIDC up to 2007. Further 50 application have been received for remaining

24 plots up to 2007. Soil quality of the taluka is mixed Laterite, Black and

recristalised stones (sandy).Talukas three fourth of land is covered under

red and laterite soil which is useful for cultivation of cashew trees and

jackfruit trees. Western part of the taluka (Kini Karyat) is covered by black


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and recristalised stone (sandy soil).Rainy seasons of the taluka is varying in

last five years however average rainy days are more as compare to that with

any talukas of Kolhapur district after Gaganbawada. Taluka had west to east

sloping land. The rainfall go on decreasing towards western part of the

taluka, but the agriculture production found more towards western than

eastern part. East part of the taluka is covered by thick forest and hilly area

and the people in this area are doing traditional farming. Major crops in this

place are Nachni and sawa, apart from this they are using to cultivate paddy.

The economic condition of these people is very poor and most of the people

are illiterate they always migrate for some period to the nearest places in

order to generate some more income to fulfill their basic needs. They have

no more alternative to generate income other than the labour. Most of the

people are surviving on the forest and raring cattles like cow, buffalo, sheep,

goats etc.

Chandgad taluka has two big mines of bauxite, which are used for extracting

Alluminium. The percentage of alluminium in the bauxide is 48 to 50%

which is highest in any mines of the district. Kasarsada and Nagaratasawadi

are big two mines having 46 villages under its coverage area. Kasarsada is

one of the biggest mine in the taluka having 319 hectors of land and

Nagarataswadi is second largest.

Agriculture is major activity of the people and many people are directly or

indirectly connected with this activity in the taluka. Major crops of the

taluka are Sugarcane, paddy, Nachni, Potato, Sweet Potato. And major fruits

of the taluka are Cashew, Jackfruit and mango. There are also so many type

of forest fruits which are used to eat and sale. The cultivation of agriculture

is based on traditional. Recently after modernization of agriculture the

machines such as tractor are also used in the taluka. Farmers are inclined to

take more cash crops such as sugarcane, sweet potato, potato and cashew.


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4.7 Water

Chandgad taluka has proper balance of all natural resources. Forest, Water,

Agriculture and human resources are available evenly in all areas. Water is

essential element in life. `Chandgad taluka has four rivers 1160 wells and 19

small tanks` (Census 2001). These are providing water for different areas of

taluka. It was estimated that 6-7 TMC water is collected annually from all

these sources. The small and midium projects established on the river are

providing water for agriculture purpose. It is irrigated by different sources

like electric pumps, oil engines etc. Following table shows the sources of

irrigation in the taluka.

Table 4.1

Sources and irrigation (In Hectors)

Year Well River Other Total

1 2 3 4 5

1991 1456 2316 20 3792

2001 1007 3106 481 4594

Total Increase -449 790 461 802

% Increase -31% 34.11% 2305% 21%

(Source :Census 1991 and 2001)

The data in the table number 4.1 shows that total land irrigated in the taluka

is 4,594 hectors up to the year 2001. It means it has been increased by 21%

during the last decade. After glancing the table it can be understand that the

irrigation by well is decreased by 31% from 1,456 hectors in 1991 to 1007

hectors in 2001. On the contrary, irrigation by river is increased by 34.11%

from 2,316 hectors in 1991 to 3106 hectors in 2001. Irrigation by othersources is also increased by 2305% (i.e.23 time) from 20 hectors in 1991 to

481 hectors of land in 2001. The total irrigation land is increased by 802

i.e.21% in 2001 year compare to 1991. The increase in irrigation by other

source is highest among all other sources of the irrigation.


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4.8 Small and Medium Projects on the river

There are 22 small bridges and 3 middle projects on rivers. All rivers are

originated from the Sahyadries ranges of the taluka which are spread in east

of the taluka. Tamraparni, Ghatprabha and Markendey are flowing from

east to west. Markendey river is mostly used by the nearer state Karnataka

though it touches the boundry of the taluka. Tilari river is also one of the

fourth river in the taluka but the water of this river is used for hydro-

electricity generation project. Tilari Hydro-electricity Project is working

from 1986 near Dhamane village. The capacity of the dam is 4.00 TMC.

Annual production capacity of this hydro electricity generation project is 60

MegaVatt and its cost per unit is 23 paise only (during 2003). Its whole

electricity generated is used to Goa state only.

