should we place a limit on the global co 2 emissions to ensure sustainable development?

R Shanthini 20 Aug 2010

Should we place a limit on the global CO2 emissions to ensure

sustainable development

Discussion Point 5


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000Year

from solid fuel burningfrom liquid fuel burningfrom gas fuel burningfrom cement productionfrom gas flaring

Global CO2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels amp the manufacture of cement (in 109 kg CO2)

Source httpcdiacornlgovtrendsemisglohtml


0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000Year

Total emissions




Global Carbon CycleFossil-

fuel burning

53

Land use

06 ndash 26

Photosynthesis 100-120

Plant respiration 40 - 50

Decay of residues 50 - 60

Sea-surface gas

exchange100 - 115

Net ocean uptake

16 ndash 24

Numbers are billions of tons of carbon

Geological reservoir


275

300

325

350

375

400

1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000Year

Source httpcdiacornlgov

CO2 concentration in the atmosphere

(in ppmv)

Atmospheric Carbon dioxide Concentrations

3853 ppmv in 2008

275 ppmv in pre-industrial time


Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) including Carbon dioxide

GHGs are gases in an atmosphere that absorb and emit

radiation within the thermal infrared range

This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect


The Greenhouse effectA T M O S P H E R E

S U N


The main GHGs in the Earths atmosphere are water vapor carbon dioxide methane

nitrous oxide and ozone

Without GHGs Earths surface would be on average about 33degC colder than at present


Rise in the concentration of four GHGs


Global Warming Potential (GWP) of different GHGs


The burning of fossil fuels land use

change and other industrial activities

since the industrial revolution have

increased the GHGs in the atmosphere

to such a level that the earthrsquos surface

is heating up to temperatures that are

very destructive to life on earth

Global Warming


Global temperature anomalies from land meteorological stations (in deg C)

08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06

Source httpcdiacornlgovtrendstemphansenhansenhtml

Base period


Global temperature anomalies from land and ocean observations (in deg C)

08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06


Base period

R Shanthini 20 Aug 2010 Source httpcdiacornlgovtrendstemphansenhansenhtml

Hemispheric annual temperature anomalies from land and ocean observations

10

08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06

Base period


Compare the above with the fact that the global temperature has not varied by more than 1 or 2oC during the past 100 centuries

The global temperature has risen by 074 plusmn 018degC over the last century (from 1906 to 2005)

Source Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

Global warming has begun and so has the Climate Change


Consequenceshelliphelliphelliphellip



Source httpearthtrendswriorg

bull Persistent flooding is causing the submergence of the Carteret Islandsbull Saltwater intrusion is contaminating the islands freshwater supply and preventing the growth of crops bull The islands were declared uninhabitable by the government in 2005 and expected to be completely submerged by 2015

Worldrsquos first environmental refugees from Carteret Islands Papua New Guinea


bull death of coral reefs

bull fewer cubs for polar bears

bull spread of dengue and other diseases

bull heavy rains amp severe draughts

bull fires floods storms amp hurricanes

bull changed rainfall patterns

bull warming and aridity

bull loss of biodiversity



0

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2

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3

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010Year

Rate of increase of CO2 concentration (in ppmvyear)

Source httpcdiacornlgovftptrendsco2siple2013 and httpcdiacornlgovtrendsco2sio-mlohtml

18 ppmvyear in 2008


350

375

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500

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year

actual valueat 15 ppmvyearat 20 ppmvyearat 25 ppmvyear

CO2 concentration in the future (ppmv)

global temperaturemay be up by 2oC


-Accelerated Climate Change-Mass extinctions-Ecosystems breakdowns-Large scale discontinuities

At the rate of 15 ppmv of CO2 increase per year 400 ppmv CO2 will be reached in 2018 and it is probable that the global temperature would go up by 2oC (compare it with the 001oC per decade estimate by WWF)


