SHORT PAPERS

HISTOPATHOLOGY OF THE Mimida iris A. Milne Edwards by Munidi PARASITIZATION OF MUNIDA IRIS irhtans Boone.

(DECAPODA: GALATHE1DAE) BY MUNIDION IRRITANS (ISOPODA: BOPYRIDAE)

- — 1 c I TX

*• I i i i1

3 f K "* Ii.

1 t X

Er

i s ; i L T t v - 1 i i r *- J

1 "> ) | I vi i i , l b M o 1 l V I O i '

1 i ' l U 1 ' 1 IK b l i t I ' L M U C I v l l

T n i> ik» -. J X l i t ivJ >e O v i , p i f v

il 1 X I 1 - t i \ v X O T c v " X v I v

v. i i l T m 1 -*i P M L i h l K i l l

v l l l i i Mir- tlt a i 1 I

1 K i P i h 1 •" ' ll K. •- , l . l l \ S i v O

• i l t i v I s O V v ^ '1 i k v 1 Oi lHi 11

the rY„iiv>] >\ i, i A V , i N \ i < k h i' v i X ' t ' i 1 J i l ' J ~ I k t t _ s " i HI ! x > - > \,r v iJ "xii tii x ~o f k ! XH 1 l " ^ Y J J l 1 ^J lllM 1 1 v 1 l -

1 "iii v t ._, J1 i? i L *^ r v • t

•x iv" i r IK i IK v p nub oi >tx •c x x i i a t niv ' O u . \ i J i •• _ • f w f v rii K v. i ' i v- IL ii -•-in i> I s \ i \ u <• "21 i i •- „s i i ^ o i

x 1 l V IC-'l' f 1 X 11 « i ' ^ 1 ! v | v "•

s f i

1 . X l . ' > ll ' C v III i l I ' ( I L ~ -

I i k v U ' < \ ' 1 H l l X v - ' L 1 p ^ 1 r

X i l l l ' X C »v> ! - I t l "- « '1 X " i K S O i l h v I

' e- - ^ u - "••> hji ^ ux x •" i X v A i ' sO ^ i i i K k i i p r i i v X k ^

x , c ^ k i *iiiiv ! '^o Tl J . y u o ' OL • C i • li 1 i* - | \ i \ i li JSvu v

x> ^ v a ^ k - i , . i i i . ii F v !°Z ' 1 c " i X I _ C .i 1 1 i " X t v

r ' ' v ^ X i -

v % ' r e 1 v n « i c J O i i "

r j i i v J " X ' A 1 X 2 . > i _ r

- - "• ivic i ir * t t K. <k n v o* T|

, i v l ^1 I l i e 1 l l "^ I l X ' i- "-1

M A T E R I A L AND M E T H O D S

F X i | - t r t l r p p X p £ I Q ' 1 ' 1 ' f Q X d I f f ] XI"? *i

v,,i t ivn^v iii s to ,i 'i e l '• \ \ ^ L 4 L T 0 t ' x ^ u i v V c V C i ' l V M

\1 i t a l i c P c ^ ^ i i . ^ ' ^ i i i i , I R I ' l i i - a

\ ' l U l \ > . H C l . l l ^ f i l 1 _ v ' 1 C

•u ix vi unci i i1 -.1x1 i iv"i H'K'I- >' v v i "i Kv x 1 L i T i > v r t i i. i P ' ese i . ^ i ii i s" ii ii I ^ i vi K. H i d i l j ^ i i 1 LL

• Y ^ ^ » '

v I! i-v-. ^ tf\ l l

UUX . v i v T I J

i \ i . i l l l K i v

l i t tJ v I I v ^

ii i " im . t v

O I K ^ K I v » 1 _ l1

Ml 1 _. 1 k i t '

»K .i V V<1 "Hi. , I

i vH P "• X

. 1 I i v ' K i I ! I I V

k •• I* ..ii M T \ 0 1 0 T Kv | i n l l k s _

I > n IKH i 1

l l v i 1 i i

v V 1 L l

!" L l i v l 1

1 i P t "1 vl ^

C 1A n -i ' I I l i l

. « ' v I J X ,1

• H i ' _Ll >'v

i II 1 I i t,v< ">Lli

D v ' l1 H i I l l „ HvS 1 "vl v "1 k .

