short description of the proceedings of pcim europe 2006 short description of the proceedings of...

PCIM Europe 2006 30 May – 1 June 2006, Nuremberg ISBN 3-928643-43-6 Short Description of the Proceedings of PCIM Europe 2006 Keynote A Break Through for Low Power Drives - From the State of the Art to Future Trends John B. Jacobsen, Grundfos, Denmark High Power IGBT 1200V IGBT4 - High Power - a new Technology Generation with Optimized Characteristics for High Current Modules Marco Bäßler, Frank Umbach, Infineon, Germany, Carsten Schäffer, Infineon, Austria The IGBT4 is a Trench Fieldstop component with a vertical structure adapted for the different areas of application (low, medium and high power). The High Power variant of the IGBT4 is optimized for high rated currents. In the paper, measurements on a 2400A single switch are presented. The measurements show a trade-off between soft turn off behaviour and turn off losses. Finally, we show that the new IGBT generation enables easy controlled dI/dt turn-off and discuss the associated dynamic losses HiPak Modules with SPT+ Technology rated up to 3.6 kA Munaf Rahimo, ABB, Switzerland In this paper, we introduce our new HiPak module emplying the new SPT+ IGBT chips with voltage ratings up to 1700 V and current ratings up to 3600 A . The SPT+ IGBT range achieves the same desirable electrical characteristics as the successful SPT generation, while exhibiting lower over-all losses for maximizing the total output current capability Investigation of New IGBT Module Structure with Metal Carbon Composite Material Yoshitaka Nishimura, Kazunaga Onishi, Eiji Mochizuki, Yoshikazu Takahashi, FujiElectric Device Technology, Japan The IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar transistor) module has extended from industrial market to the consumer electronic goods and EV (Electric Vehicle) etc, for the energy saving. High reliability is one important characteristic for Vehicles usage, and Lightening of weight is become to next issue of this market. this investigation is to achieve lightweight, high reliability, high thermal conductivity, and low cost IGBT module structure Desaturated Switching of Trench-Fieldstop IGBTs Marco Bohlländer, Reinhold Bayerer, Thomas Raker, Infineon Technologies, Josef Lutz, Technical University of Chemnitz, Germany Under turn-off under inductive load, the effect of high carrier concentration in modern Trench-Fieldstop IGBTs is reduced by desaturation. The impact of related driving circuits regarding the adjustment of the turn-off behaviour by control of saturation are investigated and described Power Quality Problems and Solutions Invited Paper The First Pan-European Economic Study of Power Quality : Preliminary Evaluation of the Losses by Economic Sectors Jonathan Manson, Joff Enterprises, UK, Roman Targosz, European Copper Institute, Poland The most relevant online programme to this paper and this topic is the main web site of the Leonardo Power Quality Initiative (LPQI) - http://www.lpqi.org. This both provides a full overview of this EC prize-winning project and details of this PQ Survey that is a major project within it. LPQI itself is part of a broader electrical energy initiative Leonardo Energy - http://www.leonardo-energy.org/ - that covers a wide range of electrical energy issues current to today’s society

PCIM Europe 2006, 30 May – 1 June 2006, Nuremberg, ISBN 3-928643-43-6

A Novel Scheme for Single-Phase AC-DC Power Conversion with Unity Power Factor and Regenerative Feedback Stefan Völkel, Bernhard Piepenbreier, University Erlangen, Germany A novel scheme for single-phase power conversion with unity power factor and the possibility of regenerative feedback is proposed. It consists of a line filter with a rectifier, which is switched at line frequency, and a medium-frequency transformer, whose primary and secondary windings are respectively connected via four-quadrant transistor chopper to capacitor links. The operating method is explained. Lab measurements at a prototype converter prove the practicability. A New Control Method for Shunt Active Power Filter without Filter Current Measurement Engin Özdemir, Murat Kale, Kocaeli University, Turkey In this study, a new control method for Active Power Filter (APF) without filter current measurement is proposed. The control technique is based on only utility current measurement, leading to simple schemes which can be easily implemented. The waveform of the utility current can be approximated as a sinusoidal waveform, and the input power factor and dynamic response of the APF is also improved. High Dynamic Control of a VSI in Grid Parallel Operation with Minimised Current Distortion even under Harsh Voltage Conditions Holger Wrede, SEG, Germany SI are commonly used for adjustable speed drive systems and have nowadays entered multiple applications like active front ends, regenerative energy generation systems and FACTs devices. In these applications the VSI has to control the line current in an appropriate way regarding dynamic and steady state performance. In this paper the predictive deadbeat current control of a grid parallel VSI is presented, which features sinusoidal currents and maximal dynamic respond Hybrid Power Integration A New 3A/600V Transfer Mold IPM with RC-IGBT (Reverse Conducting IGBT) Katsumi Satoh, Toru Iwagami, Hisashi Kawafuji, Shinya Shirakawa, Mitsubishi Electric, Japan, Eckhard Thal, Mitsubishi Electric Europe, Germany A new 3A/600V DIP-IPM has been developed by adopting novel power chip and high performance package. In this DIP-IPM, inserted semiconductor power chips are only 8 becouse new IGBTs have reverse conducting capability. In this paper, this new DIP-IPM is presented in detail Investigations of Epoxy Moulding Structure for IGBT Module Masafumi Horio, Rikihiro Maruyama, Tatsuo Mishizawa, Eiji Mochizuki, Fuji Electric Device Technology, Japan The development of new structure IGBT module with the thick copper foil DCB with new epoxy moulding in order to satisfy high thermal conductivity, high reliability, low cost, and compactness. And, it will be applied to high temperature modules that are required to secure quality at high temperature environment in the future. Fast Switching Power Module Solutions for Applications with 1200V Component Rating Michael Frisch, Tyco Electronics, Germany, Ernö Temesi, Tyco Electronics, Hungary Different 1200V IGBT-technologies in ZVS-, generator/UPS- and motor drive applications with a switching frequency > 10kHz are compared. Several power component combinations are benchmarked. The paper describes how the characteristics of power components together with the pinning and module package influences the power losses in fast switching applications.The limitations and critical parameters of component and package are highlighted.


New "One Screw Mounting" Baseplateless Module Design Fabio Brucchi, Semikron, Italy Semikron expands the SEMITOP® Family (baseplateless, one screw mounting modules) with the introduction of SEMITOP® 4. This module (fully compatible with SEMITOP® 1, 2 and 3) is available in 3-Ø IGBT Inverter and in Converter Inverter Brake topologies. SEMITOP® 4 has been designed using Mechanical and Thermal Finite Element Simulation Tools in order to face at any critical Mechanical and Thermal aspect, even in the worst environmental conditions Modelling and Identification of Drive Systems Identifying Plant Parameters using Linear Least Square and Stockastic Technique (Genetic Algorithms) Hammad Ahmad, Technical University Hamburg Harburg, Carsten Hamm, Wolfgang Papiernik, Hans-Peter Tröndle, Siemens, Germany This article presents two ways to identify dynamic systems. First method of linear least squares is employed to identify linear time invariant systems. The identification is carried out in the z-domain after applying the Pade approximation to transfer the continuous systems. Next genetic algorithms (GA) are used to identify nonlinear systems containing Tustin's friction model. The advantage is that GA tend to converge to the global minimum independently of the initial condition Induction Motor Parameter Estimation at Standstill by means of Advanced Signal Processing Methods Armin Wolfram, Siemens, Germany Self-commissioning algorithms based on parameter identification at standstill play an important role. One reliable approach is the frequency analysis of the input impedance at standstill, where sinusoidal currents are impressed. However, the rotor slots are mostly performed closed and due to the corresponding saturation effects, the voltages actually contain distinct peaks. In this paper a nonlinear signal processing method is proposed, which sorts out iteratively undesired signal fractions. Automatic Tuning of Positioning Control Systems using Adaptive Filtering Algorithms Jürgen Kirchhof, maxon motor, Switzerland A method for automatic tuning of positioning control systems is presented. It serves both for start-up auto-tuning and for auto-tuning during operation. Starting from a generic model of the plant motor-gear-load, which is parameterizable for a large class of typical loadings, substantial characteristics are identified and modelled. This takes place via simulation using adaptive filtering algorithms. On basis of the identified simple models the PID controllers of a cascade control are designed. Small Signal Frequency-Domain Modelling of Doubly-Ded Induction Machines facing Distorted AC Power Networks Christoph Saniter, Rayk Grune, Rolf Hanitsch, Technical University Berlin, Germany, Alan Wood, University of Canterbury, New Zealand A novel approach to modelling doubly-fed induction machines facing (distorted) ac power networks is presented. It takes place in the frequency-domain and is based on frequency coupling matrices using tensor algebra. Benefits of this comprehensible and fast modelling approach are demonstrated by establishing a feed-forward control signal that reduces stator current harmonics and torque ripples thereby improving the network compability and reducing the stress of the mechanical drive train. Motor and Drives Design Tools Motor Drive Application Configuration Tool Rafael Zalman, Infineon Technologies, Germany This paper introduces a new motor drive code generation/configuration tool, Designware for Integrated Drives (DID),that guides the engineer through several logical steps using configuration windows where the designer can choose the appropriate parameters and characteristics of the selected motor, and then automatically generate motor specific code and configuration files