Table 4.2

Information about Middle Project and theire Capacity

Sr. No Middle Projects River Capacity (MCFT)

1 2 3 4

1 Phatakwadi Prakalp Ghataprabha 15402 Jangamatthi Tamraparni 1273

3 Jambare Prakalp Tamraparni 820

(Source : Irrigation dept of Chandgad)


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Table 4.3

Information about Small projects and there capacity

Sr. No Small Projects Capacity (MCFT)

1 2 3

1 Kamewadi 76.0

2 Shirgaon 18.0

3 Lakkikatte 326.0

4 Sundhi 85.0

5 Patne 160.0

6 Kitwad-1 260.0

7 Ambewadi 293.0

8 Halkarni 37.0

9 Malatwadi 54.0

10 Here 137.011 Kalasgade 67.0

12 Jelugade 172.0

13 Karajgaon 124.0

14 Khadakhol 64.0

15 Kitwad 2 137.0

16 Nittur -1 66.0

17 Nittur-2 155.0

18 Dundage 28.0

19 Kajirne 159.0

20 Tirmal -21 Dindalkop -

22 Sonarwadi -(Source : Irrigation dept of Chandgad)

It is proved by the study that, the irrigation by dripper system saves water.

One TMC of water is fulfill the need for 24000 hectors of land (N.S.Patil,

Chandgad at Glance,2003).

4.9 Agriculture, Fruits and Cattle and Dairy Farming::

4.9. 1 Agriculture :

Agriculture is regarded as backbone of developing economies. It provides

large employment and also creates ancillaries. More than 70% people are

living in rural area and are connected with agriculture directly or indirectly.

Kolhapur District is well known about its white revolution, which is the

result of agriculture development. People like to engage in cattle rearing


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with doing agriculture. Chandgad taluka had 952.20 sq.km of rural land.

Almost all land in rural areas is used for agriculture purpose. Taluka had

medium and slightly more sloped land. The land on river basin is found

cultivated and this land used for more and more time cultivation. The land in

the taluka is graded in to two to five grades. Kini Karyat was known for its

paddy production, as one of the biggest area of paddy production in the

taluka (N.S.Patil, Chandgad at Glance,2003). Average paddy production in

per hector is 8 10 tons. Recently the situation is changed, people turned to

take cash crops like Sugar cane.

Main crops of the taluka are Sugar cane, Paddy, Nachni, Sweetpotato and

Potato. Other crops like chilly, Vegitables and Maize are also cultivating in

some parts like west part of the taluka. In the east part mostly in hilly area of

the taluka the `zooming cultivation` is also used by there people (Vaghotri,

Issapur, Namkhol, Mirvel etc.) (P.41 Chandgad, N.S.Patil, Chandgad

collage). Zooming Cultivation means the cultivation where the farmer not

used the same land for cultivation more time, but they like to use another

land for cultivation according to their convenient.

Table 4.4

Information of land (In hectors)Year Total

Land

Forest

Land

Not Good

for

Cultivation

Good for

Cultivation

Total

Irrigated

area

Total

Cultivated

Land

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1984-85 954091 24898 17810 26290 - -

1990-91 965422 30468 5297 48352 3791.11 -

2000-01 965422 27100 9820 58020 4594.00 59622%

Increase

1991 to

2001

00 -11% 85.38% 20% 21%

(Source : Census Kolhapur district 1991 and 2001)

The table number 4.4 shows data on availability of land in Chandgad taluka.

It is found that the forest land is decreased by 11%. The land which was

30,468 hectors in 1990-91 is decreased to 27100 hectors in the year


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2001.The land good for cultivation is increased by 20% as compared to that

of 1990-91 in the year, 2000-01. In the case land not good for cultivation, it

is increased by 85.38%. Which was 5,297 hectors in the year1990-91 has

increased and reached to 9,820 hectors of land in 2000-2001. In the year

2007-08 total land under irrigation is 8500 hectors (Survey Statistics

Agriculture Department, Chandgad 2007-08).

This is quite desirable that the land under irrigation and land good for

cultivation is increased by 21% and 20% respectively during the decade

1990-91 to 2000-01. However, there is bad signal for the land of forest,

which is decreased by 11% accompanied by increase in land which is not

good for cultivation. It is increased by 85.38% in 2001, it is an indication of

improper use of forest and cultivable land, which needs to take in to

consideration for the development.

Table 4.5

Area under different crops in hectors

Year Sugar

Cane

Paddy Nachni Wheet Jawar Maize Sweet

Potato

Potato Ground

Nut

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1984-

85

3116 14692 - 1 498 82 9864 3698 -

1990-

91

3608 15329 7849 1546 924 87 540 3825 -

2000-

01

5730 15626 8312 40 223 639 4500 1250 4946

%

increase

58.81 2% 6% -97% -

76%

86% 733% 67% -

(Source : Census Kolhapur 1991 and 2001)

After glancing the crops statistics in two decades it reveals that the land

under sugar cane, paddy and Nachni crops is increasing continuesly. The

Sugarcane, Paddy, Nachni and Maize cultivation has increased by 58.81%,2%, 97% and 86% . It is quite lucrative that the area under, sweet potato


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cultivation is increased by 733% to 4500 hectors in the decade of 1990-90 to

2000-01.

