Shrubs:

American Cranberrybush........................................................................................................................................2 American Hazelnut.................................................................................................................................................3 Arrowwood............................................................................................................................................................4 Black Chokeberry...................................................................................................................................................5 Common Purple Lilac.............................................................................................................................................6 Flame Willow.........................................................................................................................................................7 Highbush Cranberry...............................................................................................................................................8 Juneberry/Serviceberry...........................................................................................................................................9 Persian Lilac.........................................................................................................................................................10 Redosier Dogwood..............................................................................................................................................11

Small Trees:

Apricot.................................................................................................................................................................12 Native American Plum.........................................................................................................................................13 Canada Red Cherry.............................................................................................................................................14 Common Chokecherry.........................................................................................................................................15 Hickory................................................................................................................................................................16 Mountain Ash......................................................................................................................................................17 Pin Cherry............................................................................................................................................................18 Pussy Willow.......................................................................................................................................................19 Red Splendor Crabapple......................................................................................................................................20 Washington Hawthorn.........................................................................................................................................21

Large Trees:

Green Ash...........................................................................................................................................................22 Hackberry............................................................................................................................................................23 Little Leaf Linen.................................................................................................................................................24 Red Maple...........................................................................................................................................................25 Red Oak..............................................................................................................................................................26 Silver (Soft) Maple..............................................................................................................................................27 Siouxland Cottonwood.......................................................................................................................................28 Siouxland Poplar.................................................................................................................................................29 Sugar Maple........................................................................................................................................................30 White Ash...........................................................................................................................................................31 White Oak...........................................................................................................................................................32

Evergreen:

Austrian Pine.......................................................................................................................................................33 Black Hills Spruce...............................................................................................................................................34 Colorado Spruce..................................................................................................................................................35 Concolor Fir........................................................................................................................................................36 Eastern Red Cedar..............................................................................................................................................37 Norway Pine........................................................................................................................................................38 Ponderosa Pine....................................................................................................................................................39 White Cedar........................................................................................................................................................40 White Pine...........................................................................................................................................................41

2

American Cranberrybush

Hardiness Zones: 2 - 7 Growth Rate: Moderate Site Requirements: Does well in full sun, partial shade. Soil: The American Cranberrybush grows in acidic, loamy, moist, rich, sandy, silty loam, well

drained, wet soils. Form: Rounded shape. Height: 8 to 12 feet Width: 8 to 12feet Flower/Fruit: Showy, snow-white, flat-topped flowers are 3"-4 1/2" in diameter that bloom in mid

to late May. Beginning in September, bright red fruits serve as food for birds and wildlife.

Comments: Excellent fall foliage color which may be yellow, red, orange or burgundy is just one of the many attributes of this large and attractive native shrub.

3

American Hazelnut

Hardiness Zones: 4 - 9 Growth Rate: Medium to Fast Site Requirements: Multi-stemmed shrub with a rounded top and an open, often wide-spreading

base. Because of its size, it adapts well to naturalizing and other nonformal areas.

Soil: The American Hazelnut grows in acidic, alkaline, drought tolerant, loamy, moist, rich, sandy, well drained, wide range, clay soils.

Form: Rounded shape. Height: 15 to 18 feet Width: 10 to 12 feet Flower/Fruit: It bears annual, abundant crops of small, sweet tasting nuts. It will bear in 2-3 years

after planting. The nuts are easy to crack and drop free of the husk when mature. (Plant multiple trees with the same flowering time to ensure pollination)

Comments: The nuts produced by American hazelnut are a preferred by squirrels, deer, turkey, woodpeckers, pheasants, grouse, quail, and jay. The male catkins are a food staple of ruffed grouse throughout the winter.

4

Arrowwood

Hardiness Zones: 3 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: Moist, well drained, not tolerant of drought. Full-partial sun. Soil: Prefers acidic soils but adapts well to a variety of soils. Form: Multi-stemmed with dense, upright arching trunks. Height: 6 to 10 feet Flower/Fruit: White creamy flowers. Birds like the fruit. Comments: The fruits of trees related to this species are used to produce jam.

5

Black Chokeberry

Hardiness Zones: 3 - 8 Growth Rate: Fast Site Requirements: Full sun to partial shade Soil: Easily grown in average, medium, well-drained soil. Tolerant of wide range of soils, including

both dry and boggy soils. Form: Black chokeberry is an open, upright, spreading, somewhat rounded but leggy, Height: 3 to 6 feet Width: 3 to 6 feet Flower/Fruit: White flowers in spring which are followed in early autumn by blackish purple,

blueberry-sized fruits which usually do not persist into winter. Comments: Although technically edible, the fruits are extremely tart and bitter, and are not

recommended for eating off the bush (hence the common name of chokeberry), but may be used for making tasty jams and jellies.