Detailed Analysis of Electronics for Solenoid Actuator with FEM and Circuit Simulator Jan Sitar, Alexander Dubcek University, Slovakia, Pavol Bauer, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands This paper will give an answer to the question, how the different level of co-simulation influences the results of the investigated system. The co-simulation is based on full data exchance in real time. This allows to simulate both subsystems (electrical and electromechanical) in full detail. E.g. Effects such as saturation of magnetic material, eddy currents and unfluence of the switching behaviour of semiconductor svitches is then not neglected On-line Testing of AC Motor Insulation Quality for Predictive Maintenance Daniel Roger, LSEE - Université d'Artois, France A new on-line non-intrusive monitoring system, able to get information on the aging process of the insulation, is proposed. The principle of this system consists of detecting small variations of the turn to turn capacitances due to the dielectric aging. Statistical data on the remaining life time of the stator winding can be performed by comparison between this measurement and the evolution law of capacitance changes studied in the accelerated aging experiments made on the same enameled wire. Loose Coupling of an Electronic Circuit Simulator with a Thermo-Mechanic Simulator Thomas Vogel, ISKO Engineers, Germany Loose coupling of an electronic circuit simulator with a thermo-mechanic simulator in consideration of significant interactions between individual components of mechatronic systems Energy Storage Investigations of Reliability of Supercaps Heiko Mehlich, Mirko Bodach, Josef Lutz, Technical University Chemnitz, Germany The paper describes a special test station for cycling of different types of supercaps. The caps are cycled in defined set conditions of manufacturers and cycles based on real power time series of mobile or stationary applications. A model for the circuit simulator ANSOFT SIMPLORER® is derived from the investigations of reliability. Modelling of Supercapacitors with a Characterization during Cycling Rizoug Nassim, Ecole Centrale de Lille, France This paper deals with the modelling of supercapacitors using an original method of characterization. These methods allows to have good precision to calculate resistances and capacity which characterize these components. Using these techniques we can make a characterization during cycling without additional tests. For that, a test bench has been developed in our laboratory in order to understand the ageing process of the supercapcitors Power Management in Mobile Electrical Power Sources with Supercaps as Energy Buffer Jan Leuchter, University of Defence, Czech Republic The paper brings some practical results of research devoted to the new generation of mobile electrical power sources, based on the VSCF technology. In this EGS the driving motor and generator speed is optimally controlled in accordance with the load power thus decreasing the fuel consumption. The analysis of dynamic behaviour proved, that the bad dynamical properties of new concept of mobile electrical power sources with VSCF technology can be improved by super-capacitors Alternative Energy Storage Systems for Uninterruptible Power Supplies Marco Piemontesi, GE C&I, Switzerland The objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential of Alternative Energy Storage Systems for UPS as substitute for standard systems based on Pb-batteries and generating sets with engines. These Alternative Energy Storage Systems are analyzed with respect to the most important requirements for UPS applications such as: low initial cost, low maintenance and disposal cost, long life time, high reliability, low volume and weight, low stand-by losses, low environmental impact, etc.


Hybrid Concepts for Automotive Application I Inverter for Electronic Commutated Automotive Motors Marco Pürschel, Andreas Kiep, Infineon Technologies, Germany This paper focuses on the main components of a B6 inverter as commonly used in automotive applications to control a brushless DC motor; the Driver IC and the MOSFET. With the requirements of high current handling capability and highest possible reliability for safety critical applications like electronic power steering the need for high end technologies is obvious. The features of the Driving IC in combination with latest MOSFET technologies will be explained and compared to former solutions Evaluation of Topologies for Bi-Directional DC/DC-converters with Overlapping Input and Output Voltage Ranges Dieter Pelenov, Josef Lutz, Technical University Chemnitz, Hartmut Pröbstle, Jörg Merweth, BMW Group, Germany Various possible automotive applications with DC/DC-converters require special topologies due to overlapping input and output voltage ranges as well as bi-directional energy transfer. Four potential converter topologies are compared. A decision matrix for the choice of topology with regard to a special automotive application is derived. The topology of cascaded boost-buck-converter is regarded as most suitable. Its operation is simulated and verified with experimental results A 100kW Automotive Powertrain DC/DC Converter with 25kW/dm³ by using SiC Bernd Eckardt, Martin März, Fraunhofer IISB, Germany A 100kW bidirektional DC/DC converter for the use in powertrains of hybrid cars is presented. By using SiC Schottky diodes and ultra fast 600V IGBTs, a converter with a switching frequency of 100kHz and an efficiency of up to 97% could be realised. As a result of the high switching frequency and a polyphase concept, an outstanding power density for high voltage DC/DC converters of 25kW/dm³ has been reached. Psi-tronic – a Highly Reliable Power Module for High Temperature Automotive Applications Johann Maier, AB Mikroelektronik, Austria Psi-tronic is a trade name for highly reliable electronic module used in harsh automotive environment designed by AB Mikroelektronik. The mechatronikmodule drives a 3 phase BLDC motor which is combined with the cooling pump of the cooling system. It is the first realised electrically driven water pump integrated in the new 6 cylinder BMW engine.The lecture will give information about the development, the high volume production and quality management processes of this mechatronic product. Magnetics and New Materials Invited Paper A New High Saturation Ferrite increases Switchmode Inductor Energy Density Bruce Carsten, Bruce Carsten Associates, USA The energy density of well designed inductors is proportional to the maximum core flux density, which is limited by saturation at “dc” and by core losses at HF ac. Switchmode dc filter inductors may carry a significant ac ripple current (and flux) to minimize the size of the inductor, which can limit flux density below the saturation limit. A new high saturation ferrite from MMG fills the performance gap between low loss ferrites and the higher saturation, high loss distributed gap materials


Design of Pulsed Power Transformers for Capacitor Discharge Resistance Welding Machines Reinhard Döbbelin, Thoralf Winkler, Andreas Lindemann, Christian Teichert, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany Concerning capacitor discharge resistance welding machines, there is the aim of an further increase of the output currents which are in the kA range. Using the calculation methods of ROGOWSKI and PETROV, it is analysed which degree of decrease of leakage inductance of the applied pulsed power transformers is attainable by means of interleaving of windings. Subsequent circuit simulations show the resulting effect on the maximum value and the waveform of the output current of the welding machine Mutual Interaction between a Harmonic Load and the Feeding Transformer Bernd Steinkühler, Deutsches Kupferinstitut, Germany Harmonic currents cause additional losses in transformers. Vice versa, the transformer inhibits the flow of harmonic currents. It is tried to quantify and assess these mutual effects. A rule of thumb is given to planners and specifiers how to select and dimension a transformer in order to avoid excessive heat loss and overtemperature, especially in practical environments where the quantity of harmonic content is not (yet) known and the formulae in HD 428 can therefore not be applied. Poster Session 25A 1.2kV Clustered Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (CIGBT) in PT Technology Konstantin Vershinin, Mark Sweet, Shankar Ekkanath Madathil, De Montfort University, David Hinchley, Semelab, UK Conventionally it is believed that the advantage of the CIGBT is very significant at high blocking voltages 1700 V and above. In this paper, we discuss the results of further development of CIGBT; in particular performance in low voltage blocking range. Experimental results of 25A, 1.2kV CIGBTs developed under a manufacturing environment are presented and discussed. Electrical behaviour of the device is analysed at both room and elevated temperatures Caveats For Operating Power MOSFETs In Non-Switching Applications Alain Laprade, Alex Craig, Fairchild Semiconductor, USA MOSFET energy dissipation capability is subject to method of dissipation. For a given device, capabilility varies according to whether it is done in clamped, avalanche or linear mode. Capability is also dependent on device technology used Development of New Generation 3.3kV HVIGBT Module Shinichi Iura, Shigeto Fujita, Eisuke Suekawa, Mitsubishi Electric, Masuo Koga, Fukuryo Semicon Engineering, Japan, Eckhard Thal, Mitsubishi Electric Europe, Germany In this paper we deal with a new generation of 3.3kV IGBT modules using our new chip technology called - Light Punch Through High Voltage IGBT, LPT-HVIGBT - and a new package technology. Especially distinguishes in this paper: 1) better performance of new IGBT and new diode 2) improvement of power cycling capability 3) approach to higher operation temperature Threshold Voltage Thermal Coefficient (TVTC) of the Power MOSFET: Theoretical Study, Measures and Simulations Giuseppe Consentino, STMicroelectronics, Italy The threshold voltage thermal coefficient (TVTC) is a very important parameter in order to understand if a MOSFET can safely be used in linear zone operation conditions. This paper explains how the TVTC of power MOSFET can be calculated, taking into account the silicon and gate doping concentration and the thickness of the oxide parameters. A comparison between the simulated and the real data is also performed


Investigation of Turn-Off Behaviour under the Assumption of Linear Capacitances Daniel Kübrich, Thomas Dürbaum, Alexander Bucher, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany Estimation of switching losses is necessary for comparison of topologies. The switching losses of Mosfets are dependant on parasitic components, especially capacitances. In this paper the turn-off transient of a Mosfet in the clamped inductive switching configuration is investigated. The Mosfet is modelled with a simplified arrangement using 3 linear capacitances. The corresponding equivalent linear networks can be solved easily. These results are compared with Spice simulations on Mosfets Practical, Hands on Lab Experience in Addressing Shoot Through in Synchronous Buck Regulators Arthur Black, Jon Gladish, Fairchild Semiconductor, USA Young-Sub Joeng, Fairchild Semiconductor, Korea The synchronous buck regulator is the basic building block for essentially all laptop and desktop CPU supplies. Shoot through is an issue that must be addressed in any design. In this paper, we will discuss the following topics: What are the major implications of having shoot through? How you can identify shoot through from your lab measurements? What you can do to address the problem? Evaluation of Non Punch Through IGBT Technologies for Soft and Hard Switching Applications Sampat Shekhawat, Fairchild Semiconductor, USA We compare planar and trench NPT IGBTs static and dynamic characteristics and evaluate them for UPS, IH (Induction Heating) and Switched Mode Power Supply applications. Some applications need good short circuit withstand time (SCWT) while some need lower condution and switching losses. The new NPT IGBTs reduce both the switching and conduction losses over other 1200V IGBTs and MOSFETs. The turn-off switching loss was reduced by over 40-60% compard to other IGBTs Depletion Stop Trench IGBTs improve Efficiency and Power Density in Appliance Motion Control Applications Vijay Bolloju, Chiu Ng, Ajit Dubhashi, International Rectifier, USA The new Depletion Stop Trench IGBTs have lower VCEON and ETS than the PT and NPT IGBTs. This reduction of both VCEON and ETS ratings enables the trench IGBTs improve efficiency in a wide range of applications. This paper also discusses the key issues involved in replacing PT & NPT IGBTs in the applications. The Gate drive considerations and the interaction of the trench IGBT with HVIC gate drivers in a chipset is also discussed. Temperature Dependence of Silicon Power MOSFETs Switching Parameters Chafic Salame, Lebanese University, Lebanon This study presents measurements of device switching parameters performed on a commercial power MOSFET under high temperature conditions. Results show that the device Toff parameter becomes faster at high temperatures. The inverse drain-source current rapidly increases above the 300 oC limit. I-V curves indicate that the saturation current in the channel increases with temperature The Thermal Heat Sink Interface of IGBT Modules w/o Baseplate. A Comprehensive Experimental Study Peter Kanschat, Thilo Stolze, Infineon Technologies, René Cordes, University of Applied Sciences Südwestfalen, Germany IGBT modules w/o base plate have become a widely accepted platform for power electronics applications up to several kW. For these modules the thermal contact to a heat sink is crucial due to the lack of extensive thermal spreading in a base plate. By means of a newly developed measurement set-up capable of measuring thermal grease thickness and thermal resistance simultaneously the paper investigates the thermal interface between module and heat sink in detail Advanced Double Ended Controller for Resonant Half-Bridge Topology Aldo Novelli, Claudio Adragna, STMicroelectronics, Italy Resonant converters are getting more and more popular because of their high efficiency, low level of noise emissions and compactness. STMicroelectronics has recently expanded their High Voltage IC family specifically designed for industrial and power supply applications with a new double-ended controller specific for resonant half-bridge topology setting new standards of performance and cost-effectiveness