i i p ^1 i ,,1 S v i 1 1 ' i - r J _ i 1

H i . ! ' l C I ' 1 l l l v v 1 , v X v V l '

i i i - r i »i i \ i j i ' i v i ' l i i i i "

i ' i i N o i x i i i h "i i _> i r

x i c - 1 • ' r i c a i > v i t i

i i

i 01

! U v l H .«lv 2 X i l

opv \ u " ;> t< i LI i K n . J i

t Je ' i i i 1 i v v i - 1 i vn 111 i p x i i ' J -• -.

l i

1 " V H

' v I " 1 I «' V .

v X > t 1 1 1 l l l V

X L V L i i

- "" l l A i i i " i

v , v T' i '

i i ^ i F ^ i i ' ">i

U l L1 v i i i

SHORT PAPERS 567

female parasites ranged from 9.5 to 18 mm in total body length. Associated male bopyrids were found in seven instances and ranged in length from 1.4 to 4.5 mm. The size of the carapace deformity was similar to the dimensions of the enclosed female para­site. In all cases the protuberance ap­proached the posterior free edge of the branchiostegite.

The ventral surface of the parasite was directed dorsally and the head posteriorly with respect to its host: typical orientation of bopyrid parasites. The dorsal surface of the parasite was pressed against the gills of the host and. produced a concave depression which corresponded to the contours of the fe­male isopod.

The female parasites have the labrum and labium modified to form a cone which sur­rounds slender spiked mandibles (Fig. 2A). The mandibles penetrated the inner cuticular lining of the branchiostegite (Fig. 2B). Two small puncture wounds were made through the branchial chamber cuticle near the poste­rior vertical surface of the protuberance into the blood sinuses of the underlying tissue. The wound was small and often difficult to find. It was located by the presence of coag­

ulated blood which adhered to the cuticle at the wound site. Apparently the blood was clotted by the fixation process since no de­generation of the cells of the coagulum was noted. Indeed there was very little regener­ative change in the puncture wound area. Regenerative changes are apparently initiated

\ B

W"

Figure 2. A: The labh parasite. Scale represent-branchial chamber (be)

. . w *. w .he

568 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 28, NO. 3, 1978

- '?» '"KJX

B Figure 3. A. beci:on of J::n;agcJ jail H e n u c n e .twin.a.on i h i L W U ; ; :n IPC d..nc;ged aw pigmentanor. nodule-- ; p - .t:e oic^ent aPd denuded l.ijc-i- of eunc'.e t o ate .-.No veer. S o ' 0.5 mm. B: Setl.cn o'" JcfeuricJ ouup.ice. T P C c\ot ie :e iea . O uppe.irs norm.H bur the tissue is thickened. Note etc \pong> .tppe.uarKe of toe eeiluL.i !a\er. S o l e represent-* " Section of non-oefoi tried c o a o o e The e\u^Seletor K ..pr;o\>r> aeh the vtine rhuAne^ -. but the updero;»w tisnit exHbu^ about oPc-bu'r tne :Ke\ness of that >n fig E. S o l e >epreH0

by coagulated hemocytes (Sparks, 1973). There did, however, appear to be an increase in the density of hemocytes in the immediate area of the wound.

Damage to the gill of the host was ap­parently caused by the weight of the parasite (Fig. 3A). This prevented circulation to some areas of the gill lamellae with sub­sequent tissue damage and repair. Areas of carre-t gill cuticle were present, aecurrraia-ticm '->f hemocytes occurred and necrotic

pigment nodules were found thn _ peripheral gill areas adjacent to 1 Deep gill tissue and underlying rr seem to be unaffected.