6

Common Purple Lilac

Hardiness Zones: 2 Growth Rate: Fast Site Requirements: Full sun. Drought tolerant, does not withstand ponding. Soil: Adapted to a wide variety of soils. Form: A medium to large hardy shrub with stout, spreading branches developing a somewhat oval to irregularly rounded crown. Height: 8-12 feet Width: 6-12 feet Flower/Fruit: Showy, fragrant flowers. Comments: Fair wildlife value. Spreads by suckering.

7

Flame Willow

Hardiness Zones: 3 - 6 Growth Rate: Fast Site Requirements: Full sun to light shade. Must have ample water and moist soil. Soil: Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions. Form: Rounded Height: 10 to 20 feet Width: 15 to 20 feet Flower/Fruit: Not applicable Comments: A beautiful specimen by water, but don't plant this tree anywhere near a septic system

and its lines or you and the Roto-Rooter man will know each other on a first name basis.

8

Highbush Cranberry

Hardiness Zones: 2 to 9 Habit: A deciduous shrub dense, rounded crown. Growth Rate: Moderate Site Requirements: Prefers partial shade or partial sun to full sun. Fair drought resistance. Soil: Moist, well-drained soil; suffers with excess moisture. Form: Rounded Height: 8 to 12 feet Width: 8 to 12 feet Flower/Fruit: White flowers blooming in early June. Edible red drupe maturing in September. Comments: Excellent wildlife value. Foliage comes out with a tinge of red in the spring.

9

Juneberry/Serviceberry

Hardiness Zones: 2 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: Full to partial sunlight. Poor drought tolerance. Does not withstand ponding. Soil: Prefers moist loams. High organic matter. Form: Hardy, medium to tall upright shrub. Height: 6-15 feet Width: 5-12 feet Flower/Fruit: White berries. High quality wildlife food. Comments: Excellent Wildlife Value. Good for screen planting and landscape borders.

10

Persian Lilac

Hardiness Zones: 4-7 Growth Rate: Rapid Site Requirements: Sun to partial shade; well-drained soil. Soil: Widely adaptable Form: Upright; slightly arching branches. Height: 4-8' Flower/Fruit: Pale lilac flowers on 2 to 3" panicles on previous season's growth; fragrant. Comments: Very susceptible to mildew; prune to keep center open.

11

Redosier Dogwood

Hardiness Zones: 2 to 8 Growth Rate: Rapid Site Requirements: Full to partial sun. Poor drought resistance. Soil: Adaptable to a variety of soils. Prefers wet to moist loamy soils. Form: Small to medium sized shrub with numerous stems forming thickets up to 15 feet tall. Height: 7 to 10 feet Width: 10 to 15 feet Flower/Fruit: Small, dull white in flat top cluster; Dull white, 1/4 to 1/3 inch in diameter in rounded clusters. Comments: Excellent wildlife value.

12

American Plum

Hardiness Zones: 3-9 Growth Rate: Rapid Site Requirements: Full Sun. Moderate drought resistance. Soil: Adaptable to wide variety of soil types / well drained. Form: Often grown as a shrub but can be grown as a tree; thicket forming; spreading branches; broad crown; thorn like side branches. Height: 12 to 20 feet Width: 12 to 20 feet Flower/Fruit: White, fragrant flowers in early spring; rounded 1" red or yellow fruit in mid

summer. Comments: Very good wildlife value. Native; thrives with neglect.

13

Apricot

Hardiness Zones: 5-9 Growth Rate: Fast Site Requirements: Grows best in full sun Soil: This tree requires moist, well drained soil and is not drought tolerant. Grows in sandy well drained soils as well. Form: Apricots are small to medium sized trees with spreading canopies. They are generally kept under 12' in cultivation, but capable of reaching 45 ft in their native range. Height: 15 to 25 feet Flower/Fruit: A landscape tree with attractive leaves and pink or white flowers, Large, smooth, orange-gold skin, orange flesh fruit. Comments: Because the Apricot Tree blooms so early, you’ll be able to start picking loads of fresh apricots early in the summer.

14

Canada Red Cherry

Hardiness Zones: 2 - 6 Growth Rate: Fast Site Requirements: Grow well in alkaline soil, extremely hardy and drought tolerant. Prefers full to partial sun and is upright and spreading. Soil: Well drained loams Height: 20 to 25 feet Width: 18 to 25 feet Flower/Fruit: Clusters of white flowers in spring. The berries are maroon colored and quite juicy with a sweet flavor when ripe. Comments: Good wildlife value. Vigorous growth. Berries when ripe can be used for jellies, jams and wine.