Some say forget about the 2oC The limit is not 400 ppmv CO2

It is 550 ppmv CO2 (which is nearly twice the pre-industrial value)

which we may reach not


350

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650

2000 2025 2050 2075 2100Year


We are lucky Are we



Sustainable Limit Calculations


Calculation of Global Sustainable Limiting Rate of Carbon Dioxide Production

1 Virgin material supply limit To stabilize the atmospheric CO2 concentration below approximately 550 ppmv by the year 2100 global anthropogenic emissions must be limited to about 7 to 8 x 1012 kg (= 7 to 8 giga tonnes) of C per year (IPCC 1996)

Source Graedel TE and Klee RJ 2002 Getting serious about sustainability Env Sci amp Tech 36(4) 523-9


2 Allocation of virgin material Each of the average 75 billion people on the planet over the next 50 years is allocated an equal share of carbon emissions

That is roughly 1 tonne (1000 kg) of C equivalents per person per year

which is roughly 38 tonne of CO2 equivalents per person per year




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HDI (defined on next page)2005

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eq

uiv

ale

nt)

Sources httphdrstatsundporgbuildtablesrc_reportcfm

USA

Sri LankaSustainable limit


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NorwaySingapore

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Iceland


UNDP defined Human Development Index (HDI)

HDI = LI3

+ EI3

+ GDPI3

LI (Life Index) = Life Expectancy - 25

85 - 25

GDPI (GDP Index) =ln(GDP per capita) - ln(100)

ln(40000) - ln(100)

EI (Education Index) = 2 Adult Literacy

3 100

1 School Enrollment

3 100+


0

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03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

HDI 2005

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Sustainable limit

HDI gt 08

Unsustainable amount of per capita CO2 emissions

are required to reach super high HDI (gt 09)

USA

Sri Lanka


Discussion Point 6

How to limit the CO2 emissions below the sustainable limit

Take 10 mins


But we replace our forests with cities highways amp golf courses

Emissions Reduction Option 1 Increase the use of carbon sinks (such as forests where 70 of all photosynthesis occurs)

Stop destroying forests and grow more trees


The forest cover is already too small to help reducing global warming

How long does it take to grow a tree like this


Emissions Reduction Option 2 Change to non-CO2 emitting energy sources

What are theyNuclear HydroRenewables (Geothermal Solar

Wave Tidal Wind Biomass and Biogas) Muscle Power


Energy from sustainably managed renewable sources

Ulf Bossel ndash October 2005

Solar energy Photovoltaic DC electricitythermal AC electricity hot

water space heating etc

Wind energy AC electricityHydropower AC electricityOcean energy

waves tides AC electricity

Geothermal heat AC electricity hot water space heating etc

Biomass amp organic waste

heat organic fuels


heat AC electricity hot water space heating etc


0

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175

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power

Nuclear ElectricPower

Electric Power fromRenewables

World Energy Consumption by Fuel (in 1015 BTU)

httpwwweiadoegovpubinternationaliealftable18xls


0

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50

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Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power



World Energy Consumption by Fuel (in )



0

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Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power

Nuclear Electric Power

Electric Power from Renewables




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Hydroelectric Power






There is no immediate financial benefits for a switch to renewable energy in the profit-oriented energy markets


More people

More pollution

Emissions Reduction Option 3 Reduce Population


If you are in USA you will be lighting 185 bulbs each with 200 W power

If you are in China you will be lighting 3 bulbs each with 200 W power

Electricity use in 2006


0102030405060708090

100

CO2 (metrictons per capita)

Population GDP percapita PPP(const 2005

International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


CO2 emissions per capita has stronger links with GDP per capita than with population


Emissions Reduction Option 4 Carbon Capture amp Storage (CCS)

Controversial since permanent storage of CO2 underground is not guaranteed


Controversial since the impacts on marine ecosystem (very fragile) are not known


Discussion Point 7

What could you do to limit the CO2 emissions below the sustainable limit as an engineer

