short scan of natural gas technologies in new buildings in france
TRANSCRIPT
Short scan of natural gas technologies in new buildings in France
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3 major trends
More energy efficient natural gas technologies
Hybrid technologies: different energy sources to cover several energy needs
Decentralized power generation technology
Sour
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anyo
Sour
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ergn
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tion
Source De Dietrich = maybe good for US homes
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More energy efficient natural gas technologiesNatural gas engine heat pumps
Source Sanyo – Gas driven VRF
A/A and A/W
20-80 kWheat and 20-70kWcold
Rated COP up to 1.44 HHV and EER= 4.3 HHV (A/A version)
Hot water production up to 130◦F
Engine maintenance every 10,000 hours
Aisin-Toyota, Sanyo, Panasonic products, …
Multi-family and commercial buildings
High space heating and air conditioning needs + low domestic hot water needs
Barriers/future developments: • unknown because not a tried and tested technology
Source: GrDF and Xpair
Outdoor
Indoor
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More energy efficient natural gas technologiesNatural gas absorption heat pumps
Aerothermal version A/W
Geothermal version W/W
42 kWheat and 17kWcold
Hot water production temperature up to 150◦F
Simple maintenance (very few mobile parts)
Rated COP: 1.49 HHV 1.53 HHVEER = 2.15
Multi-family and commercial buildings
High space heating and domestic hot water needs + low air conditioning needsBarriers/future developments:
• scale it down it for single-family homes• in Europe, only one manufacturer to-date (Robur
- Italy)
Outdoor
Indoor
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Condensing boiler with high turn-down ratio
Thermal power can go from 0.9-1 to 9-10 kWheat (Bosch) or from 0.8 to 12 kWth (Vergne Innovation) only 2 products
Reduced start/stop cycles
a solution for single new residential buildings with low space heating needs
Low thermal power no instantaneous hot water production produce hot water with water storage tank
could be interesting to combine it with a solar water heater
More energy efficient natural gas technologiesHigh modulation boiler
Barriers/future developments: • in development and to be tested
• not on the market yet: 2013?
a technology to keep in mind for energy efficient buildings
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Hybrid technologiesElectric heat pump added to a condensing boiler
• Heat pump A/W: P<3kWth will cover base load space heating needs and air conditioning needs.
• Condensing boiler: 24/30 kWth to cover winter space heating peaks and hot water production. Works like a back up energy and technology.
Mono box
2 units
Barriers/future developments: • warning: the higher the electric heat pump COP the less natural gas consumed by the system• control system to switch between the boiler and the HP according to energy prices or yield
Single houses or individual space heating system in multi-family buildings
Choose which system works through control device according to the yield or energy price at any time
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To produce hot water with solar energy. Natural gas used for space heating and as a back up energy for hot water production when there’s no sun!
Hybrid technologiesSolar water heater and natural gas condensing boiler
22 sq ft to 43 sq ft of solar panel area (1-2 panels)
Hot water storage tank or instantaneous production
To avoid refrigerant freeze during Winter: 2 solutions:
glycol refrigerant or a self drained design
Barriers/future developments: • size the panel area to cover only 80-85%
of the hot water needs of the hottest month to avoid superheating problems.
• reduce costs
50% hot water needs covered on average by solar energy per year
Warm up the water during winter and can cover all hot water needs in summer
Solar panel
Pump
Cold water
Hot water
Back up energy
Control device
Single houses or multi-family buildings
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Electricity generation from NGNatural gas micro-CHP
Condensing boiler for hot water and space heating needs + Stirling engine to produce electricity Condensing boiler
81% HHV rated yield 2 burners
• primary one = 6-8 kWheat
• secondary one = 24 kWheat
Stirling engine Electric power = 1 kW yield ≈ 15%
Source BAXISource De Dietrich
Barriers/future developments: • connect several systems in series (problems
with the control device)• reduce costs drastically!• French market in 2013
Single houses or individual space heating in multi-family buildings
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ANNEX
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Technologies scan: http://www.grdf.fr/professionnels-du-batiment-et-de-lamenagement/salon-interclima-2012/les-produits-exposes/espace-tertiaire-industrie/pac-a-absorption/
http://www.grdf.fr/professionnels-du-batiment-et-de-lamenagement/salon-interclima-2012/les-produits-exposes/espace-tertiaire-industrie/pac-moteur-gaz/
http://www.grdf.fr/professionnels-du-batiment-et-de-lamenagement/salon-interclima-2012/les-produits-exposes/espace-residentiel/chaudiere-hybride/
http://www.grdf.fr/professionnels-du-batiment-et-de-lamenagement/salon-interclima-2012/les-produits-exposes/espace-residentiel/chauffe-eau-solaire-individuel-optimise/
http://www.grdf.fr/fr/professionnels-du-batiment-et-de-lamenagement/salon-interclima-2012/les-produits-exposes/espace-residentiel/chaudiere-petite-puissance/
http://www.grdf.fr/professionnels-du-batiment-et-de-lamenagement/salon-interclima-2012/les-produits-exposes/espace-residentiel/ecogenerateur/
And all the PDF attached to these website directions
Sources of data
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Source vs site energy
Primary energy
Transformation losses Transport
losses
Site energy
Production losses
Electricity:1 kWh of site energy = 2.58 kWh of primary energy
Other energies (natural gas, wood,…): 1 kWh of site energy = 1 kWh of primary energy
Source = www.development-durable.gouv.fr
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Natural gas engine heat pump – A/A version
Source SANYO – Gas Driven VRF
http://eu.sanyo.com/AssetBrowser/Air%20Conditioning%20Docs/Brochures/Gas%20Driven%20VRF%20%28GHP%29%202009.pdf