Major crops in Chandgad taluka are sugar cane, Paddy, Groundnut and

Sweet Potato proportion of which is always higher than other crops. The

production of these crops for the year 2003 is shown in the table number 4.6

Table No. 4.6.

Major crops Production in Metric Tonn

Crops Production

1 2

Sugar Cane 450000

Paddy 50000

Ground Nut 4500

Sweet Potato 21000

Source : Census 2001

4.9.2 Horticulture :

Chandgad taluka produces cashew, mango, jackfruits and many forest based

fruits. Production of cashew is considerably good, which is taken on large

scale as it fetches good proce and considerable income to the cultivators. .

Cashew nut had good demand in the market world wide. Chandgad taluka is

famous for its cashew nuts with its special test. That creates demand for

cashew nut. As a result area under cultivation of cashew trees are increasingin this region. There are 20 small and medium processing industries are

working. The total 2/3 land of Chandgad taluka is covered by cashew trees

and nearly 5000 tons raw cashew is produced annually and derives income

of Rs. 20 crore. in the taluka (N.S.Patil, Chandgad at Glance,2003). The

Government of Maharashtra is impressed this number and provide grants to

develop more trees in the taluka in 1991. The Scheme introduced as

horticulture programme at 50% grant to 5350 farmers to develop trees in


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3670 hectors land by government. In the same way another scheme at 100%

grant basis was introduced under the employment guarantee scheme.

Another major fruit in the taluka is Mango, though it is not taken on

commercial purposes but it has very good market in the taluka. People used

to take mango in to the market after fulfilling their demands. Some

information about fruits land of the taluka is given in the table 4.7 as

follows.

Table 4.7

Land under Horticulture (In hector) 2001

Horticultu

re

Chandg

ad

Kolhap

ur Position in

Dist

% In total fruit land of

district

1 2 3 4 5

Mango 1643 5546 1 29.62%

Cashew 2129 5535 1 38.46%

(Sources : Census Kolhapur,2001)

The table number 4.7 shows that the chandgad taluka had highest land under

cultivation of Mango and Cashew in Kolhapur district. It constitutes 29.62%

and 38.46% of total land respectively. There is good potential for cultivating

more and more trees. Farmers recently aware their scope and started to

cultivate these trees in some part of the taluka. Though the land under

mango cultivation is higher in the district, there is no any processing unit yet

established. Which need to consideration for development.

4.9.3 Cattle and Dairy farming

Dairy farming is regarded supplementary to the agriculture. Farmers are

raring cattle mainly for milk and agriculture proposes. Some information

about the cattles and milk in Chandgad taluka in respect of Kolhapur district

is shown in the following table number 4.8.


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Table 4.8

Cattles in Chandgad Taluka and Kolhapur District

Origin Cattles

Chandgad

Kolhapur % to

District

Position in

District

1 2 3 4 5 6

Bull 96 7390 1.30% 10

Total Cow

categories Anl 3202 68634 4.67% 9

Foreign

(cross

breed) Cow-Milking 2736 54423 5.03% 9

Bull 18057 98481 18.34% 1

Total Cow

categories Anl 2769 31230 9.1% 4

Cow-Milk 2083 21521 10.1% 4Male Buffalo 1238 18179 7.1% 7

Buffalo Total 33603

43640

8 8.1% 7

Buffalo Milk 26768

32496

4 8.23% 7

Domesti

c

Sheep 2475

16787

0 1.47% 9

(Source : Census Kolhapur, 2001)

From above table it is observed that the Cattles in taluka are found in good

number. It is observed that the the taluka has more number of domestic

cattles as it is with foreign cattles. In the total Cattle, foreign bulls are not

much in number compare to the other talukas of the district however

domestic bulls are available in the large number. According to the Cattle

having position in district it is observed that Chandgad taluka had more

countrys cattles as it is compared with foreign cattles. Taluka ranks 9th in

the number of cross breed milking cows in the district. It is also observed

that the taluka ranks 4th

in the number of domestic cows(milking) and ranks

7th

in the number of Buffalos (milking) in district. Information about milk

and milk collection in Chandgad taluka with reference to District is shown in

the table number 4.9.


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Table 4.9

Dairy Cooperative SocietiesParticular Chandgad Kolahapur Position in

District

% in

District

1 2 3 4 5Dairy co-operatives

346 3907 6 8.85%

Total Members31133 354147 6 8.80%

Daily Avg Milk

Production

(In Litrs)64000 962000 4 6.65%

Annual Collection of

Milk (000)23338 350762 7 6.65%

Chilling Centre (No)3 7 1 43%

Daily milk collectionCapacity of Chilling

Centre ( In Ltrs)160000 615000 1 26.01%

[Source : Primery document, District Statistical Office Kolhapur ( 2001) ]

There are three chilling centers in the taluka which are engaged for

procuring milk from the taluka and nearest places. These all chilling centre

are not utilizing their full capacity because of less availability of milk. It is

considerable thing to develop their milk production by increasing milk.

