short term financing lecture notes
TRANSCRIPT
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7/25/2019 Short Term Financing Lecture Notes
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Copyright 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.
Working Capital
and Current
AssetManagement
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Current Assets:
CashMarketable Securities
PrepaymentsAccounts ReceivableInventory
Current Liabilities:
Accounts PayableAccruals
Short-Term DebtTaxes Payable
Fixed Assets:
Investments
Plant & Machineryan! an! "uil!in#s
Long-Term Financing:
Debt
$%uity
Long & Short Term Assets & Liailities
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The Cash Conversion Cycle
& Short-term financial management'mana#in# current
assets an! current liabilities'is on o( the (inancial
mana#er)s most important an! time-consumin# activities*
& The #oal o( short-term (inancial mana#ement is to
mana#e each o( the (irms) current assets an! liabilities to
achieve a balance bet+een profitability and riskthat
contributes positively to overall (irm value*
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Acco!nts "eceivale #anagement
the average collection period, the avera#e len#th o(time (rom a sale on cre!it until the payment becomesusable (un!s to the (irm*
&The collection perio! consists o( t+o parts, the time perio! (rom the sale until the customer mails
payment. an!
, the time (rom +hen the payment is maile! until the (irmcollects (un!s in its bank account*
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Acco!nts "eceivale #anagement$
The %ive Cs o Credit
& Character:The applicant)s recor! o( meetin# pastobli#ations*
& Capacity:The applicant)s ability to repay the re%ueste!cre!it*
& Capital:The applicant)s !ebt relative to e%uity*
& Collateral:The amount o( assets the applicant has
available (or use in securin# the cre!it*& Conditions:Current #eneral an! in!ustry-speci(ic
economic con!itions*
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Acco!nts "eceivale #anagement$
Credit Scoring
& Credit scoringis a proce!ure resultin# in ascore that measures an applicant)s overall cre!it
stren#th. !erive! as a +ei#hte!-avera#e o(scores o( various cre!it characteristics*
& The proce!ure results in a score that measuresthe applicant)s overall cre!it stren#th. an! thescore is use! to make the accept/re0ect !ecision(or #rantin# the applicant cre!it*
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Acco!nts "eceivale #anagement$
Credit Scoring 'cont.(
& The purpose o( cre!it scorin# is to make a
relatively in(orme! cre!it !ecision %uickly an!
inexpensively*
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Acco!nts "eceivale #anagement$
Changing Credit Standards
& The (irm sometimes +ill contemplate chan#in# its cre!itstan!ar!s to improve its returns an! #enerate #reatervalue (or its o+ners*
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Acco!nts "eceivale #anagement$
Changing Credit Standards
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Changing Credit Terms
& A (irm)s credit termsspeci(y the repayment termsre%uire! o( all o( its cre!it customers*
&Cre!it terms are compose! o( three parts, The cash discount, The cash discount period
, The credit period
& 1or example. +ith cre!it terms o( 2/34 net 54. the !iscountis 26. the !iscount perio! is 34 !ays. an! the cre!it perio!is 54 !ays*
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#A) Company has an average collection period o *0
days 't!rnover + ,-/*0 + 9.(. 1n accordance ith the
irm3s credit terms o net ,04 this period is divided into ,2
days !ntil the c!stomers place their payments in the mail'not everyone pays ithin ,0 days( and 5 days to receive4
process4 and collect payments once they are mailed.
#A) is considering initiating a cash disco!nt y changing
its credit terms rom net ,0 to 2/0 net ,0. The irme6pects this change to red!ce the amo!nt o time !ntil the
payments are placed in the mail4 res!lting in an average
collection period o 2 days 't!rnover + ,-/2 + *.-(.
Changing Credit Terms 76ample
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Credit #onitoring
& Cre!it monitorin# is the on#oin# revie+ o( a (irm)saccounts receivable to !etermine +hether customers are
payin# accor!in# to the state! cre!it terms*
& Slo+ payments are costly to a (irm because theylen#then the avera#e collection perio! an! increase the(irm)s investment in accounts receivable*
& T+o (re%uently use! techni%ues (or cre!it monitorin#are the avera#e collection perio! an! a#in# o( accountsreceivable*
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Credit #onitoring$
Average Collection Period
& The avera#e collection perio! is the avera#e number o(
!ays that cre!it sales are outstan!in# an! has t+o parts
, The time (rom sale until the customer places the payment inthe mail. an!
, The time to receive. process. an! collect payment*
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Credit #onitoring$
Aging o Acco!nts "eceivale
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Credit #onitoring$
Collection Policy
& The (irm)s collection policyis its proce!ures (or
collectin# a (irm)s accounts receivable +hen they are
!ue*
& The e((ectiveness o( this policy can be partly evaluate!
by evaluatin# at the level o( ba! expenses*
& As seen in the previous examples. this level !epen!s
not only on collection policy but also on the (irm)scre!it policy*