shukla (1)
TRANSCRIPT
CERTIFICATE
22Cert i f i ed that
; 1 >
(2)
(3 )
C4>
Mr. Kaut i lya M. Shukla has completed hi s re search work lead ing to Ph.D degree
on, "Univer s i ty l ibrar i e s in Gujarat " , under my guidance.
The thes i s embodie s the work o f the candidate h imse l f .
The candidate worked under my guidance for the per iod required under para 8 (c)
of the Ph.D ord inance.
In my opinion, the thes i s ful f i l e s the requirement s of the ord inance re lat ing to Ph.D
degree o f Vikram Un iver s i t y.
The thes i s i s the orig inal work o f the candidate and i s sa t i s fac tory from the po int
vi ew of language and pre sentat ion o f subjec t mat ter.
I recommend the thes i s for evaluat ion.l iakar sankrant iUj jain
44
APHNOWIEDQEHENTS
My great e s t debt i s to my guide Dr. A. Tejomurty Reader,
School of Stud ie s in Library and Informat ion S c i e n c e . I t i s s imply not po s s ib l e to
expre s s in word s my deep s e n s e o f grat i tude to h im for hi s abl e guidance. Dr. A.
Te j omu r t y g a v e m e hi s t ime most wil l ingly and in cr i t i ca l momen t s i n my wo r k ,
in s ta l l ed in me a s en se o f conf idence . Above a l l , I am v e r y grate ful for the
af fe c t ion which he had shown f o r me and t h e intere s t wh i c h he evinced m my work
and p r o g r e s s . I c o n s i d e r my se l f very fortunate to have encouragement f r om
him.
I thank the univer s i ty l ibrar ians of di f f erent univer s i t i e s o f Gujarat , for their
help in provid ing t h e r e q u i r e d in format ion concerning their l ibrar ie s .
On t h e domest i c s ide , throughout t h e per iod o f my research wo r k I remained
high ly pre-occupied . It did m e an s om e n e g l e c t o f my parent s and my fami ly m emb e r s .
Bu t an x i e t i e s a n d exci t ement s were unders tood and shared . I ow e mu c h t o my p a r e n t s ,
wife Pa l l a v i , sons Ankit and Anku r for t h e i r s i l e n t contr ibut ion i n my s tudy by a l l
mean s .
I am indebted to the d i f f e rent authors on the subjec t whose works I have
e i ther consul t ed or quoted . A big vo t e of thanks goes to my fr i end Indraj ee t Singh
Chauhan for
5
hi s cord ia l and wil l ing co-operat ion.
Las t but not l ea s t , I am thankful to al l tho se se en
and un seen head s and hands who have been o f direc t or ind irec t help in the complet ion o f
my work.
Makar Sankrant i
January 14, 1990 K H SHUKLA
Uj jain
6
PREFACE
The hal lmark o f the human spi r i t i s i t s re l ent le s s pursu i t of truth , i t s
uni te rrupted inte l l e c tual ques t , re s t l e s s meander ings and the determined sal l i e s o f the
unconquerabl e mind of man into art , l i t erature , cul ture and the myster i e s of nature have
re sul t ed in a mas s o f exper ience of knowledge which mankind has acquired s ince the very
dawn of h i s tory. This mas s o f exper ience and knowledge, i s embodied in books that are
acquired and pre served in a high ly se l ec t ive manner in univer s i ty l ibrar ie s . Thus univer s i ty
l ibrar i e s are sanctuari e s where the human spir i t i s pre served .
In the modern s en se our un iver s i ty l ibrar ie s have only century o ld
trad i t ion. Since 1B73 univer s i ty l ibrar ie s of the country have witnes sed a swel l o f
change because o f the emergence o f Dr. S.R.Ranganathan on the l ibrary horizon, the
recommendat ions o f Radhakri shnan Commis s ion (1948-1949), the incept ion o f the
Univer s i ty Grant s Commis s ion in 1956, and the recommendat ions o f the Kothari
Commis s ion (19641966). Bes ide s th i s the Seminar of un iver s i ty Librar ians
(Jaipur) (1966), the Seminar on Work Flow in Univer s i ty Librar ie s
(1966) and Car l M. White's survey o f Delh i univer s i ty l ibrary, and the
recommendat ions o f the seminar on Nat ional Poli cy on univer s i ty l ibrar i e s (1986) have
given a fr e sh thought , orientat ion and new dimens ion to univer s i ty 1 ibrarian sh ip in
the country. All the se factor s have brought major change in the outbook of univer s i ty
l ibrar ians , the ir
7
s t atu s and service condit ions , the ir educat ion and train ing programme. This change has
interpret ed a l ibrar ian f rom cus tod ian to the interpret er o f knowledge and l ibrar i e s turned
into temple s o f l earning.
Even though th i s change in out look of the people about the
ut i l i ty o f the un iver s i ty l ibrar ie s which are important fac tor s in the
country's development of the cul tural , po l i t i cal , soc ial , sc i ent i f i c and
technologica l , has not helped in return to the univer s i ty l ibrar i e s ,
a l though l ibrar ie s have served them. The univer s i ty l ibrar ie s are s t rugg l ing hard
to meet the requirement s o f the univer s i ty community, but i t s re source s
are very s carce and l imit ed to al low them to fu l f i l the ir funct ions and service s in context
to the requirement s of i t s c l i ente l e .
Univer s i ty l ibrar i e s in India have ach ieved more or le s s s imi lar i t i e s in their
at t i tudes and approaches to the problems, a ims and object ive s and uni formity in i t s
organ izat ion and admini s t rat ion. Bes ide s the se s imi lar i t i e s , there are incons i s t enc ie s and
inequal i t i e s in the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s o f Gujarat in re lat ion to l ibrary management , l ibrary
co l le c t ion, l ibrary f inances , l ibrary servi ce s , l ibrary bui ld ings , s ta f f , and l ibrary membersh ip.
In India f ew s tud i e s have been made by eminent scho lar s , and l ibrary
s c ient i s t regard ing the var ious a spect s of the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in general . The problems
o f univer s i ty l ibrar i e s o f Gujarat are acute l ike inadequat e f inances , vacant po s t s ,
under s t af f , in suf f i c i ent read ing
8
mater ial and equipment , inef f i c i ent l ibrary s ervi ce s , increas ing number
of s tudent s enro lment , lack o f proper phys ical fac i l i t i e s , require immediat e
at t ent ion and prompt act ion by the authori t i e s concerned to improve the s i tuat ion o f
univer s i ty l ibrar i e s of the re spect ive univer s i t i e s .
The whole thes i s i s divided into e igh t chapter s . Chapter one i s an introduct ion
to the s tat e of Gujarat and i t s important feature s in re lat ion to higher educat ion. This
chapter deal s with the ro l e and funct ions of the univer s i ty l ibrary; development of
univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in modern India and in Gujarat , the importance, s cope and
methodology of the pre sent s tudy.
Chapter two l ibrary management deal s with the i s sue s o f l ibrary management ,
ro l e o f Execut ive Counci l and the Library Commit tee ; l ibrary per sonnel , the ir s tatus ,
qual i f i ca t ions , s ta f f manual and facul ty re lat ionsh ip are covered in th i s chapter. The general
accepted norms and the po s i t ion in Gujarat are al so di s cu s sed .
Chapter three deal s with l ibrary co l lec t ion cover ing acqui s i t i anal programme,
book se l ec t ion po l i cy, books and period ica l co l l ec t ions , non book mater ia l and i t s po s i t ion
in the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in Gujarat .
Chapter four di s cu s se s l ibrary f inances in which an
at tempt has been made to make comparat ive po s i t ion of the•a
di f f er ent univer s i ty l ibrar i e s at every s tage in re la t ion to thei r re source s ,
expend i ture , budget ing and budgetary
9
proport ions and s tandard s , account ing and audit ing.
Chapter f ive switches over to l ibrary s ervi ce s , sp l i t in to two, technica l service s
and reader servi ce s . Technica l s ervi ce s di s cu s sed are , c las s i f i cat ion, cata loguing , bind ing ,
s tock ver i f i ca t ion, reprography. And an at t empt i s made to f indout whether the trad i t ional
reader s s ervi ce s have been provided by the univer s i ty l ibrar i e s o f Gujarat to their user s l ike
c irculat ion, re fe rence , bib l iograph ica l , documentat ion, and in format ion service s .
Chapter s ix moves on to d i scu s s ion of l ibrary cooperat ion. The need for co-
operat ion, inter l ibrary loan , re source shar ing, inter- l ibrary s tudy fac i l i t i e s , union
cataloguing, local , nat ional and internat ional cooperat ion, and thei r po s i t ion among the
univer s i ty l ibrar i e s o f the s tat e i s evaluat ed .
Chapter s even provides the principle s o f planning, funct ional view of l ibrary
bui ld ing, modular planning , locat ion of the bui ld ings , space requirement s and es t imat ion,
and future cons iderat ions . The po s i t ion o f univer s i ty l ibrar i e s in Gujarat i s d i scu s s ed .
Chapter e igh t conclude s the whole work , and an at t empt has been made to
e laborate observat ions and sugges t ions pertain ing to un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s
of the s t ate .
U j jain January 14,
1990
1010
LIST QF TABIES
S.NO. HEADING PAGE NO.
1 Comparat ive po s i t ion o f univer s i ty 56 l ibrar ian s in l ibrary
commit te e s and
academic bodie s o f the univer s i ty.
2 Comparat ive s t atement of publ ic re lat ions 60 in univer s i t i e s of Gujarat .
3 Pay scal e s o f l ibrary s ta f f 64
4 Revis ed pay scal e s of l ibrar ian s in the 65 univer s i t i e s from 1.1.1986
5 Comparat ive po s i t ion o f s t af f in the 69 univer s i ty l ibrar i e s o f Gujarat
6 Comparat ive s ta tement o f pay scal e s o f l ibrary 70 staf f in Gujarat with e f f ec t
from 1.1.1986
7 Comparat ive po s i t ion of books in the 89 univer s i ty, l ibrar ie s in Gujarat
8 Comparat ive po s i t ion o f sub j ec : t -wi s e current 93 period ical s in the
univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in
Gujarat in 1987
9 Comparat ive po s i t ion o f subjec t -wise percentage 95 of number of per iod ica l s
subcr ibed in un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s in Gujarat .
10 Allocat ion to l ibrar i e s out o f univer s i ty 108 budget
11 Recurr ing grant s to univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in 111 Gujarat by the UGC during
plan per iod .
11
12 Non- recurr ing grant s to univer s i ty l ibrar i e s 114 in Gujarat by the UGC during
plan per iod
13 Ad-hoc grant s given by the UGC to univer s i ty 116 l ibrar ie s in Gujarat
14 Library f ee s c o l l e c e d b y t h e un i v e r s i t i e s i n 122 Gujarat
15 Fines co l lec t ed by t h e un i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i n 124 Gujarat
16 Financial r e s o u r c e s o f t h e M .S . un i v e r s i t y 127 1ibrary
17 Financial re source s o f Gu j a r a t Un i v e r s i t y 129 Iibrary
18 Financial r e s o u r c e s o f S .P. Un i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y 131
19 Financial r e s o u r c e s o f S au r a s t r a Un i v e r s i t y 132 1ibrary
20 Financial re source s o f South Gujarat Univer s i ty 134 l ibrary
21 Comparat ive analys i s of total univer s i ty 136 l ibrar ie s income in
Gu j a r a t
22 Expenditure o f the M.S. Univer s i ty l ibrary 143
23 Expenditure o f the Gu j a r a t Univer s i ty l ibrary 147
24 Expenditure o f the S.P. Univer s i ty l ibrary 150
25 Expenditure o f the Sauras t ra Univer s i ty l ibrary 152
26 Expenditure o f the South Gujarat Univer s i ty 154 l ibrary
27 Expenditure o f the Bhavnagar Univer s i ty l ibrary 156
28 Over al l growth o f expend i ture of univer s i ty 160 l ibrar i e s in Gujarat during
plan per iod .
P a g e ( s ) 12
29 Total recurr ing expend i ture of univer s i ty 164 l ibrar ie s in Gujarat
30 Percentage of univer s i ty l ibrary expend i ture 170 to to ta l univer s i ty expend i ture
in Gujarat
31 Proport ion of univer s i ty l ibrary expend i ture 173 to to ta l univer s i ty
expend i ture o f Gujarat univer s i ty, Ahmedabad
32 Total budgetary proport ion o f recurr ing i t ems 177 of un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s of
Gujarat dur ing plan s
33 Comparat ive s t atement of the books i s sued 209 to var ious cat egory
o f reader s at a t ime and
for how much t ime
34 Comparat ive s ta tement o f number o f books i s sued 211 by a l ibrary in a given
year
35 Comparat ive growth in the number of members in 214 the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s
in Gujarat
36 Inter l ibrary borrowing among univer s i ty 254 l ibrair e s o f Gujarat
37 Inter l ibrary lend ing among univer s i ty 254 l ibrari e s of Gujarat
38 Comparat ive po s i t ion o f s tack area and i t s 306 hous ing capac i ty
in univer s i ty l ibrar ie s o f Gujarat
39 Number of reader's seat s and area in general 308
read ing rooms in the un iver s i ty l ibrar ie s of
Gujarat .
P a g e ( s )C O N T E N TS
A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s i - i i i
P r e f a c e i v - l x
M a p s , P h o t o s , C h a r t s & T a b l e s x - x i i i
C HA P T E RS
t I n t r o d u c t i o n 1-45
39 Un i v e r s i t y L i b r a r y M a n a g e m e n t 46-118
40 Un i v e r s i t y L i b r a r y C o l l e c t i o n 11 9 - 1 5 3
4. Univer s i ty Library F i n a n c e s 154-204
5 Univer s i ty l i b r a r y S e r v i c e s 2 0 5 - . 5 6
B. U n i v e r s i t y L i b r a r y C o - o p e r a t i o n 2 5 7 - 3 0 7
41 Un i v e r s i t y L i b r a r y B u i l d i n g 3 0 8 - 3 9 9
42 O b s e r v a t i o n s a n d S u g g e s t i o n s 400-433
A P P E N D I C E S
S e l e c t e d R e a d i n g L i s t 434-441
Quest ionnaire 442-452
P a g e ( s )
CHAPTER 1
1 The s tat e of Gujarat
43 Locat i on
44 Populat ion
45 Educat ional feature s o f the s tat e
21 Univer s i t i e s in Gujarat
46 Role of the Univer s i ty Library
31 Funct ions o f Univer s i ty Library
311 Educat ional and re s earch funct ions o f un iver s i tyl ibrary
47 Deve lopment of univer s i ty l ibrar i e s in modern India
41 Development o f univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in Gujarat
48 Importance o f the s tudy
49 Scope of the s tudy
50 Methodology
CHAPTER 1
1 IH& STATE QF WJARAT
In the map of India , Gujarat took i t s po s i t ion on the 1s t May,
J960. Prior to that , i t was a part o f Bombay s ta te . Bombay s tat e
was bi furcated into Gujarat and Maharas t ra on the 1s t May,
1960. Gujarat has nineteen d i s t r i c t s : Ahmedabad , Amrel i , Banaskantha,
Baroda, Bharuch , Bhavnagar, Dangs , Gandhinagar, Jamnagar, Junagarh ,
Kheda, Kutch , Mehesana, Panchmahal , Rajkot , Sabarkantha,
Surat ,Surendranagar and Val sad . Gujarat i s having geograph ica l ly
two di s c inct regions , vir . Sauras t ra and Kutch . the princ iple language of the
s t ate i s Gujarat i . 11 LOCATION
Gujarat l i e s in the wes t e rn part of India. It i s bounded by the Arab ian sea in
the wes t , toward s the north o f Gujarat i s Rajas than, toward s ea s t i s Madhya Prade sh , and
in the south i s Maharas t ra . Gujarat touches the boundari e s o f the se s tat e s viz . Maharas t ra,
Madhya prade sh , Rajas than,and one country viz . Paki s tan . It has a terr i tory of 1,96,024
Sg. Kms. which i s about 6 percent of the country's to ta l area . Gujarat has about 4000
kms. of natural sea-coas t of Arabian sea.
12 POPULATION
Gujarat i s a balanced populat ed s t ate . As per 1981 census , Gujarat
had a populat ion o f 3,40,85,799 as again s t
India's to ta l populat i ion of 68 crore s and 52 lakh s . As again s t India's
total area o f 32.9 lakh Sq. km., Gujarat has 1.96 lakh Sq.km.With about 6
percent of the country's to tal a r e a , Gujarat support s 5 percent of the
country's to ta l populat ion. The dens i ty o f populat ion in Gujarat in 174 per
S q .km. , as again s t the dens i ty for the whole country o f 216 per Sq.Km. There
are 942 female s per 1000 male s in the s tat e , a s again s t the f igure s of 935
female s per 1000 male s in India. The rural urban rat io in Gujarat i s 70:30,
as again s t the country's rat io of 76:24 (1). 2 EDUCATIONAL FEATURES QJF £
. £ STATE
In the pre s ent century, Baroda i s the pioneer in the f i e ld o f l i t eracy and
educat ion, which has adopted compul sory free primary educat ion long back, before the
independence of India. Gujarat i s one of the fas t er growing s tate s o f India in the f ie ld o f
educat ion. The government i s spend ing a huge amount to increa se the
pr imary, s econdary and co l l egiate educat ion in the s t ate . There are ten univer s i t i e s ,
about 7800 co l lege teacher s are working in 300 co l l ege s , and 2 ,02 ,660
s choo l teacher s in 33,200 school s o f the s tat e(2). To promote primary educat ion in the
s t ate , text books and uni forms to the ch i ldren are provided free in the backward
and tr ibal areas of the s t ate . In the whole s ta te , f ree mid day meal s to the s tudent s o f
pr imary schoo l s are be ing made avai labl e . To promote higher educat ion among the women,
i t i s being made f ree for them. Accord ing to 1981 census l i t eracy i n Gujarat i s 43.7
percent a s again s t 36.2 percent for the whole country (3).
21 UNjVERSITEEg lit GUJARAT
There are in al l t en univer s i t i e s in Gujarat . Thes e univer s i t i e s were e s t ab l i shed
under d i f f e rent ac t s a s ment ioned below :
1 The Maharaja Sayaj i rao Univer s i ty of Baroda, Act 1949 (No.VII of 1949).
2 The Gujarat univer s i ty, Act 1950, (No. L o f 1949).
51 The Sardar Pate l univer s i ty, Act 1955 (No.XL of 1955).
52 The Gujarat Aruveda univer s i ty, Act 1966 (No. VIII of 1966)
53 The Sauras t ra Univer s i ty, Act 1967 (No. XXXIX of 1961)
54 The South Gujarat Univer s i ty, Act 1967 (No. XXXIX of 1967)
55 The Gujarat Agricul tural Univer s i ty, Act 1972 (No. XXIII of 1972).
56 The Bhavnagar Univer s i ty, Act 1978 (No.XVII of 1978)
9 The North Gujarat Univer s i ty, Act 1986 (No.XXXI of 1986) .
10 The Gujarat Vidyapi th (Deemed as Univer s i ty) (Which was e s tabl i shed in 1920, but given a des ignat ion o f deemed as un iver s i ty by Government o f India , Mini s t ry of Educat ion, not i f i cat ion No.F.10-20/62-U2, dated 16th July, 1963, under se c t ion 3 of the Univer s i ty Grant s Commis s ion, Act . , 1956. (3 of 1956).
The headquart er s and terr i tor ia l juri sd icat ion o f the di f f er ent univer s i t i e s in Gujrat i s as under : -
NAME OF THE UNIVERSITY HEAD- TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION
QUARTER (Revenue Dis t r ic t s)
The Maharaja Sayaj i rao Univer s i ty o f Baroda
Baroda Baroda on 1 y
ci ty
Vallabh-Vidyanagar
JamnagarRajkot
Surat Dant iwada
The Gujarat Univer s i ty Ahmedabad
3 The Sardar Pate l Univer s i ty
4 The Gujarat Ayurveda Univer s i ty
5 The Sauras t ra Univer s i ty
57 The South Gujarat Univer s i t y
58 The Gujarat Agr icul t ural Un iver s i t y
Baroda,Panchmahal , Kheda, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Kutch
Val labh-Vidyanagar c i ty only
All co l lege s or o ther educt ional in s t i tut ions in Gujarat impart ing in s t r uct ion exclus ive ly in Ayurveda
Rajkot ,Surendranagar Jamnagar,Junagadh, Amr e 1 i
Bharuch ,Surat , Val sad , Dangs
All co l lege s or o ther educat ional in s t i tut ions in Gujarat impart ing in s t ruct ion exclus ive ly in agri cu l ture and al l i ed sc i ence s
Ahmedabad59The Bhavnagar
Univer s i t y
60The North Gujarat Un iver s i t y
10 The Gujarat Vidhyap i th
Bhavnagar Bhavnagar
PatanMaheshana,Sabar-kantha,Banaskantha
Ahmedabad c i ty and other educat ional in s t i tut ions in Gujarat impart ing in s t ruct ion on the l ine o f Gandhian thought
m THE M.S.UNIVERSITY OF BARODA
GUJARAT UNIVERSITY■
m SARDAH PATH. UNIVERSITY
O GUJARAT AYURVEDA
UNIVERSITY
H SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY
m SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY
m GUJARAT AGRICULTURAL m «uw«n« UNIVERSITY
m BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY
m NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY
pi GUJARAT VIDYAPITHJURISDICTION OF UNIVERSITIES IN GUJARAT
3 ROLE OJF UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
We l ive in a world in which increa s ing spec ial izat ion i s e sent ial . Library could be
a principal operator in promot ing inter communicat ion amoung the spec ial i s t s . In thi s
democrat ic age al l the people need a s t eady and balanced supply of read ing mater ial for
their advancement o f knowledge. Univer s i ty l ibrary has to sat i s fy the need s of the graduate s ,
po s t -graduate s and must al so meet the requirement s of the re search s cho lar s , and the much
more complex and exac t ing demands o f the mature scho lar s .
Univer s i ty l ibrary i s an integral part o f an in s t i tut ion o f
higher educat ion. Thomas Carly l e has r igh t ly s ta ted that , " the true univer s i ty o f the se
days i s co l le c t ion o f books"(4). Univer s i ty i s an in s t i tut ion where teach ing and re search
are conducted in more than one di s c ip l ine of univer s e of knowledge,
and which has authori ty to award degrre s , diplomas and cert i f i cate s in
their re spect ive subjec t s . Student s , re search s cho lar s and teacher s are us ing l ibrary for
their advancement o f knowledge in thei r sub jce t of intere s t . It i s a l so true that , in
the academic sen se no ef f ec t ive work can be developed without a s t rong l ibrary as i t s
heart . S.R. Dongerkery, emphas i s ing the importance o f l ibrary in an academic
in s t i tutuion in hi s own word s , wri t e s A wel l s tocked and up- todat e l ibrary i s a s in e-qua-
non for every modern univer s i ty. It i s the centra'l worksh ip of the univer s i ty
which provides the s tudent s , the teacher s , the scho lar s and the re s earch worker with
the tool s required for t fhe advancement as wel l a s the acqui s i t ion of knowledge" (5).
23
The place o f l ibrary in the un iver s i ty i s part ly academic and part ly non-
academic. Rich co l le c t ion o f books at t ract s good facul ty member s , and a good facul ty in
turn at t rac t s good s tudent s . Thus the reputat ion o f a univer s i ty always depend s in
academic s en se on i t s co l lec t ion of books .
Library's ro l e in educat ion i s not conf ined to e l ementry and secondary
educat ion only. Rather, i t i s much mo r e important in h igher educat ion. It would not be an
exaggerat ion i f i t i s sa id that a l ibrary i s an es sent ial p r e -requi s i t e for succe s s ful implementat ion
of h igher educat ion programmes in knowledge. Without the help and co operat ion o f a l ibrary
no formal educat ional programme can f ruet i fy. In order to ach i eve the aims of a univer s i ty, i t
has to take help of i t s l ibrary.
L i t India commis s ion af t er commis s ion h a s emphas i s ed
t h e importance of l ibrar i e s in higher educat ion. Trie Calcut ta Univer s i ty Commis s ion
(1917-1919) recommended hat , i t i s r igh t and ♦ p r o p e r that the univer s i t i e s
should provide great l ibrar i e s and great laboratorie s o f re search w i t h great s cho lar s to
direc t t h em . I t further recommended that , the univer s i ty l ibrar ion ought to be
funct ionary of great impo r t a n c e , ranking with univer s i ty pro fe s sor s , and having a
place in the supreme academic body of the univer s i ty. In th i s
re spect , the Radhkri shnan Univer s i ty Educat ion Commis s ion (1948 -49 ) , observed
that the l ibrary i s t h e heart o f al l the univer s i ty's work; d irec t ly so as
24
regard s in re s earch work, and ind irect ly as regard s i t s educat ional work which
der ive s i t s l i f e from res earch .
Sciant i f i c re search require s a l ibrary as wel l a s i t s laboratori e s , whi le for
humani s t i c and soc ia l s c ience s re s earch the l ibrary i s both , l ibrary and laboratory.
The Kothari Educat ion Commis s ion (1964-65) was found very much consc ient ious
about the importance o f a l ibrary in an educat ional in s t i tut ion s tat ing that ,
"noth ing could be more damaging to growing department than to neglec t i t s l ibrary or give
to i t a low pr ior i ty. On the contrary, the l ibrary should be an important centre
of at t ract ion on the co l l ege a n d univer s i ty campus "(6). From the above expert s
opinion there i s no doubt about the importance of l ibrary in the educat ional
in s t i tut ions . In almost the same manner Univer s i ty Grant s Commit tee o f the
U.K.(1921) observed that , t h e charact er and ef f i c i ency of a univer s i ty may be gauged by i t s
t reatment of i t s centra l organ , the l ibrary. It regard s t h e fu l le s t provi s ion for
l ibrary maintenance as the primary and most vi ta l need in the
equipment o f a un iver s i ty(7).