New PWM Controller IC makes the most of Multichip Approach Salvatore Tumminaro, Claudio Adragna, STMicroelectronics, Italy Targeting the most demanding requirements concerning no-load consumption in mains-powered applications, STMicroelectronics has developed the L6668. It is composed of two chips assembled in the same package: the first chip, realized with a high-voltage technology, enables the IC to operate directly from the rectified mains; the second one, realized with a low-voltage technology, controls the operation of the first chip and embeds most of the intelligence of the device. A New and Flexible Control Method for Small Size LCD Backlighting using White LED with High Efficient Charge Pump Technique Sang-Woo Lee, Texas Instruments, Korea A simple and flexible control method for small size LCD backlighting is developed and verified. This proposed control method including a flexible and accurate current source stage for sub, main and keypad backlight with 1.5X mode charge pump technique. This paper provides useful application methods for sub, main, keypad and low cost & weak camera flash of mobile phone. The validity of this paper is confirmed by an experimental clamshell type mobile system. Fast Loss Predicting Prototyping Tools for Power Semiconductors Peter van Duijsen, Simulation Research, Pavol Bauer, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Power semiconductor manufacturers present improved new versions of their successful semiconductors regularly. The losses of the semiconductors are highly dependent on chip temperature and power circuit operation. For a designer to choose between the various offered semiconductors to optimize his design, he needs some help in the form of a simulation tool. Using the simulation tool he can estimate the temperature dependent losses for a typical semiconductor in his particular power circuit A Novel Method for On-Line Monitoring and Managing of Electrolytic Capacitors of DC Voltage Link PWM Converters Hans Ertl, Karl Edelmoser, University of Technology, Austria, Johann W. Kolar, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Switzerland The paper presents a novel unit for monitoring and managing the electrolytic capacitors of DC voltage link PWM converters, e.g., for drive applications. The unit performs an on-line identification of the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the capacitor in order to detect the end-of-life cycle of the component to allow a maintenance of the converter prior to a capacitor failure. The ESR detection scheme is based on capacitor voltage/current measurements in a specific frequency region using a simple single-chip micro controller. The unit is designed as an autonomous system which draws its supply current out of the monitored capacitor. The measurement results of several capacitors are gathered by a simple opto-isolated three-wire bus. In addition to the ESR detection the unit, furthermore, also allows an energy minimized voltage balancing of the individual capacitors if a series connection of several capacitors is employed. Evolution of Copper Cold Plate Technology Kathryn Whitenack, Lytron, USA This paper will review the evolution of a copper cold plate technology. The manufacturing process will be presented along with an overview of the test setup and the thermal performance and pressure drop results for each technology. It will also highlight lessons learned with each design and how the design was modified in the next iteration. The practical benefits and limitations of each technology will also be presented. Optimized Integration of PrimePACK™ into Modular IGBT Stacks with increased Power Density Oliver Schilling, Infineon Technologies, Germany The integration of the new PrimePACK™ module into the existing inverter platform ModSTACK™ is discussed. By means of a combination of module, cooling concept and mounting procedure an optimum usability of the IGBTs is achieved. Different positions and orientations of the IGBT module on the air-cooled heat sink are investigated with respect to the homogeneity of the heat dissipation. A method for reproducible dispensing of the heat-conducting paste is adapted to the new package.


Influence of the Device Housing on Integrated Passives of Power Electronics Stephan Schuh, Manfred Albach, Sascha Thomas, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Germany In the future power converter applications will become more and more important as a part of modern consumer electronics. Using integration technologies the number of construction parts and processes can be reduced. Size reduction or mechanical stabilization may be reasons for mounting device on a metal surface or directly on the device housing. So an analytical model supported by additional measurement which takes this conductive material close to the device into account is presented Control Aspects of Active Clamp Forward Converters Paul Greenland, National Semiconductor, USA Compares and contrasts voltage mode control with current mode control of the active clamp forward converter. Measurements made on converters with identical power stages and filtering are discussed, with details on the practical implementation of the control schemes. Digital Sliding Mode Controller for Serial Parallel Resonant Converter Guillermo Garcia Soto, General Electric Medical Systems, France This work deals with the control of serial parallel resonant converter. It is based on sliding-mode and fuzzy logic approaches. An advantage of the used method is the controller gain calculation simplicity based on the system behavior High Performances Control of Front End Inverter Feeding PM Machines Vito Nardi, University of Cassino, Italy In this paper, a novel approach for modelling and controlling active front-end inverter is proposed, which allows to consider the rectifier and inverter stages as one. In this way, a great simplification of the control architecture is achieved together with an improvements of the overall system performances. In particular, the whole system is considered as one and the same hardware is assumed to be used to control the rectifier and the inverter side. A Programmable Pulse Generator for the Investigation of Dead Time Effects in Half Bridges Matthias Spang, Daniel Kübrich, Thomas Dürbaum, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, Germany A programmable pulse generator is developed to allow for the detailed investigation of dead time effects in switched mode power supplies. For this purpose, a fine adjustment of the dead times must be possible. The pulse generator uses a CPLD to create a preliminary coarse form of the output signals. An additional asynchronous circuit including programmable delay lines permits a finer tuning of the dead times with a step size of about 1 ns. Furthermore, a calibration circuit is included A Flexible and Modular Approach for a High-Current MOSFET/IGBT Driver using Integrated Circuits Andreas Ecklebe, Frank Schremmer, Andreas Lindemann, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany This paper describes the development of a novel gate driver, which is intended to be used for universal prototypebuilding and laboratory setups. In opposite to common solutions a magneto-resistive based coupler is used for the isolation of the drive signals. This gives benefits as size reduction, a low power consumption and a low propagation delay time. The demand of a universal use for discrete transistors and even power modules determines a modular design, which will discussed in detail also Reduced IGBT Conducting Power Losses by Miller Effect Triggered Gate Current Injection Klaus F. Hoffmann, Jens Peter Kaerst, Wolfgang Rexhausen, Philips Medical Systems, Germany An active gate driver for medium power IGBTs is presented. The driver circuit consists of a gate resistive control combined with an additional Miller-effect triggered gate current injection. This gate current injection reduces the Miller plateau of the IGBT and accelerates the conductivity modulation. These effects result in reduced IGBT conducting power losses


A Fail Safe Three-Phase High Voltage Gate Driver for Permanent Magnet AC Washer Motors Cesare Bocchiola, International Rectifier, Italy A permanent magnet motor has higher power density and higher torque-per-amp ratio than an induction motor. A permanent magnet motor has become a vital element for energy efficient appliances including air conditioner, refrigerator and washer. When used with AC inverter circuits, unlike induction motors, it requires additional protections to guarantee inverter's safety, especially when driven in the field weakening range, which is common in automatic washers. In fact, differently from induction machines, PM motor's field is always present and, when in field weakening operation, back electromotive force can be much higher than bulk capacitor's rated one. In case of loss of control, such BEMF can easily bring to inverter's destruction, with annexed fire and mechanical hazard. Control can be lost in case of single failure (i.e. main controller failure for example) but also for such events which , from a Regulations point of view , are not considered failures (i.e. power line brown out for example). To avoid that, a multiple - redundant protection scheme is necessary, which can be easily implemented by allowing the inverter's gate driver to play an active role in case the main controller has lost its capabilities to protect the inverter. Converter for Two-Quadrant with RNSIC and 6 Transistors with Continuous Functionality Dimitrie Alexa, Irinel Valentin Pletea, Goras Tecla Castelia, Chiper Rodica, Alexandrescu Alecxandru, Technical University Gh. Asachi of Iasi, Romania A new converter for two-quadrant is presented. In AC/DC transfer mode it work as a rectifier with near sinusoidal input currents, and in DC/AC transfer mode it works as an inverter with continuous functioning transistors, not PWM Generalized Voltage Balancing Algorithm for Multilevel Flying Capacitor Converters Jose-Ignacio Leon, University of Seville, Spain In multilevel Flying Capacitor Converters (FCC), several capacitor voltage ratios can be considered. A comparison between all possible voltage ratios will be presented. In FCC several redundancies can be studied to control the floating voltages. The control algorithm (very simple and with low computational cost) chooses the switching configuration to minimize the voltage unbalances in average. A voltage balance control comparison between different multilevel converters will be presented A Fast Calculation Tool for the Design of PFC Converters - Method and Application Markus Schmid, Thomas Dürbaum, Daniel Kübrich, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Germany In order to dimension a power-factor correction circuit (PFC) and select suited components it is necessary to know the corresponding current waveforms as well as their rms and average values. As a consequence the paper shows a method to simulate and calculate these currents both in every switching cycle and over a mains half cycle. The predominant advantages of the presented method are firstly the short calculation time and secondly its stability Optimisation under Contraints of a Forward Converter Cherif Larouci, Jan-Paul Didier, ESTACA, France Firstly, a forward converter to be optimised is presented. Then, analytical models for the different optimisation aspects (EMC, volume, loss, thermal and control models) of the studied structure are developed. Theses models will be integrated in a specific optimisation tool to carry out an optimisation procedure. Finally, the optimisation results will be presented and validated by numerical simulation and measurement Auxiliary Power Supplies in Low Power Inverters for Three Phase Tesla's Induction Motors Petar Grbovic, STIE, France This paper describes and proposes auxiliary power supplies that may be employed to feed control and gate drive circuits in a three phase micro inverter for a three phase Tesla’s induction motor. The proposed solutions use bus voltage and output voltage ripple, and the dc link current ripple in the motor converter as primary source of the energy to provide regulated output voltage of approximately 15V at load up to 50mA