Take 10 mins


Food for thought

What are the Engineering Challenges to sustainability

1048707 Global climate change

1048707 Energy production and use

1048707 Food production

1048707 Resources depletion

1048707 Toxics in the environment

1048707 Making sustainable lifestyles attractive

Base for your CP551 project


The supreme Greek God Zeus told Prometheus

ldquoYou may give men such gifts as are suitable but you must not give them fire for that belongs tothe Immortalsrdquo

ndash Roger Lancelyn GreenTales of the Greek Heroes

Puffin Classics

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0

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10000

12000

1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000Year

from solid fuel burningfrom liquid fuel burningfrom gas fuel burningfrom cement productionfrom gas flaring




0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000Year

Total emissions





fuel burning

53

Land use

06 ndash 26




Sea-surface gas

exchange100 - 115

Net ocean uptake

16 ndash 24




275

300

325

350

375

400

1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000Year



(in ppmv)


3853 ppmv in 2008









S U N

















Global Warming



08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06


Base period



08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06


Base period



10

08

06

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02

00

-02

-04

-06

Base period
























0

05

1

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2

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3

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010Year



18 ppmvyear in 2008


350

375

400

425

450

475

500

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year












350

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500

550

600

650

2000 2025 2050 2075 2100Year


We are lucky Are we















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USA



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(to

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es

of C

eq

uiv

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nt)


USA


NorwaySingapore

Japan

Iceland



HDI = LI3

+ EI3

+ GDPI3


85 - 25


ln(40000) - ln(100)


3 100

1 School Enrollment

3 100+


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

HDI 2005

CO

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pe

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pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

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nt)


Sustainable limit

HDI gt 08



USA

Sri Lanka


Discussion Point 6


Take 10 mins





















heat organic fuels




0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

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Slide 50


0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000Year

Total emissions





fuel burning

53

Land use

06 ndash 26




Sea-surface gas

exchange100 - 115

Net ocean uptake

16 ndash 24




275

300

325

350

375

400

1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000Year



(in ppmv)


3853 ppmv in 2008









S U N

















Global Warming



08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06


Base period



08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06


Base period



10

08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06

Base period
























0

05

1

15

2

25

3

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010Year



18 ppmvyear in 2008


350

375

400

425

450

475

500

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year












350

400

450

500

550

600

650

2000 2025 2050 2075 2100Year


We are lucky Are we















0

1

2

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5

6

7

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9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


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(to

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of C

eq

uiv

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nt)


USA



0

1

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5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

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pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA


NorwaySingapore

Japan

Iceland



HDI = LI3

+ EI3

+ GDPI3


85 - 25


ln(40000) - ln(100)


3 100

1 School Enrollment

3 100+


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

HDI 2005

CO

2 E

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sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


Sustainable limit

HDI gt 08



USA

Sri Lanka


Discussion Point 6


Take 10 mins





















heat organic fuels




0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

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Slide 7

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Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50



fuel burning

53

Land use

06 ndash 26




Sea-surface gas

exchange100 - 115

Net ocean uptake

16 ndash 24




275

300

325

350

375

400

1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000Year



(in ppmv)


3853 ppmv in 2008









S U N

















Global Warming



08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06


Base period



08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06


Base period



10

08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06

Base period
























0

05

1

15

2

25

3

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010Year



18 ppmvyear in 2008


350

375

400

425

450

475

500

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year












350

400

450

500

550

600

650

2000 2025 2050 2075 2100Year


We are lucky Are we















0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

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sio

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(to

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es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA


NorwaySingapore

Japan

Iceland



HDI = LI3

+ EI3

+ GDPI3


85 - 25


ln(40000) - ln(100)


3 100

1 School Enrollment

3 100+


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

HDI 2005

CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


Sustainable limit

HDI gt 08



USA

Sri Lanka


Discussion Point 6


Take 10 mins





















heat organic fuels




0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

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Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

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Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50


275

300

325

350

375

400

1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000Year



(in ppmv)