4.10 Education and Literacy:

4.10.1 Education:

Education is only source of overall development of the society. Education in

Chandgad taluka is as much good as any educationally developed talukas.

There is long history of education development in the taluka. Fist school

namely Saraswati Vidya Mandir, Kalkundri was established by eminent

educationalist with establishing first educational institute Khedut Shikshan

Sanstha in 1953. The founder chairman of this sanstha is Shri Madkholkar

Guruji. After completion of fifty years of educational history of the taluka,

there are number of institutes (schools) and collages are opened for the

students. Last three years performance of educational institution, teachers

and students is briefly shown in the table number 4.10. as follows.


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Table 4.10

Educational Institutions teachers and Students

(Source : Primery Report,Educational Department, Panchayat Samiti Chandgad, 200708)

After glancing the table number 4.10, it is cleared that the institutional

growth in chandgad taluka is quite satisfactory. Chandgad taluka had 5th

position in respect of number of institutes, 8th

position in respect of number

of Teachers and 7th

position in respect of number of students in the district.

According to the educational department, Chandgad taluka has at least basic

school i.e. Anganwadi or Primery school at each and every village.

4.10.2 Literacy :

`Literate person means a person who can both read and write with

understanding in any language` (Census Kolhapur 1991, P.32 Para 9.1).

Table number 4.11 shows Information about literacy in chandgad taluka

along with the total rural literacy of Kolhapur district.

Year Particular Primary

Schools

High

Schools Junior Senior

Total Position

in

District

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Institutes 190 60 12 3 265 5

Techers 722 614 - 54 1390 72003-04

Students 21246 15265 - 1355 33866 7

Institutes 198 63 12 3 276 5

Techers 766 572 - 54 1392 82004-05

Students 20934 16209 - 1355 38498 7

Institutes 215 68 12 3 298 -

Teachers - - - - - -2007-08

Students - - - - - -

%

Increase

Institutes

(2008) 13% 13% 00 00 13% -

Teachers

(2005) 7.48 (-7%) 00 00 0.14 -

Stidents

(2005) (-1.47%) 6.18% 00 00 13.67% -


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Table 4.11

Literacy

Chandgad Taluka Kolhapur District (Rural)Year Literacy

Total Male Famale Total Male Famale

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1991 % In Dist and State 52.24% 67.73% 37.70% 62.47% 77.47% 47.25%

2001 % In Dist and State 66.67% 80.74% 53.29% 73.07% 85.70% 60.70%

% Increase in a decade 14.43% 13.01% 15.59% 10.6% 8.23% 13.45%

(Source : Census Kolhapur, 1991 and 2001)

The level of literacy in the taluka is quite good. The literate rate of the taluka

is 66.67% in which the male literacy rate is 80.74% and that of female is

53.29%. The total literacy rate has increased by 14.43% during the decade of

nineties (1991-2001). It includes higher increase in female literacy rate

(15.59%) than that of male (13.01%). Where as overall growth rate of

literacy in the district during the decade is only 10.6%.

4.11 Soil, Minerals and Fisheries:

4.11.1 Soil :

Chandgad taluka is famous for its red soil. The soil of the taluka is farmed

by red and laterite traps. Physiographically land can be divided in to two

broad soil zones, 1. The eastern zone of heavy rainfall is covered with red

laterite soils and; 2. The central and western part is covered with fertile land

and well drained brownish soil. Eastern Soil occur mainly hilly tracks of

heavy rainfall, on the hill tops which are not covered by forests. They are red

to brownish-red in color, mostly erode and shallow. They are not retentive of

moisture and yield mainly coarse hill millets. When terraced, applications of

nitrogen and phosphorus are found quite useful and in such cases paddy can

also be taken from the soil. The eastern zone covered by forests, which

abound in valuable trees like teak, undi, jambul etc. The soil is fertile and

rich in humus. The brown, medium and deep black soil found in central and


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western zone of the taluka. Medium deep soil is grey in colour with good

granular structure and more clayey. The soil is quite fertile and good for

Kharif crops - Sugar, Paddy, Nachni, Jowar and groundnut. As drainage is

good vegetables can be successfully taken in this land.

4.11.2 Minerals:

Chandgad taluka is well endowed with Bauxite as the chief mineral of

economic value. It occurs in large quanitities as laterite cappings in the hills

of the western part of the taluka. Irregular nodules of Kankar occur in the

soils, especially in the western part of the taluka. Kolhapur district has 20

major places with potential bauxite. Out of which 6 are in Chandgad taluka.