Novel Design Approach for POL Buck DC-DC Converters Nicola Femia, Maria Luisa Cruoglio, Gianpaolo Lisi, Antonietta DeNardo, University of Salerno, Fisciano, ITALY Michele Sclocchi, Werner Berns, National Semiconductor GmbH, Munich, Germany A great step ahead has been made over the past years in process technology to enhance performance of power converters; novel topologies and innovative IC control logics have renovate the standard power supply architectures. Nevertheless all these technology improvements are useless without a careful and scrupulous analysis by designer that has to put in practical use these novelties High Frequency Edge Resonant Inverter and DC–DC Converter with Zero Current Soft Switching PWM and PDM Control Schemes Khairy Fathy, Kyungnam University, Korea A new topology of active auxiliary quasi-resonant snubber-assisted voltage source type ZCS-PWM SEPP dc-dc power converter using IGBTs, with is composed of an active auxiliary switched snubber capacitor and two lossless snubber inductors has been proposed and developed. The operation principle, switching mode transitions and the operating characteristics of the PWM controlled soft switching Dc-dc converter have been illustrated and evaluated . Requirements for Existing and Future Point of Load Converters Jess Brown, Vishay Siliconix, UK This paper describes the demands placed on point-of-load (POL) converters across several application areas, including consumer, telecom, computer, and automotive. The paper describes the principal requirements for the current generation of POL converters and also illustrates the requirements for the future and describes how these requirements are being integrated into the feature sets of analog power integrated circuits used as dc-to-dc controllers. Smart Rectifier Control Simplifies Output Synchronous Rectification in DC-DC Resonant Converters Adnaan Lokhandwala, International Rectifier, USA Synchronous rectification at the output has not been considered as a viable solution for series resonant converters today primarily due to the complexity, cost and unsatisfactory performance of existing discrete/integrated solutions. We demonstrate how the Smart Rectifier IC offers a simple, high performance solution for synchronous rectification in resonant converters. System operation is verified on a 16V/120W converter including burst mode during light and no load conditions. Power Supplies with Energy Dosing Nikolay Madzharov, Technical University Gabrovo, Bulgaria The scientific and applied problems treated in the paper are to present the results of the synthesis, analysis, design and study of power supplies with energy dosing. A computer simulation and experimental study allowed to define the ranges of the parameters variation of load and to investigate their performance with energy supply from the sources. The proposed principle of energy control provides a high reliability and flexibility of power supply. Creating Better Avenues of Arc Striking for Inverter Based TIG Welding Applications Arun Kumar Paul, Memco, India Generating Spark at the air gap between weld terminals is a critically needed function for TIG welding applications. Single switch cascaded resonant inverter provides fast, energy efficient, versatile, reliable and predictable plasma state across the gap. Once the switch is on momentarily, it starts a sequence of cascading activities in discrete time phase for charging the burst capacitor which in turn generates high voltage spark for arc initiation Linear Induction Motor Driving using Magnetic Energy Recovery Switch Takanori Isobe, Taku Takaku, Jan Wiik, Ryuichi Shimada, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan This paper describes magnetic energy recovery switch (MERS) and its applications for linear induction motors. The MERS is capacitor controlled by semi-conductor switch and connected to voltage source inverter in series. It can compensate reactive voltage regardless of resonance frequency. Therefore the capacity of the inverter is reduced. Experimental linear induction machine was made and some experiments were carried out and the capacity reduction by MERS is discussed.


Keynote Digital Electronics and Controls for Uninterruptible Power Supplies - From the State of the Art to Future Trends Dr. Silvio Colombi, General Electric Company, Switzerland Design / Modelling Tools Prototyping of Double Fed Induction Machine based Power Generations Systems Using High Performance DSP/FPGA Controller Wlodzimierz Koczara, Bartlomiej Kaminski, Grzegorz Iwanski, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland The laboratorial simulator, presented in the paper, controlled by high performance DSP allows to implement mechanical characteristics of different prime movers. The topology allows to test a different control methods of doubly fed induction generator. A high performance controller was required. In order to handle large number of switching devices and feedback signals, as well as to facilitate control algorithm implementation, system based on floating point DSP and programmable device was used. Modeling of Quasi-Resonant Flyback Converter System with an Additional Variable Off-Time Jing Hu, Infineon Technologies, Singapore A Quasi-resonant flyback converter with an additional variable off-time has a better efficiency than a free-running one. A challenge of this QR flyback converter is the control loop design due to the variable off time. In available papers, the system is modeled based on the critical conduction mode. However, this is not the real case. In this paper the whole System will be modeled taking the additional off-time into consideration. MOSFET Interaction with Magnetics Thomas Winters, Fairchild Semiconductor, USA Study of magnetic and power mosfet interaction beyond first order approximation Software Aided Multi-Domain Design of Electromechanical Actors Wolfgang Meyer, Reinhard Nuscheler, Hans-Georg Herzog, Technical University Munich, Germany To realise a complete redesign of an electromechanical actuator in a very short time, a new design-tool is developed, which guides the engineer through the design. The user will be able to check early whether his expectations are reached under electromagnetic, mechanical and thermal considerations. This is done by a multi-domain design-tool which supports mechanical and thermal conceptions. Decentralized Generation Models for Dynamic Simulation of Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Farms Y. Zhou, P. Bauer, J.A. Ferreira, Delt University of Technology, The Netherlands In order to investigate the integration problems, compromises between details of the models and simulation times have to be made. In this paper, models for balanced and unbalanced three phase systems in dq0 coordinates are presented. Compared with models from Power System Block sets in Mablab/Simulink, the new models are proved to be very fast and accurate enough for electromechanical simulations. Case studies of integral wind farm with these new models will be presented in the full paper.


DSP-Controlled Converter for the Injection of Fuel Cell Power into the Public Grid latest Results and Measurements Frank Bertling, Stefan Soter, University of Dortmund, Germany Adjustable converter for the injection of fuel cell power (cogeneration of electric and thermal energy) into the public grid, improving grid power quality (sinusoidal current injection, grid voltage harmonics compensation, active power setpoint modification and reactive power injection counteracting grid load/generation imbalances (virtual power plant). Islanding detection monitors grid voltage amplitude, frequency, active measurement of the grid impedance employing subharmonic test currents Improvement of Efficiency of Photovoltaic Inverters – Targets, Methods, Limits Mike Meinhardt, SMA Technologie, Germany The PV inverter is of major importance for the energy yield of a PV plant. In addition to the price, the efficiency is the most important criterion in the field of PV inverters and the indicator for technological innovation.The purpose of the paper is to present targets, methods and limits for the future development in the field of the efficiency of PV inverters. Different R&D approaches to achieve improvements in terms of efficiency in the future are introduced. Method of Voltage Control of Variable Speed Four Wires Autonomous Generation System Operating in Unbalanced Load Conditions Grzegorz Iwanski, Wlodzimierz Koczara, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland Four wire stand alone power generation system with doubly fed induction generator is presented. In the voltage control method any mechanical speed sensors estimators, neither the rotor position encoders are not used. During unbalanced load conditions additional part of the control system is used for the voltage asymmetry correction based on the negative sequence components of the voltage vector. Laboratory results presented in the paper proves the correctness of proposed control method. Control Digitally Controlled Power Supplies Design made easy David Figoli, Texas Instruments, USA This presentation provides a practical walk-through for designs of Digitally Controlled Power Supplies. The presentation introduces current DSP technology, and then focuses on important hardware and software considerations. A practical example of a 1000W, Phase shifted ZVS full bridge rectifier with 2 phase interleaved PFC is highlighted to introduce new tools available today to jump from analog to digital approach Improving System Reliablity with Inrush Current Limit Axel Kleinitz, ON Semiconductor, Germany DC-DC Converter Designs tend out to be an extremely difficult approach with an effective Inrush Current Limit function, since the completeley discharged Capacitor at the iput would act as a short circuit at the begining of a POR (Power On Reset) causing significant dmages due to the resulting current peaks. ON Semiconductor's system solution addresses that problem by limiting the inrush current to a maximum constant value and preventing the system from undesired damages. Design and Implementation of a 200MHz Digital Controller for DC-DC Converters Ka Leung, Silicon Laboratories, USA This presentation describes the detailed chip architecture of a monolithic integrated circuit PWM controller and demonstrates its control flexibility. It also describes several examples of digital-control power supply applications. Resource Optimized BiSS Master Interface for High Resolution Encorders Jens Onno Krah, University of Applied Sciences Köln, Germany Most servo drive designers do not like to use special dedicated chips. These drives are usually designed with some FPGA area reserved to realize digital interface logic. This logic can be configured for several digital configuration busses. This paper will describe a resource optimized method to interface high resolution encoders with a BiSS interface to a drive using FPGA and microcontroller technology.


Sensorless Drives Combining INFORM Method, Voltage Model and Mechanical Observer for Sensorless Control of PM Motors in the whole Speed Range including Standstill Manfred Schrödl, Technical University Vienna, Austria The paper presents the combination of a low-speed model (INFORM method) and a specially adapted high speed model (EMF model) for covering the full speed range of sensorless PM synchronous motor drives. A special feedback loop is introcuded, coupling back the observer information to the integrating voltage model. Thus, a stable operation with high robustness against the new approach. Sensorless Control of IPMSM Seamlessly Covering Entire Speed Range without Rotor Position Sensor Roman Filka, Peter Balazovic, Freescale Semiconductor, Czech Republic This paper covers vector control of PMSM without mechanical speed/position transducer. Proposed algorithm allows sensorless motor operation throughout the entire speed range including zero speed. Initial rotor position estimation followed by seamless transition from low to higher operation speed is presented in the paper. Proposed solution is suitable for broad range of industrial, appliance and even automotive applications. Observer-Based Speed Estimation for Linear Motor Control Stephen Beineke, Alexander Bähr, Lust Antriebstechnik, Germany Linear motors are replacing rotatory motors in many applications. Because the linear motor is integrated into mechatronic machine designs and acts directly on the process, the performance of the motion control has a crucial impact on machine efficiency and product quality. This paper presents different observer structures providing highly dynamic speed signals with low noise. Signals from optical and magnetic position encoders and an acceleration sensor are used. The paper presents experimental results achieved on a linear drive with an industrial servo controller. Closed Loop Control of Speed Sensorless Drive with Motor Filter Jaroslaw Guzinski, Gdansk University of Technology, Poland In the paper new method for closed loop control of speed sensorless electric drive with motor filter will be presented. When sophisticated methods for speed sensorless control are used filter should be add into consideration in control scheme. In a paper a simple method for modyfication of control algorithms is presented. Advanced Power Modules Influence of Parameter Distribution and Mechanical Construction on Switching Behaviour of Parallel Connected IGBT Arendt Wintrich, Jair Nascimento, Michael Leipenat, Semikron, Germany Semiconductor parameter variation, parasitic elements and mechanical construction influence the dynamic behaviour of parallel connected IGBT. The effects are demonstrated with a combination of measurements in intentional unbalanced setting of a chopper circuit and simulations. Theoretical worst case considerations of parameter variation are set in relation to measured parameter distribution from production tests and the probability of the existence of such devices High Power IGBT Modules with improved Mechanical Performance and advanced 3.3kV IGBT3 Chip Technology Thomas Schütze, Infineon Technologies, Germany Infineon is launching the next generation IGBT modules ‘IHM-B’, incorporating progresses in housing design, material and mounting technology. Enabling higher thermal and electrical utilization paired with compatibility to the existing design was the development target. The qualification for operation at elevated junction temperature, comparative electrical measurements, thermal as well as loss simulations and results of frequency as well as cycling tests will be presented.