"Univer s i ty l ibrary direc t s i t s ac t ivi t i e s toward s the ful f i lment of the
univer s i ty, which are as fo l lows: conservat ion of knowledge and ideas , t each ing , re s earch ,
publ icat ion, exten s ion and service , and interpretat ion of re s earch . The l ibrary ex i s t s not merely
to help in s t ruct ional funct ion at the univer s i ty, i t does a l so a good deal in aid of re search ,
which i s another major funct ion
25
of the univer s i ty. The l ibrary there fore per forms a var ie ty o f funct in s , by way o f
helping s tudent s with text books , re fer ence books and per iod ica l s ; by provid ing a large
number o f bib l iograph ica l too l s and up-to -date l i t e rature on every subject for s tudent s , teacher s
and re search workkers , a s wel l as by mainta in ing an e f f i c i ent re fer ence and in format ion
s ervi ce "C8). The un iver s i ty l ibrary serves as an important l ink in the chain between
re search and prac t ic e . It act s as the centre o f a l l academic act iv i t i e s o f the un iver s i ty. It
remains more than a l ibrary ; a laboratory;and a workshop.
31 FUNCTIONS Qf_ UNSVERStTY LIBRARY
Keeping in view the object ive s of univer s i ty educat ion, the Kothar i Educat ion
Commis s ion (1964-65) report def ine s the funct ions of univer s i ty l ibrar i e s ,a s under i
"(a) provide re source s nece s sary for re s earch in f ie ld s o f spec ia l intere s t to univer s i ty;
61 aid the univer s i ty teacher in keeping abreas t o f development s in hi s f i e ld ;
62 provide l ibrary fac i l i t i e s and servi ce s se condary for scucce s s of a l l formal
programmes o f in s t ruct ion;
63 open the door to the wide f ie ld of books that l i e beyond the border s o f
one's own f i e ld of spec ia l i zat ion; and
64 to bring books , s tudent s and scho lar s together under condit ions which encourage
read ing for pl ea sure , se l f d i scovery, per sonal growth and sharpening of
26
i n t e l l e c t u a l c u r i o s i t y " (9 ) .
Univer s i ty l ibrary serve s a s an valuab le aid in the conservat ion o f knowledge
and ideas , i f i t i s wel l organi sed and proper ly admini s t er ed by acquir ing and
proce s s ing read ing mater ia l s for their c l i ent le . It al so se rves as an ac t ive force
in the teach ing and re search programmes by d irect as s i s t ance to the teacher s ,
re search scho lar s and s tudent s . The univer s i ty l ibrary i s one o f the be s t
agnecy for co l le c t ing and organi s ing knowledge for e f f ec t ive use , and for provid ing
the se rvice s and phys i ca l fac i l i t i e s to encourage i t . The l ibrary ex i s t s not
merely to as s i s t t „he in s t ruct ional fuct ions o f the un iver s i ty, i t a l so helps a s * aid in
re search , which i s another major funct ion of the univer s i ty. Thus ,
univer s i ty l ibrary per forms a vari e ty pf funct ions , by way of help ing s tudent s in their
educat ion with text books , re fe rence books and period ial s and so on. It al so helps
teacher s and re search s cho lar s by provid ing a large number o f bibl iograph ical too l s ,
and up-to date l i t erature on every subject .
311 TEACHING AND RESEARCH FUNCTIONS QF. UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
Teach ing , re search and ext ens ion service are the three major aims o f a
modern univer s i ty. No univer s i ty can, however, deve lop or se t h igh s tandard s of
inte l l e c tual l i f e in scho lar sh ip and sc i ent i f i c re search without having at i t s centre a wel l
s tocked , wel l s t af f ed , and up to date l ibrary.
27
Library i s the heart of the univer s i ty i s cer ta in ly more true today than in the ear l i er days .
Without the heart funct ioning the body can not l ive , without a dynamic l ibrary any academic
work in the univer s i ty comes to a s t and s t i l l .
Library i s usual ly cons idered to be one of the focal po int s o f teach ing and
re s earch . Laboratory i s no doubt important for the expr imental sc i ence s , but l ibrary i s fas t
becoming the laboratory for the humanit i e s .
The ro le o f the l ibrary in the un iver s i ty i s not mere ly to provide
s t imulus to read ing which i s done in a vari e ty o f ways by provid ing mater ia l s
for teach ing and re search , by introducing var ious fac i l i t i e s for their
c l i ent le in a sy s t emat ic way. To make the l ibrary a parad i s e f o r re searcher s there
must be l iberal provi s ion of books of a l l categorie s and adequate funds for the
mainta inance o f s tock. Increa s ing emphas i s i s to be placed on the acqui s i t ion o f per iod ica l s .
A good l ibrary require s up to date co l lec t ion o f books and per iod ical s , which
can meet not only the requirement s o f today but al so o f tomorrow.
The univer s i ty l ibrary should make avai lab le the bibl iograph ical apparatu s ,
books , per iod ica l s , news paper s , manuscr ipt s , f i lms and other mater ia l s important to re search
programme. The l ibrary be ing the larges t re s evo i r of knowledge, i s vi ta l to any kind o f
re s earch in any f ie ld . The quant i ta t ive and qual i t at ive growth o f l i t e rature has nece sbs i t at ed
the preparat ion and avai labi l i ty of various
282 8
vari e t i e s of too l s l ike indexes , abs t ract s ,b ib l iograph ie s , documentat ion l i s t s e t c . by
the l ibrary. In the ab sence of such l ibrary too l s , the re searcher i s sure to wast e hi s or
her prec ious t ime in f ind ing out the re levant l i t e rature . It i s the univer s i ty l ibrary, which can
save the t ime and energy of the re searcher by making avai labl e r igh t type
o f l i t erature and in format ion through var ious l ibrary too l s at the r igh t t ime .The un iver s i ty
l ibrary can provide e f f ec t ive se rvice by keep ing a l i s t o f a l l the re search pro jec t s , that are
under taken in the d i f f er ent department s o f the un iver s i ty. Thus , the
univer s i ty l ibrary fac i l i t at e s re search by locat ing, retr i eving and di s s eminat ing in format ion to
the re s earcher s working in the d i f f er ent department s o f the univer s i ty.
The teach ing and re s earch funct ion of a univer s i ty l ibrary as contra s t ed with
l ibrary house -keeping funct ion re sul t s in the maximum at ta inment o f educat ional object ive s o f
the un iver s i ty. Wil son and Tauber def ine and di s t ingui sh between these two funct ions a s , "By
house-keeping l evel i s meant the employment o f admini s t rat ive procedure by which a minimum
of s ervi ce i s provided for the various groups
which compri s e the univer s i ty --------------------------Admini s t er ing the l ibrary at
a teach ing and re s earch l evel means exact ly the oppos i t e o f thi s . Such admini s t ra t ion i s bas ed
upon two as sumpt ions :
(a) that l earning i s promoted by mean s o f var ious methods , inc lud ing
l ibrary use a s wel l as the le c ture , the di s cu s s ion group, the laboratory
1 4
exerc i s e and the f ie ld tr ip , and (b) that the l ibrary may be admini s t e red in
such a way that i t may make a maximum contr ibut ion to the. learning
proce s s "(10) .
Admini s t er ing the l ibrary at a teach ing and re search l evel invo lve s the
recognit ion o f the idea that the l ibrary must play a po s i t ive ro l e rather than a merely
pas s ive one in univer s i ty educat ion. It can be po s s ib le only through some l ibrary
programmes l ike :
65 in i t iat ion of fr e sh c l i ente l e regard ing l ibrary, l ibrary ho ld ings ,
and l ibrary se rvice s by way of orientat ion programmes?
66 encouraging the read ing habi t s among the s tudent s
by various programmes and pract i s e s ;
67 as s i s t ing and guid ing the re s earcher s in the ways o f inves t igat ion and
re search ac t ivi t i e s ; and
68 provid ing as s i s t ance to the facul ty members in thei r day to day as s ignment o f
teach ing and re s earch work.
It i s t rue that , the we 11-equipped and wel l organi s ed l ibrary i s the mile
s tone of modern educat ional s t ructure . The nece s s i ty o f l ibrary in educat ion can be recogni s ed
proper ly and prec i s e ly only i f we try to under s t and the changing concept s o f educat ion o f th i s
day. Educt ion bere f t of l ibrary service i s l ike a body without
soul , a veh i c l e without i t s engine, and ed i f i ce merely a co l l ec t ion of bricks without
cement . Educat in and l ibrary s ervi ce s are twin s i s t er s and one can not l ive apart from the
o ther .
4 DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN MODERN INDIA
India, with a hoary pas t , has had the pr ivi l ege o f having famous
s eat s o f learn ing viz . , Taxi la and Nalanda- t h e monast ery univer s i t i e s , which had r ich
l ibrar ie s of that t ime. However, the f i r s t univer s i t i e s in modern sen s e were
e s tabl i shed in 1857, i . e . af t er a long t ime o f severa l centuri e s . On
the recommendat ions of the Woods Educaion Commis s ion, three modern
univer s i t i e s came into exi s t ence in t h e pre s idency ci t i e s o f Bombay, Calcut ta and
Madras , on the model o f London Univer s i ty, in 1857. But their l ibrar i e s saw the
l igh t o f the day much lat t e r i .e . Bombay in 1864, Calcut ta in
1873, and Madras in 1917. Today there are more than 150 un iver s i t i e s and
about 15 ins t i tut ions deemed as univer s i t i e s . Almost al l univer s i t i e s have their
l ibrar ie s (with few except ions) , the r ichnes s o f which depend s on t h e age o f the
univer s i ty, re lat ive importance and f inancial re source s o f the univer s i ty.
Prior to e s tabl i shment of the UGC (1956) no sy s t emat ic s tudy was
made at the nat ional l evel to f indout whether the univer s i ty l ibrar i e s were funct ioning to
ful f i l the aims and object ive s o f univer s i ty educat ion in the country. A few remarkable
at t empt s made by the Government o f
1 6
India were the Indian Univer s i t i e s Commis s ion (1902) which i s popular ly known as
Hunter Edcuat ion Commis s ion? the Indian Univer s i t i e s Act (1904); Government
o f India Reso lut ion on Educat inal Poli cy (1913); Educat ion
Commis s ion o f R ad h ak r i shnan (1948); The UGC Commit te e on univer s i t i e s and
co l leges (1957); Kothari Educat ion Commis s ion (1964); and K a r l White's
survey o f Delh i Univer s i ty Library (1965). A detai led s tudy about the working and
s t ructure o f univer s i ty l ibrar i e s in India was sponsored and f inanced by the UGC and
subsequent ly sub s id ized for publ icat ion by NBT (1973).
4 1 DEVELOPMENT QF um VERITY U P AR* ?5 S IH SWARAJ
One o f the most anci ent seat s o f learning, Val labh i i s s i tuat ed in Gujarat near
Bhavnagar. Baroda was the pioneer ing prince ly s tat e in the f ie ld o f compul sory pr imary
educat ion in the country. Col l ege s were af f i l iat ed with Bombay univer s i ty. The f ir s t univer s i ty
in Gujarat came into ex i s t ence in the year 1949 viz . The Maharaja Sayaj irao Univer s i ty o f
Baroda. It i s a re s ident ia l univer s i ty and i t s jur i sd ic t ion i s l imited to Baroda c i ty only.
Soon af t er the e s tabl i shment of the M.S.Univer s i ty of Baroda, Gujarat
Univer s i ty came into exi s t ence in the year 1950 as teach ing and af f i l i at ing univer s i ty. On
the incorporat ion o f Gujarat Univer s i ty large area compri s ing s ix teen di s t r ic t s in Gujarat ,
Sauras t ra and Kutch came into the juri sd ic t ion o f th i s univer s i ty. The burden of Gujarat
univer s i ty- was shared by the e s t ab l i shment of the Sardar
1 7 1 7
Patel Univer s i ty in 1955 at Val labhvidyanagar j The Gujarat Ayurveda Univer s i ty in 1966
at Jamnagar? the Sauras t ra Univer s i ty in 1967 at Rajkot; the South Gujarat Univer s i ty in
1967 at Surat j and the Gujarat Agr icul tural univer s i ty in 1972 at Dant iwada. The
Sauras t ra Univer s i ty's jur i sd ic t ion was bi furcated again in 1978 with the e s t ab l i shment o f
Bhavnagar Univer s i ty. Similar ly remaining jur i sd ic t ion of Gujarat univer s i ty was bi furcated
with the e s t ab l i shment of t h e North Gujarat Univer s i ty in 1986 at Patan.
In the year 1920 Gandhi je e e s t ab l i shed Gujarat Vidyapi th at Ahmedabad dur ing the freedom
movement to provide educat ion to t h e people of the country in their own language .
Government o f India, Mini s t ry o f Educat ion has des ignated i t as deemed as un iver s i ty in
1963.
Thus, the deve lopment of the univer s i t i e s in Gujarat can be d ivided in to three
phas e s , one pre indepandence, two post - independence per iod under Bombay s tat e , and three
a f t e r the emergence of Gujarat as a s tat e i . e . I960. During pre- independence per iond,
only.Gujarat Vidyapi th was e s t ab l i shed in 1920 but not given any s tatus by the
Government . In the f i r s t phase of the development , during po s t independence
per iod , only three univer s i t i e s came into ex i s t ence viz . The M.S.univer s i ty of Baroda,
Gujarat un iver s i ty, and the S.P.univer s i ty. Jus t af t e r the bi furcat ion o f Bombay
s tate , Gujarat had another s ix univer s i t i e s in the s t ate . In al l Gujarat i s having
nine un iver s i t i e s and one deemed as univer s i ty at pre s ent , to meet the requirement s
o f h igher
J 8
educat ion in the s tat e .
5 IMPORTANCE QF T_HE STUDY
A univer s i ty l ibrary i s known as the heart of the univer s i ty. Univer s i ty l ibrary
must b e geared to pre s ent and future requirement s of the modern soci e ty, s tudent s , re search
s cho lar s and teacher s .
The pre sent s tudy aims a t mak i n g a comparat ive s t ud v o f the univer s i ty
l i b r a r i e s i n Gu j a r a t . Th e Gujarat s t a t e i s having ten un i v e r s i t i e s , b u t
t h e i r l i b r a r y s e r v i c e s a r e n o t ve l l - p l a n n e d a n d we 11 -org an 1s e d . Th e p r o b l em s
f a c e d b y t h e univer s i ty l i b r a r i a n s o f t h e s t a t e w i l l b e po inted out a n d
sugge s t ions mad e f o r t h e i r imp r o v em en t . Th e s e should p r o v e u s e f u l t o
a c h i e v e a n o v e r a l l improvement in the univer s i ty l ibrary s e r v i c e s in Gu j a r a t .
I t wil l b e a l s o u s e f u l to t h e s tudent s o f l i b r a r y and in format ion s c ience , 1 i b r a r y
p e r s o n n e l , l i b r a r y an d un i v e r s i t y authori t i e s .
6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
In al l there are ten univer s i t i e s in Gujarat . Out o f the se , two univer s i t i e s are c f
spec ial iz ed nature . Their co l l ec t ions , service s , c l i ent l e , requirement s are o f a spec ial t y p e . They
do not f a l l in the general univer s i t i e s category. Th e y a r e , Gujarat Ayurveda univer s i ty,
Jamnagar , and Gujarat Agr icul tural univer s i ty, Dant iwada. Similar ly, Gu j a r a t Vidyapi th ,
Ahmedabad i s deemed as univer s i ty, a n d impart ing educat ion in Humanit ie s and in
some subjec t s o f
343 4
so c i a l s c ience s . Over and above the Gujarat Vidyapi th l ibrary a c t s as the s t ate centra l l ibrary
and al so i s working as a publ ic l ibrary. The North Gujarat univer s i ty was e s tabl i shed i n
1986 which does not have i t s centra l l ibrary. Hence the r em a i n i n g s ix univer s i ty l ibrar ie s are
covered in th i s the s i s . The organizat ional , admini s t ra t ive , f inancia l and s e r v i c e a spect s of the
univer s i ty l ibrar ie s , bui ld ing, co l le c t ion, types of reader s , l ibrary co-operat ion et c are s tud i ed
in deta i l . Specia l at t ent ion wil l be given to acqui s i t ion of per iod ica l s , s t af f ing, l ibrary f inance
etc . 7 METHQPPLQ GY
The present s tudy wil l be bas ed on theoret ical a s wel l as empir ical data.
Theoret ica l frame work wil l be prepared on the bas i s o f publ i shed and unpubl i shed source s , t h e
ex i s i t ing s i tut ion of univer s i ty l ibrar ie s i s as s e s s ed on t h e bas i s of the primary and s econdary
data co l l ec t ed .
For the co l le c t ion of data , fo l lowing methods were u s e d , viz .
(1) Ques t ionnaire s were c ir cu lat ed to each univer s i ty
l ibrar ian for get t ing the exact pr imary data
regard ing the part i cu lar univer s i ty l ibrary.
(2 ) Secondary data was co l l ec t ed from the univer s i ty
budget s and univer s i ty l ibrary report s for the
2 0
dif fe rent years . ( 3 ) Primary data was co l l ec t ed direc t ly from the user s regard ing
the adequacy and ef f i c i ency o f the l ibrary service s , and thei r expectat ions . The
coverage o f the reder s i s based on random sampling method.
The whole s tudy has been divided into e igh t chapter s , they be ing ,
Introduct ion, Library management , Library Col le c t ions , Library f inances , Library
s ervi ce s , Library co-operat ion, Library bui ld ing, and Observat ions and sugges t ions .
REFERENCES
69 GUJARAT. Stat i s t i ca l map o f Gujarat .Gandhinagar, Government Pres s , 1986. p 16.
70 GUJARAT, EDUCATION (Department o f-) . Stat i s t i ca l handbook. Gandh i nac jar , Director of h i g h e r educat ion, 1985. p 9 .
71 INDIA, Census o f India, 1981 (Gujarat) . New Delh i , Government o f India , 1 9 8 3 . P 4.
72 WILSON (Logan). Librari e s' ro l e s in Amer ican higher educat ion. In : Buc kman Thomas, Ed. Un iver s i t y and r e search Librar i e s j n Japan and United State s . Chicago , ALA, 1972. P 15.
DESHPANDE (KS). Univer s i ty l ibrary sy s t em in India . New Delh i , Ster l ing. , 1?G5. P 9.
b .■ DESHPANDE (KS). op. c i t . (5). * P 12.
2 . WILSON (Logan) , OP. c i t (4) . p 1 8 .
8. MUKHERJEE (AK). L Ibrar ». an sh i p ; i t s ph i lo sophy and h i s t o r y . Bombay, Asia , 1 9 6 6 . p 4 3 .
9 . INDIA. EDUCATION (Commis s ion on-) (1964 - 65)(Chairman:D B Kothari) . Educat ional planning and thenat ional po l icy. Delh i , NCERT, 1971. P 288.
10 . WILSON (LR) and TAUBER (MF). The Univer s i tyLibrary. 2nd ed . New York , Columbia Univer s i tyPres s , 1956. p 148.
37
CHAPTER 2
LIBRARY
MANAGEMENT
73 I nt roduc t ion
74 Univer s i ty l ibrary management in India.
2 1 Univer s i ty l ibrary management in Gujarat
75 Execut ive Counc i l
76 Library Commit tee
77 Composi t ion o f l ibrary commit tee
21211 Posi t ion in Gujarat
78 Funct ions o f l ibrary commit tee
21221 Posi t ion in Gujarat
79 Librarian's ro l l in the l i b r a r y commit te e
22 Admini s t rat ive organi sat ion
221 Library Personnel
80 Staf f manual
81 Univers i ty l ibrar ian
22121 Duti e s o f the univer s i ty l ibrar ian
82 Qual i t i e s and qual i f i cat ions o f the univer s i ty 1 ibr ar ian
83 Status o f un iver s i ty l ibrar ian
84 Pos i t ion in Gujarat
85 Faculty re la t ionsh ip
231 Pos i t ion in Gujarat
86 Pay sca le s of the l ibrary s taf f
87 Library s ta f f in Gujarat
88 Pay sca le s of l ibrary s ta f f in Gujarat
89 Anomalie s in the pay s ca le s
38
CHAPTER Z
LIBRARY
MANAGEMENT
1 INTRODUCTION
Any i n s t i t u t i o n h a s a s e t o f g o a l s t o a c h i e v e . And f o r t h e
a c h i e v em en t o f t h e s e g o a l s a n a p p r o p r i a t e o r g an i s a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e i s
f r am e d , a n a dm i n i s t r a t i v e s e t u p i s c r e a t e d , a n d man ag em en t a u t h o r i t y
i s a p p o i n t e d . A s f a r a s t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f o r g an i s a t i o n an d a dm i n i s t r a t i o n o f a
un i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y a r e c o n c e r n e d , t h e s e a r e a lmo s t t h e s am e wh i c h a p p l y i n
o t h e r s p h e r e s o f o u r l i v e s . I t i s q u i t e o b v i o u s t h a t t h e y w i l l d i f f e r i n
t h e i r d e g r e e o f d e t a i l o r t h e y may b e g i v e n a s p e c i a l tw i s t h e r e a n d t h e r e
i n o r d e r t o s u i t t h e i r own c o nd i t i o n s a n d i n s t i t u t i o n s . Th e r e i s n o
l im i t t o t h e n umb e r o f a dm i n i s t r a t i v e p r i n c i p l e s , s i n c e a n y r u l e
o r d e v i c e s t r e n g t h e n i n g t h e h um an p a r t o f t h e o r g an i s a t i o n t a k e s i t s p l a c e
amo n g t h e p r i n c i p l e s o n l y s o l o n g a s i t i s wo r t h y o f t h i s p o s i t i o n .
The l ibrary i s a l iv ing organi sm and i t has been def ined as a tr in i ty o f books ,
reader s and s ta f f brought into a meaningful and integrat ed re lat ionsh ip . In order to cope with
th i s l iving organi sm the admini s t rat ive organi sat ion
39
pat tern wil l have to be dynamic. It must be f lex ibl e enough to change and would i t s e l f grow
accord ing to the changing need s of the in s t i tut ion, and i t should always be future o r i en ted .
Wis l son and Tauber (1) have enumerated and di scus sed the fo l lowing princ iple s in
re lat ion to the admini s t ra t ion o f univer s i ty l ibrary :1. Divi s ion of labour, 2. Authori ty and
re spons ib i l i ty, 3.Di sc ip1ine, 4 .Unity of command, 5 . Unity o f management , 6 . Subord inat ion
o f ind ividual intere s t s to the common good, 7 . Centra l izat ion, 8 . Hierarchy, 9 . Span of
contro l , 10. departmentat ion, 11. Line and s taf f , 12. Order, 13. Equity, 14. Stab i l i ty of s t af f ,
15. Init iat ive , and 16. Espr i t de corps .
2 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The univer s i ty i s a temple of learn ing. It s t and s f o r a community o f ideas , a free
exchange o f thought s , and i t i s al so a forum for l iberty o f mind. The univer s i ty i s in s t rumental
in chal lenging tho se trad i t ions , norms, in s t i tut ions etc . which are keep ing the spi r i t o f men in
bondage. Univer s i ty l ibrary i s the heart o f the univer s i ty,
40
wh i c h i s pr imari ly concerned with the conservat ion and d i s s eminat ion of
knowledge to i t s u ser s . It i s the l ibrary wh i c h can play an important ro le in
s erving the nat ion by provid ing a cons tant f low of in format ion. For the funct ional
management o f the univer s i ty l ibrary, univer s i ty authori ty should c lear ly def in e the
univer s i ty l ibrary management and i t s po l i cy. It may be in the form of s tatute s ,
ord inances , a c t s e t c . , t h e main idea being the promulgat ion and
e n h an c em en t o f l ibrary development and use . Whether i t may be '...■tia 1 1 o r
large , t h e univer s i ty l ibrary need s t o be proper ly organi sed and succe s s fu l ly
admini s t er ed . In planning and admini s t er ing the univer s i ty l ibrary, the
pr incipl e s o f admini s t rat ion should be app l ied .
"Th e internal governmental po l icy of the univer s i ty l i b r a r y general ly :
Ca) def in e s the re lat ions o f the l ibrar ian to the admini s t rat ion;
90 c lar i f i e s what should cons t i tut e the l ibrary re source s of the un iver s i ty,
which are general ly under the admini s t ra t ion o f the l ibrar i e s ;
91 s e t forth the dut ie s of the l ibrar ian ;
41
92 provides for a l ibrary cormni t te e , counc i 1 or board to as s i s t the
l ibrar ian ; and
93 def ine s the re lat ionsh ip o f the l ibrary s ta f f to the dmini s t ra t ive and
educat ional unit s o f the l ibrary"(2).
As a re sul t of the Radhakri shnan Commis s ion (1948), the Government o f
India e s t ab l i shed the UGC in 1956. Soon af t er the e s tabl i shment of the UGC, a
Library Commit te e was appointed under the chairmansh ip of Dr.S.R.Ranganathan in
1957 , to inves t igate and probe into the working of univer s i ty and co l l ege
1ibrar ie s ,and deve lop certa in norms for thei r proper management and admini s t ra t ion.
However, th i s commit tee has not made any recommendat ions for the
admini s t ra t ive s t ructure of univer s i ty l ibrar ie s , though the commit tee had gone in
deta i l with book s e le c t ion, f inancial management , departmental i s at ion, l ibrary
per sonnel , se rvi ce s and other re la ted i s sue s . Although the UGC library commit te e has
given weightage in i t s recommendat ion on deparmental i sa t ion and the s ta f f ing pat t ern ,
i t fai l s to provide any spec i f i c recommendat ions for admini s t ra t ive s t ructure of
the un iver s iy l ibrar ie s . Due to ab sence o f spec i f i c recommendat ions
perta in ing to the internal management of univer s i ty l ibrar i e s , each
univer s i ty l ibrary fo l lows i t s own pat tern s , which natural ly vary from l ibrary to l ibrary.