They are Nagartaswadi, Kasarsada, Mogalgad,Mahipalgad, Kalanandigad

and Gandharv gad (Record of Mineral Department, Kolhapur,2006). It is

observed that chandgad taluka has more than 25% of bauxite places in

overall Kolhapur district. It measures 803.70 hectors. Kasarasada mine is the

largest mine of having 399 hectors followed by Nagarataswadi of 284.70

hectors. Kasarsada mine is covered by five main villages (i.e. Chandgad,

Bhogoli, Pilani, Umgao and Kokare) of Chandgad taluka. Talukas total 48

villages are under this coverage area, these villages come under Chandgad

and Karve forest zone (Forest Deptt. Chandgad,2006). The Scientific name

of the bauxite is Alluminium Hydroxide it Gibsite (Al2O3, 3H2O).

Theoratically bauxite contains 73.9% Al2O3and 26.1% of H2O. Bauxite is a

generic name given to various Aluminium Hydroxide related to each other

Bauxite ows its name to a place of Baux in South France(Mines in

Maharashtra,1970). Bauxite in Chandgad taluka contains highest percentage

of Alluminium Laterite i.e. 40% to 58% (Forest Deptt. Chandgad,2006).

The Indian Alluminium Company, Belgaum made contract with mineral

department for consuming Bauxite from these mines for 30 years on 1969,

which came to end on 1999. However, it took seven more year to transport

extracted bauxite due to transport problem (Record of Mineral Department,


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Kolhapur,2006).The company on an averagely extracted 7538.43 matric ton

of Bauxite per annum up to 1999 from 78 hectors of land at a rate of Rs. 330

to Rs. 434.33 per ton (the rate of minerals were fixed accourding to the

central government mining rules).

It is observed that, considering nearer taluka of Kolhapur district there is

very good scope for developing a small bauxite plant in the taluka however,

yet there is no any plant which can process the bauxite. Radhanagari taluka

which is closest to the Chandgad taluka has second largest bauxite area.

Shahuwadi also has potential land for bauxite which need to take

consideration for Industrial development in the district.

4.11.3 Fisheries :

Fisheries land in the taluka is increasing tremendously in last some years.

Chandgad taluka has highest land under fish farming and highest fish

income in total Kolhapur district, still there is further scope for expansion.

There are four rivers in the taluka having considerable land with potential of

fisheries. Though these are not using for fish farming, these can provide

further expansion for fisheries in chandgad taluka. The Table number 4.12

shows information about fisheries in Chandgad taluka in relation to

Kolhapur ditrict.

Table 4.12

Fisheries (2007)

Fisheries

Chand

gad

Kolha

pur

Position in

District

% In Kop

District1 2 3 4 5

Total Land (hectors) for Fisheries( Tank,

Lake and Water Shed) 1652 7959 1 20.75%

Used Land for Fisheries (hectors) 1652 4505 1 36.67%

Production of Fisheries ( in M.Ton) 390 3159 1 12.34%

Total Income Received (in Lakh) 93 755 1 12.31%

Used Fish seeds (Rs. in Lakh) 160 724 1 22.09%

Cooperative Institutes (Fisheries) 5 39 2 12.82%

Members 274 4235 8 6.46%(Source : District Statistical Centre,2007)


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Above table shows the Chandgad taluka has highest number of fishing land,

with highest production of fish and highest income also in the district. It

shares 20.75%,13.34% and 12.31% respectively in Kolhapur district.

National Fishing project is working at Tilarinagar from 2006. The cost of

project is Rs. 1.07 crores covering 24.55 hectors of land. The land is

procured in partnership of Government and private individuals. Government

had contributed 9.22 hectors of land and remaining 15.34 hectors land is

procured from private individuals. This project has been sanctioned in 1976,

however, it took 23 extended year to complete the project. This shows an

experience of government working speed which is quite undesirable. Out of

total cost Rs. 1.07 crore, Rs. 0.95 crores have spent on the project until now

from which government of Maharashtra contributed more of it (i.e

94,88,000).

4.12 Rain and Climate :

4.12.1 Rain :

The taluka has gained good rainfall from the South West as well as North

east Monsoons. The proportion of rainfall go on decreased rapidly from east

to west. The south west Monsoon commences by about the first week of

June and last till about the end of September. The day temperature during

the period fall very low. The average rainfall in the taluka during 95 days

(June-September) rainy season was 2783.7mm. in the year 2006. Table

number 4.13 shows data on rainfall in the taluka during last six years (2000

to 2006) and table number 4.14 shows an total rain fall in relation to

Kolhapur district.