Influence of Thermal Cross Coupling at Power Modules Ralf Ehler, Ernö Temesi, Zsolt Gyimothy, Tyco Electronics, Hungary The paper describes the increase of the junction temperature of power-semiconductors due to the cross-coupling of the Rth of components placed close to each other. It will be explained how different module-structures, like baseplate-less modules, modules with baseplate, material-thicknesses and different materials influence the junction temperature of semiconductors The Performance of New IGBT Chip Technology - Soft Switching and Low Conduction Losses for Cost Efficient Inverter Design Thomas Grasshoff, Semikron International, Germany The performance of new IGBT chip generations is a major opportunity together with modern IGBT packaging technologies to achieve a cost efficient inverter design. Especially low losses and a soft switching behavior are essential characteristics of the new IGBT generations. There is also the trend towards higher switching frequencies, higher power and higher temperatures new IGBT modules have to support Advanced Control in Motion Systems Feedforward Control of Multi-Input Multi-Output MIMO Systems using Non Parametric Modelling Carsten Hamm, Wolfgang Papiernik, Siemens, Hammad Ahmad, Technical University Hamburg-Harburg, Germany Control systems rely on model based feedforward to improve the transient response time. One way to characterize the dynamic behaviour of a system is its impulse response. Like a frequency response, it contains the dynamic information of the input output behaviour. Thus, the input sequence needed to generate a desired output signal can be computed by deconvolution. The feedforward method described in this paper increases the productivity and achieves an excellent trajectory tracking Delay Time Compensation in the Current Control Loop of Servo Drives; Higher Bandwidth at no Trade-off Heiko Schmirgel, University of Applied Sciences Cologne, Germany Compensation of time lags in the current control loop of a servo drive applying the concept of the smith predictor makes it possible to substantially increase the bandwidth of a servo amplifier without increasing the switching frequency. A closed loop current control loop bandwidth of 5kHz is now achievable for a servo drive with 16kHz power stage switching frequency Robust H-Infinity-Optimal P/PI Cascade Control for a Two-Mass System Karsten Peter, Matthias Joost, University Bremen, Germany Controlling a two-mass system is a common problem in industrial automation. The control difficulty is caused by varying or even unknown parameters. Complex structures and the mathematical theory prevent modern robust controllers from the usage. In this work the structure of the controller is a common structure of a popular P/PI cascade control. However, the desired parameters of the robust control are calculated by a genetic algorithm with respect to the H-infinity Norm. Technique to reduce Quiescent Power in High Speed, High Voltage, Piezoelectric Drives Sam Robinson, Apex Microtechnology, USA Amplifiers for driving high voltage, high speed piezos traditionally dissipate very high quiescent power. The new amplifier topology described here reduces quiescent power dissipation by an order of magnitude or more.


Fast Switching Devices Advanced Physics based Modeling of Power MOSFET Devices Performance in a Synchronous Buck Converter Christopher Kocon, Jon Gladish, Ashok Challa, Fairchild Semiconductor, USA Analysis of performance of advanced trench Power MOSFETs in synchronous Buck converter using physics based simulation is being proposed. This approach accounts for MOSFET losses due to both the primary as well as secondary parameters, such as the influence of parasitic inductance on MOSFET switching performance. Special attention in this paper is given to the optimization of the circuit and the MOSFET performance in preventing shoot through, reducing body diode loss, and optimum device size. Smart Rectifier enables Higher Efficiency in Synchronous Rectification Flyback Circuits Maurizio Salato, International Rectifier, USA New IR proprietary Smart Rectifier control IC enable simple implementation of Synchronous Rectification function in power supplies. The new voltage based technique allows proper device management through drain to source differential voltage sense only; smart logic implementation addresses CCM, DCM and CrCM mode of operations in flyback topologies applications. The 8 pin only device enhance overall system performances enabling higher system power density. Practical Analysis of SiC-JFETs for a Power Converter Application Alvaro Orellana, University Erlangen, Germany This work presents diverse measurements of SiC-JFETs with a corresponding analysis of static and dynamic power losses, including temperature and capacitance influence. The feasibility of this new power semiconductor to be used in a high-frequency commutated power converter of some kVA without forced cooling, replacing directly the well-known IGBTs and freewheeling diodes, is also analysed. High Voltage Trends: Single Crystal Diamond Applied to Schottky Diodes Dinesh Chamund, Paul Taylor, Tony Garraway, Dynex Semiconductor, UK Silicon semiconductor material has reach the theoretical limits especially application requirements of higher operating temperature (> 200¢XC), higher blocking voltages, higher switching frequencies, higher power density, better efficiency and reliability. This paper highlights the advantages of using diamond as an alternative power semiconductor material and reports on some progress made on the fabrication of Schottky Barrier Diode including test results for static and dynamic characteristics. DC/DC Power Conversion Emulated Current Mode (ECM) Control Robert Bell, National Semiconductor, Germany Current mode control provides inherent line feed-forward, cycle-by-cycle current limiting and ease of loop compensation. However, current mode controlled buck regulators often suffer from noise sensitivity challenges. The use of an emulated control ramp reduces noise sensitivity of the pulse-width modulation circuit, allowing reliable control of very small duty cycles necessary in high input voltage applications A New Monolithic Regulator for Portable Equipment manages High Efficiency Buck-Boost Conversions Massimiliano Merisio, Luigi Pistoni, STMicroelectronics, Italy The paper details the main features, performance results and application of a new buck-boost converter for portable equipment. Particular attention is addressed to the innovative architecture that allows a soft and automatic transition from buck to boost operation.


A new Interleaved Multi-Channel DC/DC Converter Specially dedicated to Low Voltage, High Current Applications Blaise Destraz, Alfred Rufer, Philippe Barrade, EPFL, Switzerland A supercapcitive power assistance system is incorporated in an electrical scooter. A dedicated DC/DC converter has been built - the converter is composed of 8 interleaved channels, each operating in a discontinuous mode and using the propriety of the MOS reverse conduction. Currents up to 250A (18 V) are supported by the converter. The efficiency has been maximized while volume and weight have been minimised. Efficiencies up to 96.3 % have been measured with the prototype High Efficient Power Chokes for Converters Jan Rossel, Kaschke, Germany Inverter and DC DC converter in the performance class 2.5 kW up to 10 kW are used in different applications. Output chokes for this kind of application are typically based on various soft magnetic materials. Introducing the new KLL design, it is possible to create new high efficient power chokes for converter, a simplification of the thermal management by smaller heat development as well as an increase of efficiency with same construction volume Poster Session Increased Efficiency Three-Level Inverter Topology for Low Voltage Applications Bart Kaminski, Wlodzimierz Koczara, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland, Nazar Al-Khayat, Newage AVKSEG, UK Three-level inverter topology for low-voltage application is proposed. The main advantages of the concept when compared to other three-level topologies are: smallest conduction losses and element count. Regulation of a Three-Phase Power Supply with Unsymmetrical Load Harald Hofmann, Dieter Gerling, University of Bundeswehr Munich, Germany Conventional inverters are designed for symmetrical three phase load or for a single phase load. For unsymmetrical load a neutral conductor is necessary. To provide a power supply for unsymmetrical three phase load a conventional inverter which consists of three half bridges was supplemented with a fourth half bridge concerning the neutral conductor. The paper describes a method of controlling of the four half bridges. Design of Average Current Mode Control with Limited DC Gain Based Redundant Paralleled Multiphase VRM Santanu Mishra, Steve Zhou, George Schuellein, International Rectifier, USA The paper discusses the application of limited DC gain average current mode control to achieve good current sharing in a low droop, true redundant, parallel VRM system. The VRMs feature Oring Mosfets for improved efficiency and local sensing for tighter voltage regulation under fault. A 3.3 V/140 A system with two-multiphase VRMs is designed. Experimental results confirm the current sharing within 10 % at full load. Local sensing reduces the output voltage dip by half during over-voltage fault. Application of Series Connected Current Phase Control Switches for Power Factor Correction Jan Wiik, Takanori Isobe, Taku Takaku, Tadayuki Kitahara, Pyuichi Shimada, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan This paper describes a new method for power factor correction using series connected current phase control switches. The suggested device is a bi-directional switch which is capable of storing magnetic energy and is called a Magnetic Energy Recovery Switch(MERS). The advantages of this device are described in context to existing power factor correction devices, and they are verified with an experimental setup including a MERS and an inductio