15

Common Chokecherry Hardiness Zones: 2 - 6 Growth Rate: Moderate to rapid Site Requirements: Full to partial sun. Extremely adaptable, drought tolerant. Soil: Prefers moist to dry loams. Form: Oval rounded crown; crooked stems; dense. Height: 20 to 30 feet Width: 10 to 20 feet Flower/Fruit: White flowers in spring; red fruit turns black. Comments: One of the most important plants for wildlife food and cover. Seeds in large quantities are poisonous to humans and should not be eaten by children.

16

Hickory

Hardiness Zones: 4-8 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: The shagbark hickory grows well in both dry and wet soil conditions, but prefers well-drained soils. Soil: Hickory is often very common on clayey soils. Form: Tall, narrow crown. Height: 20 feet Flower/Fruit: A nut that is oval in shape and has an outer husk that splits into four sections when ripe, revealing the single, white, thin-shelled nut whose sweet kernel is edible. Comments: Shagbarks are commonly found in association with oak trees. Use the nuts in baked goods, cookies, cakes, salads and game dishes in early August until the supply is gone.

17

Mountain Ash

Hardiness Zones: 2-6 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: Sun; range of soil types; dislikes dry soil. Soil: Moist soils Form: Short trunk with spreading branches; narrow open rounded crown with age. Height: 10 to 30 feet Width: 15 feet Flower/Fruit: White flowers; bright red to orange red berries in fall that last into the winter. Comments: Native; short lived; fruit attracts birds.

18

Pin Cherry Hardiness Zones: 3 to 9 Growth Rate: Rapid Site Requirements: Full Sun. Soil: Pin Cherry is adaptable in a wide variety of soil conditions. Form: Pyramidal shape. Height: 5 - 15 feet Width: 5 - 10 feet Flower/Fruit: Small and white in flat-topped clusters of 5 to 7. Small, round, bright red cherries,

with a sour-tasting flesh. Comments: Pin cherry responds well to clipping and/or browsing. Pin Cherry generally does well

under moderate to heavy browsing.

19

Pussy Willow

Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8 Growth Rate: Rapid Site Requirements: Full Sun. Soil: Very adaptable to a wide range of soil types, grows in acidic, loamy, moist, rich, well drained

soils. Form: This willow has oval shape. Height: 15 to 25 feet Width: 12 to 25 feet Flower/Fruit: Purplish-brown catkins that appear in March. Comments: The pussy willow has long been admired for its strong, spreading, upright stems,

colorful autumn leaves.

20

Red Splendor Crabapple

Hardiness Zones: 3 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: Full to partial sun. Moderate drought tolerance. Soil: Heavy loams, adaptable. Form: Tall and spreading Height: 20-30 feet Width: 15 to 25 feet Flower/Fruit: Bright red 1/2 inch fruit. Comments: Crabapples provide fair cover and high quality fruit and browse for many birds and mammals. Rodents and rabbits can destroy trees by girdling the stem or trunk.

21

Washington Hawthorn

Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8 Growth Rate: Moderate Site Requirements: Full Sun. Soil: grows in acidic, alkaline, drought tolerant, loamy, moist, sandy, well drained, wet, wide range,

clay soils. Form: Washington Hawthorn has pyramidal shape. Height: 25 to 30 feet Width: 25 feet Flower/Fruit: White flowers in early June start the color show. This tree produces a bright red fruit

1/4" in diameter. Very attractive to birds, with little or no litter as a result. Comments: Produces abundant fruit which are eaten by birds & mammals. It is important nectar

plant for bees.

22

Green Ash

Hardiness Zones: 3 to 9 Growth Rate: Rapid Site Requirements: Full Sun. Moderate drought tolerance. Soil: Very adaptable to a wide range of soil types (organic, clay, sandy, or rocky). Form: A medium-sized tree with an irregular crown. Height: 35 to 65 feet Width: 30 to 40 feet Flower/Fruit: Elongated, winged, single-seeded samara borne in clusters; large seed crops produced each year. Comments: Excellent wildlife value. Noted for being extremely tolerant to many types of environmental stresses.

23

Hackberry

Hardness Zones: 3-9 Growth Rate: Fast Site Requirements: Hackberry grows naturally in moist bottomland soil, but will grow rapidly in a variety of soil types from moist, fertile soils to hot, dry, rocky locations in the full sun. Soil: Clay; loam; sand; acidic; alkaline; extended flooding; well-drained. Form: Moderate, round vase shaped. Height: 45-80 feet Flower/Fruit: Black, purple, and red - round and fleshy. Comments: Hackberry is planted as a street tree in Midwestern cities because of its tolerance to a wide range of soil and moisture conditions.