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Table 4.13

Rain fall

YearsMonth

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

April - 32.50 - - 13.04 - -

May 185.28 76.30 28.48 - 72.4 - -

June 263.45 249.79 489.48 897.8 844.0 - -

July 1155.21 773.48 388.20 384.2 - - -

August 715.40 585.58 886.20 304.2 - - -

Septeber 376.00 182.20 92.00 101.1 - - -

October 288.50 32.00 97.06 109.2 - - -

November 22.40 9.00 2.00 23.3 - - -

December - 40.50 - - - - -

Total 2926.24 2199.10 1983.00 2033.20 3221.4

(Source : Primery Report, Agriculture Department Chandgad, 2006)

Table 4.14

Rain in Chandgad Taluka

Particular Rain

Position in Kop. District

1 2 3

Avg Rain (MM) 2783.7 3

Rainy days in Year 95 2

Rain in 2006 (MM) 3221.4 3

(Source : Primery Report, Agriculture Department Chandgad, 2006)

4.12.2 Climate :

The climate of Chandgad taluka is comparatively cooler in the district. In the

eastern part near the Sahyadries ranges it is always cooler than that in

western part which is liable to hot winds during April and May. The year in

respect of Chandgad may be divided in to three periods hot weather from

March to May, Rainy period from June to October and Cold weather from


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November to February similar to that in Maharasthtra state. In winter season

day temperatures remain higher than the monsoon season and average

temperature ranging from 100to 16

0. There is a rapid rise in temperature in

February to May. It ranges between 300

c to 380

c

4.13 Forest and Forts:

4.13.1 Forest :

Chandgad taluka has second largest forest area after Radhanagari taluka in

Kolhapur district. The area under forest is 27206.88 hectors. The forest of

the taluka is divided in Reserve forest and Unclassified forest. There are four

forest administrative zones and fifteen security offices in the taluka. Fire

wood, Timber, Hirda, Jambul, Ramettha and several other type of trees are

found at large in the forest. The forest has rich medicinal plants. (according

to the study there are more than 1000 medicinal plants but they are not

properly nurtured and used, (Dr.Bachulkar, Page.No.6, Sakal Vishesh Ank

16th

Jan,2005.). These medicinal plants includes, Tamal patra, Honey Wax,

Kadipatta, Dried Mango pickle, Shikekai, Gum, Milk fruits, Mayrobalan.

The wild animals namely Pigs, Monkeys, Deers, Wild Buffallows (Gawa

in marathi) are found every where in the forest of the taluka. There also

found Elephants in the taluka which have migrated from Karnataka forest

soon from last some years. The forest information of the taluka is shown in

the following table.

Table 4.15

Forest Information of Chandgad Taluka (2006)Zones Reserve Forest Unclassified Forest Total Forest

1 2 3 4

Chandgad 6552.56 2156.31 8708.87

Patane 11591.71 - 11591.71

Tudiye 4415.11 - 4415.11

Karvey 2488.88 - 2488.88

Total 2505049 2156.31 27206.88(Source: Annual report, Forest Department Chandgad taluka,2006)


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Table number 4.15 shows the information about different forest zones in the

taluka. It reveals that the reserve forest is higher than unclassified forest. The

study shows the forest has good potential of medicinal plants but these are

not yet taken for the nurturing. There is need of deep study in respect of

medicinal plants and its uses for the society, it will helpful to the nation also.

Chandgad forest has many advantages. Different types of birds and animals

are found in large numbers. In the year 2007-08 the environmental activists

were requested to the government to establish reserve forest for elephants

near tilari forest. It will benefited to the farmers also. Government should

consider this request for further action.

4.13.2 Forts :

Chandgad taluka has a treasurer of natural beauty. It prevailing four

historical forts namely Pargad, Kalanandigad, Mahipalgad and Gandharvgad

and largest forest increases the beauty and interest of the pilgrims from

diverse area of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Goa. This underlines the scope

for tourism development. Very few efforts have been initiated up till now in

this direction. Though recent development of Pargarh (Pargad) is the

outcome of the same, other three forts have not been attracted attention of

the government until now. Residence of these places says the great history

of these forts but it is a another area of research which need to take for

further study. According to them, Mahipalgad was built by the Mahipat

King, and Pargad was built for watching the Portugies movement from Goa.

It was also said that the pargad is important gad in southern region at

kingdom days of Maratha. The sign of forts such as construction, building

structure and planning made for necessity on the forts indicates that the forts

were built by Hindu kings. However a deep study in the area of archeology

is necessary. There is very good scope for tourism development in the

taluka, government and politician should contribute for its development as

early as possible.


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4.14 Infrastructure:

4.15.1 Electricity, Communication and roads:

Chandgad taluka is regarded as less developed infrastructure as compared to

other talukas in the district. According to the Electricity department,

Chandgad taluka is 100% electrified. All villages in the taluka are well

connected with electricity. PWD record says all villages are connected with

roads. Two state roads Ramghat to Parite (130) and Belgaum to Vengurla

(131) are situated in the taluka. The situation in the taluka is different from

recorded one. It is observed that there are only 78 bus stops in the taluka

and 25.69% roads are safe and suitable for transportation (Census 2001).