A New Combo IC Simplifies Lighting Ballast Desgin Luca Salati, Luca Giussani, STMicroelectronics, Massimiliano Gobbi, Antonello Masseroni, Misarc, Italy A new control IC has been designed by STMicroelectronics, including both PFC and half-bridge sections, which embeds a wide range of features to provide a flexible and cost effective solution for electronic ballasts. An innovative circuitry allows an improved control of the lamp voltage during ignition as well a protection against failures due to lamp ageing. Digital Ballast with PFC for Fluorescent Tube Lamps Fully Digitally Controlled by 8-bit Microcontroller Ales Loidl, STMicroelectronics, Czech Republic Paper describes digitally controlled ballast for fluorescent tube lamps designed to show that a tube lamp and power factor could be fully and safely controlled by only a single 8-bit microcontroller and still fulfills all required international standard Improvement of High Voltage Power Supply Performances for Mass Spectrometer Aurika Janulyte, Dominique Lafore, Pascal Mestre, Ecole Généraliste d'Ingénieurs de Marseille, France On this article, we propose an improvement of high voltage power supply performances for mass spectrometer. It is a matter of a particular mass spectrometer s power supply. The signals applied to the electrodes of mass spectrometer are constituted of composition of several voltages: DC low voltage and AC high voltage at 250kHz. The actual electronic device produces the signal, with amplitude +-200V. We propose several solutions to supply the mass spectrometer with maximum voltage +-800V Analytical Calculation of Stray Fields Created by Ferrite Rods in EMI Suppression Applications Alexander Stadler, Manfred Albach, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany In this paper the external magnetic stray field is investigated in ferrite rods. An analytical method is used in which the field distribution is calculated by means of orthogonal expansion. Further the influence of various parameters such as winding position, diameter and length of the rod on the radiated magnetic field is discussed and verified by measurements. Based on the results, basic rules are given that need to be followed when using ferrite rods in EMI suppression applications. The Improved (Optimized) Half Bridge Leg Karl Edelmoser, Technical University Vienna, Austria The requirement of higher output signal quality, reduced size and weight as well as improved power density forces the design engineer to increase the switching frequency into the range of up to several hundred kilohertz, which only can be realized using optimized MOSFET topologies. To overcome this drawback, several solutions have been presented in the past. In this paper a novel method is presented which helps to avoid the known disadvantages of the body diode Fault Diagnosis and Condition Monitoring of Power Electronic Systems in Automotive Applications Ranjit Jayabalan, Babak Fahimi, University of Texas at Arlington, USA Advancements in high-power semiconductor technology have opened new avenues for power-electronic converters in safety critical automotive applications. Faults in such application specific solid-state converters can lead to fatal consequences compared to their mechanical counter-parts. Use of statistical moments not only detects system malfunction, but provides information on device under fault & nature of fault. Accurate knowledge of same allows appropriate action to avoid escalation of fault.


Dual Two-Level Converter for Three-Phase Six-Wire Loads with Source Power Balancing Claudio Rossi, University of Bologna, Italy A multilevel converter topology feeding three-phase open-end winding loads is considered. The scheme is based on two insulated dc supplies, each one feeding a standard two-level, three-phase inverter. A three-phase, six wires load is connected across the output terminals. A new modulation technique able to regulate the sharing of the output power between the two dc sources within each switching cycle is presented. The system is proposed for low voltage battery powered electric vehicles. On a Variable Reluctance Synchronous Motor Circuit-Field Mathematical Model Bogdan Ionut Tataranu, Ioan Adrian Viorel, Claudia Martis, Technical University of Cluj Napoca, Romania For the variable reluctance synchronous motor, named and synchronous reluctance motor, the rotor magnetic asymmetry imply an increase in the harmonic content of the motor air-gap flux density, and consequently an increased harmonic content of the stator induced EMF. The harmonics calculus proposed here is built on the field-harmonic theory.The paper presents an analytical description of the harmonic response of a variable reluctance synchronous motor, validated by experimental measurement Highest Efficiency Induction Motors for Integrated Fans, Benefits for Customers and World Climate Peter Janky, Ziehl-Abegg, Germany efficiency, ac-drives, copper rotor, frequency inverter supply, fans Stand-Alone Double-Excited Synchronous Generator operating on a Variable Load Ioan-Adrian Viorel, Daniel Fodorean, Adrian Viorel, Lorand Szabo, Technical University of Cluj, Romania A series double excited synchronous generator (DESG) was designed, constructed and tested. The main DESG dimensions and parameters, its steady-state model and the obtained results are given in the paper. All the results stand by to prove that such a generator may be a valuable solution in isolated electric energy generating systems Small Household Appliances and Hand-Held Power Tools driven by Single-Switch Chopper Configuration using SAFeFET™ Rosario Gulino, STMicroelectronics, Italy For unidirectional operation, the single-switch chopper configuration is the most cost effective solution, compared to a phase-angle drive, to control the motor’s speed and torque. Tool makers continually strive to increase the efficiency of their equipments still keeping the final product at a very low cost. For portable tools, the new SAFeFET™ (Simple Added Features FET) family from STMicroelectronics improves the system performances still maintaining the advantages of the lower price solution Direct Drive PM Washer Motor driven by a new Sinusoidal Sensorless Controller IC and a Gate Driver with High Voltage Protection Marco Palma, International Rectifier, Italy, Ulli Resch, International Rectifier, Germany, Seok Joon Hong, Toshio Takahashi, International Rectifier, USA Direct Drive PM motors are being widely applied in inverter-driven washers worldwide. A key advantage is the mechanical simplicity obtained by eliminating the pulley belt and gear box. A potential issue is that of excessively high bus voltage if the system fails in the deep field weakening range of operation. This paper introduces a unique chipset consisting of a sinusoidal sensorless controller IC and a companion high voltage IC specially designed to advanced washer application issues. Flexible Mechanical Setup with Tunable Backlash and Friction Sebastian Villwock, University Siegen, Germany This paper deals with the design of a flexible laboratory setup for the inves-tigation of different mechanical effects. The realization of two- or three-mass-systems including different types of friction as well as adjustable backlash is possible. The setup allows detailed investigations of ei-ther one of the effects or any combination of them which usually occur in industrial plants


Estimation of the Runners Motion in a Polysolenoid-Linear-Motor Johannes Teigelkötter, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Germany A new method for estimating the runners position of a polysolenoid machine is presented. The main idea is based on a calculation of the runners movements by means of a real time machine model that interprets the stator values of current and voltage. It's a great opportunity for the user to monitor the runners motion in an easy way without a measurement system Fuzzy Logic Controller with Application to Induction Machine Drives Irinel Valentin Pletea, Cepareanu Dan Dorin, Technical University Gh. Asachi of Iasi, Moscalu Mihaiela, University Gr. T. Popa, Romania This paper introduces a simplified method to realize the inference in a fuzzy logic controlled system. A usual A/D converter both with some software are used to provide the digital fuzzy form of the input variables as a simplified replacement of the regular A/D conversion followed up by a software fuzzification. Furthermore, the most appropriate inference structure and membership functions are presented The Mathematical Model of Induction Machine with Variable Mutual-Flux Inductance Andrzej Popenda, Technical University Czestochowa, Poland Author proposes adapting Butterworth’s low-pass filter characteristic to represent a nonlinear dependence between the mutual-flux inductance and magnetizing current in mathematical model of induction machine. A small modification of Butterworth’s polynomial allows obtaining the optional slope of an IM idle running curve. Proposed by author representation of main magnetic path saturation does not complicate significantly the IM mathematical model Developing Control Techniques for Two-Coordinate Planar Positioning Systems by Means of Coupled Advanced Simulation Tools Lorand Szabo, Ioan-Adrian Viorel, Technical University of Cluj, Romania, Peter van Duijsen, Simulation Research, The Netherlands The modular doubly salient PM variable reluctance planar motor is successfully used for precise material positioning in flexible manufacturing systems. To optimize the control, three simulation platforms are coupled: ANSYS, CASPOC and SIMULINK. Using the coupled simulation, the control is optimized for dynamic performance and torque ripple due to the power electronics switching. All the obtained results are in good accordance with the theoretical expectations and with the laboratory tests. Free Piston Engine Starting Using Position Feedback Control Scheme and Low Frequency PWM Inverter Ahmad Eid, Hyun-Woo Lee, Kyungnam University, Korea, Mutsuo Nakaoka, Kyungnam University, Japan The paper provides a novel and efficient method to start the linear engine from dead stop to its final steady state operation. This method depends mainly to use the linear generator mounted on the shaft of the linear engine to provide the required force to move and oscillate the linear engine. The control circuit and the power conditioner used are explained in the paper. Robustness Analysis of the Closed-Loop Stepping Motor Positioning Systems using Variable-Structure Controllers Csaba Szasz, Technical University of Cluj, Romania The paper explores the feasibility for implementing a position controller based on the variable control structure for the vector controlled PM-hybrid stepping motor. Detalied computer-aided simulations and experimental results are presented in the paper to prove the feasibility of the theoretical approaches, and the good dynamic performances of the motor. ZigBee in Industrial Applications Jürgen Fechner, Infineon Technologies, Singapore Wireless ZigBee can be used in dynamically changing industrial sites where equipment gets frequently moved around or on temporary industrial sites. Wires are frequently broken and therefor it is more convenient to use wireless links.