42
21 UNIVER3ITY LIBRARY rVMjAfi&IENT Ui 6WARAT
In Gujarat , i f the univer s i ty l ibrary management i s
sought , recour se must be had to the laws o f the s tat e concerning the in s t i tut ions which the
l ibrary s erve . Although var ia t ion in univer s i ty pat t ern i s to be expected , the univer s i t i e s
in Gujarat are organi s ed as teach ing and af f i l ia t ing ones . The M.S.Univer s i ty o f Baroda,
which impart s t each ing at under graduate , and pos t graduate l evel , i s a re s ident ial
univer s i ty. In al l o ther univer s i t i e s of Gujarat , po s t graduate teach ing i s the
pr incipal domain o f the univer s i ty department s (though the same i s done in
some co l leges a l so) . The af f i l ia t ed co l l ege s contro l majori ty o f undergraduat e teach ing.
Admis s ion to re search work i s contro l l ed by the un iver s i t i e s . Each univer s i ty o f
Gujarat i s governed by i t s ind ividual act . 211 EXECUTIVE COUNCIL
Execut ive Counci l i s the apex body in the univer s i ty admini s t ra t ion, which help s in
taking po l icy dec i s ions o f the univer s i ty on every i s sue perta in ing to any component o f the
univer s i ty. In Gujarat i t i s a l so named as syndicat e . The format ion of the execut ive counci l i s
d i f f e rent from univer s i ty- to univer s i ty, al though their funct ions and dut ie s are almost s imi lar
to each other.
212 LIBRARY CJM1IIIEI.
The univer s i ty l ibrary i s normal ly governed by a l ibrary commit tee . The
funct ion o f the l ibrary commit tee bas ical ly i s the guard iansh ip of the l ibrary, to see that i t
43
i s wel l maintained , to frame rule s for i t s us e , to guide and promote i t s further
deve lopment , and to recommend and secure the nece s sary f inance s .
If the l ibrar ian has shown himsel f to be a capab le -admini s t ra tor, the l ibrary
commit te e's ro l e wil l be on advi sory, support ing, and endors ing, rather than an execut ive o n e :
enabl ing the l ibrar ian to e laborate h i s plans in the l igh t of detai l ed cr i t i c i sm, and in enl i s t ing
on behal f of the l ibrary a body of enl igh tened opinion with in the un i ver s i t y.
Library commit tee i s supposed to share the re spons ib i l i t i e s o f
the l ibrar ian and to advi s e the l ibrar ian in po l i cy making regard ing the
l ibrary. Univer s i ty l i b r a r i a n has the execut ive re spons ib i l i ty for the day to day
management of the l ibrary problems .
Library commit te e i s general ly re spons ib le to a higher body, usual ly the execut ive
counci l of the univer s i ty. Bus ines s of the l ibrary commit tee vari e s from l ibrary to l ibrary. Some
matter s are common to al l . One i s the annual r e p o r t o f the l ibrary. Another s t andard i t em i s
l ibrary b ud g e t .
In India, the f i r t s t l ibrary commit te e came into exi s t ence on the 1st March
1873, when the syndicate of the Calcut ta Univer s i ty appointed a commit tee to prepare a l i s t
of books for purchas e(3). Since then the l ibrary commit tee l ias come to s tay in Indian
univer s i t i e s . It i s al so known as l ibrary advi sory commit te e , l ibrary management
commit te e or
44
l ibrary Board .
2121 COMPOSITION QF LIBRARY COMMITTEE
As far a s po s s ib le l ibrary commit tee must nece s sar i ly b e l imited in i t s s ize , i f i t
i s to be workab le . Membersh ip o f the l ibrary commit te e usual ly re f l ec t s the facul ty o f the
univer s i ty, s tudent s repre s entat ion. The academic s t af f members of the
commit te e should certa in ly include a spr inkl ing o f the more h igh powered
univer s i ty f igure s -dean s and s en ior pro fe s sor s i the vi ce - chance l lor; the Pro- vi ce -
chance l lor i s commonly an ex -o f f i c io member. The obvious advantage o f having
such members i s that the l ibrary thereby enl i s t s some in f luent ial vo ice in promot ing i t s
aims. The to ta l s iz e of the commit te e tend s to be o f 10 to 12 member s . The univer s i ty
l ibrar ian normal ly ac t s a s s ecre tary to the l ibrary commit tee , and br ings hi s
deputy, the as s i s t ant l ibrar ian, to i t s meet ings with h im, and the vi ce -chancel lor act s a s
the chai rman of the l ibrary commit tee .
The deputy l ibrar ian or as s i s t ant l ibrar ian, however, has a spec i f i c and
valuable ro l e to play. Fir s t o f a l l , he usual ly act s as minute s - taker, because the l ibrar ian
i s too act ive ly invo lved in the commit tee's di scus s ions to be ab le at the some t ime to
record i t s del iberat ions .
In India, the concept o f the univer s i ty l ibrary commit tee i s more than one
century old . We do not have any s tandard pract ic e regard ing the compos i t ion of the l ibrary
commit te e in our univer s i t i e s . Surpr i s ingly the UGC library
3 0
commit tee (1957) does not give any recommendat ions regard ing univer s i ty l ibrary commit tee's
compos i t ion. U.K. UGC (1967) report s t ated , " the univer s i ty l ibrary commit te e i s
most commonly a senate commit tee , al though in a few univer s i t i e s i t i s a jo int commit tee
o f s enat e or counci l . It may be composed largely o f repre sentat ive s o f the facul t i e s
(and of t en appointed by them), with ex-of f i c io membersh ip o f the vi ce -chancel lor, hi s
deputy and some other o f f i ce r o f . the univer s i ty, the treasurer, bursar , secre tary or
regi s t rar -who may be invi t ed to at t end only. The vice- chancel lor i s usual ly the
chairman and the l ibrar ian or the regi s t rar i s the se cre tary of the commit tee "(4).
21211 PQSIHW IH GUJARAT
There i s no spec i f i c rule regard ing the compos i t ion o f the l ibrary commit tee in the
univer s i t i e s o f Gujarat . The l ibrary commit te e's compos i t ion in each un iver s i ty i s d i f f e rent and*
i t i s given in the hand book of each univer s i ty.
In the M.S.Univer s i ty o f Borada, the l ibrary commit te e cons i s t s
o f :
94 The vice chancel lor (chai rman, ex -o f f i c io);
95 The Pro-vice chancel lor ;
96 not more than 20 members appointed by the syndicate , 6 o f them being
members o f the counc i l o f po s t -graduat e s tud ie s and re search;
97 univer s i ty l ibrar ian shal l be secre tary of the commit te e" (5).
3 1 3 1
The compos i t ion o f the l ibrary commit te in Gujarat Univer s i ty,
Ahmedabad i s a s fo l lows i
98 The vice- chancel lor, (chai rman, ex-of f i c io);
99 The pro-vice- chancel lor; ( i i)
Deans of facul t i e s ;
100 Heads of the unives i ty s choo l s ;
101 The univer s i ty l ibrar ian, and
102 Three member s to be nominated by the execut ive counc i1"(6).
Compos i t ion o f l ibrary commit te e in the S a r d a r Pate l
Univer s i ty, Val labhvidyanagar, i s a s under i
103 The vice -chancel lor, (chairman, ex -o f f i c io) ,
104 Heads of the univer s i ty po s t -graduate department s ;
two for bas ic s c ience s , two from
language s , and two from socia l
s c ience s ,
105 two principal s o f degree co l lege s ;
106 Such other per sons not exceed ing three to be nominated by the
syndicat e; and
107 the l ibrar ian ( se cre tary)"(7).
In the Sauras t ra univer s i ty, Rajkot , univer s i ty l i b r a r y commit te e
cons i s t s o f t
108 the vi ce - chance l lor (chai rman, ex-of f i c io);
109 the pro-vice chancel lor ;
3 2
110 the deans o f facul t i e s ;
111 the head s of univer s i ty department s ; and
112 three other member s nominated by the syndicate , one of whom shal l be a
teacher recogni sed for guid ing Ph.D. s tudent s " (8).
In the South Gujarat univer s i ty, Surat , the l ibrary commit tee shal l cons i s t s
of i
113 the vi ce - chance l lor (chai rman, ex-of f i c io);
114 the pro-vice chancel lor ;
115 reg i s t rar ;
116 Deans of facul t i e s ;
117 head s of univer s i ty po s t -graduat e
depar tment s ;
118 Director/Head of the approved/recognized in s t i tut ions ;
119 Three member s to be nominated by the syndicate ;
120 One pro fe s sor- in-charge o f the po s t graduate centre s , appointed by the
syndicate ;
121 One re s earch scho lar undergo ing Ph.D. s tud ie s to be nominat ed by the
vi ce chancel lor; and
122 Univers i ty 1ibrar ian•( s ecre tary )" (9).
In the Bhavnagar Univer s i ty, Bhavnagar, t h e l ibrary commit tee
shal l cons i s t s of :
123 the Vice -chancel lor (chairman, ex-of f i c io);
124 the Dean s of facul t i e s ;
3 33 3
125 the head s of the univer s i ty department;
126 One principal o f the degree co l lege nominat ed by the execut ive counci l ;
127 Fou r other member s , to be nominated by the execut ive counc i l , one of
whom shal l be a teacher recogni sed for guid ing Ph.D. s tudent s , and one
teacher o f degree co l lege who i s a member of the Univer s i ty court , and
128 the reg i s t rar "(10).
The chairman o f l ibrary commit tee in al l the univer s i t i e s o f
Gujarat i s the vi ce - chance l lor. Deans of the facul t i e s and the head s o f the
univer s i ty po s t -graduat e department s are al so member s . In S.P.univer s i ty
two principal s o f degree co l lege are nominat ed . Teacher s recogni sed for
guid ing Ph.D. s tudent s are given place in al l t h e univer s i ty l ibrary commit te e . I t
i s a common feature in a l l univer s i ty l ibrary commit tee in Gujarat to
nominate m emb e r s by the execut ive counci l or syndicate . Only in
Bh avn ag a r Univer s i ty the Regi s t rar i s the member o f l ibrary c omm i t t e e . In the
same way, only in South Gujarat univer s i ty, S u r a t , s tudent repre s entat ive i s
incorporated . i . e . one r e s e a r c h scho lar i s nominated by the vice-
chance l lor. Sauras t ra Univer s i ty, Rajkot , and Bhavnagar univer s i ty,
Bhavnagar, however, do not give any place to i t s univer s i ty l ibrar ian in the
l ibrary commit te e . In the re s t of the u n i v e r s i t i e s D f the s t ate univer s i ty
l ibrar ian i s the ex -o f f i c i o secre tary of the l ibrary commit te e .
L o o k i n g a t the above s i tuat ion o f the compos i t ion
o f l i b r a r y commit tee in t h e s t a t e , there seems to b e a n u r g e n t n e e d o f t h e s t ep s b e i n g
t a k e n in thi s d irec t ion t o s t a n d a r d i z e t h e compos i t ion an d earmark t h e power s and
funct ions o f univer s i ty l ibrary commit te e s in Gujarat .
2122 FUNCTIONS OF THE LIBRARY COMMITTEE
Th e l i b r a r y commit te e c a n b e a n immense ly use ful g r o u p i n
advi sory capaci ty. Th e l ibrary w i l l do wel l t o m e a s u r e facul ty vi ews on a
myriad o f l ibrary problems before t a k i n g s t eps that may arouse s t rong cr i t i c i sm of the
l ibrary. Univer s i ty 1 i b r a r y commit tee s in India, most ly, are concerned w i t h the
book se l ec t ion work, al locat ion o f book funds to var ious sub jec t s , f raming
a n d amending of l ibrary rul e s , evaluat ing and apprai sal of l ibrary s ervi ce s ,
and giving sugge s t ions for the improvement of l ibrary servi ce s . The service s o f
l ibrary commit tee are des irab le in ful f i l l ing the re spons ib i l i t i e s invo lved in the
admini s t ra t ion o f a big univer s i ty l ibrary.
The funct ions o f the l ibrary commit tee may be summarized as
fo l lows,
( i) Establ i shment o f major operat ional po l i c ie s such
as c i rculat ion rul e s , regulat ions for use o f
out s ider s , acce s s to and publ i sh ing of
manuscr ipt s , and book co l l ec t ion?
(i i) Support for the total l ibrary budget , of t en with
part icu lar advice on the al locat ion of the book
budget ;
129 advice on an ext raord inary purchase o f a book-co l l ec t ion as acceptance
of a major co l lec t ion; and
130 counci l to the l ibrary admini s t rat ion.
Wil i son and Tauber( l l) have enumerated fo l lowing funct ions of the l ibrary
commit te e , which are not at a l l comparable with the funct ions of univer s i ty l ibrary
commit te e in Ind ia .
131 Formulat ing a l ibrary po l i cy in re la t ion to the development of user s
for in s t i tut ion and re search;
132 advi s ing the al locat ion o f book funds to the l ibrary and the var ious
department s and s choo l s ;
133 advi s ing on the po l icy of reproducing unique mater ial s ;
134 co l laborat ing on dec i s ions regard ing the al locat ion o f l ibrary
space needed by department o f in s t ruct ion; and
135 deve loping a general programme of l ibrary service
for al l the intere s t s o f the univer s i ty" . In the Car l M.White Survey
Report o f the Delh i Univer s i ty l ibrary (12), power s and dut i e s o f the l ibrary
commit te e are l i s t ed as :
136 General management o f the l ibrary;
137 preparat ion o f the l ibrary budget for the approval of higher
authori t i e s ;
138 report ing annual ly on the work of the l ibrary ;
139 preparat ion for the Academic counci l of
recommendat ions on how the use o f the l ibrary i s to be regulat ed ; and
140 advi s ing the execut ive counc i l on al l l ibrary s taf f appointment s and
promot ions . "
In India, the UGC commit te e has not sugges t ed any funct ions of the
univer s i ty l ibrary commit tee , with the re su l t , no uni form funct ions o f the univer s i ty
l ibrary commit te e s in India are found. This has creat ed problems in univer s i ty l ibrary
admini s t rat ion in India.
21221 POSITION JJ± GUJARAT
In the abs ence of uni form funct ions of the univer s i ty l ibrary commit te e in
India, s imi lar s i tuat ion i s found in Gujarat .
In the hand book o f the M.S. Univer s i ty of Baroda, the l ibrary commit tee
shal l have the fo l lowing power s and re spons ib i l i t i e s vide ord inance 39 of the univer s i ty
113);
"( i) The l ibrary commit tee shal l , subjec t to the contro l o f the
syndicate , act as general po l icy making body for the l ibrary
service s of the univer s i ty. l t shal l advi s e the syndicate on any matter
connected with the l ibrary se rvi ce . In part i cu lar and without
pre jud ice to the general i ty of the forego ing power, the
commit te e shal l make recommendat ions to the syndicate regard ing ; (a)
the need s of adequate l ibrary servi ce in the
3 73 7
univer s i ty includ ing funds , books , s t af f , e t c ;
141 the al locat ion o f funds for var ious sub jec t s or purpo se s ;
142 writ ing of f the un servicab le books as lo s s o f books .
( i i) the univer s i ty l ibrar ian shal l be incharge of
the admini s t rat ion o f l ibrary service accord ing to the po l icy laid down by
the authori t i e s and advi se the l ibrary commit te e in al l mat ter s pertain ing to
the l ibrary servi ce ,
143 the l ibrary commit tee shal l have the power to make rul e s governing the us e
o f the l ibrary from t ime to t ime and to amend them. Such rule s and any
changes made there in shal l be reported to the syndicat e;
144 the un iver s i ty l ibrar ian shal l make arrangement s to take s tock o f books
and per iod ical s every three year s , and mainta in up to date
the catalogue of books and period ical s in the l ibrary.He
shal l report to the l ibrary commit te e in the mat ter.
The l ibrary commit te e shal l take whatever ac t ion they deem
f i t on the report . "
The funct ions o f the univer s i ty l ibrary commit tee o f Gujarat univer s i ty,
Ahmedabad are as under, (14):
"( i) the l ibrary commit tee , shal l subjec t to the
3 8
contro l of the Execut ive counci l , manage the l ibrary and advi s e
the execut ive counci l on any mat ter connected with the
l ibrary re ferred to i t by the execut ive counci l . In part icular and
without pre jud i ce to the general i ty of the forego ing power, the commit te e
shal l have power to make recommendat ion to the execut ive counc i l ,
145 as to the admini s t rat ion of the funds se t apar t for the l ibrary?
146 as to the appointment o f the s t af f o f the l ibrary inc lud ing the
l ibrar ian; and
147 other mat ter connected with the l ibrary.
( i i) the commit te e shal l report to the execut ive counc i l for
in format ion,the purchase of books and d i spo sal of such books as in the opinion
of the commit tee ,are e i ther worth le s s , unserviceabl e or otherwis e use le s s .
For the purpo se of th i s ord inance books shal l inc lude manuscr ipt s and period ical s ;
( i i i) the l ibrary commit tee shal l have the power s to make rule s governing the us e o f the
l ibrary from t ime to t ime, and to amend them. Such rule s , and any change s
made there in , shal l be reported to the execut ive counci l " . The funct ions o f the
l ibrary commit te e of the S a r d a r Pate l Univer s i ty are as under :
"( i) The l ibrary commit te e shal l , subjec t to the contro l o f the
syndicate manage the l ibrary,
.54.54
advi se the syndicate on any mat ter connected with the l ibrary or
re fe rred to i t by the syndicate . In part icular and without pre jud ice to
the general i ty o f the forego ing power the commit te e shal l have power
to make recommendat ions to the syndicate .
148 as to the admini s t ra t ion o f the funds se t apart for the l ibrary;
and
149 other mat ter s connected with the l ibrary.
( i i) the commit te e shal l report to the syndicat e for
in format ion of purchase o f books and di spo sa l o f
such books as in the opinion of the commit te e are
e i ther worth le s s , un serviceabl e , or otherwis e
u se le s s . For the purpo se of th i s ord inance, books
shal l inc lude manuscr ipt s and period ical s ,
150 the l ibrary commit tee shal l have power to make rule s governing the us e o f
the l ibrary from t ime to t ime and to amend them. Such rule s and any
change made there in , shal l be reported to the syndicate .
151 the l ibrary commit tee shal l keep an account o f al l funds provided
for the purpo se of the l ibrary and forward s ta tement o f such
account s to the reg i s t rar for submis s ion to the syndicate every three month s"
(15).
The fal lowing shal l be the funct ions and powers of the
l ibrary commit te e of the Sauras t ra univer s i ty, Rajkot .(16): "(1) to make recommendat ion to the syndicate
55
152 regard ing the admini s t rat ion of the fund se t apart for the l ibrary,
153 regard ing the requirement o f the s ta f f o f the l ibrary, and
154 regard ing o ther mat t er s connected with the 1ibrary,
155 The commit tee shal l report to the syndicat e , for in format ion, the purchase of
books and d i spo sal of such books as in the opinion o f the commit tee are e i ther
worth le s s ,unserviceab le , or o therwise use le s s .For the purpo se s o f ord iance ,books
shal l inc lude manuscr ipt s and per iod ica l s ,
156 The commit tee shal l have the power to make rule s governing the us e of l ibrary
from t ime to t ime and to amend them. Such rule s , and any amendment s made
there in , shal l be report ed to the syndicate ,
157 the commit te e shal l have the power to wri t e o f f books lo s t dur ing
any year o f the value not
exceed ing Rs.1000/-af t e r ho ld ing nece s sary inquiry and shal l report the mat ter to the
syndicat e" . The funct ions o f the univer s i ty l ibrary commit tee of South Gujarat
univer s i ty, Surat , are as under :
(1) The l ibrary commit tee shal l , subjec t to the contro l of the syndicat e ,
manage the l ibrary and advi s e the syndicate on any mat ter connected
with the l ibrary, re f erred to f i t by the syndicat e . In part icular
and without pre jud ice to the general i ty
56
of the forego ing power, the commit tee shal l have power to make recommendat ions
to the syndicat e about ;
158 any matter connected with the l ibrary
159 the admini s t rat ion o f the funds se t apart for the l ibrary,
160 the commit tee shal l report to the syndicate , for in format ion, on the purchase
o f books and di spo sa l o f such books as in the opinion of the commit te e , the
purpo se s o f the ord inance , books shal l inc lude manuscr ipt s and
period ical s ,
161 the commit te e shal l have the power to make rule s governing the us e o f the l ibrary
from t ime to t ime and to amend them.Such rule s , and any amendment s made
there in , shal1 be reported to the syndicate " (17) .
The Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary commit tee funct ions and power s are as under;
( i) to make recommendat ion to the execut ive counci l ,
162 regard ing the admini s t rat ion o f the funds s e t apart for the l ibrary ;
163 regard ig the requirement o f the s t af f of the 1 ibrar y;
164 regard ing other mat t er s connected with the 1ibrar iy.
( i i) the commit tee shal l report to the execut ive
counci l , the purchase o f books and di spo sa l o f
57
such books as in opinion of the commitee , are e i ther
worth le s s ,uns ervi ceabl e or o therwise us e le s s .For the purpo se s o f the ord inance , books
shal l include manuscr ipt s and period ical s , ( i i i) the commit te e shal l have the power
to make rul e s governing the us e of the l ibrary from t ime to t ime to amend them.Such
rule s ,and any amendment s made there in , shal l be reported to the execut ive counci l , ( iv)
the commit tee shal l have the power to wri t e of f books lo s t dur ing any year, o f the
value not exceed ing Rs.1000/-af t e r ho ld ing nece s sary inquiry and shal l report the
mat ter to the execut ive counci 1"(18). It i s common in al l the univer s i t i e s o f the s t ate , that
the ir l ibrary commit tee s are subjec t to the contro l o f the syndicat e or execut ive counci l of
the un iver s i ty, and act as a po l icy making body for governing the l ibrary and i t s
s ervi ce s . It i s al so common feature that the l ibrary commit te e
advi se s the syndicate or execut ive counci l pertain ing to any bus ines s regard ing
l ibrary, i t has al so the power to al locate the funds for the purchase o f
read ing mater ia l s . Writ ing o f f the unserviceab le books or lo s s of the books or the
Peru of the l ibrary commit tee in al l the univer s i t i e s of the s tat e , al though some
minor changes are there . The l ibrary commit tee s are empowered to make rul e s and
amend them from t ime to t ime to govern l ibrary servi ce s , such
58
changes shal l be reported to the h igher body of the univer s i t ie s .
Only the M. S. un iver s i ty o f Baroda has f ix ed the re spons ib i l i t i e s o f the univer s i ty
l ibrar ian to take s tock o f read ing mater ial s at every three year s , and maintain up to date
catalogue of read ing mater ial in the l ibrar ie s and he shal l have to report to the commit tee in
th i s mat ter . The l ibrary commit tee shal l take whatever act ion they deem f i t on the report .
In Gujarat univer s i ty, the l ibrary commit tee shal l have power to make recommendat ion
to the execut ive counci l in the appointment o f the l ibrary s ta f f inc lud ing the l ibrar ian , where as
in the Sauras t ra univer s i ty and Bhavnagar univer s i ty power s are delegat ed to the l ibrary
commit tee to make recommendat ion to the syndicate in the requirement s of the s t af f of the
l ibrary. Other un iver s i t i e s have not made any provi s ion in thi s regard .
In al l other bus ines s mat ter s , l ike purchase o f books , a l locat ion of funds , maintain ing
account s , report ing etc . provi s ions are almost the same in al l the univer s i t i e s of Gujarat .
2123 LIBRARIAN'S ROLE IN THE LIBRARY COMMITTEE
Librarian i s the admini s t rator o f the univer s i ty l ibrary and he general ly act s as the
s ecre tary of the l ibrary commit tee . He i s the expert o f the l ibrary bus ines s in the l ibrary
commit tee . He ( l ibrar ian) must have the Knowledge about what bus ines s he has to bring in
the l ibrary commit tee
59
which i s most important , he has to act in such a way, that he wil l be abl e to win the
conf idence o f the chai rman and the members of the l ibrary commit te e . In the immediate
c ircumstance s any o f hi s dec i s ion should be in formed to the chai rman of the l ibrary commit te e
soon, to make real ize the l ibrary commit te e that the dec i s ion taken by him was hones t , and in
the intere s t o f the l ibrary and i t s se rvice s which help s him get t ing conf idence of the commit tee in
h i s work.
Similar ly, i f the l ibrar ian want s to make any s igni f i cant change , he wil l have to report
the same to the commit te e , and welcome any cr i t i c i sm op i t made by the commi t tee .
22 AADMINISTRATIVE ORGANISATION
To ach ieve a se t o f goal s o f an in s t i tut ion an ef fec t ive organ i sat ion o f the admini s t rat ion
i s required . While planning i t require s s incere cons iderat ion, viz the per sonnel and the object ive s
and aims o f organi sat ion. Here l ibrary s ta f f come into the pic ture , which help s in ach ieving se t
goal s , and for th i s rea son some part of admini s t rat ive organi sat ion i s required . As the l ibrary i s
the tr in i ty o f books , reader s , and s ta f f and i t i s a l so a soc ial in s t i tut ion, adequat e s ta f f i s
needed 1 .
Succe s s of any organi sat ion part ly depend s on the s t af f s t ructure and the dut ie s
as s igned to them, and for that we require a detai l ed s ta f f manual , which we general ly lack in
the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s o f India.
60
221 LIBRARY PERSONNEL
It i s a general principl e of organi sa t ion, that for any-new organi sa t ion the ch ie f o f
the organi sat ion i s appointed f ir s t and accord ing to hi s need the subord inate s ta f f i s
appointed . Thus , development s tart s from top to bot tom. In India the univer s i ty l ibrary
deve lops from bot tom to top, and in Gujarat , univer s i ty l ibrary develops from top to
bot tom, In almost a l l the univer s i ty l ibrar i e s in Gujarat l ibrar ian w e r e appointed f ir s t
and there a f t e r the subord inat e s ta f f .