24

Littleleaf Linden

Hardness Zones: 3-7 Growth Rate: Moderate Site Requirements: The tree grows in sun or partial shade, will tolerate alkaline soil if it is moist,

and it transplants well. It is not particularly tolerant of drought, scorching at the leaf margins in summer drought. But this apparently does little long-term harm. Many communities plant Linden along the streets due to its rapid growth rate and dense, symmetrical crown but Littleleaf Linden is sensitive to road salt.

Soil: The Littleleaf Linden grows in acidic, alkaline, moist, rich, sandy, well drained, wet, clay soils. Form: This linden has oval, pyramidal shape. Height: 50-60 feet Width: 40 feet Flower/Fruit: This tree produces bright yellow flowers that are very fragrant and attractive against

the dark green leaves. The fruit of this Linden is similar to a peppercorn in size and shape and is light tan in color.

Comments: The lumber from the Linden is light and strong, often used for wooden spoons and other utensils and in inexpensive furniture.

25

Red Maple

Hardiness Zones: 2 - 8 Growth Rate: Fast Site Requirements: Full sun. Prefers moist, well drained sites; tolerates wide variety of sites. Poor drought resistance. Soil: Adaptable to a wide variety of soils, except alkaline or poorly drained soils. Form: Multi-stemmed, variably rounded in outline. Height: 40 to 60 feet Width: 35 to 40 feet Flower/Fruit: Yellowish - white fragrant panicles; brown to red paired samaras. Comments: Good wildlife value. Useful in small landscapes, borders and in masses.

26

Red Oak

Hardiness Zones: 3 to 8 Growth Rate: Rapid Site Requirements: Full Sun Soil: Well drained soils but tolerates drought. Form: Symmetrically rounded, top can flatten with age. Height: 60 to 75' Leaf: Simple, 5 to 8 inches long, oblong in shape with 7 to 11 bristle-tipped lobes. Flower/Fruit: .7 to 1" acorn Comments: Easy to Transplant

27

Silver Maple

Hardness Zones: 3-9 Growth Rate: Fast Site Requirements: Very fast-growing. Leaves are green on top and silvery-white on the

underside, shimmering and dancing in the breeze. Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions. Because of a vigorous root system, plant 10' or more from sidewalks, drives, foundations, and sewer lines.

Soil: Tolerant of wide range of soil types, but prefers deep, moist, acid sites. Form: This maple has vase shape. Height: 50-80 feet Width: 35-50 feet Flower/Fruit: The fruit is elongated, 1-2 inches long, green to brown in color. Comments: The buds of the Silver Maple are eaten by squirrels in early spring. It also provides

nesting sites for ducks and other birds. Beavers find the trees delicious.

28

Siouxland Cottonwood

Hardiness Zones: 3 to 8 Growth Rate: Extremely Fast Site Requirements: Full sun Soil: Loam to sands Form: Pyramidal in youth; broad vase with open branches with age; becomes ragged and irregular. Height: 80 to 100' Flower/Fruit: Non-showy flowers; cottony mass. Comments: Easy to transplant; lifespan of roughly 70 years; messy tree; brittle wood.

29

Siouxland Poplar

Hardness Zones: 3 Growth Rate: Fast Site Requirements: Full sun Soil: Loam to sands Form: Rounded Height: 70-90 feet Width: 40 feet Flower/Fruit: Seedless Comments: This disease resistant cottonless poplar has larger foliage then common cottonwood.

30

Sugar Maple

Hardiness Zones: 3 to 8 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: Sun to partial shade; prefers evenly moist, well drained soil. Soil: Rich, moderately deep soils having even moisture coupled with good drainage. Form: Conical to round crown; dense foliage. Height: 50 to 75' Flower/Fruit: Small greenish yellow flowers in early spring. Comments: Does not do well in a restricted root zone tolerates shade better than most maples; leaf scorch may develop with drought.

31

White Ash

Hardiness Zones: 3 and 4 Growth Rate: Rapid Site Requirements: Full Sun; salt tolerant, not drought tolerant. Soil: Rich, well drained Form: Upright, oval form Height: 40-70' Flower/Fruit: Seeds Comments: Native

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32

White Oak

Hardiness Zones: 5-9 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: Partial shade to sun. Soil: Wet, moist or dry. Form: Majestic and wide spreading. Needs a lot of space. Height: 100' Flower/Fruit: Acorns Comments: Acorns from this tree provide food for many animals.