Analytical Description of the Synchronous Machine Frequency Response for Diagnosis Purposes Claudia Martis, Bogdan Tataranu, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania This article presents a complete analytical description of the synchronous machine frequency response for diagnosis purposes. The stator and rotor currents and the leakage flux are important elements to study in order to define the behavior of the synchronous machine with and without defaults, and can provide a model-based approach of the fault detection in synchronous machine. An experimental validation of the proposed analytical approach is provided. Remote Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics Technologies in Electromecanical Systems Horia Hedesiu, Claudia Martis, Silviu Folea, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania The paper presents the results of some R&D projects, developed and oriented to graphical programming for small size nodes and distributed measurements nodes, applicable to MCM. Due to enhanced communication capabilities, these measurement networks will support smooth operation of electromechanical systems, having increased efficiency on design and maintenance Claw-Poles Machines in the Power Systems based on Renewable Resources Nicolae-Florin Jurca, Claudia-Steluta Martis, Karoly Agostan Biro, Claudiu Oprea, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania This paper describes a simple analysis of the synchronous claw pole generators, realized using the 3D FEM analysis, the Maxwell program and the Matlab-Simulink environment. This analysis is used in order to obtain a new appropriation of this type of generator in the hybrid power systems (aeolian and hydroelectric) based on renewable resources Modular DC/DC-Converter Concept for a “Multistorage” Hybridsystem Thilo Bocklisch, Lars Graube, Wilfried Hofmann, Technical University Chemnitz, Germany A novel concept for a “multistorage” hybridsystem consisting of a fuel cell, a supercapacitor and a battery is introduced. Results gained from experiments and simulations during the design phase of a 1,5kW DC/DC converter module are presented. Questions concerning the optimization of efficiency and current ripples are discussed. The applicability of the “multistorage” concept for small electric vehicles as well as photovoltaic hybridsystems is demonstrated. Control System for a 350KW Switched Reluctance Drive in Kinetic Energy Storage System Cristina Vázquez, CIEMAT, Spain This paper presents the control system for the switched reluctance drive of a 500kVA/200MJ KESS module of a 3200MJ flywheel farm used for peak shaving in high speed railway substations. Our design employs a modular architecture with several mP boards connected through a canbus network. Major advantages of this concept are short cycle times, high connectivity and convenience for mantenaince and debugging. Control algorithms are introduced and the overall system control strategy is discussed Benefits and Technologies of Flexible AC Transmission Systems Prachi Mohite, PES College of Engg. India Commercially available FACTS technologies can be divided into two main branches: Dynamic shunt compensation and series compensation. As indicated in the expressions, the former is connected in shunt with the power system, and the latter in series. Both technologies have been applied in several hundred installations around the world. The Study for the Advanced Direct Load Control(DLC) Program to prepare coming Competitive Power Market Seung Kwon Yang, Korea Electric Power, Korea 1. The study for the role changing of current DLC program in Korea during the process of power industry deregulation. 2. The improvement of current DLC program to prepare coming power competitive market in Korea. 3. The optimization of current DLC program to cope with the power competitive market in the future, compared with the examples of U.S.A.,considering major environmental factors in Korea


Comparison of First Harmonic Approximation with exact Solution in case of a Series Resonant Converter Alexander Bucher, Thomas Dürbaum, Daniel Kübrich, Friedrich-Alexander University, Germany For higher power levels a series resonant converter is a feasible solution for many applications as ZVS is possible. This paper describes and compares two kinds of analysis methods for the SRC. The exact solution of the waveforms can be obtained for idealized components using state plain analysis. Another method is the first harmonic approximation. All waveforms are considered as purely sinusoidal and thus a complex AC-analysis delivers easily understandable terms for the peak and rms values Fast and Reliable Average IGBT Simulation Model with Heat Transfer Emphasis Krzysztof Mainka, Technical University of Opole, Poland, Joachim Aurich, Univrsity of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Michael Hornkamp, Infineon Technologies, Germany In this paper is introduced in new IGBT modeling approach using explicit power injection by multidimensional approximation based on measurement data, so the power consumption and heat calculation is correct in a wide range of operation. The paper will provide a practice-oriented introduction into this new IGBT power module simulation especially for drive applications, resonant circuits, chopper application as well as switching mode power supplies. Modelling and Simulation of Low Voltage Trench Gate MOSFETs Melanie Lübbers, Technical University Ilmenau, Germnay This paper presents a simple event-controlled model for low voltage trench gate MOSFETs with integrated body-diode. Simulations of commutating MOSFETs in a half-bridge are carried out considering the parasitic switching environment. A comparision of simulated and measured traces are done. A total switching loss analysis for a buck converter is presented. Rapid Prototyping of Real Time DSP Based Shunt Active Power Filter using Automatic Embedded Code Generation Engin Özdemir, Metin Kesler, Mehmet Ucar, Kocaeli University, Turkey This paper presents rapid prototyping of a real time Digital Signal Processor (DSP) based Active Power Filter (APF) using automatic embedded code generation. This development environment involves the design of the DSP control algorithm using Matlab, automated model based embedded code generation, and downloading of executable code to the DSP board. Performance results show that embedded code generation using development environment for APF control algorithm is highly efficient and the development cycle time is greatly reduced, resulting in lower development cost Implementation of an Innovative Position Estimation Algorithm for PMS Motor with Hall Sensors on an Automotive Microcontroller Jiri Ryba, STMicroelectronics, Czech Republic The paper describes implementation of the sinusoidal control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor. A rotor position estimation is designed in order a low cost sensor signal could be used. The estimation of rotor position is based on the rotor speed as well as on the acceleration Keynote The Industrial and Research Network for Power Electronics in Europe Thomas Harder, ECPE European Center for Power Electronics, Germany ECPE European Center for Power Electronics was founded in 2003 on the initiative of leading power electronics industries as an industrial and research network for power electronics in Europe. The focus of ECPE activities is put on research, education and advanced training as well as public relations for power electronics in Europe. ECPE is driving precompetitive joint research in power electronics financed from an industrial research fund. This paper gives an overview and presents first results from the ECPE Demonstrator Programs

• System Integrated Drive for Hybrid Traction in Automotive, • Industrial Drives – System Integration, • Power Supplies with Ultra-High Power Density.

Furthermore, a European initiative of academia and industry to jointly develop power electronics research and technology roadmaps is introduced, with a medium to longterm perspective up to 15 years.


Special Converter Concepts Implementing both Power Line Communication and Power Electronics Systems using a Single DSP Controller Mohammed Arefeen, Texas Instruments, USA This presentation is a practical walk-through on the implementation details of a power line communication modem for power electronics systems like motor drives, dimmable ballast control, e-metering etc. It will describe how to implement both the modem and the power electronics system using only one DSP controller, introducing current DSP technology, and then focuses on important hardware and software considerations. The complete system is examined together with DSP interfacing Development and Experimental Analysis of a 20kW 3-Level Converter Salvador Ceballos, Robotiker, Spain This paper will show an analysis of the features of a multilevel converter, mainly efficiency and harmonic distortion. Firstly, there is a brief revision of the current state of art, regarding multilevel topologies and modulation techniques. Next, a control scheme and a tuning process, validated by means of Matlab-Simulink models are shown. Finally, the advantages of this kind of converter, mainly related to power quality and efficiency are experimentally analysed on a real multilevel platform. Matrix Converter with High Performance Signal Processing for Contactless Energy Transmission Daniel Kürschner, Rudolf Mecke, Institute for Automation and Kommunikation Magdeburg, Germany The use of a matrix converter for contactless energy transmission systems avoids electrolytic DC link capacitors, reduces conduction losses and enables sinusoidal line currents and a 4-quadrant operation. In his application as a feeding converter a high output frequency is required (>100 kHz) to improve the transferable electric power and the efficiency of contactless magnetic systems. At this frequencies high-grade signal processing elements are needed to realise special control techniques A Peak at the Future; Extreme Power Density for Core Converters Alan Elbanhawy, Fairchild Semiconductor, USA Core converters have been moving towards ever increasing higher currents placing enormous demands on the designers to improve the efficiency by reducing losses and implementing the design in ever shrinking footprints. This design addresses both of these two challenges successfully. This paper will give the designer a fresh new approach for implementing their power designs without any sacrifices in performance or PCB footprints Wind Energy A Comparison of Control Strategies for Grid Converters in Wind Power Systems Remus Teodorescu, Frede Blaabjerg, Florin Iov, Aalborg University, Denmark In this paper different control strategies for the grid converter in wind power systems are analyzed and compared by means of computer simulations.The practical example of a 2MW wind turbine with full-scale grid converter splitted in 4 identical modules is considered. The whole system including real grid and transforemer is simulated using Simulink. The following control strategies for the grid converter are considered: Voltage Oriented Control (VOC) with synchronous PI-dq control, VOC with stationary P-Resonant control, Virtual Flux Oriented Control(VFOC) , Direct Power Control (DPC) with Space Vector Modulation (SVM), Virtual Flux Direct Power Control (VFDPC) with SVM and Adaptive Band Hysteresys (ABH). All these control strategies have been implemented using Simulink and a comparative analysis has been performed focusing on: grid current THD, ability to run properly at voltage variations in the range 80-120% and frequency variations 45-54Hz, DC-voltage control, and non-ideal grid, i.e. up to 8% voltage THD and up to 3% unbalance.


Design, Manufacturing, and Testing of an Innovative Permanent Magnet Generator for Wind Energy Generation Jose Luis Villate, Robotiker, Spain Design, manufacturing and testing of a PM low speed generator to be used in a test bench for power electronics developments in wind energy. It consists in a direct drive generator scaled down from actual size machines of wind turbines. Its main features are: 15 kVA, 120 rpm, 20 Hz, 3 or 6 phases, excitation by NdBFe PM, outer rotor supported by several bearings. The stator Winding has multi connection to give various phase number and voltages to different Configurations of power electronics Riding through Grid Faults with Modified Multiscalar Control of Doubly Fed Asynchronous Generators for Wind Power Systems Andrzej Geniusz, Stephan Müller, Newage AVK SEG, Germany The doubly fed asynchronous generator (DFAG) fed by a frequency converter is a standard application for wind power systems. In the last years the fast increase of wind power required new international grid codes demanding ride-through operation during fault conditions. The Modified Multiscalar Control of DFAG was introduced as a new alternative to the field-oriented control. Simulations and measurements of a DFAG system based on Modified Multiscalar Control during the voltage-sags are presented. Investigation of External and Internal Triggered Outages in Wind Park Installations Detlef Schulz, Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg, Germany This contribution deals with the handling of very common failures and the discussion of outages of wind parks. Often wind energy converters (WECs) with doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) are located in wind parks. Measurements were conducted over a period of time of some months in order to find the tripping source for a high number of WEC-outages in different wind parks. The system overview, a failure detection approach, measurement results and practical conclusions are presented. Development of a 50-kW Power Conversion System using MERS to Improve a Wind Turbine Generator Taku Takaku, Jan Wiik, Yoshiyuki Uchida, Ryuichi Shimada, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Seiki Igarashi, Fuji Electric Device Technology, Japan This paper describes experimental results of the comparison of the 50-kW MERS system with the conventional back-to-back PWM converter. MERSs are inserted in series between a wind turbine generator and a rectifier. By applying MERS to a synchronous generator, the output voltage is raised by compensating for the reactance voltage drop and the overload capability is improved. The experimental results show that the application of MERS makes possible a compact and low-cost wind turbine system. Motors and New Drives Schemes Fault-Tolerant 20-slot 18-pole 5-Phase Motor Michele Dai Prè, University of Padova, Italy This paper deals with the design of a 20-slot 18-pole 5–phase permanent magnet motor for a fault–tolerant system. Both double– and single–layer windings are taken into account. Considerations of motor operations in presence of one–phase or two–phase fault are reported. Motor performance, maximum short–circuit currents of the faulty phase, braking torque are investigated. Simulations and experimental results are used to determine the optimun control. Wound Rotor Salient Pole Synchronous Machine Drive for Traction Application Claudio Rossi, University of Bologna, Italy A drive based on a Wound Rotor Synchronous Machine is proposed as traction system of heavy electric vehicles. The main features of the proposed drive system are the capability to generate high torque at low speed without excessive overload of the stator windings and to operate theoretically at constant power until unlimited speed. The motor control strategy is analyzed by means of a linear model of the machine and then it has been extended to non linear operating conditions.