2211 STAFF MANUAL
This i s a detai l ed wri t t en account o f every operat ion which i s per formed in the
l ibrary. The s ta f f manual can be a high ly use ful admini s t rat ive devi ce for
ori ent ing and train ing new sta f f and for ensuring uni form app l icat ion of po l i c ie s
and rule s throughout the univer s i ty l ibrary sy s t em. They may provide deta i l ed
des cr ipt ions of methods and prac t ic e s in al l l ibrary department s , admini s t rat ive
po l i c ie s and regulat ions re lat ing to appointment s , salar i e s , load o f wo r k ,
promot ions , leave s of ab sence , s ta f f meet ings , e t c . descr ipt ions of l ibrary po l icy
with re spect to acqui s i t ion, lend ing o f books , provi s ion of re fe rence and
bibl iograph ical se rvice s , at t endance at pro fe s s ional meet ings , sample s of l ibrary
forms with in s t ruct ions for us ing them, l i s t s of l ibrary publ icat ions and
guides to their preparat ion, and many addit ional subjec t s that re lat e to the programme o f
the l ibrary " . (19)
61
General ly, in Indian univer s i ty l ibrar i e s such type o f s ta f f manual s are not
found . In Gujarat , only the M.S.,univer s i ty l ibrary has prepared a detai led s ta f f
manual , w h i c h provides orientat ion to the newly appointed s t af f in the 1ibrar y.
2212 UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN
It i s the l ibrar ian, who has to play an important ro le in the univer s i ty in provid ing
in format ion to i t s us er s . Atkinson has r igh t ly s tat ed ; "The l ibrary i s the core of a univer s i ty.
As a re source i t occupie s the contro l and primary place , because i t s erve s al l the funct ions of a
univer s i ty teach ing and re search , the creat ion o f new knowledge and the transmis s ion to po s t er i ty
o f the learning and cul ture of pre s ent and the pas t . " (20)
In a univer s i ty the l ibrar ian should not be a s t i cker of t h e rul e s , but he has to app ly h i s
wisdom in interpret ing t h em as he i s the po l i cy maker, the manager, the admini s t rator, and the
execut ive one. Thus , with mult i d imens ional dut ie s o f the l ibrar ian, he must be wel l aware with
the d i f f e rent fact s o f the pre s ent modern 1ibrar iansh ip.
Status and des ignat ion of the l ibrar ian i s def ined in t h e s t atues or the ord inance s o f
the un iver s i ty. The appointment of the l ibrar ian iB general ly made by the se l ec t ion commit tee
subjec t to the approval o f the execut ive counci l or the syndicate , In some case s the l ibrary
commit tee
4 7 4 7
may al so advi s e the h igher authori t i e s for the appointment o f the 1ibrar ian.
22121 DUTIES OF THE_ UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN
The univer s i ty l ibrar ian i s the same what ever be the des ignat ion. There are some s l igh t
changes from l ibrary to l ibrary due to the local need s . But the fundamental dut i e s are the same,
which are :
"(1) To formulat e and admini s t e r po l ic e s , rule s and regulat ions for the
purpo se of se curing the most complete use of the l ibrary by
s tudent s , f acul ty member s , and o ther members of the univer s i ty commun
i t y,
165 to part ic ipate in the formulat ion of the educat ional po l i c i e s o f the un iver s i ty,
166 to part ic ipate in ac t ivi t i e s of the unviver s i ty l ibrary commit te e a s a member and as
an o f f i c er (usual ly se cre tary, rather then chairman).
167 to mainta in re lat ionsh ip s with the pre s ident , deans , and other
univer s i ty o f f i c ia l s ,
168 to bear re spons ib i l i ty to the pre s ident for the sat i s f ac tory government
and admini s t rat ion o f the
1ibrar y,
169 to se l ec t a harmonious admini s t ra t ive , t echnica l , and se rvice s t af f and to
recommend thi s employment
to the pre s ident , 17) to make recommendat ions to the pre s ident on al l
mat ter s pertain ing to the s t atus , promot ion, change in po s i t ion, or di smi s sal of
members of the l ibrary- s ta f f ,
(8) to guide the deve lopment of the book co l l ec t ion o f the univer s i ty l ibrary
and to be re spons ib l e for al l book co l l ec t ions of the univer s i ty, (?) to
repre s ent the univer s i ty l ibrary to i t s u ser s , the general publ i c , and in educat ional
and l ibrary grAup,
170 to make report s to the pre s ident or board o f trus t e e s and to
l ibrary agencie s ,
171 to as s i s t in secur ing gi f t s for the l ibrary
172 to provide and execute the annual budget for the operat ion o f the l ibrary,
and
173 to co-operat e with l ibrar ians and scho lar s in making re source s
avai labl e for re s earch . " (21)
The spec i f i c area s of the l ibrar ian's dut ie s are s ta f f ing, the provi s ion and
maintenance o f accommodat ion and equipment , bui ld ing up the l ibrary's s tock , and
reader s service s .
The organi sat ion and management of a l ibrary cannot be regarded as an
occupat ion for untrained scho lar s , but nei ther can i t so le ly be regarded in bureaucrat ic or
of f i ce te rms. A univer s i ty l ibrary i s not a government department , or an in surance o f f i c e ,
or a department s tore . A l ibrar ian i s obl iged to ask the r igh t managerial ques t ions -
what , why,
5 06 4
when, where , how, who ? But he must remember in answer ing these que s t ions that h i s t rue bri e f
i s to remain an educator and a l ibrar ian (22).
22122 QUf)UT ES * AHP_ QUALIFICATION QJF Ti .£ UNIVERSITY
LIBRARIAN
As univer s i ty l ibrar ian has to per form hi s mult id imens ional dut ie s and funct ions , he must
po s se s s some qual i t i e s . The neare s t to general truth i s that the two es s ent ia l be l ie f s o f a l ibrar ian
are bel ie f in importance and ef fec t ivene s s o f the wri t t en word s , and in servi ce to people . He must
have some s tandard vir tue s .
Keeping in view the dut ie s and funct ions the univer s i ty l ibrar ian has to per form, the
UGC (India) had pre scr ibed es s ent ia l qual i f i cat ions as under. (23);
Minimum i M.Lib.Sc. Second cla s s and M.A. or M.Sc. Second clas s and Dip loma in l ibrary
Science or B.Lib. Sc. Fir s t c la s s , pre scr ibed minimum experi ence in re search or a un iver s i ty
l ibrary.
Des i rabl e : Doctorat e in Library Science or any other sub jec t .
Mini s t ry of Educat ion, Government of India vide their c ir cu lar No.F. 29-20/66/U-l
dated the 6th Sept .1968, has dec lared that the UGC has pre sc r ibed the fo l lowing
qual i f i cat ions for the univer s i ty l ibrar ians .
Pro fe s s ional s en ior (Profe s sor)
4,a) M.A. /M. Sc . /M. Com. F i r s t o r Second c l a s s wi th B.Lib .Sc . o r
5 0
Dip.Lib .Sc. Fir s t or s econd cla s s , the degree o f M.Lib .Sc. being a pre ferent ia l
qual i f i cat ion,
174 At lea s t 10 year's exper ience of working as l ibrar ian or in a re spons ib l e pro fe s s ional
capaci ty, and
175 Good academic record and re search exper ience (with pub 1icat ions) .
The change o f qual i f i cat ions for the univer s i ty l ibrar ian had damaged , a lot the s t atu s of
l ibrar ian and the pro f e s s ion too . The in s t i tut ions impart ing l i .Lib.Sc. found the whole
exerc i s e almost unnece s sary. Government's amendment had been cr i t i c ized on each and every
plat form of the pro fe s s ion. One such comment appeared on 22nd January 1969, in the
Times o f India, which read s as fo l lows. "per sons with h igher percentage
o f mark s in their graduate degree wil l no longer have an incent ive to jo in the pro fe s s ion
because even af t er devot ing two year s to pro f e s s ional educat ion and having
s ecured a Mast er's Degree in the subjec t they shal l not be e l ig ible for higher po s i t ions
in the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s and that per sons po s se s s ing even a Ph.D. degree in
l ibrary s c ience shal l not be having any pro spect s for sen ior pro fe s s ional
jobs unle s s they do and obtain Master's degree in any area of academic educat ions " .
In December 19S2, the Mini s t ry o f Educat ion and Culture (Department o f
Educat ion), Government o f India has revi sed the pay s ca le of the univer s i ty l ibrar ian and
deputy l ibrar ian vide l e t t er No.F.2-1/82/ dated 15th December 1982.
5 0
But qual i f i cat ions were unchanged .
CATEGORY OF POST QUALIFICATIONS Librar ian
(Rs . 1500-2500) (a) Fir s t or s econd c la s s M.A./M.Sc./M. Com.
plus a f ir s t or se cond c la s s Diploma in Library Science . The
degree o f M.Lib .Sc. i s pre f ere t ia l qual i f i cat ion.
176 At lea s t 10 years exper i ence as l ibrar ian or in a re spons ib le
pro fe s s ional capaci ty in a univer s i ty 1ibrary.
177 Good academic qual i f i ca t ions and
research exper ience (with
publ i cat ions) . The qual i f i cat ions must
be in general , comparab le to tho se o f
pro fe s sor s in univer s i t i e s .
Deputy Librar ian
(1200-1900). (a) Fir s t or se cond clas s M.A./M.Sc./M.Com.
plus a f ir s t or se cond clas s B.Lib .Sc. or Dip loma in Library
Science . The degree o f M.Lib .Sc. i s pre fere t ial qual i f icat ion.
(b) At leas t 7 year s exper i ence as
l ibrar ian or in a re spons ib le
pro f e s s ional capaci ty in a l ibrary.
(c) Good academic qual i f i ca t ions and
67
re search exper ience (with
publ icat ions) . The qual i f i ca t ions must be in general , comparable
to tho se o f reader s in univer s i t i e s .
Ass i s tant l ibrar ian/ Documentat ion of f i ce r (Rs . 700-1600)
(a) Fir s t or s econd c la s s B.A./B.Sc./B.Com. degree plu s a f ir s t or
second clas s M.Lib. s c . degree .
or
Fir s t or se cond clas s M.A./M.Sc./M.Com. and a f ir s t or
second clas s B.Lib.Sc. or a Diploma in Library Science .
The above ment ioned qual i f i ca t ions are appl icab le only to l ibrar ians , deputy
l ibrar ians and as s i s tant l ibrar ians o f the univer s i t i e s tho se who are al ready in s ervi ce .
For the new recrui tment to the po s t of a s s i s t ant l ibrar ian and documentat ion o f f i c er s ,
minimum qual i f i ca t ions have been pre s cr ibed as fo l lows:
Ass i s tant Librar ian/ (a) Documentat ion
o f f i c er
Good academic record with at leas t se cond c la s s
master degree in sub jec t other than Library
Science .
(b) Master degree in Library Science with f i r s t or h igh
second clas s .
It impl ie s that the minimum qual i f i cat ions for the recrui tment of l ibrar ian/
deputy l ibrar ians o f the univer s i t i e s wil l be i s sued late r on.
The recommedat ions o f the pane l 'on Library and
Informat ion Science , pertain ing to qual i f i cat ions for the
recrui tment to the po s t o f Librarian s/Deputy
Librar ians/Ass i s t ant Librar ians in the univer s i t i e s were accepted by the UGC in i t s meet ing of
7th July 1984, which ar e as under:
A. Univer s i t i e s
1 . Librar ian (1500-2500)
178 Firs t or second clas s M.Lib .Sc. or M.A./M.Sc./M.Com. plus a f i r s t or
s econd cla s s B.Lib.Sc . or Diploma in Library Science .
179 At lea s t t en years exper ience as Librarian or in a re spons ib le pro fe s s ional
capac i ty in a univer s i ty l ibrary.
180 Ph.D. degree or equivalent re search work in the f ie ld re levant to the
pro fe s s ion.
181 In certain s i tuat ions in academic l ibrar i e s
t rain ing in computer izat ion/Informat ion
Technology/Sepcial ized area may be taken into
cons iderat ion. 2. Deputy Librar ian/Documentat ion Off i ce r
(1200-1900)
182 Fir s t or se cond clas s M.Lib.Sc. or M. A./M.Sc./M.Com. plus a f ir s t or
second clas s B.Lib.Sc. or Diploma in Library Science .
183 At leas t seven years exper i ence as Librar ian or in a re spons ib le pro fe s s ional
capaci ty in a univer s i ty l ibrary.
184 Ph.D. degree or equival ent re s earch work in the f i e ld re levant to the
pro f e s s ion.
185 In certa in s i tuat ions in academic l ibrar ie s
t ra in ing in computer izat ion/Informat ion
Technology/Sepc ia l i zed area may be taken into
cons iderat ion.
3. Ass i s t ant Librar ian/Documentat ion Off ic er (700-1600)
186 Good academic record with at l ea s t a high second master's degree in a
subjec t o ther than Library Science .
187 Master's degree in Library Science with f ir s t or high s econd cla s s .
221243 STATUS OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN
The Univer s i ty l ibrar ian must enjoy the s ta tu s accord ing to hi s academic and
pro f e s s ional qual i f i cat ions and t h e re spons ib i l i t i e s which he has to bear. The f i r s t s eminar o f
univer s i ty l ibrar ian s had recommended that :
"Univer s i ty l ibrar ian
188 given s tatutory recognit ion,
189 be d irec t ly re spons ib l e to the vi ce chancel lor o f the un iver s i ty,
190 be an ex-of f i c io member o f a l l academic bodie s .
191 be the member- se cre tary of the l ibrary commit tee which wil l funct ion only in
an advi sory capaci ty, and
192 be accorded the s tatus and pr ivi l ege s o f a un iver s i ty teacher s and the head of a
univer s i ty po s t graduat e department" (24).
Simi lar ly, the Calcut ta Univer s i ty Commis s ion(1917-
1919)recommended that , the unvers i ty l ibrar ian ought to be
funct ionary o f great importance , ranking with unvers i ty
pro fe s sor s , and having a place in the supreme academic body
of the un iver s i ty.
After a l l such recommendat ions regard ing the s t atu s o f univer s i ty l ibrar ian in India,
s t i l l many univer s i t i e s have not given such s tatu s to the l ibrar ians .
22124 POSITION IN GUJARAT
The po s i t ion of univer s i ty l ibrar ian s in the univer s i t i e s of Gujarat
i s as under.
TABLE-1
COMPARATIVE POSITION OF
UNIVERSITY COMMITTEES AND
ACADEMIC BODIES OF THE
LIBRARIA
NS
UNIVERSI
TY
IN LIBRARY
NAME OF THEUNIVERSITYMEMBER OFSTATUS INUNIVERSITYLIBRARYANY ACADEMIC LIBRARYHEAD
ED BYBODY
OF UNIV. COMMITTE
E
M. S. UNIVERSITYLIBRARIAN- SECRETARY
GUJARAT UNIVERSITY LIBRARIANSENATE SECRETARY
(VACANT)
S.P. UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN
- SECRETARY
SAURASTRA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN
SOUTH GUJARAT LIBRARIAN- SECREATRYUNIVERSITY
BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY ASSISTANTLIBRARIAN
While observing the above s i tuat ion in
Gujarat , i t can be seen that only Bhavanagr
univer s i ty l ibrary i s headed by the as s i s t ant l ibrar ian.
Simi lar ly, in the Gujarat un iver s i ty the po s t of
l ibrar ian i s found vancant s ince 1980, and
other four univer s i ty l ibrar ie s have fu l -
f l edged
l ibrar ians . They are the M.S. univer s i t i e s o f Baroda,
S.P.univer s i ty, Sauras t ra univer s i ty and
South Gujarat
un i ver s i t y .
The l ibrar ian of Gujarat Univer s i ty i s
the only ex -o f f i c io member of the senate .
Remaining univer s i ty l ibrar ians of Gujarat are not
the members of any academic body of the ir
re spect ive univer s i t i e s .
In the M.S. univer s i ty o f Baroda, Gujarat univer s i ty, S .P. univer s i ty, and
South Gujarat univer s i ty, univer s i ty l ibrar ian s are ex-of f i c io member s ecre tary of the
l ibrary commit te e . Surpri s ingly in Sauras t ra univer s i ty. , and Bhavnagar univer s i ty,
l ibrar ians have not been given any place even in the l ibrary commit te .
The dut i e s o f the unvers i ty l ibrar ian in Gujarat are not c l ear ly def ined .
Only in the M.S. univer s i ty o f Baroda, under the ord inance 39 of the univer s i ty
i t i s ment ioned that , " the univer s i ty l ibrar ian shal l be in-charge o f the
admini s t ra t ion o f the l ibrary servi ce accord ing to the po l icy laid down by the
authori t i e s , and advi se the l ibrary commit te e in al l mat ter s perta in ing to the
l ibrary s ervi ce . And the un iver s i ty l ibrar ian shal l make arrangement s to take s tock o f
books and period ica l s every three year s and maintain upto date the cata logue of
books and per iod ica l s in the l ibrar i e s . He shal l report to the l ibrary commit te e
in the mat ter. The l ibrary commit tee shal l take whatever act ion they deem f i t on the
report "(25).
The ex i s t ence of the l ibrary commit te e i s a common feature in . a l l the
univer s i t i e s of Gujarat .
The pro fe s s ional qual i f i cat ions o f the univer s i ty l ibrar ian in Gujarat are not
as pre sc r ibed by the UGC nor they are being paid the grades of the UGC. Out of a l l s ix
l ibrar i e s , only three univer s i ty l ibrar ians po s s e s s the
747 4
M.L.I.S.degree viz . The l ibrar ians o f the M.S. univer s i ty of Baroda, S.P. univer s i ty, and
Sauras t ra un iver s i ty. The l ibrar ian of the South Gujarat un iver s i ty, Surat has only B.L.I.S.
degree . In the Gujarat univer s i ty, the po s t of l ibrar ian i s vacant s ince 1980, where as
Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary i s headed by the as s i s t ant l ibrar ian, who i s po s se s s ing B,L.I.S.
degree . There i s no s ingle un iver s i ty l ibrar ian in Gujarat , who i s having Ph.D. degree in
Library and Informat ion Science .
The pay sca le s of the univer s i ty l ibrar ian in Gujarat a r e not equat ed with
academic s ta f f so far. Only in the M.S . univer s i ty of Baroda, t i l l 1985 they were
equivalent to the univer s i ty pro fe s sor. The commis s ion o f the s t ate (known as Desa i
pay commis s ion) had sugges t ed and Government of Gujarat had the pay scal e o f
1100-1600 for the univer s i ty l ibrar ian from 1st January 1973. The th ird pay
commis s ion of the s t ate was to tal ly scrapped by the government on the demand
o f the s tat e employees , and the equival ent pay s ca le o f the Fourth pay commis s ion of
the centra l government i s implemented in the s t ate from 1st January 1986. Thus , s t ate
government has given the equivalent s ca le only. Hence pay scal e of the univer s i ty
l ibrar ians in the s t ate i s Rs.3000-4500, from 1st January 1986.
General ly in Gujarat , un iver s i ty l ibrar ian s have not been given academic s t atu s
nor they are equated in pay with the academic s ta f f . Thi s does not provide an opportuni ty
for them to s i t in var ious academic commit te e s o f the
75
univer s i t i e s , and do not take part in any del iberat ions in the un iver s i ty. Thi s s i tuat ion in
Gujarat require s major changes .
23 FACULTY RELATIONSHIP
The univer s i ty l ibrary i s the tr in i ty o f books , reader s and s taf f , which require s the
co-operat ion among al l the se three factor s . The succe s s o f the l ibrary and i t s s ervi ce s to a large
extent depend s on the co-operat ion and con-ord inat ion o f al l the se three factor s . In re lat ion to
l ibrary and l ibrary service s in the univer s i ty, l ibrar ians re la t ion can be with , authori ty, s ta f f ,
the facul ty, and the s tudent community. Univer s i ty l ibrary user s can be broad ly clas s i f i ed in the
fo l lowing cat egor ie s , viz .
193 the s tudent s , those who use the l ibrary for read ing and s tudy purpo se , i . e .
undergraduate s tudent s ,
194 the s tudent s , tho se who use the l ibrary for their h igher s tudy in depth ,
i . e .po s t -graduate s tudent s ,
195 the re search scho lar s , who use the l ibrary for thei r re search purpo se ,
196 The facul ty member s , who use the l ibrary to acquire recent development s in thei r
subjec t s , exten s ion of knowledge to keep themselve s abrea s t with recent trend s ,
for re search purpo se and teach ing.
The univer s i ty l ibrar ian i s not mere ly an admini s t ra tor. He should keep in mind
that he i s the head o f the heart o f the univer s i ty, and a soc ia l in s t i tut ion. Hence
G O G O
his re lat ionsh ip with the facul ty members should be c lo se and cord ial , and he himse l f has to keep
abreas t with the recent major development s in the var ious subjec t s of un iver se o f knowledge , which
helps him in provid ing l eader sh ip to univer s i ty l ibrary in general and to l ibrary s ervi ce s in par t
i cu lar.
231 POSITION IN_ GUJARAT
Surpr i s ingly, the two o ldes t univer s i t i e s viz the M .S.univer s i ty of Borada, and the
Gujarat univer s i ty do not f ind i t nece s sary to undertake any type o f publ i c re lat ions in their
univer s i t i e s . Table Two wil l provide the in format ion regard ing the publ ic re lat ion in their
univer s i t i e s .
TABL5-2,
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN UNIVERSITIES OF
GUJARAT
TYPES OF U N I V E R S I T YPUBLIC ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------RELATIONS M.S. GUJ- S.P. SAURA- SOUTH BHAV -
ARAT STRA GUJARAT NAGAR
LIBRARY KEEPS PUBLIC NO NO YES YES YES YESRELATIONS
WRITE LETTERS NO NO NO YES YES NO
MEET THEM PERSONALLY NO NO YES YES YES YESIN THEIR DEPARTMENT
MEET THEM IN LIBRARY NO NO NO YES YES YES
ANY OTHER METHOD NO NO NO NO NO NO
6 1
From the above table i t i s found that the Sauras t ra univer s i ty and
South Gujarat un iver s i ty l ibrar ie s in form their facul ty members regard ing
new arr ival s in their l ibrar ie s regular ly. It i s a common
feature in S.P.univer s i ty, Sauras t ra univer s i ty, South Gujarat
univer s i ty, and Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrar i e s , that the l ibrar ian s meet
the facul ty members in thei r department s and the l ibrar ian s o f Sauras t ra
univer s i ty , South Gujarat un iver s i ty and Bhavnagar an iver s i ty al so meet facul ty
members in the l ibrary too , as and when they vi s i t the l ibrary. Sauras t ra
univer s i ty and South Gjuarat univer s i ty l ibrar ians are doing thei r be s t to keep
re lat ions with the facul ty member s by wri t ing them let t er s , meet ing
them in thei r department s and al so meet ing them as and when they vi s i t the 1 ibr ar y .
24 PAY SCALE QF TJHjg. LIBRARY STAFF
For any organi sat ion, i t s s t af f i s the blood which keeps al ive the organi sat ion.
Similar ly in the univer s i ty l ibrary, the succe s s of the l ibrary so le ly depend s upon i t s s ta f f . It a
univer s i ty l ibrary has good co l le c t ion of read ing mater ial and wel l furni shed modern at t ract ive
l ibrary bui ld ing, but not adequate qual i f i ed l ibrary s ta f f , l ibrary can not funct ion proper ly and
cannot provide good servi ce s to i t s c l i ente le .
PROFESSIONAL STATUS ANB ORAPP?
The organi sat ional pat t ern fo l lowed by the univer s i ty
l ibrar i e s , throughout the country i s on the bas i s o f the UGC recommendat ions .
The ent ir e univer s i ty l ibrary wo r k and se rvi ce s are divided into di f f erent
sec t ions or department s , viz book se l ec t ion sec t ion, order sec t ion, t e c h n i c a l
sec t ion, admini s t rat ion s ec t ion, re fe rence se c t ion an d s o on. The
univer s i ty l ibrar ie s al so e s t ab l i shed departmental or cons t i tuent co l l ege l ibrar i e s
wherever they w e r e found nece s sary. Such l ibrar ie s are most ly
admini s t rat ive ly and technical ly un d e r the contro l o f the univer s i ty l ibrary.
However, only the technical aspect of the l ibrary i s with the univer s i ty l ibrar ian , and
admini s t rat ive contro l i s with the d i f f e rent authori t i e s .
The s t af f of the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s o f India a r e categorized as
pro f e s s ional , s emipro fe s s ional and non pro fe s s ional , al though these des ignat ions are
di f f er ent from univer s i ty to univer s i ty. The UGC l ibrary commit tee had
categori s ed them as pro fe s s ional sen ior, pro f e s s ional Junior, and pro f e s s ional as s i s t ant ,
and they are equival ent to teach ing facul ty. Th e UGC L i b r a r y
Comm i t t e e ( 1957) h a s r e c ommen d ed f o l l ow i n g s t r u c t u r e o f t h e l i b r a r y s t af f ,
t h e i r f u n c t i o n a l d e s i g n a t i o n , t h e i r p r o f e s s i o n a l s t a t u s , t h e i r
qual i f i ca t ions , thei r grade s in a un iver s i ty l ibrary and the c o r r e s p o nd i n g scal e s o f
sa lary for each grade a s u n d e r (26) .
DESIGNATION
PROFESSIONAL STATUSQUALIFICATIONS
6RADF SCALE OF PAY
M D
PROFESSIONAL STATUS ANB ORAPP?
LIBRARIAN
DOCUMENTAL1ST
DEPUTY/OR ASSI
STANT LIBRARIANPROFESSION
AL SENIO
R
-D0-
-D0-
M.LIB.SC. II CLASS OR M.A. OR M.SC. II CLASS AND DIP.IN LIB.SC. OR B.LIB.SC. I CLASS) A PRESCRIBED MINIMUM EXPERIENCE IN RESEARCH OR A UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
-DO-
-DO-DOCTORATE
IN LIBRARY SCIENCE OR ANY OTHER SUBJECT
-DO-
-DO
-DO
800-50-1250 (PROFESSORS.!