The structure of the deforms (Fig. 3A) was only slightly differ* non-deformed carapace (Fig. 3E the entire surface of the carapace similar texture and no abnorma surface were associated with the The epicuticle and endocuticle were approxi-

SHORT PAPERS 569

mately the same thickness on both the right and left branchiostegites. The interior branchial cuticle exhibited a slight thickening at the periphery of the deformity, but the re­maining areas were similar to the thickness of branchial cuticle in non-deformed areas. The area of underlying epidermis and con­nective tissue, however, was almost twice- as thick and appeared "spongy" in nature rather than the dense appearance of the corre­sponding tissue of non-deformed areas. The increase in thickness appears to be due to increased blood sinus space in the tissue elements rather than an increase in eel! numbers.

DISCUSSION

In the shrimp Hippolysmata wurdemanni examined by VanArman and Smith (1970) the bopyrid parasite Probopyrus sp. was completely enclosed by a cuticular mem­brane. They suggested that the parasites might be transitory unless their presence in­hibited molting. No such enclosure was found in the specimens examined in this study. In Mimida the parasite was in direct contact with the cuticular membranes of the branchiostegite and the gills, no extraneous tissue intervened. VanArman and Smith (1970) also report that the underlying gill

and muscle had atrophied. This apparently represents excessive damage to the host and was not seen in the specimens studied here. It is possible that the wound repair process had regenerated a cuticular layer be­neath the original layer thus giving the ap­pearance of encapsulation of the parasite. Such growth does occur during the wound repair process (Sparks, 1973; Fontaine and Lightner, 1973). Mimida iris does show typ­ical crustacean response to injury of the gills. There is infiltration of hemocytes which are packed into layers at the wound site. These layers of cells appear to wall-off and isolate necrotic gill tissue. There were thickened connective tissue fibers throughout the packed hemocyte layers and in several areas necrotic tissue pigment nodules were present. However, these areas appear to be rather small when compared to the total gill area.

Water for gill irrigation is drawn into the branchial chamber along the ventral and posterior borders of the branchiostegite (Barnes, 1974). The wounds in the bran­chial chamber cuticle are protected from ex­posure to incoming water by the location of the isopod on the gill. The cone-shaped mouthparts surround the wound and the body of the isopod shelters the wound. Therefore, there seems to be a distinct adap­tive advantage to withdrawing blood from the branchiostegite rather than from the gill proper: blood is not diluted with water.

b •- IO ' I il N c * i ~s tio •"- * % » ^ x r- "> ' f o i •>- - v ^ . > ' >. J c - i e *

fro i i m v ,_ i t „ s m v >*. c^ Su e I n \ s \

L i _ i- - !_ ^ i - C -

B a n . ^ : > - - 1 ~ , . - - ~ e v I . U > ~ v - * d v € ^

_ l

r e ~e L " i i. * ~~ v - •>

_- . v i v. v - - - a : a -

M ; ". - " • ' • Y c - 1 : : - ' -

570 B U L L E T I N O F M A R I N E S t t S ^ P L S \

isopod geous Munidion Hansen, 1897, parasitic on galatheid crabs in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Bull Mar, Sci. 25: 422-441.

Naylor, E. 1972. British marine isopods. Aca­demic Press, New York. 86 pp.

Perez, C. 1926. Sur quelques caracteres sexuels secondaires chez les Galathees. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 173: 86-88.

Pike, R. B. 1953. The bopyrid parasites of the Anomura front British and Irish waters. J. Linn. Soc. 42: 219-238.

Reinhard, E. G. 1956. Parasitic castration of Crustacea. Exp. Parasite!. 5: 79-107.

Reverberi, G. 1942. La "castrazione parassitaria" e la determinazione del sesso nei Crostacea. Arch. Zool. Ital, 34: 1-116.

Richardson, H. 1.905. A monograph on the iso­pods of North America. Bull. U.S. Natn. Mus. 54: 1-727.

Sparks, A. K. 1973. Invertebrate pathology: Noncommunicable diseases. .Academic Press, New York. 387 pp.

Tocker, B. W. 1931. On the effects of an epi-cardian parasite Gyge hranchialis on Upo-gehkt littoralis. Quart. J. Microsci. 74: 1-1 18.