3853 ppmv in 2008









S U N

















Global Warming



08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06


Base period



08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06


Base period



10

08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06

Base period
























0

05

1

15

2

25

3

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010Year



18 ppmvyear in 2008


350

375

400

425

450

475

500

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year












350

400

450

500

550

600

650

2000 2025 2050 2075 2100Year


We are lucky Are we















0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA


NorwaySingapore

Japan

Iceland



HDI = LI3

+ EI3

+ GDPI3


85 - 25


ln(40000) - ln(100)


3 100

1 School Enrollment

3 100+


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

HDI 2005

CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


Sustainable limit

HDI gt 08



USA

Sri Lanka


Discussion Point 6


Take 10 mins





















heat organic fuels




0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50








S U N

















Global Warming



08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06


Base period



08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06


Base period



10

08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06

Base period
























0

05

1

15

2

25

3

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010Year



18 ppmvyear in 2008


350

375

400

425

450

475

500

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year












350

400

450

500

550

600

650

2000 2025 2050 2075 2100Year


We are lucky Are we















0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA


NorwaySingapore

Japan

Iceland



HDI = LI3

+ EI3

+ GDPI3


85 - 25


ln(40000) - ln(100)


3 100

1 School Enrollment

3 100+


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

HDI 2005

CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


Sustainable limit

HDI gt 08



USA

Sri Lanka


Discussion Point 6


Take 10 mins





















heat organic fuels




0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50

















Global Warming



08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06


Base period



08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06


Base period



10

08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06

Base period
























0

05

1

15

2

25

3

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010Year



18 ppmvyear in 2008


350

375

400

425

450

475

500

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year












350

400

450

500

550

600

650

2000 2025 2050 2075 2100Year


We are lucky Are we















0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA


NorwaySingapore

Japan

Iceland



HDI = LI3

+ EI3

+ GDPI3


85 - 25


ln(40000) - ln(100)


3 100

1 School Enrollment

3 100+


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

HDI 2005

CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


Sustainable limit

HDI gt 08



USA

Sri Lanka


Discussion Point 6


Take 10 mins





















heat organic fuels




0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50



08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06


Base period



08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06


Base period



10

08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06

Base period
























0

05

1

15

2

25

3

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010Year



18 ppmvyear in 2008


350

375

400

425

450

475

500

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year












350

400

450

500

550

600

650

2000 2025 2050 2075 2100Year


We are lucky Are we















0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA


NorwaySingapore

Japan

Iceland



HDI = LI3

+ EI3

+ GDPI3


85 - 25


ln(40000) - ln(100)


3 100

1 School Enrollment

3 100+


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

HDI 2005

CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


Sustainable limit

HDI gt 08



USA

Sri Lanka


Discussion Point 6


Take 10 mins





















heat organic fuels




0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50



08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06


Base period



10

08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06

Base period
























0

05

1

15

2

25

3

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010Year



18 ppmvyear in 2008


350

375

400

425

450

475

500

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year












350

400

450

500

550

600

650

2000 2025 2050 2075 2100Year


We are lucky Are we















0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA


NorwaySingapore

Japan

Iceland



HDI = LI3

+ EI3

+ GDPI3


85 - 25


ln(40000) - ln(100)


3 100

1 School Enrollment

3 100+


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

HDI 2005

CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


Sustainable limit

HDI gt 08



USA

Sri Lanka


Discussion Point 6


Take 10 mins





















heat organic fuels




0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50



10

08

06

04

02

00

-02

-04

-06

Base period
























0

05

1

15

2

25

3

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010Year



18 ppmvyear in 2008


350

375

400

425

450

475

500

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year












350

400

450

500

550

600

650

2000 2025 2050 2075 2100Year


We are lucky Are we















0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA


NorwaySingapore

Japan

Iceland



HDI = LI3

+ EI3

+ GDPI3


85 - 25


ln(40000) - ln(100)


3 100

1 School Enrollment

3 100+


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

HDI 2005

CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


Sustainable limit

HDI gt 08



USA

Sri Lanka


Discussion Point 6


Take 10 mins





















heat organic fuels




0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50
























0

05

1

15

2

25

3

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010Year



18 ppmvyear in 2008


350

375

400

425

450

475

500

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year












350

400

450

500

550

600

650

2000 2025 2050 2075 2100Year


We are lucky Are we















0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA


NorwaySingapore

Japan

Iceland



HDI = LI3

+ EI3

+ GDPI3


85 - 25


ln(40000) - ln(100)