500-25-800 (READERS)
-DO-
REFERENCE LIBRARIAN
CHIEF CLASSIFER
-DO-
-DO
-DO-
-DO
-
D
O
-
-
D
O
-
D
O
-
-DO
-DO-
-DO-
PROFESSIONAL JUNICR
CHIEF
CATALOGUER
MAINTENANCE LIBRARIANASSISTANT CLASSIFIER
ASSISTANT
CATALOGUERACCESSION
LIBRARIAN
PERIODICAL LIBRARIAN
CIRCULATION LIBRARIAN
SENIOR LIBRARY PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANT ASSISTANT IN ANY SECTION
BUT NOT THE REFERENCE SCE.
-DD-
DIP.LIB.SC.OR B.LIB.SC. I CLASS AND B.A. OR B.SC.OR B.COM. II CLASS
-DO-
-DO-
DO-
DO-
DO-
DO
-DO
-DO-
-
D
O
-
D
O
-
D
O
-DO-
DO
-DO-
-DO-
-DO-
-DO-
-DO-
-DO-
-DO-
250-20-500 (LECTURERS)
-DO-
-DO-
-DO-
-DO-
-DO-
150-10-250 (ASSISTANT LECTURERS)
PROFESSIONAL STATUS
JUNIOR LIBRARY SEM1-ASSISTANTPROFESS!ONALIN ANY SECTION BUT NOT IN THE REFEREN
CE St'C.CEP..LIB. SC. AND GOOD HIGHER SECONDARY CE.R.B0-5-
150-10-220
9i
Sen commit te e has withdrawn the par i ty of t h e univer s i ty l ibrary s ta f f with
the teach ing facul ty in India . A f t e r var ious repre sentat ions made to the UGC and the
Government o f India, Mini s t ry o f Educat ion and Culture has cons idered the par i ty o f
l ibrary s taf f in their pay sca le s with the teach ing facul ty with e f f ec t f rom 15th Apri l
1980 v i d e their le t t er No. F.2/1/82/U.I. dated 15th December 1982 addre s sed t o
t h e s ecre tary, UGC, New Delh i , as under,
TABLE -3
PAY SCALES OF LIBRARY STAFF'S
POST SCALE AS ON 31.12.1972
SCALE AS ON 01.01.1973
REVIDED SCALE W.E.F. 01.04.80
LIBRARIAN
I)Y. L IBRAR I
AN
ASSTT.LIBRARI
AN
DOCUMENTATIO
NOFFICER( i )
C i i ) 1 100-1600
700-1250
400- 950
700-1250
400- 950
1500-2500
1 100-1600
700-1300
1100-1600
700-1300
1500-2500
1200-1900
700-1600
1200-1900
700-1600
Further , government o f India , Mini s t ry of Human r e s o u r c e deve lopment
(department o f Educat ion ) New Delh i v i d e their le t t er No. F.1-21/87-U.I. dated 22nd
July, 1988 ad d r e s s e d to the Educat ion Secretar i e s of al l the s t ate s , r e v i s e d the pay sca le s o f
the l ibrary per sonne l a long with t h e teacher s o f univer s i t i e s , with e f f e c t from 1st
January
1986 , a s u n d e r ,
REVISED
(.ANNEXURE-1)
PAY SCALES OF LIBRARIANS FROM 01.01.1986
IN THE UNIVERSITIES
DESIGNATION
EXISTING SCALES OF PAY
REVISED SCALES OF PAY W.E .F. 01 .01 . 1986
A . UNIVERSITY
ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN/ DOCUMENTATION OFFICER
ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN/ DOCUMENTATION OFFICER ( .S e n i o r s c a l e )
ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN/ DOCUMENTATION OFFICER (S e1 e c t i o n s e a 1 e )
DEPUTY LIBRARIAN
LIBRARIAN
700- 1600
NOT EXISTING
NOT EXISTING
1200 - 1900
1500-2500
2200-4000
3000-5000
3700-5700
3700-5700
4300 -7300
Su r p r i s i n g l y , UGC c omm i t t e e h a s c a t e g o r i z e d l i b r a r y s ta f f i n f i v e
c a t e g o r i e s . 241 LIBRARY STAFF IK GUJARAT
S i z e o f t h e s t a f f o f a un i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y d e p e n d s u p o n t h e s e r v i c e s o f f e r e d
t o i t s u s e r s , a n d c e n t r a l i z a t i o n o r d e c e n t r a l i z a t i o n . Wh i l e c o n s i d e r i n g t h e s e r v i c e s o f
t h e l i b r a r y o n e h a s t o s t ud y t h a t h ow m any h o u r s t h e l i b r a r y r ema i n s o p e n f o r i t s
c l i e n t e l e a n d f o r h ow m any d ay s i n a y e a r . How many s e c t i o n s a r e t h e r e i n t h e
l i b r a r y ? wh e t h e r l i b r a r y p r o v i d e s d o c um en t a t i o n , b i b l i o g r a p h i c , r e f e r e n c e
a n d
85
reprograph ic se rvice ? Simi lar ly, whether the univer s i ty
l ibrary has departmental l ibrary or not -and i f the un iver s i ty
l ibrary has departmental l ibrar i e s whether they are
admini s t ra t ive ly and technica l ly centra l iz ed or
decentral ized . These are the important factor s in evaluat ing the s ize o f the s ta f f o f the
univer s i ty l ibrary.
In India only two e f fort s have been made to
e s tabl i sh val id and re l iabl e s t af f ing formula for the
univer s i ty l ibrar ie s . Under the chai rmansh ip of Dr.
S .R.Ranganathan a l ibrary commit tee was se tup by the UGC
(1957) which has sugges t ed the s ta f f formula for the
univer s i ty l ibrar i e s , which i s as under.
"The s t r ength of the s ta f f for the d i f f e rent sec t ions i s to be determined roughly on
the fo l lowing bas i s .
197 Book Sect ion :- One per son for every 6000 volumes added in a year.
198 Period ica l publ icat ion Sect ion : One per son for every 500 current per iod ica l s
taken.
199 Documentat ion se c t ion s One per son for every 1000 entr i e s prepared in a
year.
200 Technica l sec t ion : One per son for every 2000 volumes added in a year.
201 Reference sec t ion : One per son for every 50 reader s (o ther than the user s of
the text book co l le c t ion) in a day.
202 Circulat ion s One per son for every 1500 hours for
86
which one wicket gate o f the l ibrary has to be kept open in a year.
203 Maintenance Sect ion : One per son for every 6000 volume
added in a yea>, one per son for every 500 volume to be rep laced in
a day, and one per son for every 100000 vo lumes in the l ibrary.
204 Admini s t rat ive se c t ion :- Minimum of one l ibrary accountant , one Steno-typi s t ,
and one corre spondence c lerk, and
205 Supervi sory sec t ion : One l ibrar ian and one as s i s tant as Deputy l ibrar ian.
10. Unski l l ed Staf f : one c leaner for every 30000 volumes
in the l ibrary one at t endant each for every 6000
volumes added in a year, for every 500 current
per iod ica l s taken, and for each of the sh i f t s in
the c i rculat ion s ec t ion , be s ide s unsk i l l ed and the
semi ski l l ed workers normal to any in s t i tut ion" .<27)
The UGC library Commit tee makes further provi s ion for leave sub s t i tut e s ,
bys tat ing normal ly a per son works only for about 250 days in a year. In other days he
has hi s week ly ho l idays , month ly ho l idays , not i f i ed hol idays , causal leave , and earned
l eave. Provi s ion must , there fore , be made in c ir cu lat ion sec t ion, re fe rence s ec t ion and the
supervi sory sec t ion for the remaining working days in the year. In other
87
s ec t ions , i t may he suf f i c i ent to make provi s ion for leave vacancy at the rate o f one month in a
year for each number in i t . "
Under the jo int ausp ice s of the INSDOC and the UGC a seminar an work f low
in l ibrar i e s "was held in New Delh i , during 21-24 November, 1966. The seminar d i scus s ed the
i s sue o f s ta f f ing in the univer s i ty l ibrar i e s and made at t empt s to revi se the UGC library
commit te e formula, and made the fo l lowing sugges t ions ,
Library s taf f
Clas s i f i cat ion
(accord ing to the
extent of c las s i f i cat ion)
Cataloguing (5 card s)
Acce s s ion ing
Fi 1 ing
One per son per day/
prepared in a day.
12 - 15 Books
12 Books 40 books 250
card s" (28).
The fo l lowing tab le focuse s on the s i tuat ion o f the l ibrary s ta f f s in the di f f erent
univer s i ty l ibrar ie s of Gujarat .
TABLE-5
COMPARATIVE POSITION OF STAFF IN THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES OF
GUJARAT
STAFF U N I V E R S T I Y L I B R A R Y
M.S. GUJARAT S.P SAURASTRA SOUTH BHAVNAGAR GUJARAT
909 0
LIBRARIAN 1
DY. LIBRARIAN
ASSTT.
LIBRARIAN 3
PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANT
TECHNICAL ASSTT. 18
5Jr. TECHNICAL
ASSISTANT
MINISTERIAL
OTHERS
1*
2
3»
5M
25
30
14
18
14 1
1 1 1
1
18
16
8 9
TOTAL 102 66 41 30 43 21
Note:- In Gujarat Univer s i ty the fo l lowing pos t s are vacant
CI) Librarian -1206 Profe s s ional Ass t t . - l207 Technical Ass t t . -2
As ment ioned ear l i er the s ize o f the s t af f depend s upon the l ibrary
service s to i t s c l i ente l e and the formulat ion o f s t ructure o f the l ibrary sy s t em in
the univer s i ty. By and large, f romthe above table i t i s found that in Gujarat
univer s i ty l ibrar ie s have not fo l lowed s tandard s ta f f ing formula. Hence
inadequate s ize o f the s ta f f
49
26
i n the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s i s seen . The univer s i ty authori t i e s should pay urgent at t ent ion
to f i l l up the vacant po s t s in the re spect ive univer s i ty l ibrar i e s and evaluat e the bas i c
requirement o f s t af f in the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s of the s t ate .
242 PAY SCALES OF LIBRARY STAFF IN. GUJARAT
The exi s t ing po s t s and their pay sca le s in d i f f er ent univer s i t i e s l ibrar ie s in Bujarat
are as under :
TABLE-6
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF PAY SCALES OF
LIBRARY STAFF IN GUJARAT WITH EFFECT FROM
01.01.1986
DESIGNATION AND U N I V E R S I T Y L I B R A R YPAY SCALE ----------------------------------------....................--------------------------....................---------................- - -M.S. GUJARAT S.P. SAURASTRA SOUTH BHAVNAGAR
GUJARAT
LIBRARIAN YES YES YES YES YES NO(3000-4500)
DY. LIBRARIAN NO NO NO NO YES NO(2200-4000)
ASSTT.LIBRARIAN YES YES YES YES YES YES(2200-4000)
PROFESSIONAL NO YES NO NO NO NOASSISTANT(2000-3500)
TECHNICAL YES YES YES YES YES YESASSISTANT(1640-2900)
Jr.TECHNICAL YES NO NO NO NO NOASSISTANT(1400-2300)
From the above tab le , the po s t o f deputy l ibrar ian i s found only in South
Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary, Surat , and i t s pay s ca le i s the some as that of a s s i s t ant
l ibrar ians o f a l l other univer s i t i e s in the s tat e . The po s t of pro f e s s ional Ass i s tant i s found
only in Gujarat un iver s i ty with a pay scal e o f Rs.2000-3500 in the s ta te . Similar ly
the po s t of Jr.Technica l Ass i s tant i s found only in the M.S.univer s i ty of Baroda with
pay scal e o f Rs.1400-2300 in the s tat e .
Government of Gujarat has accepted the UGC per s ca le s qnly for the un iver s i ty
l ibrar ie s o f the M.S.univer s i ty vide government re so lut ion No.KH-1-1026-10 dated 22nd Oct .
1988 with ef f ec t from 1.1.86. Even then the l ibrar ian o f the M .S.univer s i ty of Baroda i s
be ing paid the s t ate paysca le ( i . e .3000-4500). Whereas other univer s i ty l ibrar ians , Deputy
l ibrar ians and Ass i s t ant l ibrar ians of the s t ate have not been incorporated in i t , with the re su l t
a l l the as s i s tant l ibrar ian s o f the univer s i t i e s o f Gujarat are not get t ing the benef i t of sen ior
s ca le and s e le c t ion scal e s re spect ive ly.
243 ANOMALIES IN TJJE_ PAY. SCALES
With the implementat ion of the UGC sca le s in Gujarat for co l lege l ibrar ian s along
with the teacher s o f the co l lege s and univer s i t i e s , from 1st January 1986, they are e l ig ible for
s en ior and se lec t ion sca le s , which are 3000-5000 and 3700-5700 respect ive ly. The
l ibrar ians , deputy l ibrar ians and as s i s tant l ibrar ian s o f the univer s i t i e s in Gujarat are being paid
the s t ate scal e s , which are le s s than the sen ior
and se lec t ion grades of co l lege l ibrar ians . There i s no provi s ion o f sen ior and
se l ec t ion s ca le s in the s t ate .
It shows that , in Gujarat , government have been implement ing
two d i f f e rent scal e s in the same pro fe s s ion, with h igher re spons ib i l i ty work
and qual i f i ca t ions the univer s i ty l ibrary s ta f f i s being paid l e s s than the people with
lower re spons ib i l i ty, work and qual i f i cat ions in the same pro fe s s ion. Thus
there i s an urgent need to remove anomal ie s in the s t ate , because i t e f f e c t s the
pro f e s s ion in general and l ibrary service s and l ibrary educat ion in par t
icular .
In Gujarat , a l l the univer s i ty l ibrary s ta f f are equal ly paid and the required
qual i f i ca t ions are al so uni form for each po s t .
REFERENCES
1. WILSON (L R) and TAUBER (M F).The Univer s i ty l ibrary. Ed
2. New York, Columbia univer s i ty pre s s ,1956 PP 117-122.
208 MUKERJEE (S K) and SENGUPTA (B). Library organi sat ion and
admini s t ra t ion. Calcut ta , the world pre s s , 1977. PP 19-20.
209 BOSE (P C). The s tory of a century old univer s i ty l ibrary.
In : Library Herald , 6(1963). P 121.
210 UGC (U K), Commit tee on Librar ie s (1963) (Chairman! Thomas Parry). Report .
London, HMSO, 1967. P 141.
5. M.S. UNIVERSITY OF BARODA. Handbook. Baroda, univer s i ty
pre s s , 1979 P 106.
1
949 4
6. GUJARAT UNIVERSITY. (Ahmedabad). Handbook? part two.
Ahmedabad, univer s i ty pre s s 1980 p 118. 7 S .P . UNIVERSITY,(Val labh
vidhyanagar) . Handbook.
Val labhvidhya nagar, univer s i ty pre s s 1968 p 100.
8. SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY,(RaJkot) . Handbook. Ra jkot ,univer s i ty
pre s s , 1981. P 103.
9 . SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY,(Surat) . Handbook. Surat ,
univer s i ty pre s s , 1982. p 99.
10 BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY,(Bhavnagar) . Handbook. Bhavnagar, publ icat ion
o f f i c er, 1983. p 51.
11. WILSON (L R) and TAUBER (M F). op. c i t .( l) . P 43.
12. WHITE (Car l M) . A survey o f the Delh i univer s i ty
l ibrary. Delh i , univer s i ty of Delh i , 1965. p 68.
13. M.S. UNIVERSITY OF BARODA. op. c i t .CS). P 107.
211 GUJARAT UNIVERSITY (Ahmedabad).op. c i t .(6). pp 119-20.
212 SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY (Val labhvidhya nagar) . op. c . i t .(7) .
P P 101-102.
213 SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY(Rajkot) . op. c i t .(8) . PP 103-104.
214 SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY,(Surat) . op.c i t .(9) . PP 100-101.
215 BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY,(Bhavnagar) . op.c i t .( lO). PP 51-52.
216 GELFAND (M A). Univer s i ty l ibrar i e s for developing countr ie s .
UNESCO, 1971. PP 58-59.
217 UGC (U K). Capita l provi s ion for univer s i ty l ibrar ie s : report o f the working
party (Chairman: R Atkinson). London, HMSO, 1976. P 5.
218 WILSON (L R) and TAUBER (M F). op.c i t . (1). pp 127-128.
22. DOUGHERTY (R M) and HEINRITS (F J) . Scient i f i c management
22
' 4
of l ibrary operat ions . New York, score crow pres s , 1966. P 39.
219 UGC(India) . Commit tee on univer s i ty and co l l ege l ibrar ie s ,
(1957) (Chairman: S R Ranganathan) . Report . New Delh i , UGC,
1965. P 66.
220 GIDWANI(N N),Ed. "The f ir s t seminar of univer s i ty 1ibrarian s" .(16-
19, November 1966) paper. 4 V. Jaipur VI. P2.
221 M.S.UNIVERSITY OF BARODA. op. c i t .(5). P 107
222 UGC (India) , op. c i t .(23). pp 66-67.
223 UGC (India) , op.c i t . (23). PP 72-73.
28. SEMINAR ON WORK FLOW IN LIBRARIES(New Delh i)(1966).
Recommendat ions . In: Ias l i c Bul le t in . 12(1) 1967. PP 46-47.
3
7 $ 7 $
CHAPTER 3
LIBRAIRY COLLECTION
224 Introduct ion
225 Col lec t ion deve lopment programme
226 Col lec t ion deve lopment re spons ib i l i ty
227 Book se le t ion po l i cy in Gujarat Univer s i t i e s
228 Library Col le c t ion
229 Book co l le c t ion in univer s i ty l ibrar i e s in Gujarat
230 Period ica l co l lec t ion in univer s i ty l ibrar i e s in Gu jar at
231 Specia l co l le c t ions in univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in Gujarat
7 6
CHAPTER - 3_ LIBRARY
COLLECTION 1_ INTRODUCTION
Library i s the tr in i ty of books , s ta f f and reader s , and book i s the
foundat io in of the l ibrary, the dual ro le o f t h e univer s i ty re f l ec t s on l ibrary
co l lec t ion : Teach ing a n d re s earch . The univer s i ty l ibrary has to provide teach ing
a n d l earning materai l s for the graduate s , and teach ing and re s earch mater ia l s for
the re s t of the univer s i ty community. Provi s ion for the f i r s t i s eas ie r, because what
i s required i s read i ly ascer ta inable and as suming that there are adequate f inanc ia l
re source s , equal ly read i ly obtainab le . The s econd category i s al together much more
problemat ic , because there a r e n o prec i s e ly def ined upper l imit s t o such provi s ion.
The r e s e a r c h scho lar s not only need a large l ibrary, which i s s t rong
in bas ic general re fe rence works , inc lud ing per iod ica l s in al l f i e ld s ,
but al so large co l l ec t ions of what i s loo se ly cal l ed s econdary l i t erature .
Knowledge i s power and l ibrary i s the re s ervo ir o f t h e knowledge . fc ience i t i s
nece s sary to have a good balanced co l lec t ion in every academic l ibrary in order t o s erve the
n e e d s o f s tudent s and facul ty t o support the curr icu lum of t h e in s t i tut ion. Hence the princip le
of appropriatenes s impl ie s that the se l ec t ion shal l be del iberat e and di s cerning i n accordance
with wel l def ined po l ic i e s and procedures . The univer s i ty l ibrar ian and hi s s t af f are
re spons ib le for the
989 8
sele c t ion o f read ing mater ial . Among al l o ther re spons ib i l i t i e s of them th i s i s the greate s t one to
s ee that as far as the ir re source s permit them, the r igh t books and per iod ica l s are be ing added
to the l ibrary. However in the un iver s i ty l ibrary se le c t ion of read ing mater ia l s i s general ly
made by the subjec t expert s and/ or facul ty members .
11 COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
It i s the l ibrary, which has to play an important ro le to ful f i l the
object ive s and funct ions o f the univer s i ty educat ion. Hence i t i s the re spons ib i l i ty o f the
univer s i ty l ibrary to acquire such read ing mater ia l which can be able to meet the
requirement s o f i t s u ser s . Every univer s i ty l ibrary must have a co l l ec t ion development
po l icy, which can meet' the requirement s o f the unver s i ty educat ion. Accord ingly
the un iver s i ty l ibrary has to have some se t of co l l ec t ion deve lopment
po l icy in bui ld ing up the l ibrary co l l ec t ion. The teach ing methods , the
nature o f re search programme undertaken, the s t rength of s tudent s , the
s iz e o f and d iver s i ty o f the facul ty, and the acce s s ib i l i ty of
organ i sa t ion o f the l ibary are some important cr i t er ia in formulat ing the co l l ec t ion
development programme.
The co l le c t ion development programme i s the plan to. carry out the
object ive s of the univer s i ty l ibrary in re lat ion to the development of l ibrary co l le c t ions . Such
planning should be a long range and f lex ibl e one in i t s nature and subject to per iod ical
reviewing and provi s ion for revi s ion. It must have the support o f un iver s i ty authori ty in
99
ach ieving i t s goal and methods o f i t s operat ion. For the SUCBS5 of co l l ec t ion
development programme, the ac t ive co operat ion o f facul ty members and the l ibrary s ta f f i s
needed . Wil son and Tauber s t ate that , " there are certain mat ter s which the programme
should make cl ear.It should show:
232 Who has the re spons ib i l i ty for se e ing that a po l icy i s se t UP and regular ly
carr ied out;
233 Who should have f inal authori ty for direc t ing and contro l l ing the d i s t r ibut ion o f
book funds;
234 What mater ia l s should be acquired ; and
235 Who should part i c ipat e in the se l ec t ion" (1).
Il l COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT RESPONSIBILITY
General ly, in univer s i ty l ibrary book se l ec t ion i s
b e i n g carr ied out by the book- se l ec t ion commit tee , in which normal ly, the l ibrar ian ,
l ibrary s taf f (mainly concerned with acqus i t ion work), and the s en ior
facul ty member s are invo lved . Usual ly, i t i s the re spons ib i l i ty o f the l ibrar ian t o s e e
that a wel l co-ord inat ed , sy s t emat i c plan for se l ec t ion i s e s tabl i shed and
maintained . Most ly, se le c t ion of r e a d i n g mater ia l for teach ing and re s earch purpo se
i s the re spons ib i l i ty o f the facul ty, and for general re fe rence wo r k s , perod ical s
and other us e fu l support ing mater ial s the l i b r a r i a n or hi s s ta f f i s re spons ib l e .
The UGC library commit tee has s ta ted that , " there should be three t ier s in sharing ■
the re spons ib i l i ty in book-se lec t ion and pruchas e:
( . 1 ) Top Management , which may be e i ther the syndicat e
100
(Execut ive Counci l) or the l ibrary commit tee?
236 Panel o f expert s cons i s t ing of at leas t one expert on behal f o f the Board
of s tud i e s in each subjec t and one' expert on behal f o f the department of
re s earch in each sub jec t ; and
237 The excut ive o f f i c er o f the l ibrary namely the l ibrar ian. The
re spons ib i l i ty of the top management should be?
(1) Provid ing money for the purchas e o f the
spec ial i s ed books needed for the us e of the
department of re search in each subjec t ?
(2) Provid ing general book fund for the l ibrary as a
whole ?
238 Allocat ion of the general book fund among the di f f erent subjec t s?
239 Allocat ion o f each subjec t's share o f general book fund among current
per iod ica l s , re fer ence books , t reat i s e s , and text books , with a wide marg in of
to lerance ;
240 Laying down broad princ iple s o f book se lec t ion; repre s entat ive s for each Board
of s tud ie s and each department of re search ;
241 Nominat ing a panel o f expert advi sor s o f , say, two
(7) Per iad i ca l ly -normal ly annual ly revi ewing the book
purchas e by methods of random sampling, to se e i f
the po l i cy la id down and the al locat ion of funds
made have been adhered to , and to make any change,
i f deemed nece s sary? and
101
(8) Taking s t eps for the prevent ion o f ir regular i t i e s in the future "(2). General ly, the
l ibrary commit te e plays the ro le o f al locat ing book funds , sub jec t wis e , in most o f
the Indian un iver s i t i e s . Some t imes syndicat e (Execut ive Counc i l) i s the f inal authori ty
in th i s mat t er. However, i t i s the pr ivi l ege of l ibrary commit tee to act a s po l icy
making organ for univer s i ty l ibrary. It s membersh ip ranges f rom 10 to 20
members , some of them are unintere s t ed , some are obl ivious and other s
inte l l ec tual ly dehydrated . With the re su l t , l ibrary commit tee turns into
an inef f e c t ive organ for planning any ef f ec t ive acqui s i t ion po l icy in the univer s i ty
l ibrar i e s o f the nat ion. Book se lec t ion and acqui s i t ion i s a cont inuous proce s s .
But , normal ly facul ty forward their requirement s in the form of a l i s t o f books
for s tudent s and the facul ty member s on the bas i s o f their curr i cu lar
requirement s , or the approved l i s t of books . Books revi ewed in current per iod ical s are
se l ec t ed by the facul ty.
The above so lut ion rai se s ques t ions l ike who must be made re spons ib l e for the book
se l ec t ion-e i ther l ibrary or the facul ty ? The UGC library commit te e sugges t s to as s ign thi s
re spons ib i l i ty to the panel o f Expert Advi se r s ,by s tat ing "The re spons ib i l i ty o f an Expert
Advi se r in a sub jec t should be :
(1) To evaluate each o f the t i t l e s in the book se l ec t ion l i s t placed before him by the
l ibrar ian from t ime to t ime?