Tuma, D. J. 1967. A description of the devel­opment of primary and secondary sexual characters in the Banana prawn, Penaeus merquiensis deMan (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeinae). Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res, 18: 73-88.

i A I T n i J N > , s " i ' h

i t h -> , _ i i .

t s ' I I "

J-u i ^ % u

C St. I

\1 1 - u V (

s

-\ 1 I r> -

""V

-]

s I

I ,

J i i 1 X } \ , v ~i I

I t A \_ £

SIGNIFICANCE OF LIFE HISTORY STUDIES OF CALCAREOUS SPONGES

FOR SPECIES DETERMINATION

Marion Fischel Johnson

ABSTRACT—Studies on Claihrina coriacea (Montagu, 1818) and Claihrina blanca (Miklucho-Maclay, 1868) were initiated to determine whether the species names are synonymous. Differences in

e te u d v , K i ..v s p j ^ u i u ^ 1 \ v K i u - e i * I v e <. > i ^ » L C ' i i

t i H I I , U \ ~ i k I 1 » ^_1 A 1 I t\ o *.r tes i * sey « e vt i s T* - i ,_s i

1 o" IM te>- " A ' I I tr tis i * v r v I _ L " --- r oi s i

J 1 Cvi P v L H

r l i ^ h I r At n i l ICN \ s (TV L t

i l i i i i u , u v i e " lv» i aiA \ h ic' - AI<, > v h w 1 ^ 1 ,_e i

•-e > is i h O *\ vv'v. ' i \ u i . l"1 ^>^o i

s n " * cs MA PfcvS i 4 vOl * ^ v V t l t w i-i >^.EUl v i ^~2> 1 ^ to t rtic is>

l>0* A" i v - i d\ 1 ie .AAiA.i 1 ' 1

j i a s s* ng >v E he 2v ' ^ j . j 1

" u i V j , p ' v E 1 A ' i ' V n s t 1AA ,_i

I 'OCst TfA AiKis ,. tl i f t S»L»" \

s sk n n \ s oi *A A t >e Bs i i i n „ S M ' I . <. V A c s *" Jc i i ii \ sj e i s r e

n _ i,% ' A ._, - i „ e ^ tec* i^ " i n i ' LA.vln O A K i l t l g i. u . t A ^ P V B v - ,

~>-t o 22 .. r>j i v t m v i v* j>„ ics o2^ ^ 4 - ^ e>K*t vt n <\ t i"mpir_, i e i c i \ \ i i b S i t > i M l r v jrl ji> -» « <-

» nvs *- 41 R oie-1 c J*s""* r j ! > ^ T l i s <>-4 "—' lOeJ G A B

i J A t u > o\ e >-i lit. ' i i _ jit t eo ' 1 ^ s

'-x'-itir >• s u V i ih t sin - ' L e d in

i t i ie>i"- i u t t >^t poss ' i "• »i n

i s | ^1 s u i C A. t t 1 "" s _ t i l s v

4^.i ^ HI A 1 ' < •-' ! ^ \ •- < t * t 1

is L>- J " l \ i . k j ^ h i ' i r n k t e »

4>i ' " s • v'ln _ 'pr i "> \ is i i

hv i r , \ ' i a. *r-i ipr iv ia 'i i

^ ' e A s v ^ i _ v vs i v i, t £ J I " <

<" l i n 1 A •> t t , v S[ >iKo. J "•

i d . V * n i IVV t _ii E

. o t. s \',MIJ.A\1 _ 1 K s, i 1c.Vv , , L S e v L b st 11

it A j. I hi lOils 'ie^ t*s _ o L

el i ill t l t i t is v s A v i i b v ""

L i i t » i ' • ' , * A . ' M v i n s

> A t . 1 v vVoi ^i M^ \.n.« iv. ^ si i\ 1 \ ^ s . A A I S T E (

Ov V^ AM M v l i , i A B PI r' L P > t l ' S S I A I M l I ) >-> S

V » " " 1"1 "I t» "• t v- s T l C s i t I

l ' u s is i A i 1 r ' s-> t l , ! i s v. A>is^

sfe^i pe A riot v i*~Lrr c ' s v 1 -^ ,i sCl ,^v ' I t i \ J A K E . I t t l!