3 100

1 School Enrollment

3 100+


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

HDI 2005

CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


Sustainable limit

HDI gt 08



USA

Sri Lanka


Discussion Point 6


Take 10 mins





















heat organic fuels




0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50


350

375

400

425

450

475

500

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year












350

400

450

500

550

600

650

2000 2025 2050 2075 2100Year


We are lucky Are we















0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA


NorwaySingapore

Japan

Iceland



HDI = LI3

+ EI3

+ GDPI3


85 - 25


ln(40000) - ln(100)


3 100

1 School Enrollment

3 100+


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

HDI 2005

CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


Sustainable limit

HDI gt 08



USA

Sri Lanka


Discussion Point 6


Take 10 mins





















heat organic fuels




0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50









350

400

450

500

550

600

650

2000 2025 2050 2075 2100Year


We are lucky Are we















0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA


NorwaySingapore

Japan

Iceland



HDI = LI3

+ EI3

+ GDPI3


85 - 25


ln(40000) - ln(100)


3 100

1 School Enrollment

3 100+


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

HDI 2005

CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


Sustainable limit

HDI gt 08



USA

Sri Lanka


Discussion Point 6


Take 10 mins





















heat organic fuels




0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50














0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA


NorwaySingapore

Japan

Iceland



HDI = LI3

+ EI3

+ GDPI3


85 - 25


ln(40000) - ln(100)


3 100

1 School Enrollment

3 100+


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

HDI 2005

CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


Sustainable limit

HDI gt 08



USA

Sri Lanka


Discussion Point 6


Take 10 mins





















heat organic fuels




0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1


CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


USA


NorwaySingapore

Japan

Iceland



HDI = LI3

+ EI3

+ GDPI3


85 - 25


ln(40000) - ln(100)


3 100

1 School Enrollment

3 100+


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

HDI 2005

CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


Sustainable limit

HDI gt 08



USA

Sri Lanka


Discussion Point 6


Take 10 mins





















heat organic fuels




0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50



HDI = LI3

+ EI3

+ GDPI3


85 - 25


ln(40000) - ln(100)


3 100

1 School Enrollment

3 100+


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

HDI 2005

CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


Sustainable limit

HDI gt 08



USA

Sri Lanka


Discussion Point 6


Take 10 mins





















heat organic fuels




0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 1

HDI 2005

CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

pe

r ca

pita

20

04

(to

nn

es

of C

eq

uiv

ale

nt)


Sustainable limit

HDI gt 08



USA

Sri Lanka


Discussion Point 6


Take 10 mins





















heat organic fuels




0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50


Discussion Point 6


Take 10 mins





















heat organic fuels




0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50





















heat organic fuels




0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50


0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50


0

10

20

30

40

50

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Petroleum

Coal

Dry Natural Gas

Hydroelectric Power






0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power






0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Hydroelectric Power








More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Slide 49

Slide 50




More people

More pollution







0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

Lower middleincome

Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

Slide 14

Slide 15

Slide 16

Slide 17

Slide 18

Slide 19

Slide 20

Slide 21

Slide 22

Slide 23

Slide 24

Slide 25

Slide 26

Slide 27

Slide 28

Slide 29

Slide 30

Slide 31

Slide 32

Slide 33

Slide 34

Slide 35

Slide 36

Slide 37

Slide 38

Slide 39

Slide 40

Slide 41

Slide 42

Slide 43

Slide 44

Slide 45

Slide 46

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0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

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Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005


0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

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Upper middleincome

High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

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0102030405060708090

100



International $)

Low income

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High income

in 2005









Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

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Discussion Point 7


Take 10 mins


Food for thought













Puffin Classics

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Food for thought













Puffin Classics

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should we place a limit on the global co 2 emissions to ensure sustainable development?

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