102
242 To el iminat e the i t ems o f poorer s tandard , so as to bring the co s t with in the
quota marked for the l i s t ;
243 To add new t i t l e s to the l i s t and el iminat e t i t l e s of equival ent co s t , to keep the
co s t with in the quota marked for the l i s t ; *
244 To as say the text books in the textbook book- se l ec t ion l i s t and
advi se on the number o f copie s of each text -book and to e l iminate or to add to
the l i s t , so as to keep the co s t of the l i s t with in the quota marked for the l i s t ;
and
(5) To review (jo int ly by the expert advi s er s o f the
Board o f s tud ie s and Department o f Reseach) the
current l i s t o f per iod ical s , bearing in mind the
des irabi l i ty o f not d i s turb ing the l i s t too o f t en ,
say, not dropping out a per iod ical ord inari ly in le s s than three
year s "(3).
In response to UGC l ibrary commit tee
recommendat ion, Banerj ee (4), Dutta (5), and Thakor (6) have extended thei r
support to the UGC's content ion. Banerje e opine s that the l ibrar ian must s t r ive to get
c lo se coperat ion from al l facul ty members to the task o f book- se l ec t ion. Dutta sugge s t s
that facul ty members be given a free hand in book s e le c t ion and al lowed to f inal i s e the
l i s t . Thakare sugges t s that l ibrary should acquire lat e s t book-reviewing journal s
and show to facul ty members al l such reviews and spec ia l l i s t s that are
of intere s t to them and have their co operat ion in the book-s e le c t ion
work. However, Gidwani(7)
cr i t i c i s ed the sy s t em , "because t i t l e s are jus t t i cked o f f
f rom the l i s t s s ent in by non descr ipt book se l l e r s or books are se lec t ed from the the lo t s
brought on approval bas i s by vendors . - - - Rarely are the l i s t o f books for purchas e are
made out af t e r perusa l of revi ews in re l evant journal s and l i t e rary supp lement s . The net
re su l t i s that the book shelve s in the l ibrary get c lut t ered up with a lo t o f ephemeral junk".
Here i t i s e s s ent ial to note that , nei ther the Univer s i ty Grant s Commis s ion,
nor the Indian Univer s i ty l ibrar ie s have found i t nece s sary to know, that what are the
bas ic need s and the requirement s o f the re s earch s cho lar s , with the re su l t that haphazard
co l le c t ion o f books are found unsui tab le for s tudy and re search purpo se .
UGC (U.K.) , in i t s recommendat ion note s that , "Each un iver s i ty l ibrary
should have a deve loping acqui s i t ion po l icy, which should be cons tant ly revi s ed . Clo se co -
operat ion wil l be nece s sary between l ibrary and academic s t af f in formulat ing , developing
and implement ing acqui s i t ion po l i c ie s .
It i s e s s ent ia l that a high proport ion o f the books purchased should be
avai labl e in the l ibrary as soon as po s s ib le a f t er publ i cat ion.
So far as po s s ib le , univer s i ty l ibrar i e s should tra in s t af f to become spec i l i s t s
in a wide vari e ty of the subjec t f i e ld s taught with in the univer s i ty, and these should b e
given maximum responi sbi1 i ty for book- se l ec t ion, with the
ful l co-operat ion o f the academic s ta f f " ( 8 ; .
2 BOOK SELECTION POLICY
I» »e l ibrar i e s , a def in i t e procedure for se le c t ion of brooks and per iod ical s**
must be laid down. From each unver s i ty department a smal l book-
s e le c t ion commit te e cons i s t ing o f two or three subjcat expert s with at l ea s t one o f f i ce r-
in- charge to act a s chai rman should be s e tup . This comji i i t t ee should meet at
leas t once in a month for preparing se l ec t ion l i s t s o f books required by the facul ty
members and s tudent s of a part icular department . Similar ly, sugges t ions of the
reader s should be given due weightage in book- se lec t ion, and for th i s
purpo se sugge s t ion box or sugge s t ion reg i s t e r should be maintained in the
l ibrary and al l the books sugges t ed by the reader s should be s creened by the book
se le c t ion commit tee o f var ious department s pr ior to their
The succe s s of the sound book se le c t ion po l i cy depend s on the user s survey, which
te l l s what the us er's n e e d s and requirement s are . But , the member s of the book-s e le c t ion
commit tee or the univer s i ty l ibrar ians lack th i s pract ice , to know and di scover , the requirement s
and opinions o f us er s about the l ibrary co l le c t ion.
It i s a l so di f f i cul t for univer s i ty l ibrary to draw a l ine in book se l ec t ion po l icy
that such mater ia l s are only for under graduate s tudent s , graduat e , re s earch scho lar s , and so on.
Because knowledge has no boundari e s , the books us ed by under graduate s may be used as
wel l by graduat e s tudent s and
105
re search scho lar s ; document s which may be required by thie facul ty for their re search may
al so be helpful in thei r teach ing. For the undergraduate s or graduate s learn ing and
teach ing i t i s not di f f i cul t to se l ec t mater ia l s . Major trtTf i cul t ie s are in provid ing
re search mater ial for re s earch wor ker s .
Pr ior to draw a book-se lec t ion po l i cy, i t i s e s s ent ia l to
make a survey in the univer s i ty l ibrary of user s , per iod ical us e ,
government , soc ie ty, fore ign publ i cat ions and thei r us e in the l ibrary. This
helps in drawing book se l ec t ion po l icy. Dr. Verma and Dr. Tejomurty ( . 9 ) conducted a
survey of Vikram Unvers i ty and concluded that the re search scho lar s in Poli t i ca l Science and
Economic s use 51.75'/. and 45.01"/ . books re spect ive ly, 34.30"/. and
33.08"/ . government publ icat ions re spect ive ly, and 13.95 /. and 21.90 /. non book* *
mater ia l re spect ive ly. These type s of survey help the univer s i ty l ibrary to form an
opinion as to what the re s earch scho lar s require from the l ibrary and
provide guidel ine s in formulat ing an adequat e and balanced acqui s i t ion
and pol i cy for the l ibrary.
The l ibrar ian's eth ic s for book s e le c t ion po l icy and co l lec t ion development require s
to meet the demand of us er s to a maximum extent with greater economy and ef f i c i ency. This
require s great planning o f book se lec t ion, acqui s i t ion and equitabl e al locat ion o f avai labl e
funds . 21 BOOK SELECTION PQUCY IH 6WARAT UNIVERSITY
In Gujarat Univer s i t i e s , the budget i s sanct ioned by the s enat e o f the
univer s i ty. Accord ingly the unvers i ty
106
l ibrary i s in formed by the unvers i ty of f i ce about the sanct ion grant s for un iver s i ty l ibrary.
The l ibrary commit te e al locate s the sanct ioned grant to each subjec t . General ly there i s no
such wri t t en po l icy or guidel ine s for th i s al locat ion o f funds , but the l ibrary commit te e
cons ider s the requirement s of each sub jec t development , re s earch programmes undertaken in
a subjec t , the ir current ho ld ings and s t rength o f the facul ty and s tudent s in a sub jec t .
These are cons idered as the cr ie t e r ia for the al locat ion o f book grant and a smal l percent
o f grant i s kept for general re f erence books at the di spo sa l o f l ibrar ian.
In Gujarat Univer s i ty, Sauras ta Univer s i ty and South Gujarat Univer s i ty a
provi s ion i s be ing made to keep a sepa rate bank accout in the name of " l ibrary
account" . Thi s " l ibrary account" i s operated jo int ly by the l ibrar ian and the concerned
univer s i ty authori ty, which i s unique feature in Gujarat . Once the amount i s
sanct ioned for the spec i f i c purpo se i t i s good to keep i t s account separat e ly. Book-
s e le c t ion i s being done by the book-se lec t ion commit te e in almost a l l univer s i ty l ibrar ie s
in Gujarat and book- se l ec t ion commit tee members are appointed by the l ibrary
commit tee . These prac t ic e s in Gujarat re f l ec t that the l ibrary and l ibrar ian in
Gujarat have noth ing to do in co l le c t ion deve lopment .
LIBRARY COLLECTION
The un iver s i ty l ibrary co l le c t ion should cons i s t o f
107
good number o f se l ec t ed s tock o f general mater ia l s l ike books; perod ical s ;
government publ i cat ions; in s t i tut ional publ icat ions; pamphlet s ; newspaper etc . and
spec ial materal s l ike micro f i lms , di s s er tat ions , these s , manuscr ipt s , maps , photograph s ,
chart s , audio-vi sual mater ial s , et c . which are su i table for the l ibrary in re lat ion to
their e f f ec t ive use . The univer s i ty l ibrary co l le c t ion should enab le the facul ty t o keep
them abreas t o f recent deve lopment s in thei r f i e ld s o f intere s t . It should al so meet the
need s o f the curr i cu la of graduate , undergraduate s tudent s o f the univer s i ty, and i t shoud
be of that qual i ty and quant i ty which al so meet s the need s o f the re s earch scho lar s .
Mainly, t h e univer s i ty l ibrary co l lec t ion may b e convenient ly
d ivided into two cat egorie s . Foremost and fundamental n e e d o f a l ibrary i s
up t o date r e f e r e n c . works , [h i s should repre sent major re ference
works , l ike e n c y c l o p a e d i a s , general a n d subect , language dic t ionari e s , h a n d
b o o k s o f var ious subjec t f ie ld s , almanacs a n d s t a t i s t i c i a l
compilat ions , language guide s , biograph ical dic t ionarie s , geograph ica l at la se s ,
h i s tor i e s , re s earch d irec tor i e s , bibl iograph ie s , indexe s , ab s t ract s , t rans la t ion l i s t s etc .
in the major f ie ld s of knowledge and princ ipal language s o f the world and so on.
Th e s econdary and larges t category o f the un iver s i ty l i b r a r y co l lec t ion are t h e
books , per iod ica l s and o t h e r read ing mater ia l s , which may not serve only curr icu lar a n d
re search requirement s , but i t must be of univer sa l character.
8 78 7
UGC iU „K . ) , R e po r t ( . 1967) , s u g g e s t e d , "Th e p o l i c y o f a un i v e r s i t y
l i b r a r y w i l l c o n s i d e r a l l s u b j e c t f i e l d s wh i c h a r e t o b e d e v e l o p e d i n r e l a t i o n t o
t h e n e e d s o f t h e s t ud e n t s a n d s t a f f o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y , a l l s p e c i a l c o l l e c t i o n s a n d a l l
t y p e s o f m a t e r i a l - wh e t h e r p r i n t e d o r n o t . S om e e x amp l e s o f U 'G ma t e r i a l wh i c h
a un i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y may b e e x p e c t e d t o c o l l e c t a n d wh i c h po s e d i f f e r e n t p r o b l em s
i n t h e i r a c q u i s i t i o n m e t h o d s a r e :
< a ,> S t ud e n t' s t e x t s ;
245 Boo k s c u r r e n t l y p ub l i s h e d ;
246 S e r i e s ;
247 Cu r r e n t l y p ub l i s h e d p e r i d o c a l s ;
248 Rar e bo o k s a n d man u s c r i p t s ;
249 Gen e r a l d e s i d e r a t a i n c l u d i n g b o o k s e t s o f p e r i o d i c a l s ; a n d
250 o t h e r ma t e r i a l s - ( 1 )
m ap s ;
( . 2 ) s h e e t mu s i c ;
251 mi c r o f o rm s ;
252 r e c o r d e d s o und o n t a p e s o r r e c o r d s ;
(5 ) c i n e f i lm s a n d o t h e r v i s u a l a i d s r a n d
(6 ) c a r d s a n d t a p e s f o r c ompu t e r s .
E a c h o f t h e s e i t em s w i l l n e e d t o b e t r e a t e d i n t h e l i b r a r y' s p o l i c y
d o c um en t " (9). S u r p r i s i n g l y , t h e UGC (Ind i a ) l i b r a r y c omm i t t e e r e p o r t h a s n o t
m e t i o n e d e v e n a s i n g l e wo r d o n t h i s a s p e c t .
1 0 9 8
31 BOOK COLLECTION IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES JN GUJARAT
The comparat ive growth o f co l l ec t ion o f books in the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in
Gujarat i s s tat ed in tab le -7, as under:
Table s even ind icate s that , the M. S.Univer s i ty l ibrary has
a book co l l ec t ion o f more than 3 lakh vo lumes among al l the s ix univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in
the s t ate . Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary has nera ly three lakh vo lumes , whereas the
S.P.univer s i ty l ibrary, Sauras t ra univer s i ty l ibrary and South Gujarat
univer s i ty l ibrary have a co l l ec t ion o f l e s s than 1.5 lakh s , but more than one lakh
vo lumes . Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary which was e s t ab l i shed in 1978, has le s s than
one lakh vo lumes , but more than 50,000 vo lumes . Thi s does not get any f inancial
support from the UGC,
The average add i t ion o f books per day during 1980 to 1986 fal l s between 7.01
to 19.52 vo lumes in univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in Gujarat . Thus an average add i t ion per univer s i ty
l ibrary in Gujarat would be 12.66 per day approximate ly. Thi s i s equival ent to the output of
c la s s i f i ca t ion and cata lguing work done by one per son per day as sugges t ed in the seminar on
workf low in l ibrar i e s , NewDelh i , 1966(11).
The M.S.Univer s i ty, Gujarat univer s i ty, and south Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrar ie s add
on an average more than 13 volumes per day to their co l le c t ions . Sauras t ra univer s i ty add s
on an average about 12 vo lumes perday, and
TABLE- 7_
yj -tPARIT IVE POSITION QF BOOKS IN THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN GUJARAT
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
1955 1960
1965
1979
1975 1980 1985 1987 AVERAGE ACQUISITION PER YEAR (1980-87)
AVERAGE ACQUISITION PER DAY
M.S. 44828 164806
212586 243952 275839 298152 338710 348017
7124 19.52
GUJARAT 22994 67925 123049 162162 198854 259185 291667 297080
5414 14.83
S.P.-
N. A. 45958 67184 90763 111365 133318 135803
3491 09.56
SAURASTRA
- - - 12895 48201 72250 96875 102590
4334 11.87
SOUTH GUJARAT
- - - 7500 39000 70300 100000 10400 4814 13. 19
BHAVNAGAR
- - - - - 36024 52433 53942 2559 07.01
GUJARAT STATE
AVERAGE
4622 12.66
NOTE: N.A.= NOT AVAILABLE
SB
COMPARATIVE POSITION O F BOOKS IN T HE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN GUJARAT
THE M.S.UNIVERSITY LIBRARY GUJARAT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
S.P.UNIVERSITY LIBRARY SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
----------------------1-----------------------1----------------------i-----------------------r-----------------------1-----------------------1-----------------------
r
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980
1985 1987
COo
9 \ 9 \
S.P.Univer s i ty and Bavnagar univer s i ty l ibrar i e s add 9.56 and 7.01 vo lumes perday
to thei r co l le c t ions re spect ive ly. The s tudent s enro lment has gone up during the las t
twenty f ive year s in Gujarat . Proport ionate growth in the number of
univer s i ty l ibrar i e s in the s tat e has taken place as wel l . In 1962 there were only three
univer s i t i e s and in 1987 there are ten un iver s i t i e s in Gujarat . It has kept
pace with the proport ionat e growth o f s tudent s enro lment in the s tat e . But the
co l lec t ion deve lopment o f books in the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in Gujarat has
not been increa s ing at par with the rat e o f increa s ing demand and enro lment o f the
s tudent s in the univer s i t i e s in Gujarat .
32 PERIODICAL LECTION, ^ IE WlVEftBJTY U B f l A f t )[S3 UA GUJARAT
Peroid ical s are of vi ta l use for any re search work. Thes e are the bas ic
media through which inte l l ec tual community in the world communicate s with each other
and share their f ind ings in various branches o f un iver se of knowledge. Per iod ica l s are one
of the most important too l s through which sc ient i s t s keep themselve s abreas t o f recent
deve lopment s in the world of sc ient i f i c re search . The bas ic funct ions of the univer s i ty are
teach ing and re search . Hence in al l univer s i ty and re search l ibrar i e s , where
re s earch programmes are conducted , per iod ica l s are be ing sub scr ibed to meet the need s of
the ir c l i ente le .
In recent t imes , l ibrar i e s are very much af f ec t ed by the cons tant growth o f
publ i shed l i t erature in var ious forms. In th i s age o f in format ion explo s ion
and expanding
117
in format ion environment , to under s tand the pro l i f e rat ing nature of imformat ion, i f we
examine only the l i t e rature appeared in the per iod ica l publ i cat ions , there are more than
48,000 sc i ent i f i c journal s which produce a to ta l of more than two mil l ion art ic l e s per
annum.
Keeping in view the importance o f per iod ical publ i cat ion, for
the c l i ente le o f a un iver s i ty l ibrary, how many per iodcal s the univer s i ty l ibrary has to
subscr ibe ? Princ ipal ly univer s i ty l ibrary has to subscr ibe the per iod ical s
accord ing to the need s o f the ir c l i ente le . But prac t ical ly i t depend s on many factor s . On
the bas i s o f the recommendat ians of the s t and ing conference o f nat ional and univer s i ty
l ibrar ie s , the UGC (U.K.) has sugges t ed that , "an es t ab l i shed l ibrary of 5,00,000
volumes in a univer s i ty o f 3,000 undergraduat e s , 1,000 re search s tudent s
and 500 teach ing s ta f f , should sub scr ibe to 3000 period ica l s " (12). Down's vi ews
perta in ing to per iod ical acqui s i t ion are , "a general univer s i ty l ibrary support ing graduat e
s tudy in as many as twenty f ive department s , a current l i s t of ten to twenty
thousand journal s i s the minimum for keeping abreas t of re search act iv i t i e s and
development s "(13). If one can compare the po s i t ion of subs cr ib ing current
per iod ical s in Indian univer s i ty l ibrar ie s with the above two views, India fa l l s much beh ind
in s t andard s . The UGC library Commit te e was of the opinion that , " in an un iver s i ty l ibrary
there should be an appropriate space for the d i sp lay and use of at lea s t 500 to 2000
current per iod ica l s "(14).
TABLE -13
CWARATtVE POSITION QE SUBJgCT- ISE CURRENT ^ PERIODICALS IR l i& UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN GUJARAT IN 19§7
U N I V E R S I T Y L I B R A R Y
M.S. GUJARAT S.P.SUBJECT
GENERAL IA 25
14
21
SOCIAL SCIENCES 326
449
184
HUMANITIES 30
93
27
NATURAL SCIENCES
300
284
203
NEWSPAPERS 09
05 02
GENERAL MAGAZINES
06 20
09
TOTAL 696865 446SAURASTRA SOUTH
BHAVNAGARTOTALGUJARAT
14 14 17
105
173 234 190
1556
37 63 15
265
98 119 47
1051
12 03 13
44
20 23 75
153
354 456 3573174
121
COCo
Table e igh t shows the comparat ive po s i t ion o f sub jec t wise per iod ica l s
subs cr ibed in the un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s of Gujarat .
Almost al l the un ives i ty l ibrar ie s in Gujarat are far beh ind than the UGC library
commit tee's recommendat ion, i . e . 500 to 2000 per iod ica l s . Only . two univer s i ty
l ibrar ie s in Gujarat are subs cr ib ing to more than 500 per iod ica l s . They are the
M.S.Univer s i ty and Gujarat Univer s i ty which subscr ibe in al l 696 and 865 current
per iod ical s for their l ibrar ie s . Whereas S.P.Univer s i ty, Sauras t ra Univer s i ty, South
Gujarat and Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrar ie s subs cr ibed l e s s than 500 current
per iod ical s , S.P.Univer s i ty subscr ibed 446 current per iod ical s , Sauras t ra Univer s i ty
subscr ibed 354 current per iod ica l s , South Gujarat Univer s i ty subscr ibed 456 current
per iod ical s , and Bhavnagar Univer s i ty subscr ibed 357 current per iod ica l s . Subject
wise to tal per iod ica l s subscr ibed in Gujarat univer s i t i e s are 105 in General ia , 1556
in Socia l Science s , 265 in Humanit i e s , 1051 in Natural s ce ince s and 153 popular general
nagazines . In General ia and Natural sc i ence s the M.S.Univer s i ty sub scr ibed the
h ighes t number o f per iod ical s among al l the univer s i t i e s in Gujarat , i .e . 25 and
300 re spect ive ly. Gujarat Univer s i ty subscr ibed 449 period ical s in Social
s c ience s and in Humanit i e s 93 per iod ica l s , which are the highes t in number
among al l the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in Gujarat . Surpr i s ingly Bhavnagar univer s i ty
l ibrary subscr ibed 13 newspapers and 75 popular magazine s ,which i s the highes t
among al l the un iver s i ty
TABLE-9
COMPARATIVE POSITION OF SUBJECT-WISE PERCENTAGE OF NUMBER OF PER IPDF ICALS
SUBSCRIBED IN
UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IJN GUJARAT
U N I V E R S I T Y L I B R A R Y
M.S. GUJARAT S.P. SAURASTRA SOUTH BHAVNAGAR 7. OF TOTAL
SUBJECT GUJARAT PERIODICALS
GENERALIA 3.59 1.62 4.71 3.95 3.07 4.76 3.31SOCIAL SCIENCES
46.85 51.91 41.26 48.87 51.32 53.23 49.02
HUMANITIES 4.31 10.75 6.05 10.45 13.82 4.2 8.35NATURAL SCIENCES
43.1 32.83 45.52 27.68 26.1 13. 17 33.11
NEWSPAPERS 1.29 0.58 0.45 3.39 0.65 3.64 1.39GENERAL MAGAZINES
0.86 2.31 2.02 5.65 5.04 21.00 4.82
TOTAL 100% 100% 100 /.* 100% 100% 100% 1007.
COcn
1241 2 4
librari e s in Gujarat . The huge amount spent on popular general magazine s in univer s i ty
l ibrar i e s i s mere ly a wastage when our univer s i ty l ibrar i e s are fac ing f inancial cons t raint s ,
because popular general magazine s are mainly for the recreat ional read ing. They se ldom
contain inte l l ec tual re search art ic l s e .
Table nine shows that , the total average percentage o f per iod ica l s subs cr ibed
in the univer s i ty l ibrar i e s in Gujarat in General ia i s 3.31 /. , in socia l s c ience s *
49.027. , in humanit i e s 8.357. , in natural sc i ence s 33.117., and general nagazines
4.827.. Bhavnagar univer s i ty subscr ibed h ighes t percentage of per iod ica l s
compared to other un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s in Gujarat . The percentage f igure s are
4.767. in General ia, 53.387. in soc ia l s c ience s , 3.647. newspapers , and 217.
popular general magaz ines . Sauras t ra univer s i ty sub scr ibed h ighes t percentage
of per iod ica l s in humanit ie s with 13.17% compared to o ther un iver s i ty
l ibrar i e s in Gujarat . S.P. Univer s i ty subscr ibed 45.527. in natural sc i ence per iod ica l s
compared to thei r to ta l per iod ica l subs cr ipt ion which i s the higes t when compared
with other un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s in Gujarat .
General ly, Univer s i ty l ibrar ie s acquire per iod ical s d irec t from publ i sher s ,
sub scr ipt ion agenci e s , and some t ime s for the sake o f the ir own conven ience through local
vendor. The mode of acqui s i t ion o f per iod ica l s i s based on the ind ividual exper ience s , and
hence i t i s d i f f e rnt from l ibrary to l ibrary. In Gujarat , the M.S.univer s i ty
and Gujarat
125
univer s i ty mainly subscr ibed their per iod ical s direc t form the publ i sher. Only when publ i sher s
are not accept ing direc t subs cr ipt ion, they are tak ing the help o f the sub scr ipt ion agenc ie s . The
newspaper s and popular magaz ines are subscr ibed through local vendor, because , general ly
popular magazines are found to be lo s t maximum dur ing po s tal t rans i t . The S.P.univer s i ty
l ibrary acquired their per iod ica l s through local vendor and subscr ipt ion agenci e s . Sauras t ra ,
South Gujarat , and Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrar ie s acquired their per iod ical s d irce t from the
publ i sher s and local vendor.
When asked "Do you face any problem in acquir ing per iod ica l s regular ly
in t ime?" . Only Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrar ian (Ag. l ibrar ian) repl ied NNo',
where as al l o ther univer s i ty l ibrar ians answered sYes'. The M.S. un iver s i ty o f Baroda
exper ience s problems o f delay in trans i t and delay in making payment by the univer s i ty
of f i ce . The S.P.univer s i ty l ibrary face s the problem of ir regular i ty o f
per iod ica l s supp ly. The Sauras t ra univer s i ty l ibrary and South Gujarat univer s i ty
l ibrary face s\ the problem of delay in trans i t o f fore ign per iod ica l s . Bhavnagar univer s i ty
l ibrary face s the problem of lo s s o f per iod ica l s in tran s i t . Thus the
per iod ica l i s sue s lo s t in po s tal tran s i t af fe c t the complet ion o f a
vo lume o f a per iod ical . With the re sul t univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in Gujarat exper ience gaps in
per iod ica l co l le c t ion. Another major problem in Gujarat i s delay in the payment for
per iod ica l s by their re spect ive un iver s i ty o f f i ce s , which al so creat e
problems in cont inui ty and
126
complet ion o f per iod ical vo lumes .
For maintain ing the record s of current per iod ical s the M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary
fo l lows VISADEX, Gujarat univerb s i ty and Bhavnagar un iver s i ty l ibrar ie s fo l low THREE
CARD SYSTEM, Sauras t ra and South Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrar i e s keep their record through
KARDEX, and S.P. un iver s i ty fo l lows ONE CARD sys t em.
33 SPECIAL COLLECT]-ON. IH WIVERBITY LIBRARIES Hi BUJARAT
In Gujarat , only the M.S.univer s i ty l ibrary has the spec ia l co l l ec t ion o f pro f . B.K.
Thakore , who was a renoned author and poet of hi s t ime in Gujarat i l i t erature . His wri t ings ,
manuscr ipt s and hi s per sonal co l l ec t ion have been pre s erved in the l ibrary as spec ial co l le c t ion.