Design and Control of Transverse Flux Machine Nejila Parspour, Uwe Werner, Bernd Orlik, University Bremen, Germany This paper describes the steps of a method for designing a permanent magnet excited transverse flux machine and a control strategy for reducing ripples in the torque shape. The design is based on the development of both analytical and numerical models. In addition optimized current waveform strategies are implemented in a current control unit as a basis for the speed control. A 10 kW machine has been built. Results obtained on the prototype test stand will be presented. Sinusoidal and Trapezoidal PMSM Drives for Automotive Applications: A Comparative Characterization Dorin Iles-Klumpner, Maccon, Ioan Serban, ebm-papst St. Georgen, Germany, Ion Boldea, University Politehnica Timisoara, Romania The aim of the study described by the paper is to compare sinusoidal and trapezoidal PMSM and drives for automotive applications. The design issues for the motors, and explanatory finite elements analysis results are illustrated. The simulations of the control systems and power electronics have been ran and the results are presented and discussed. Prototypes have been built and tested. Experimental results, including comparative trapezoidal and sinusoidal control are presented and commented. Hybrid Concepts for Automotive Application II ECPE - Power Electronics for Electric Hybrid Vehicles Nobert Seliger, Eckhard Wolfgang, Siemens Corporate Technology, Rainer Knorr, Siemens VDO Automotive, Germany ECPE - Hybrid Technology and Global Strategy of an Automotive OEM Maurizio Cisternino, General Motors Powertrain Europe, Italy On a global basis prime driver for hybrids introduction is fuel economy but each region has specific desired benefits determining variety of architectures which will offer best value to the customer. The key issue for market introduction is cost reduction; hybrid demand is increasing in US and Japan with forecasted 5% share in 2008. In Europe the widespread acceptance of Diesel engines is contributing to slow down Hybrids growth. Hybrids are the stepping-stone towards Fuel Cell Comparative Study of Power Electronics Converters associated to Variable Speed Permanent Magnet Alternator in Automotive Tounsi Bayram, Stéphan Astier, LEEI Toulouse, France A comparative study of various solutions for an energy conversion system including a permanent magnet alternator driven at variable speed on a large range. The aim is to optimize an autonomous electric generation set for automotive applications like vehicle air-conditioning. Both permanent magnet machines and power electronics structures are considered. Advanced EMI Concepts Parasitic Effects in EMI Filters Eckart Hoene, Fraunhofer IZM, Germany EMC requirements run contrary to the trend of size and cost reduction in power electronics. Especially in high power density converters close component placement lead to severe electromagnetic interaction, at first in EMI filters. This presentation introduces methods to predict coupling effects and derives easy-to-use design rules. These rules are used to develops a placement tool for filter components


Evaluation of EMI Filter Topologies for Hard- and Soft-Switching Voltage Source Converters Jens Peter Kaerst, Klaus F. Hoffmann, Philips Medical Systems, Germany The performance of an EMI filter distinguishes whether or not a readily developed product is vendible. Recent work contributed to a better understanding of the performace limiting parasitic elements of passive EMI filters. The aim of this paper is to combine a improved passive EMI filter setup with placement rules applicable for basic EMI filter elements in both hard- and soft-switching converters. Simulations and measurements will be presented Optimum Architectures for Power Management and EMI Control in Portable Electronics Michael Lovell, MICREL Semiconductor, UK, Andrew Cowell, MICREL Semiconductor, New Zealand In portable applications, poorly implemented power management schemes create many development problems. A good power management architecture can increase talk time, standby time, reduce overall size, allow additional features and improve EMI robustness. Such new optimum portable power architecture is described and is compared to existing solutions. Finally an extension of this optimum architecture- ‘Voltage Scaling’ is introduced A Novel EMC Conform Power Device Driver Architecture for Switched Mode Regulators Lutz Göhler, Siegfried Ritz, Steffen Becker, DMOS, Germany Due to their high efficiency switched-mode regulators are the standard solution for adjustable speed drives and DC/DC converters. further reduction of the losses requires a high switching speed, demanding an EMC filter in the supply lines. This paper presents intelligent integrated power device driver topologies for MOSFETs or IGBTs incorporating a self-adjusting slew-rate regulation by which EMC conformity is obtained without additional effort. Spectra measurements proof the concepts Converter Control Strategies Modulation Technique for Power Converter operating in Short Time and Intermittment Duty Ciro Attaianese, Giuseppe Tomasso, Vito Nardi, University of Cassino, Italy A high efficiency modulation technique for power converters is proposed, which allows to optimize the converter operation during the short time and intermittent duty-cycles. The method is based on a variable frequency digital modulator, which give the possibility of changing the power modules switching frequencies in function of the imposed operating conditions and the actual generated power losses Improved IGBT Control Strategy- Reduction of Overvoltage and Total Switching Losses at Turn- Off in Low Inductive Circuits Heinz-Peter Rothwangl, Michael Barta, ELIN EBG Traction, Austria This paper presents a new developed circuit for the active gate control of HV-IGBT modules. The circuit includes active voltage gradient reduction and active clamp control. The over voltage at IGBT turn-off is reduced which allows to increase the voltage gradient and to decrease the total switching losses. An additional circuit in the clamp control path allows setting the minimum Zener clamp voltage below the maximum DC- link voltage. Various tests with 1700V IGBT modules have been carried out. Space Phasor Modulation in Multicell Inverters under Fault Conditions Pablo Correa, Mario Pacas, University Siegen, Germany, Jose Rodriguez, University Federico Santa Maria, Chile In this work, the asymmetrical operation of a multicell inverter with bypassed faulty cells is presented. A modified space phasor modulation strategy is proposed to generate the maximum output voltage considering the cells which still are functional. Sequences and firing pulse generation under fault conditions are also investigated. Simulations and experimental results obtained from a 5-level multicell prototype confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy


Analysis of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation for a Symmetrical Six-Phase Voltage Source Inverter Drazen Dujic, Veran Vasic, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Serbia and Montenegro, Atif Iqbal, Emil Levi, School of Engineering, UK A comprehensive analysis of SVPWM algorithms for a control of a symmetrical six-phase VSI based on a space vector decomposition technique is presented. Ship propulsion, more-electric aircraft, hybrid electric vehicles and battery-powered electric vehicles have rapidly emerged during the last couple of years as the main potential application areas for multi-phase motor drives. Performance of the presented schemes has been investigated in terms of THD of the output voltages and DC bus utilization Sensors and Diagnostics The Shielded Flux-Gate - a Novel Magnetic Sensor for Current Measurement Wolfram Teppan, LEM, Switzerland A novel, linear and stable magnetic sensor for open-loop current measurement is presented. This magnetic sensor is a tiny flux-gate (size 0603) in a precision shield able to measure magnetic flux densities up to more than 100 mT. The principle is presented, a sample sensor is shown and measurement results of a prototype current sensor for an integrated application are given. Recent Trends in Hall Effect Current Sensing Andreas P. Friedrich, Allegro Microsystems Europe, France This paper presents recent advances in integrated Hall effect based current sensor microsystems. It covers the various packaging concepts integrating the primary current path into the system, the major improvements on sensor parameters as well as a few examples of typical application circuits for brushless DC motor control, UPS and battery monitoring. FPGA Based Resolver to Digital Converter using Sigma-Delta Analog to Digital Technology Jens Onno Krah, University of Applied Sciences Köln, Germany The contribution describes a new FPGA based method to convert the analog resolver signals to a digital position signal using sigma-delta ADC-technology. By using a 2nd order sigma-delta modulator it is possible to increase the resolution by 2-bit. In a servo drive the significant better signal to noise ratio can be used to build a smoother current command (less noisy), or to increase the tracking loop bandwidth Preventative Maintenance and Advanced Diagnostics for Uninterruptible Power Supplies Marco Crespan, Claudio Balbiano General Electric Digital Industry, Switzerland A HW/SW way to improve the ability to detect a UPS failure or risk of failure is presented. UPSs can enhance their failure detection abilities with a smart SW implementation. By monitoring the system status, elaborating the information and sending them to a remote user it is possible to increase the Mean Time Before Failure and reduce the Mean Time To Repair, which are important business aspects especially in Power Protection. Gathered information could be useful for future development trends. Thermal Management and Power Losses Balancing Losses and Noise - Considerations for Choosing the Gate Resistor Holger Hüsken, Wolfgang Frank, Infineon Technologies, Germany Choosing the gate resistor of the power switch has huge consequences on the overall performance of a system. Aspects to be considered include efficiency, noise and possible overload conditions. Leading edge IGBT devices use a trench cell design, which offers lower conduction losses , but will also influence the switching behaviour. Using switching curves and taking into account effects like stress onto the free-wheeling diode turn-on, the paper will discuss the circuit designer’s options


A Method for Calculating the Junction Temperature based on Temperature Measurement on the Mold Compound Wolfgang Frank, Infineon Technologies, Germany This paper presents a general approach of calculating the junction temperature by a simple measurement of the mold compound temperature. A common and practical method of estimating the junction temperature is the measurement of the frontside temperature on the mold compound, because it is easily accessible. The presented method will improve the precision of the above mentioned procedure by considering the package type and the chip size, but it will still keep the simplicity of the common method Study of Different Ceramic Substrates Technologies under High Temperature Cycles Laurent Dupont, Zoubir Khatir, INRETS, Stephane Lefebvre, SATIE, Serge Bontemps, Advanced Power Technologies Europe, France Large Diameter Heat Pipes for Cooling large IGBT Power Modules Christopher Soule, Thermshield LLC, USA Large diameter heat pipes are used in an innovative cooing method to help lower high power (>2KW) electronic power module temperatures. Thermal reistance levels are reduced equivalent to liquid cooling without the expensive support / maintenance requirements.

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