There are 45 post offices and only 22 postmens are looking the work of

these post offices. The table number 4.16, 4.17 and 4.18 shows the

information about infrastructure in the taluka in respect of electricity and

communication and roads respectively.

Table 4.16

Electricity of the taluka (up to 2008)

Electricity Connection Total Connection Total Electricity Consumption (K.W)1 2 3

Rural household 29,465 2048.4

Commercial 1448 2049.5

Industrial 626 1759.79

Street light 212 97.64

Agriculture 6220 27602.03

P.W.D. (Irrigation) 279 306.25

(Source :Primary report MSEB, Chandgad, 2008)


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Table 4.17

Communication facilities (2007)

Communication Chandgad Kolhapur Position in the District

1 2 3 4

Sub Post Offices4 559 5

Telecommunication

Offices1 11 3

Post Boxes178 1616 2

Postmen22 433 9

No. of Villageshaving P.O

45 515 8

Individual

Teliphone 6991 111399 8

P.C.O581 13444 5

Villages having

electricity100% 100% -

(Source: Census Kolhapur, 2001 up dated up to 2007)

Table 4.18

Roads in the taluka (2007)

Particular Chandgad1 2

Bus Stops 78

Roads safe and suitable for

transportation 25%

Main Road (No-130) Ramghat to Parite and (No-131)

Vengurla to Belgaum

(Source: Census Kolhapur, 2001 up dated up to 2007)

From the above tables it is clear that the taluka has comparative

infrastructure. Chandgad taluka stand second in the district in respect of the

number of post boxes, paradoxically there are very few postmen. However

the taluka stands sixth in the district in respect of overall infrastructure

development.


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4.15 Working Population in the Taluka :

Table 4.19

working population in the taluka.

(Source : Census Kolhapur, 1991 and 2001)

1991 2001

Main Marginal Main M

Categories

M F T M F T M F T M

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Cultivator 27698 26474 54172 - - - 25773 25477 51250 3114

Agric.Labours 4042 6619 10661 - - - 3341 5213 8554 1581

House

Hold

681 206 887 - - - 1371 475 1846 180

Other 9362 1270 10632 - - - 13634 2598 16232 1348

Total

(Working)

41783 34569 76352 5230 12984 18214 44119 33763 77882 6223

% in T.P 53.48% 42.35% 47.82% 6.70% 16.1% 11.40% 50.43% 36.76% 43.1% 7.1% 1

Total

Populat

78117 81623 159740 78117 81623 159740 88924 91857 180781 88924 9


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The table number 4.19 shows the working position in respect of Main and

Marginal workers in different working activities i.e. Cultivators,

Agricultural Labourers, House Holds and Others in Chandgad taluka. The

data reveals that the population is increasing at fast rate but at the same time

the employment opportunities in the taluka are decreasing. It found that the

major population of the taluka is engaged in agriculture allied activities.

Major activities (Main work) including agriculture carried out by the male

on the contrary female are engaged in marginal work. The table represent

that the number of total workers are increased in the year 2001 as compare

to that in the year 1991, but the percentage of working population to total

population is decreased to 54.1% from 59.19%. This clearly indicates that

the increasing population is not getting work in the year 2001 as 1991. This

shows the need of development that leads to increase the employment.

4.16. Agro Resources Estimation in the taluka

It is important to find potential of resource availability in the taluka for

further industrial development. Therefore researcher has collected

information about resources estimation made by the agriculture department

Shirgaon of Chandgad Taluka. It will beneficial to the establishment of rice

mill, floor mills and cashew processing units. Though the agriculture

department has not made estimation about sugar cane the last 17 years

production data can be used for next establishment.

The information of the estimated land, production and productivity per

hector is summarized in the forgoing tables.


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4.16.1 Rice :

The information about rice crop is summerised in the table 4.16.1

Table No.4.16.1

Rice Estimation in taluka

Sr.No Year

Estimated

Land under

Crop

Estimated

Production Ton/

Hector

Estimated Production

per Hector in Matric

Ton

1 2 3 4 5

1 2006-07 14100 2.20 31062

2 2007-08 14074 2.24 31596

3 2008-09 14044 2.28 32133

4 2009-2010 14010 2.33 32685

5 2010-2011 13980 2.37 33244

6 2011-2012 13948 2.42 33810

7 2012-2013 13913 2.47 34379

8 2013-2014 13875 2.52 34951

9 2014-2015 13840 2.56 35430

10 2015-2016 13800 2.60 35880

Estimated Annual

Growth 14109 2.21 31114

(Source : Primery Document on Agriculture Planning, Agriculture Department, Shirgoan,

Chandgad, 2007-08)

The table no. 5.13 shows the estimated land under Rice crop and itsproduction per hector for next ten years (2006-07 to 2015-2016). It is

observed that the estimated annual growth in hector of land is 14109 doring

ten years. Production of rice will be at 22 quintal per hector. and 31114

matric ton per hector will be the production.