Almost al l the un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s in Gujarat have nominal spec ia l co l l ec t ions (o ther
than books) l ike re f erence co l le c t ion, non-book mater ial s , maps , rare books , manuscr ipt s and
pamphlet s . They are very few in number, and do not des erve any spec ial s tudy.
REFERENCES
253 WILSON (L R) and TAUBER (M F). The univer s i ty l ibrary. Ed.2. New York ,
Columbia Univer s i ty Pres s , 1956. P 349.
254 UGC (India) , Commit te e on Univer s t iy and Col l ege l ibrar ie s (1957)
(chairmaniS.R. Ranganathan). Report . New Delh i , UGC, 1965. PP31-32.
255 Ibid , P 31-32.
256 BANERJEE iP K>. Work f low seminar o f UGC. Report .
127
In»Indian Librar ian , 14 (2) 1959. PP 80-84.
257 DUTTA (B K). "Univer s i ty l ibrar i e s of ea s t -India: some observat ions " . Ini
seminar on workf low in 1ibrar ie s -univer s i ty 1ibrar ie s ,(INSDOC)(1966).
paper U.
258 THAKORE (A V). Pract i ce of book se l ec t ion in a univer s i ty
l ibrary. In:Indian Librarian , 15(2) 1960. PP 71-75.
7. GIDWANI (N N), The Indian univer s i ty l ibrary.
In:Seminar of univer s i ty 1ibrar jans , (Jaipur)(1966).
P 8.
259 UGC (UK). Commit te e on 1ibrari e s ,(1963)(Chairman: Thomas Parry) .
Report .London, HMSO,1967. p 69.
260 TEJOMURTY (A). Studie s in academic l ibrar ian sh ip . Jaipur, Printwel l , 1987. P
49.
261 UGC (UK), OP c i t . (8). p 62.
262 SEMINAR ON WORK FLOW IN LIBRARIES (New Delh i)
(1966) Recommendat ions . In: Ias l i c Bui le t in , 12 (1) 1967. PP 46-
47.
263 UGC (UK), op ci t .(8). p 150.
264 DOWNS (Robert B). Development of re search in univer s i ty
l ibrar i e s . In:The l ibrary in the
unlver s t ly.C onnect icut , Shoes t r ing , 1967. P 63.265 UGC (India) , op c i t . (2). P 104.
CHAPTER 4
UIRARY FJl iANC S_£
266 In t r o d u c t i o n
267 Impo r t a n c e o f u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y f i n an c e
268 Sou r c e s o f l i b r a r y i n c om e
269 Al l o c a t i o n f r om un i v e r s i t y b ud g e t
270 Gr an t s f r om t h e Un i v e r s i t y G r an t s Comm i s s i o n
271 Re c u r r i n g g r an t s
272 Non - r e c u r r i n g g r a n t3
273 Adho c g r an t s
274 Endowmen t s a n d g i f t s
275 Fe e s
276 F i n e s a n d m i s c e l l a n e o u s s o u r c e s
277 F i n an c i a l r e s o u r c e s o f ind ividual u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s o f Gu j a r a t
363 . F i n an c i a l r e s o u r c e s o f t h e M .S . Un i v e r s i t y L i b r a r y
278 F i n an c i a l r e s o u r c e s o f'Gu j a r a t Un i v e r s i t y L i b r a r y
279 F i n an c i a l r e s o u r c e s o f S .P.Un i v e r s i t y L i b r a r y
280 F i n an c i a l r e s o u r c e s o f S au r a s t r a Un i v e r s i t y L i b r a r y
281 F i n an c i a l r e s o u r c e s o f S o u t h Gu j a r a t Un i v e r s i t L i b r a r y
368 F i n an c i a l r e s o u r c e s o f Bh a vn ag a r Un i v e r s i t y L i b r a r y
37 Comp a r a t i v e a n a l y s i s o f t o t a l u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i n c om e i n Gu j a r a t
L i b r a r y e x p e n d i t. u r e 41 CI a s s i f i c -
31 1o n o f I i br a r y e x pf l t f f cd -i. t ur e
1 0 1
42 Univer s i ty l ibrary -wis e expend i ture in Gujarat
282 Expenditure of the M.S . Univer s i ty Library
283 Expenditure of Gujarat Univer s i ty Library
284 Expenditure of S,P,Univer s i ty Library
285 Expenditure of Sauras t ra Univer s i ty Library
286 Expenditure of South Gujarat Univer s i ty Library
287 Expenditure of Bhavnagar Univer s i ty Library
288 Growth of univer s i ty l ibrary expendi ture in Gujarat
289 Comparat ive recurr ing expendi ture analys i s o f univer s i ty l ibrar i e s o f Gujarat
290 Univer s i ty and their l ibrary expendi ture proport ion in Gujarat
451 Gujarat univer s i ty and i t s l ibrary expendi ture propor t ions
5 Budget ing
291 Budgetory s tandard s for univer s i ty l ibrar ie s
292 Budgetory proport ions in the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s of Gujarat
293 Library budget
6 Account ing
61 Financial record s
294 Cash book
295 Ledger
296 General invo ice regi s t er
297 Monthly expendi ture regi s t er
298 Salary Bil l regi s t er
7 Audit ing
Sp Pre~audit
88 Post audi t
1 0 1301 0 130
CHAPTER 4
UtSBtBX.
PfNANCSS
1 tNTRQPUCT?ON
In the pre s ent day, out look on educat ional expend i ture
has made revo lut ionary change. The nece s s i s i ty and importance o f educat ion i s
recogni s ed as an ac t ivi ty, which has a value in i t s e l f and i s meant for sharpening the
inte l l ec tual facul ty and developing human personal i ty. Educat ion improves
the ski l l s and oapab i1i t ia s , educat ional expend i ture can be looked upon as
inves tment in human cap i ta l , to help in rai s ing the product iv i ty of ind ividual s . In
the recent t imes , educat ional f inance i s h igh ly in s t i tut ional i s ed
and a number o f in s t i tut ions have been se t up to meet the requirement s of h igher
educat ion. The whole s t ructure of a country ul t imate ly depend s upon the work and
re s earch being carr ied out in the un iver s i t i e s , and univer s i ty
l ibrar i e s se rve the required environment and in format ion service s to the scho lar s
in th ier ser ious s tudy and re search .
Finance i s the soul of an in s t i tut ion and i t s management i s l ike the heart which
cir cu late s blood to al l part s of the body, and i t i s the re spons ib i l i ty of an authori ty to se e that
the adequate f inanc ia l support should b e avai lab le for an in s t i tut ion,- Thi s i s more impor tan
t , when the in s t i tut ion render s i t s se rvice s e f f i c i ent ly and ef fe c t ive ly in promot ion of educat ion.
Librar ie s are such in s t i tut ions , which are sver growing and spend ing, once i t i s
1 0 3
e s t a b l i s h e d w i l l s t a y f o r ever. And in the age of educai tonal
imp ro v em en t th« l i b r a r y s e r v i c e s have t o c o p e u p w i t h the a c a d em i c requirement s o f the
r e a d e r s . Th i s require s t h e p e rm an e n t s o u r c e o f s u p p l y o f a d e q u a t e l i b r a r y f i n an c e ,
wh i c h c a n iTiept t h e n e e d s o f i t s reader s and proper maintenance of
1 i b r a r y i. n e v e r y r e spect .
2 IMPORTANCE Off . UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FINANCE
it i s the f\in_ance r whicb pl .a ,y s a s iaui f i . cant ro le in the f iH :f tan i£ & a t ion a n d
man ag em en t o f a l i b r a r y . L i b r a r y i s t h e spend ing in s t i tut ion. Univer s i ty
l ibrary h a s to purchas e r e a d i n g ma t e r i a l s , furni ture , a n d mainta in bui ld ing
for i t s u s e r s a n d t o make a l l avai labl e acquired read ing mater ia l s to t h o r n ,
emp l o y qual i f i ed a n d e x p e r i e n c e d s ta f f . For al l the se .* r. r a r y n e v .dr> f u n d s .
Un i v e r s i t y l i b r a r / s h o u l d be as sured o f r t r C f u l a r a n d a d e q u a t e f inance.
O t h e rw i s e , i t c a n not r e n d e r i t'« c o n t i n u i t y o f s ervi ce s .
Li i t i juat e iy univer s i ty l ibrary has to depend upon i t s funding agenci e s l ike
t h e u n i v e r s i t y a n d t h e UGC for i t s f i n a n c i a l need s to p r o v i r i e t proper l ibrary
s ervi ce s to the academic community. Car l M . White i s o f the opinion that , "Nfc ieat £
univer s i ty l ibrary comes to mind which can not po int tb &4ate f i n a n c i a l support as a corner
s tone o f i t s succe s s . The rea son i s qui t e s imple . H i gh s tandard s in wo r k o f th i s ki jnd
can n o t po s s ib ly be ach iever when funds for mainta in ing « competent * * s t a f f ,
occupied n * n <?. t iv. d y f l ow «f wo r k , are TM'roviaed b y j e r k y f i t s <and
t r I , * * * i f the l ibrary i s to r d i t s e l f ^ o f a formidable menacr + n normal *
development , t h e
1 01 0
Un i v e r s i t y w i l l b e o b l i g e d t o j o i n w i t h t h e Un i v e r s i t y G r an t s Comm i s s i o n i n
e s t a b l i s h i n g l i b r a r y f i n an c i n g o n a f o o t i n g #h»("h i n c r e a s e s d e p e n d a r t c e on
r e g u l a r ma i n t e n an c e f u n d s a n d r s f f J u c e d e p e n d en c e o n n o n= r e c u r r i n g g r an t s "
CI). Th i s o p i n i o n df? C a r l M .Wh i t e i s a p p l i c a b l e t o a l l In d i a n
un i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s a n d t o t h e un i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s v n Gu j a r a t . UGC < r(M
■* NCcmm i 1.1 ee o n l i b r a r i e s' h an e x p r e s s e d i t s v i ew s v e r y r i im i i a r b u t
i n mo r e e f f e c t i v e m an n e r , "w e h av e h a d i n m i n d •rt-roughoMt t h i s r e p o r t ,
o n t h e o n e h an d , t h a t a d e q u a t e - rovip jon f o r l i b r a r i e s i s o f
c e n t r a l impo r t a n c e t o t h e j iT i v c r f i i t i a s a n d i n d e e d t o t h e n a t i o n a l ■
s y s t em o f higher e d u c a t i o n a n d t o t h e i n t e l l e c t u a l s t a n d i n g o f t h e n a t i o n ? o n
i . n s o t h e r h i n d , t h a t l i b r a r y c o s t ? ; r e r i s i n<? s t e e p l y , a n d * that the
qu a l i t y o f p r o v i s i o n In i n d i v i d u a l i n s t i t u t i o n s a n d n a t i o n a l l y w i l l a lw ay s d e p e n d
o n t h e s k i l f u l use o f f i n a n c i a l r e s o u r c e s w h i c h l a g b e h i n d t h e d em and s m ad e o n
t h em " (2).
Un i v e r s i t y e x i s t s f o r t h e p r e s e r v a t i o n , t r a n sm i s s i o n
af.d c r e a t i o n o f k n ow l e d g e . L i b r a r y i s t h e e s s e n t i a l o n e < f o r i l l t h t h r e e f u n c t i o n' s
of the un i v e r s i t y . L o o k i n g to. its. f mc^ 1 1 or, <=,. t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p o f l i b r a r y to
un i v e r s i t y i s i hseo^ir i b le >.
3 SOURCES OF LIBRARY INCOME
L i b r a r y i s e v e r g r ow i n g an d s p e n d i n g i n s t i t u t i o n aiad i o m e e t i t s
e x p e n d i t u r e l i b r a r y mu s t h a v e s om e s o u r c e s o f i n c om e > b e c a u s e i n c om e i s
t h e b a s i c n e e d f o r t h e o p e r a t i o n
of l i b r a r y s e r v i c e s . Un i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y r e c e i v e s i t s f u n d s in
1 0 5
various proport ion from the fo l lowing source s .'
(a,} grant s a l locat i ed from the univer s i ty b ud at , tu) grant s , from ^ t h e
UGC, '.* c J e i i d owme n t s , a n d gi f t s , Ui },* fe e s , and «
( e ) i i o f i t -and mis ce l laneous source s l ike sa le Qf. Publ i cat ions , waste -*
paper, charges for reprograph ic
s e r v i c e s a n d . t r a n s l a t i o n s s e r v i c e s e t c .
From above al l source s o f l ibrary income, major source s are grant s from univer s i ty
al locat ion and grant s from the UGC . Where as l ibrary fee s co l le c t ed by the univer s i ty d i r e c t l y
and f ine s and misce l laneous income are in very smal l , proport ions . Similar ly, l ibrary may get
funds from any endowment which i s not certain nor as cer ta inab l e . It depend s upon the
po l icy o f the endowm«Sf .*
31 ALLOCATION FROM UNIVERSITY BUDGET
The univer s i ty l ibrary i s the heart o f univer s i ty , a n d hence i t i s the pr ime source
o f f inancial support to un iver s i ty l ibrary. Univer s i ty gives the f inancial support to t h e
univer s i ty l ibrary out of i t s own budget . The funds from the univer s i ty budget are an
important source of income to the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s . General ly, a l locat ions o f u n i v e r s i t y
f u n d s may b e made direc t ly t o the l ibrary. However d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d o f cr i s i s o f t h e f u n d s
i n an y univer s i ty in any c o r n e r o f t h e wo r l d , i t i s t h e l ibrary which i s the prime
1 0 1341 0 134
af fe c t ed for i t s income, and in a per iod of general abundance univer s i ty l ibrar i e s may f lour i sh ,
but when i t becomes nece s sary to se l ec t between the maintenance of an adequat e l ibrary and the
pur su i t o f spec ial intere s t s , then there are very f ew who wil l be ready to sacr i f i c e the ir spec ia l
intere s t s in order to an 1 low the maintenance o f l ibrary.
Univer s i ty i s s imilar ly, spend ing in s t i tut ion. Ult imate ly i t a l so depend s
on var ious source s of income. It i s al so improtant to know the various source s o f
univer s i ty income. Fol lowing are the important source s of income to un i ver s i t
y.
299 grant s f rom sta te government and the UGC;
300 donat ions ;
301 tut ion fee s ;
302 examinat ion fee s ;
303 f e e s f rom hoste l inmate s ;
304 income from land, bui ld ing and other s?
305 s al e s of unuvers i ty publ icat ions;
306 univer s i ty works d ipartment s ;
( i) in tere s t on the depo s i t s? and
(. j) misce l laneous .
Agains t the source s o f income to univer s i ty, fo l lowing are the
major head s o f univer s i ty expend i ture :
ta) admini s t rat ion;
(b) academic department s ;
135
( . c) examinat ions ;
Cd) l ibrary;
307 s tudent fac i l i t i e s ;
308 f e l lowsh ip s and scho lar sh ips ;
eg) hos t e l s ;
(h) publ i cat ions ;
( i) univer s i ty aux i l iary service s ; and
(j) misc e l laneous .
The univer s i ty rece ive s spec ial grant s from the s t ate government and the
UGC for var ious purpo se s of the l ibrary, such as bui ld ing, furni ture , equipment , purchas e
of read ing mater ial s and to meet e s tbal i shment expense s . As univer s i ty i s the parent body
of each univer s i ty l ibrary, al l funds for l ibrary are rece ived by the univer s i ty.
The f inancia l support given by the univer s i ty out of i t s own budget a l locat ion i s
mainly o f two types (1) recurr ing, and (2) non-recurr ing . The recurr in grant s are general ly
given for the purchase o f read ing mater ia l s , s t af f sa lar ie s , maintenance of regular l ibrary
service s and for ant ic ipat ed cont igent expend i ture .Non recurr ing grant s are al located for spec i f i c
purpo se e .g . cons truct ion o f l ibrary bui ld ing, purchas e of furni ture and equipment and some
t imes for spec ial co l l ec t ions in univer s i ty l ibrar ie s .
ALLOCATION TO UNIVERSITY LIBHAK i tS OUT Of- UNIVERSITY BUDGET (in
rupees)
UNIVERSITYI PLANII PLAN III PLAN ANNUALIV PLAN V FLAN ANNUAL VI PLAN VII PLANLIBRARY(1951 -56) ( i ?56 -6 l ) ( 1961 -66) PLANS ( 1969 -74 ) ( 1974 -78) PLANS ( 1980-85 ) ( 1985 -90)(1966 -69 )(1978-80 )
(UP TO 31 .3 .88 . )
M .S .
UNIV.
166751
GUJARAT
UNIV.
378437
S .P. UNIV.
SAURASHT
RA UNIV.
SOUTH
GUJ .
UNIV.
BHAVNAG
AR UNIV.
5
5
9
5
5
1
7
0
2
6
6
0
1
9
2
2
2
Q
7
2
7
6
2
7
1
6
0
2
3
3
5
6
7
9
3
5
6
5
91
0
7
5
14
3
7
3
8
5
4
5
0
7
7
4
29
10
81
11
16
37
63
48
21
22
91
84
3
49
91
56
61
29
26
12
87
19
11
20
49
3
2
6
6
8
2
3
2
12
11
61
8
4
4 i
19
7
11
3
4
01
7
12
7
8
4
2
4
16
7
3
3
1
5
9
0
9
9
9
7
4
1
7
1
2
9
6
9
6
9
8
6
2
4
5
9
7
0
45249
66
42446
79
817338
5
475821
3
47944
22
314864
3
25983
06
22502
39
295
400
4
235
941
4
TOTAL
13
84
83
87
23
70
58
05
11
S6
61
94
66
10
87
8
90
29
21
8
46
23
47
2
TOTAL
545188 1454439
3009318 2881952 4167465
65955
57
5221821
25404497 20
40038
55
20180
4 2371 7 6 9 703954
1
Table ten shows the al locat ion of grant s from univer s i ty budget to their
re spect ive l ibrar ie s in Gujarat during the plan per iod . It shows that univer s i ty al locat ions
to l ibrar i e s are cont inuous ly increa s ing except dur ing the annual plans and seventh plan as
i t i s yet to f in i sh and f igure s taken upto 31st March 1988.
Table al so re f l ec t s that more s en ior univer s i ty l ibrar i e s such as the
M.S. univer s i ty and Gujarat Univer s i ty are ab le to get h igher amount to grant s from
their re spect ive univer s i t i e s . However South Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary got
proport ional ly h igher amount of grant f rom i t s un iver s i ty from i t s own budget
compared to i t s sen ior l ibrar ie s l ike Sauras t ra, and S.P. univer s i ty l ibrar ie s
in the s t ate . As Bhavnagar univer s i ty i s not in the pervi ew of the UGC, i t s l ibrary
so le ly depend s upon the univer s i ty budget a l locat ion. General sen iori ty provides f inanc ia l
s t ab i l i ty to grant more. Because the sen ior and wel l e s t ab l i shed l ibrar ie s may have
h igher requirement s and to fu l f i l l i t the ir un ives i t i e s have to provide them
more f inancial support than the junior univer s i t i e s . Librar ie s may al so
have wide and vari ed requirement s because they have to give good s tart to their
s ervi ce s .
It i s the re spons ib i l i ty o f the univer s i ty to mainta in i t s l ibrary, hence the
al locat ion from it s own budget to l ibrary has h igh importance . Univer s i ty i s the las t
1 1 1 1
resort o f the l ibrary and l ibrary has to depend on univer s i ty budget al locat ion for al l t ime s
and for al l i t s requirement s .
32 GRANTS FRQM T±£ UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION
T h e Univer s i ty G r an t s Comm i s s i o n i s t h e s e c o n d ma j o r s o u r c e o f i n c om e t o
t h e un i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y . S i n c e the I n c e p t i o n o f t h e UGC , i t h a s b e e n g i v i n g
s u b s t a n t i a l g r a n t s t o t h e u n i v e r s i t y l ibrar i e s i n o r d e r t o m a k e t h e m 3MAr■ - fmki f£
fMHen t . UGC g r an t s are f o r t h e spec i f i c p l a n per iod . Wh e r e as s t a t e government s are
mainly non-plan grant s . The UGC grant s are o f three type s i
309 recurr ing
310 non-recurr ing
311 adhoc grant s
321 RECURRING GRANTS
The UGC give s recurr ing grant s d irec t ly to the l ibrary mainly for the purchas e
o f read ing mater ia l s . By 31st March 198B the UGC gave about Rs, 4,04,94,600 as
recurr ing grant t o the un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s o f Gujarat . Plan wise and l ibrary wis e detai l s o f
UGC recurr ing grant s in Gujarat are given in tabl e e l even.
TABLE-11
RECURRING GRANTS TO UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN GUJARAT BY THE U.G.C. DURING PLAN PERIOD (in Rupee s)
UNIVERSITY I PLAN II PLAN III PLAN ANNUAL IV PLAN V PLAN ANNUAL VI PLAN VII PLAN : TOTALLIBRARY (1951-56) (1956-61) (1961-66) PLANS (1969-74) (1974-78) PLANS (1980-85) (1985-90)
(1966-69) (1978-80) (UP TO 31.3.88)
M.S. UNIV. 100000 523600 365886 305821 1558107 1680741
1467637
5287450
3448799
14738041
GUJARAT UNIV. 110000
470000 427000 635430 926149 1250000
1546733
2600000
2300000 10265312
S.P. UNIV. 310000 350000 267019 865378 880986 574501 1433220
1344500 6025604
SAURASHTRA UNIV. - - - - 631878 573169
364552
1134500 978230 3682329
SOUTH GUJ. UNIV. - -
-- 828094
1070000
228094
2557126 1100000 5783314
BHAVNAGAR UNIV. - - - - - - - - -TOTAL 210000 1303600 1142886 120827
0480960
6545489
6418151
7130122
969169529 4049460
0
1421 4 2
The table e l even re f l e c t s that the UGCs recurr ing grant s to the S.P.
Univer s i ty l ibrary and South Gujrat Univer s i ty l ibrary are per s i s t ent ly and s t eep ly
increa s ing from plan to plan per iod . However, dur ing the th ird plan both the sen ior
univer s i ty l ibrar i e s of the s t ate got l e s s grant compared to second plan. Thay are the
M.S. Univer s i ty l ibrary and Gujrat Univer s i ty l ibrary. Similar ly Saurash tra Univer s i ty
l ibrary al so got le s s UGCs recurr ing grant s dur ing the f i f th plan compared to the fourth
plan . Bhavnagar univer s i ty i s not in the pervi ew of the UGC t i l l 31st March
1988, hence they are not get t ing any f inancial as s i s tance
from the UGC.
Table e leven shows that the UGC sanct ioned the recurr ing grant s
so far s ince the e s tabl i shment o f the M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary to the tune of about
Rs.1 ,47,38,041, Rs.I,02,65,312 to Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary, Rs.60,25,604 to S.P.
Univer s i ty l ibrary , Rs.57,83 314 to South Gujarat Univer s i ty Library, ^
Rs.36,82,329 to Saurash tra Univer s i ty Library. The UGCs to tal recurr ing grant given
to univer s i ty l ibrar i e s of Gujarat during plan per iod so far i s about Rs. 4,04,94,600.
The plan wise break up o f the UGCs recurr ing grant s i s Rs. 2,10,000 dur ing f ir s t plan ,
Rs.13,03,600 dur ing second plan , Rs.11,42,866 during third plan,
Rs.12,08,270 dur ing annual plans (1966-1969), Rs.48,09,606 during fourth plan,
Rs.54,54,896 during f i f th plan , Rs.41,81,517 during
143
annual plan s (1979-1980) Rs.1 ,30,12,296 during s ix th plan , and R s .91,69,529 during
seventh plan upto 31st March 1988. This plan wis e recurr ing grant except th ird plan i s i
ncr eas i ng.
322 NON-RECURRING GRANTS
Non recurr ing grant s are al so given to the univer s i ty
l i b r a r i e s b y the UGC for spec i f i c purpo se s . e .g .
c o n s t r u c t i o n o f l i b r a r y bui ld ing an d i t s exten s ion, purchase o f f u r n i t u r e a n d equipment s ,
i n vo l v i n g modernizat ion in the l i b r a r y o p e r a t i o n , a n d s om e t imes for bui ld ing spec ial
c o l l e c t i o n s i n t h e univer s i ty l i b r a r i e s .
The UGC has helped almost a l l the un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s in India for cons truct ion
of the i r bui ld ings b y provid ing tw o th ird of the approved co s t o f the l i b r a r y guid ing. And
for the remaining one th ird co s t o f l ibrary bui ld ing unives i ty h a s to manage their own
mean s , i . e . e i t h e r frgm their own budget , s tat e government or accept d o n a t i o n , e v e n
t h o ug h somet ime UGC give s hundred percent grant s f o r t h e cons turct ion o f l ibrary
bui ld ings . Up to 31st March 1988 UGC h a s sanct ioned Rs. 48,69,170 as non-recurr ing
grant s for the univer s i ty l ibrar i e s of Gujarat .
The fo l lowing tab le twelve gives the plan-wise a l locat ion o f UGCs non-recurr ing
grant s to univer s i ty l ibrar ie s of Gujarat .
TABLE-12
NON RECURRIN6 GRANTS TO UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN GUJARAT BY THE U.6.C. DURING PLAN PERIOD (in Rs.)
UNIVERSITY I PLAN II PLAN III PLAN ANNUAL IV PLAN V PLAN ANNUAL VI PLAN VII PLAN TOTALLIBRARY (1951-56) (1956-61) (1961-66) PLANS (1969-74) (1974-78) PLANS (1980-85) (1985-1990)
(1966-69) i1978-80) (UP TO 31.3.88)
M.S. UNIV.
GUJARAT
UNIV. S.P.
UNIV.
SAURASHTRA
UNIV. SOUTH
GUJARAT
UNIV.
BHAVNAGAR
UNIV.