33

Austrian Pine

Hardiness Zones: 3 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: Full sun, one of the more adaptable pines. Soil: Moist, well-drained. Salt tolerant. Form: Dense pyramid when young, develops picturesque spreading crown when mature. Height: 40-60 feet Flower/Fruit: Cone Comments: Hardy and tolerant.

34

Black Hills Spruce

Hardiness Zones: 2-5 Growth Rate: Slow to moderate Site Requirements: Full Sun. Moderate drought tolerance. Soil: Moist, well-drained loams. Form: Conical; spire like Height: 40 to 60 feet Width: 15 to 25 feet Flower/Fruit: .75 to 1" purplish cones; mature to brown in fall. Comments: Excellent wildlife value. Used for Christmas trees and make excellent farmstead windbreaks.

35

Colorado Spruce

Hardiness Zones: 2 - 7 Growth Rate: Extremely slow growing Site Requirements: Full sun. Drought Tolerant. Soil: Prefers moist to well drained loams but will tolerate dry conditions. Form: Dense, narrow pyramidal with stiff horizontal branches. Height: 30 to 90 feet Width: 15 to 25 feet Flower/Fruit: 2 to 4 inch cones. Comments: More drought tolerant than other spruces; poor heat tolerance. Excellent for wildlife cover and windbreaks.

36

Concolor Fir

Hardiness Zones: 4 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: Full Sun, can withstand light shade. Soil: Deep, rich, moist soil. Does not tolerate heavy clay soil. Form: Pyramidal Height: 25-40 feet Width: 15-25 feet Flower/Fruit: Cones Comments: Well adapted to hot, dry summers.

37

Eastern Red Cedar

Hardiness Zones: 2-9 Growth Rate: Moderate Site Requirements: Grows best in full sun. Soil: This tree requires does well in moist, well drained soil and is drought tolerant. This tree grows

in sandy; silt loam well drained soils as well, or wide ranges of clay soils. Form: Dense pyramid shape excellent for windbreaks and screens. Birds love its berries. Medium

green foliage. Height: 40 to 50 feet Flower/Fruit: Female cones are ovoid, 1/4" across, ripening in one year, abundant in shiny colors

of brown to almost blue. Male staminate cones are yellow-brown and borne on separate plants.

Comments: Eastern Redcedar twigs and foliage are eaten by browsers. Seeds are eaten most extensively by cedar waxwings, a grayish-brown bird. Evergreen foliage provides nesting and roosting cover for sparrows, robins, mockingbirds, juncos, and warblers.

38

Norway Pine

Hardiness Zones: 3 Growth Rate: Slow Site Requirements: Full sun. Semi drought tolerant. Susceptible to salt damage dislikes compacted or dry soil. Soil: Sandy well drained soils. Form: Tall tree. Pyramidal when young, develops oval crown with age. Height: 50 to 80 feet Width: 25 to 30 feet Flower/Fruit: Cone Comments: Excellent wildlife value. State tree of Minnesota. Extremely cold hardy.

39

Ponderosa Pine

Hardiness Zones: 3-7 Growth Rate: Moderate Site Requirements: Grows best in full sun. Soil: The ponderosa pine prefers moist, well drained soil. Form: This pine has irregular, narrow, cylindrical shape. Height: 60 to 100 feet Flower/Fruit: Cones are solitary or in groups of 3-5, 3"-6" long, light reddish brown, matte or

glossy. May be produced as early as seven years with irregular good crops depending upon the variety.

Comments: The seeds provide food for birds and small mammals particularly turkeys, nuthatches, crossbills, grosbeaks, grouse, squirrels, chipmunks, and mice. Snags provide a large number of wildlife species with nesting and roosting sites.

40

White Cedar

Hardiness Zones: 3 Growth Rate: Extremely Slow Site Requirements: Grows in wet, marshy areas, can also tolerate dry conditions. Soil: Very wet to very dry soils. Form: Conical Height: 40-50' Flower/Fruit: Cone Comments: Decay resistant wood.

41

White Pine

Hardiness Zones: 3-8 Growth Rate: Rapid Site Requirements: Full to partial sun. Does not do well in clay soils. Not drought tolerant. Soil: Moist sand or loam. It is often intolerant of soils that are alkaline in pH and poorly drained. Performs best in evenly moist, rich, well-drained, acidic soils. Form: Conical; spire like Height: 80 to 100 feet Width: 20 to 40 feet Flower/Fruit: The flower is a bunch of small oval shaped cylinders with little lump’s covering it. The fruit of the white pine is its pinecone. Comments: Excellent wildlife habitat. Tallest conifer in Minnesota. Used extensively in reforestation projects. White Pine’s strait trunk was the choice wood for mast poles back when sailing ships were used.