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4.16. 2. Nachani (Ragi)

Agriculture department of Chandgad has estimated the nagali production for

ten years(2006-07 to 2015-2016). The Production estimated is summerised

in the table no.4.16.2

Table 4.16.2

Nachani Estimation in the taluka

Sr.

No Year

Estimated

Land under

Crop

Estimated Productivity

qwintal/ Hector

Estimated

Production per

Hector in

metric ton

1 2 3 4 5

1 2006-07 5100 9 45900

2 2007-08 5000 9.25 46250

3 2008-09 4900 9.5 46550

4 2009-2010 4800 9.7 46800

5 2010-2011 4700 10 47000

6 2011-2012 4600 10.25 471507 2012-2013 4500 10.5 47250

8 2013-2014 4400 10.75 47300

9 2014-2015 4300 11 47300

10 2015-2016 4200 11.25 47250

Estimated Annual

Growth 5114 9 46200


Chandgad, 2007-08)

The table 4.16.2 shows the Nagali production estimation for next ten years

(2006-07 to 20515-2016). The land under Nagali is estimated at 5,114

hectors, Production is estimated at 9 quintals per hector and production per

hector is estimated 46,200 metric ton.


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4.16.3. Cashew

Agriculture department estimated, the Cashew industries and estimated

capacity in matric ton is summerised in the table no. 4.16.3

Table 4.16.3

Cashew Estimation in the taluka

Sr. No Year

Estimated

Units

Estimated

processing

Capacity in Metric

Ton

1 2 3 4

1 2006-07 1 1000

2 2007-08 1 1000

3 2008-09 1 1000

4 2009-2010 1 1000

5 2010-2011 1 1000

6 2011-2012 1 1000

7 2012-2013 1 1000

8 2013-2014 1 1000

9 2014-2015 1 1000

10 2015-2016 1 1000

(Source : Primery Document on Agriculture Planning, Agriculture Department,

Shirgoan, Chandgad, 2007-08)

The above table, table 4.16.3 shows the estimated cashew units and its

capacity in matric ton for next ten years (2006-07 to 2015-2016).The annual

growth was estimated 1 unit for each year and processing capacity is

estimated 1000 matric ton.

4.16.4. Sugar Cane :

The taluka has well engaged in sugar cane production. The rivers and the

climate are favorable to produce the sugar cane. The last ten years sugar


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cane production and total land in hectors and production per hector with the

productivety in kg. is summerised in the table 4.16.4.

Table no. 4.16.4

Sugar cane Production in the taluka

Sr. No Year

Total land

In Hector

Production in

Ton

Productivity

per hector in

tons

Growth

Rate

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 1990-91 3500 157500 45 6.7%

2 1991-92 3718 178466 48 5.6%

3 1992-93 3550 168625 47.5 6.7%

4 1993-94 3500 168000 88 8.2%

5 1994-95 4700 228890 48.7 8.9%

6 1995-96 5282 258818 49 11.6%

7 1996-97 4930 247486 50.2 12.2%

8 1997-98 4850 244925 50.5 12.9%

9 1998-99 5200 264160 50.8 13.3%

10 1999-2000 5100 260100 51 14.4%

11 2000-01 5000 257500 51.5 29.6%

12 2001-02 3200 186560 58.3 38.0%

13 2002-03 5900 366190 62.1 42.2%

14 2003-04 6800 435200 64 47.8%

15 2004-05 7700 512050 66.5 51.3%

16 2005-06 8500 578850 68.1 52.0%

17 2006-07 8620 658008 68.4 6.8%

Annual Growth 3386 146422 48.07


Chandgad, 2007-08)

Note : Growth rate is calculated on earlier years yield/productivity

The sugar cane is one of the major cash crop. It produces in all over the

taluka. The total land in hectors and production ton is continuously

increasing from the year 1990-91 to 2006-07. The annual growth rate of the

total land of sugar cane is 3,386 hectors, annual production growth in ton is

1,46,422 and annual productivity growth is 48,073.


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REFERENCES

1.

Primary Report of Panchayat Simitee Chandgad, 2007

2.

Primary Report of Foreset Department, Chandgad,2006

3. Primary Report of Agriculture Department, Shirgaon Chandgad, 2007

4. Primary Report of Irrigation Department, Chandgad 2007

5. Primary Report of Mining Department, Kolhapur, 2006

6. Primary Report of BDO office, Chandgad,

7. Primary Report of Education officer, Chandgad

8. Gazzett Kolhapur, 2003

9.

Census Kolhapur, 1991-2001

10.

Shri. N.S.Patil, Chandgad at Glance, 2003

11.

Primary Document, District Statistical Officer, Kolhapur

12.Dr. Bachulkar, Chandgad, Sakal visheshank, 2007

shod chandgad cha

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