Shoulder Conditions

Chapter 11

Articulations

Sternoclavicular (SC)

Acromioclavicular (AC)

Coracoclavicular (CC)

Glenohumeral (GH)

Scapulothoracic

Sternoclavicular Joint

Surrounded anteriorly and posteriorly by 4 ligaments InterclavicularCostoclavicularAnterior sternoclavicularPosterior sternoclavicular

SC enables rotation of the clavicle with respect to the sternum

Acromioclavicular Joint

Acromion process of the scapula with the distal clavicle is the jointSuperior and Inferior acromioclavicular

ligamentsCoracoacromial ligament

AC enables limited motion in all three planes of movement

Coracoclavicular Joint

Coracoid process of the scapula and the inferior surface of the clavicle.Coracoclavicular ligament

Resists upward movement of the clavicle, downward movement of the scapula, and anteroposterior movement of the clavicle or scapula.

Glenohumeral Joint

Articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerusSuperior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral

ligaments

Allows just about all ranges of motion in all three planes

Scapulothoracic Joint

Muscles attaching to the scapula from the thoracic trunk area allow the scapula to move

Stabilizes the shoulder-

Permits many movements of the shoulder

Bursae

Subcoracoid

Subscapularis

SubacromialCushion the rotator cuff muscles from

overlying bone

Movements

Flexion

Extension

Hyperextension

Abduction

Adduction

Horizontal Adduction

Horizontal Abduction

Medial rotation (internal)

Lateral rotation (external)

Shoulder Movements

Scapulohumeral rhythm

Sternoclavicular Joint Sprain

Acromioclavicular Joint Sprain

Glenohumeral Joint Sprain

Glenohumeral Instability

Glenohumeral Dislocations and Subluxations

Glenoid Labrum Tears

Rotator Cuff/Impingement Injuries

Bursitis

Bicipital Tendinitis and Tendon Rupture

Thoracic Outlet Compression Syndroms

Clavicular Fractures

Blow or fall on the point of the shoulder

Figure 8 brace is worn for 4 to 6 weeks

Pain will be persistent on palpation and active movements

Scapular Fractures

Spine of scapula, acromion process, coracoid process, or the glenohumeral joint

Either direct trauma or a forceful contraction of the attaching muscle

Epiphyseal and Avulsion Fractures

Growth plates do not close until 18 to 25 years of age

Excessive movements of these plates can cause fractures

Humeral Fractures

Violent compressive forces from a direct blow

Fracture is commonly found in the surgical neck