905463 70000
799700
516131
345000
100000
100000
562500
500
00
500
00
400
00
430
376
1000
00
1000
00
1000
00
1000
00
1000
00
400000
1125463 1096507 1139700 445000 1062500
TOTAL
905463 869700 516131 345000 762500 140000 730376
600000
4869170
1 1
5
The above table twelve give s the deta i l s of UGCs non recurr ing grant s to
univer s i ty l ibrar i e s of Gujarat during plan per iod . Table re f l ec t s that non recurr ing
grant s do not occur in every plan and for every l ibrar i e s . There was no sanct ion
of non-recurr ing grant by the UGC dur ing f ir s t plan to any univer s i ty l ibrary in
Gujarat . UGC sanct ioned h ighes t amount of non recurr ing grant only during s econd
plan about Rs.9,05,463, Rs. 8,96,700 during th ird plan, Rs. 7,62,500
during f i f th plan, Rs. 7,60,676 during s ix th plan, Rs. 6,00,000
during seventh plan up to 31st March 1988, Rs. 5 ,61,131 during
annual plans (1978-1980). Up to 31st March 1988 the M.S.Univer s i ty l ibrary
rece ived non recurr ing grant s o f Rs. 11 , 25, 463,Gujarat un iver s i ty rece ived Re.
10,96,507, S.P.Univer s i ty rece ived Rs.11,39, 700, Sauras t ra Univer s i ty rece ived
Rs.4,45,000, and South Gujarat univer s i ty rece ived Rs.10,62,500, Only
Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary has not rece ived any amount t i l l 31st March
1988 nor they have thei r own l ibrary bui ld ing so far.
323 ADHOC GRANTS
t a£ t h e rccommedat ions of the vi s i t ing commit te e o f the HJGC, a d h o c
deve lopment grant s are provided for t h e spec ial purhase s o f the univer s i ty l ibrar i e s . Adhoc
grant s are not r e g u l a r feature o f the UGC grant s . Adhoc grant s a r e extwfled t o
univer s i ty l ibrar ie s as and when UGC fe l t
TABLE-13TABLE-13
ADHOC GRANTS GIVEN BY THE U.6.C. TO UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN GUJAR
TABLE-13
AT
UNIVERSITY IV PLAN V PLAN ANNUAL VI PLANVII PLAN TOTALLIBRARY
(1969-74) (1974-78) PLANS (1980-85) (1985-1990)
(1978-80)(UP TO 31.3.88)
H
.
S
.
U
N
I
V
.
2
5
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
G
UJ
A
R
A
T
U
N
I
V.
2
0
TABLE-13TABLE-13
0
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
0
0
S
.
P
.
U
N
I
V
.
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
0
0
S
A
U
R
A
S
H
T
R
A
U
N
I
V.
15
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
TABLE-13
0
SOUTH GUJARAT
100000
200000UNIVERSITY
BHAVNAGAR UNIV. -500
000
1000000
2250000
2
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
16
5
0
0
0
TABLE-13TABLE-13
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
1
4
5
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
11
5
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
0
0
TABLE-13
0 0
TOTAL900000 1400000
20000003300000 7600000
1 1 1 5 2
neces sary rtut - UGC has s t art ed to give adhoc grant s from fourth plan. In Gujarat , except
Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary almost al l have rece ived adhoc grant s dur ing fourth plan , f i f th
plan, s ix th -plan and seventh plan. Thes e adhoc grant s are sanct ioned for very spec i f i c purpo se
what ever i t may be . In Gujarat , a lmost al l univer s i ty l ibrar i e s rece ived adhoc grant s for
co l le c t ion deve lopment . Table thir t een provides the deta i l s o f adhoc grant to each univer s i ty
l ibrary dur ing plan per iod in Gujarat .
Table th ir t een shows that the M.S.univer s i ty l ibrary got the highes t
adhoc grant o f Rs.22,50,000, Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary got Rs.16,50,000.
9.P.univer s i ty l ibrary got Rs. 14,50,000, Sauras t ra univer s i ty l ibrary
got Rs.11,50,000, and South Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary got Rs.11,00,000.
Thus during ent ir e plan per iod upto 31st March 1988, the UGC gave an adhoc grant
o f about Rs.76,00,000 to f ive univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in Gujarat . UGC gave
Rs.9,00,000 during fourth plan, Rs.14,00,000 during f i f th plan
Rs.20,00,000 during s ix th plan , and Rs.33,00,000 dur ing seventh plan
upto 31st March 1988 as an adhoc grant to the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s of Gujarat .
33 ENDOWMENTS AND SIFTS
Endowment funds may come. from a var ie ty o f source s out s ide the univer s i ty, and
may be general and unres t r ic t ed . l ;nen the endowment happens to be o f a general nature , - ,
only
1 1
current i n c om e o u t o f i t may be u s e d f o r d i f f e rent p u r po s e s , i n c l u d i n g l i b r a r y
d e v e l o pm en t . I f the endowment i s s p e c i a l l y i-or l i b r a r y p u r p o s e s t h e n s u c h f u n d s are
more use ful b e c a u s e u s u a l l y t h e r e i s n o t ime l imit at tached to the withdrawal and af suc i^
funds . Such funds are usual ly depo s i t ed with the univer s i ty treasure s and the l ibrar ian i s
of t en able to draw upon them more fr ee ly than government or univer s i ty budget funds and
he i s al so not re s t i c t ed by t ime l imitat ions . Librarian has to spend budgeted univer s i ty or
UGC grant s usual ly with in the budget per iod l imit , o therwis e funds are 1a p s e d .
i t p d owmen t a n d g i f t ^ fund s r e q u i r e spec ial r e c o r d s - k e e p i n g an d r e p o r t i n g ,
i n o r d e r t o c o n t r o l expend i ture s and -Lg e n s u r e t h a t the funds are being used for the
p u r po s e s d e s i g n a t e d b y thair donors .
Tryaj f i . are two main draw backs to endowment s . ^ F i r s t s . ^ t h e d e c r e a s e in
the purchas ing power caused by in f la t ion, f j i e . , . s e cond i s that endowment s ac t as an excuse
for t h e univer s i ty admini s t rat ion to fa i l to provide add i t ional funds f r om other s o u r c e s . "It
happens that the endowed l ibrar ie s a r £ often l e s s adequat e ly supported than tho se which
depend upon appropr iat ions from current inco«eH3k
Gif t s are a l so not without prbl ems. For a l l the ir intere s t a n d genero s i ty, l ibrary donors
can be someth ing of a p r o b l em . Th e y general ly at tach great value t o their gi f t s and
fvaquent ly f e e l t h a t the ir benefactor s dese rve separat e a n d
1 1
di s t inct ive t rw a t f f . ent , t h o ug h t h « y a r e of very l i t t l e s igni f i cance to the l ibrary. This
invo lves a lo t of hard sh ips as " the pr ic e of cul t ivat ing l ibrary donors i s devot ing many h o u r s
o f add i t ional work to d irec t ing their e f fort s toward s des irab le goal s s ecuring their
unders t and ing o f the l ibrary's po l i cy. On gi f t s , and frequent ly saying sno' when a proposed
g i f t i s obvious ly misd irec t ed or of no value to the I ibrary " (4).
In India, there are very few endowment s and i t can not cons idered a s a primary
source o f income, al though some univer s i t i e s in the country have been benef i t t ed by the
endowment g,g a.« t s , l ike Ford Foundat ion, Rockefe l l e r Foundat ion and PL 480 fund .*
Unfortunate ly, in Gujarat no univer s i ty l ibrar ie s have been bene f i t t ed so far nor any such
spec ial endowment ex i s t s in Gujarat for un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s .
34 FE-ES
General ly, the univer s i t i e s co l le c t s l ibrary fee s a long with tut ion fee s
from their s tudent s for making use o f the un iver s i ty l ibrary. Research scbx i iar s o f the
univer s i ty are al so charged for the litireLry s ervic e s . Library f ee s are co l le c t ed
by the univer s i ty o f f i ce and general ly i t i s depo s i t ed in the univer s i ty account .
It i s a mat t er o f doubt that the amount which univer s i ty co l le c t s for making use of
l ibrary service s from the enro l led s tudent s , whole i s a l locat ed to the
l ibrary purpo se s . But , i f the income i s direc t ed by the univer s i ty direc t ly to l ibrary
funds apart
155
f r o m univer s i ty al locat ion, i t might be help fu l to the univer s i ty
l ibrary. The amount o f l ibrary fe e s i s very smal l and can hard ly be cons iderd as an
adequate source of income for univer s i ty l ibrary. Gel fand * i s total ly again s t
the l ibrary f ee s and shows hi s undes i r ab i 1 i t y by s ta t ing, " -Thi s • i s h igh ly *
unde s irab le way to f inance l ibrary service s , the univer s i ty should provide
l ibrary service fr ee o f charge, jus t as i t provides lec ture rooms , laboratori e s and
other fac i l i t i e s . Moreover, the income from the f e e s can only pay for a v e r y
smal l part of the total operat ing co s t s , of l ibrary. I t i s bes t to
re ly upon the regular univer s i ty budget f o r fu l l support o f the 1 ibr ar y " <?
Sf) . Since the l ibrary per forms def in i t e funct ions which are e s s ent ial
to the maintenance of the univer s i ty, i t T .hould not depend upon fee s f o r support but
should b e supported , l ike o ther part s o f the univer s i ty, b y appropriat ions f r om
the in s t i tut ion's to ta l income. Sypher al so expre s s ed hi s vi ews by s t at ing, *
"In short , the current tendency to l evy f ee s could se em to bui ld tar i f f wal l s about
the major re s earch l ibrar i e s and create a monopoly on re s earch mater ia l s for tho se
who are al ready af f i l ia t ed with re s earch . At the movement there are few
e n o ug h inducement s to enter e i ther s cho lorsh ip or teach ing. On e of thes e
inducement s has trad i t ional ly been freedom of acce s s t o books . A pol i cy o f fe e s could
help c lo s e career s t o t a l e n t s , e spec ia l ly the y-ouf taer talent^ 1 Lb) .
General ly, univer s i ty l ibrar ie s a sk to pay the co s t of po s tage for
inter- l ibrary l o an fac i l i t i e s to i t s
156
c l i e n t e l e . A l t h o ug h th i s a a . o un t o f po s tage charges a r e v e r y l ow it e f f ec t s a l o t to l ibrary
s e r v i c e s i n g e n e r a l a n d i n p a r t i c u l a r t o i t s us er s which some t ime s d i s c o u r g e s t h e s tudent
for the reque s t for the loan.
I n Gujarat , univer s i t i e s co l l ec t l ibrary f ee s with o ther f ee s from student s and
re search scho lar s . Thi s l ibrary f e e s along with the o ther f ee s remain s with the un iver s i ty and
n o t actual ly given to the l ibrary nor shown in the l ibrary budget a s the income of the l ibrary
s eparate ly. After care ful search o f the var ious f inanc ia l record s of the univer s i t i e s of Gujarat ,
las t t en year s f igure s o f l ibrary f e e s have been found out which are shown in tab le
fourt een.
Table fourteen shows that the M.S.univer s i ty earn s t h e hige s t income from
l ibrary fe e s b e c a u s e i t i s re s ident ia l un iver s i ty a n d impar l s t each ing r ight f rom
undergraduat e l e v e l to re search and hence, thei r s tudent enro lment i s a lw ay s
h igher compared to other univer s i t i e s of the s t ate . Where a s o ther univer s i t i e s of the
s t ate impart only po s t g r a d u a t e teahcing and re s earch . Thus M.S. univer s i ty rece ived
a b o u t Rs.8,50,355 as l ibrary f ee s dur ing 1979 to 1988. Gu j a r a t
univer s i ty co l l ec t ed l ibrary fee s o f about R s . 1 ,59,693 during same
per iod , South Gujarat univer s i ty co l le c t ed R s . 1 ,23,110 as l ibrary fe e s ,
and Bhavnagar un iver s i ty co l le c t ed . Rs.36,552 as l ibrary fee s . However
S .P.univer s i ty and Sauras t ra univer s i ty have not shown l ibrary f e e s
s eparate ly in their any f inanc ia l record s ,
T
LIBRARY FEES COLLECTED BY THE UNIVERSITIES IN GU
158
JARAT
UNIVERSITY
M.S. UNIVERSITY GUJARAT
UNIVERSITY S.P. UNIVERSITY
SAURASTRA UNIVERSITY SOUTH
GUJARAT UNIVERSITY
BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY
850355
159693
N.A.
N.A.
123110
036552
N.A.= DATA NOT AVAILABLE
al though they charge l ibrary fe e s from the s tudent s . 35 FINES AND
MISCELLANEOUS SOURCES
F i n e s are n o t cons idered a s the f inanc ia l source s o f univer s i ty l ibrary. Because
f ine s are general ly charged o n the l a t e or over due return of books or again s t damage and
lo i i s o f book.6. Th e y a r e n o t meant for the purpo se and their p r im a r y aim i s to educat e the
user about the importance of read ing mater ial s they have borrowed from the l ibrary should b e
returned to l ibrary in t ime and not to damage i t or lo s s i t during their po s se s s ion. Library
rece ived a very smal l p o r t i o n o f income o n l y from f ines , and i t i s a l so doubt fu l wheather i t
actual ly meet s the expend i ture o f the l ibrary because l ibrary has to pay extra manpower hours
t o wri t e not i ce s to i t s us er s and maintain record s and so on.
Library's mis ce l laneous source s o f income are the s a l e o f l ibrary
publ i cat ions , waste papers , charge s for l ibrary se rvice s l ike reprograph ic
s ervi ce s , t rans lat ion service s etc . General ly these se rvi ce s are rendered by the
univer s i ty l ibrar i e s on a no-pro f i t bas i s . However, in Gujarat , not
a s ingl e univer s i ty l ibrary provide s t ran s lat ion servi ce s to their user s ,
with the re sul t no income i s ar i s ing out o f such se rvi ce s . Only reprograph ic s e r v i c e s
are provided by univer s i ty l ibrar i e s to their c l i e n t e l e . Th e amount i s
co l le c t ed at l ibrary counter by way o f l i b r a r y f ine s and other mis ce l laneous income
i s depo s i t ed .m t h e re spect ive univer s i ty o f f i c e at a la ter date . The
162
TABLE-15
F
ULS
HGSSSB
t abl e f i f t een shows the income o f the univer s i ty l ibrar i e s in Gujarat by way o f f ine s and
mis ce l laneous income for the la s t t en years .
Table f i f t een shows that the Gujarat un iver s i ty l ibrary has co l le c t ed the h ighes t amount as
f ine s and misce l laneous source s o f Rs.2,25,260 during 1979 to 1988. The M.S.univer s i ty
l ibrary co l l ec t s Rs.1 ,56,493. Sauras t ra un iver s i ty l ibrary comes third with Rs.91,583, South
Gujarat uin iver s i ty l ibrry s tand s fourth with Rs.74,262, S.P.univer s i ty l ibrary comes f i f th
with Rs.16,718 and Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary s tand s s ix th and las t with Rs. 10,152 as
f ine s and misce l laneous income. 36 FINANCIAL RESOURCES QF_ INPI VHrVftt .
UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES OF GUJARAT
While making s tudy o f univer s i ty l ibrary f inances i t i s al so necce s sary to make
ind ividual s tudy of re source s o f l ibrar ie s o f Gujarat . In Gujarat , al l univer s i t i e s co l le c t
l ibrary fee s along with the other fee s from s tudent s , but l ibrary fee s are not shown in
the l ibrary budget . Similar ly, un iver s i ty l ibrar ie s co l l ec t other misce l laneous income,
which they have to depo s i t with thei r re spect ive un iver s i ty of f i ce at a late r date . Hence
such incomes are not shown in the re source s o f each univrs i ty l ibrary. The
fo l lowing sec t ions give the plan -wise and var ious source s wis e re source s o f
each univer s i ty.
1641 6 4
361 FINANCIAL RESOURSES OF THE H. S.UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
The M.S.univer s i ty o f Baroda was founded in 1949 and the univer s i ty
l ibrary was e s tabl i shed in the very next year. Thi s univer s i ty l ibrary i s the oldes t in
Gujarat . The tabl e s ix t een shows the f inancia l re source s o f the univer s i ty l ibrary dur ing
the ent ir e plan per iod .
The perusa l of tab le s ix t een make s i t c lear that except in th ird plan
and annual plan s to ta l re source s o f the l ibrary are cont inuous ly increa s ing dur ing plan per iod .
While comparing f ir s t plan to tal income Rs.2,66,751 to the highes t to tal income
during s ix th plan Rs.1 ,03,12,416, i t re f l ec t s that the M.S.univer s i ty l ibrary's income
increa sed more than 38 t imes during la s t th ir ty f ive years , and in percentage i t has
increa sed by 3865.9 percent during same per iod . During ent ire plan per iod
(upto 31.3.1988), the UGC alone contr ibuted Rs. 1,81,13,504 out o f the
to ta l re source s o f Rs.3,19,61,891 and univer s i ty al locat ed from their own budget
Rs.1 ,38,48,387. Thus the UGC"s contr ibut ion comes to about 56.7 percent and
remaning 43.3 percent i s f inanced by way of al locat ion from the univer s i ty budget .
The univer s i ty al so get s grant s f rom the s t ate government , i t takes fee s from the
s tudent s toward s l ibrary s ervi ce and i t a l so co l lec t s f ine s for books demaged , lo s t or returned
late , and i t make s al locat ion to the l ibrary every year. The fee s and f ine s income does not
come to the l ibrary
TABLE-16
FINANCIAL RESOURCES OF THE M.S. UNIVERSITY LIBRARTY (STARTED IN 1950)
(in rupee s )
HEADS 1 PLAN(1951-56)
II PLAN (1956-61)
III PLAN (1961-66)
ANNUAL PLANS (1966-69)
IV PLAN (1969-74)
V PLAN (1974-78)
ANNUAL PLANS (1978-60)
VI PLAN (1980-85)
VII PLAN (1985-1990) (UP TO 31.3.88)
TOTAL
UNIVERSITY ALLOCATION
166711
559551
727627
591075
634821
1120493
1278424
4524966
4244679 13848387
UGC RECURRIN6
100000
523600
365806
305821
1558107
1680741
1467637
5287450
3448799 14738041
UGC NON-RECURRING
905463 70000 - -
100000
50000 - -
1125463
UGC ADHOC - - - -
250000
500000 - 500000 1000000
2250000
USC TOTAL 100000
1429063
435886
305821
1808107
2280741
1517637
5787450
4448799 18113504
GRAND TOTAL
266751
1788614
1163513
896896
2442928
3401234
2796061
10312416
8693478 31961891
1 2 5 1 2 5
but depo s i t ed with the univer s i ty.
The M.S.univer s i ty l ibrary does not get any income in the form of gi f t s or
endowment s . Hence the concerned co lumn has not been incoproated in the tabl e . Thus the two
major source s o f income for the M.S.univer s i ty l ibrary are the UGC and univer s i ty al locat ions .
362 FINANCIAL RESOURCES QF_ GUJAflAT WIVER3ITY kl f iBABI
The Gujarat univer s i ty and i t s l ibrary were e sab l i shed in 1950. This i s the s econd
oldes t univer s i ty o f Gujarat . The f inanc ia l re source s of Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary are shown in
the table seventeen.
Table seventeen re f l e c t s that the Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary draws i t s
re source s mainly f rom the univer s i ty al locat ion. It means un iver s i ty al locat ion i s
higher than the UGCs contr ibut ion. During ent i re plan per iod to tal univer s i ty
l ibrary income upto 31st March 1988 i s Rs.3,67,17,624 out of
which Rs.2,37,05,805 were al locat ed from the univer s i ty budget and Rs.1 ,30,11,819
contr ibuted by the UGC. Thus 64.4 percent of the total income was al locat ed from the
univer s i ty budget and 35.4 percent contr ibut ed by UGC. While making compar i son
of to ta l income during f ir s t plan Rs.4,88,437 to s ix th plan total income
Rs.1 ,14,03,761, which re l f ec t s that the Gujarat un iver s i ty l ibrary's income increa sed
during la s t th ir ty f ive years more than 23 t imes and in percentage i t has inceas ed by
2334.7 percent dur ing same per iod . Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary i s not get t ing any
f inancial as s i s tance from any endowment or gi f t s , hence i t i s
TABLE-17
FINANCIAL RESOURCES OF THE GUJARAT UNIVERSITY LIBRARTY (STARTED IN 1950)
HEADS I PLAN (1951-56)
II PLAN (1956-1)*
III PLAN(1961-66)
ANNUAL PLANS (1966-69)
IV PLAN (1969-74)
V PLAN (1974-78)
ANNUAL PLANS (1978-80)
VI PLAN (1980-85)
VI I PLAN (1985-1990) (UP TO 31.3.88)
TOTAL
UNIVERSITY ALLOCATION
378437
702660
1602335
1437385
2291843
2688232
1673315
8173385
4758213 23705805
UGC RECURRING
110000
470000
427000
635430
926149
1250000
1546733
2600000
2300000
10265312
UGC NON-RECURRING - - -
516131 - -■
50000 430376 100000
1096507
UGC ADHOC
- - - -20000
0250000
- 200000 10000001650000
UGC TOTAL 110000
470000
427000
1151561
1126149
1500000
1596733
3230376
3400000 13011819
GRAND TOTAL
488437
1172660
2029335
2588943
3417992
4188232
3270048
11403761
8158213 36717624
1681 6 8
not shown in the table .
363 FINANCIAL RESOURCES QE. S,P,UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
The S.P.univer s i ty was e s t ab l i shed in 1955 and i t s l ibrary came into exi s t ence in
1957. The f inanc ia l re source s of S.P.univer s i ty l ibrary are shown in the tab le e igh teen.
The table e igh teen shows that the S.P.univer s i ty l ibrary draws i t s re source s mainly
from univer s i ty al locat ion. It mean s un iver s i ty al locat ion i s h igher than the UGCs
contr ibut ion. S.P. univer s i ty l ibrary has not rece ived any f inancia l help from any endowment
or gi f t s , hence in tab le 18 such co lumn i s not incorporat ed .
During ent i re plan per iod S.P.univer s i ty l ibrary's total income upto
31st March 1988 i s Rs.2,05,01,498 out o f which Rs.1 ,18,86,194 i s a l locat ion from the
univer s i ty budget which include s s ta te government grant s , l ibrary f ee s , f ine s and
misce l laneous income of the l ibrary and univer s i ty share and Rs.86,15,304 i s
contr ibuted by UGC. While making compari son o f to tal income during second plan
Rs.5,02,228 to s ix th plan to tal income Rs.68,27,642 it can be s een that the
S.P.univer s i ty l ibrary's income increas ed during las t twenty nine years more than
13 t imes and in percentage i t has increa sed by 1359.5 percent during same per iod .
364 FINANCIAL RESOURCES QjF SfWRASTRA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
The se cond annual planCi .e . 1967-68) gave bir th to fourth univer s i ty
in Gujarat , i . e . Sauras t ra Univer s i ry and
TABLE-18
FINANCIAL RESOURCES OF THE S.P. UNIVERSITY LI8RARTY (STARTED IN 1957)
HEADS II PLAN (1956-61)
III PLAN (1961-66)
ANNUAL PLANS (1966-69)
IV PLAN (1969-74)
V PLAN (1974-
78)
ANNUAL PLANS (1978-90)
VI PLAN (1990-85)
VII PLAN (1985-1990) (UP TO 31.3.88)
TOTAL
UNIVERSITY ALLOCATION
192228
679356
450774
499156 1211618
909997
4794422
3148643 11886194
U6C RECURRING
310000
350000
267019
865378
880986
574501
1433220
1244500 6025604
UGC NON-RECURRING -
799700 - -
100000
400000 100000 100000 1139700
U6C ADHOC - - -200000
250000
- 500000 500000 1450000
UGC TOTAL 310000
1149700
267019
1065378
1230986
614501 20033220
1944500 8615304
GRAND TOTAL
502228
1829056
717793
1564534
2442604
1524498
6827642
5093143 20501498
TABLE-19TABLE-19FINANCIAL RESOURCES OF THE SAURASTRA UNIVERSITY LIBRARTY (STARTED IN 1967)
i t s l ibrary al so was e s t ab l i shed in the same year 1967. Table nineteen provides the
deta i l s of Sauras t ra Univer s i ty l ibrary's f inancial re source s . Sauras t ra Univer s i ty l ibrary
has not rece ived any f inancial support from any endowment or gi f t s , hence in the tabl e
nineteen such co lumns are not shown.
Since the incept ion o f Sauras t ra Univer s i ty Library during second annual plan
( i . e . 1967-68) to seventh plan upto 31st March 1988 to ta l income through f inanc ia l
re source s i s Rs. 1,18,88,207 out o f which Rs. 66,10,878 i s al locat ed from
the Univer s i ty budget which i s abut 55.6 percent of the total
income. Whereas U.G.C's. contr ibut ion to tota l income i s Rs.
52,77,329 which i s only 44.4 percent o f the to ta l income
during the sa id per iod of e igh teen years .
365 FINANCIAL RESOURCES QF SOUTH SWARAT UNIVE RSITY LIBRARY
South Gujarat Univer s i ty i s the se cond univer s i ty which came into exi s t ence during
s econd annual plan 1967-68, but i t s l ibrary came into ex i s t ence during th ird annual plan
1968-69. This un iver s i ty l ibrary al so has not got any f inancia l support from any endowment
or gi f t s so far , hence such co lumn i s not incorporated in the tab le . The detai l s o f f inanc ia l
re source s of South Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary are shown in table twenty.
Since the e s t ab l i shment of South Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary during th ird annual
plan 1968-1969 to seventh plan
172
TA8LS-20
FINANCIAL RESOURCES OF THE SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY (STARTED IN 1968)
upto 31st March 1988 to tal income i s Rs. 1,69,75,032 out of which Rs. 90,29,218
i s a l located from the univer s i ty budget , which i s about 53.2 percent of the total income.
Whereas U.G.C's. contr ibut ion to to al income i s Rs. 79,45,814 which i s 46.8^
percent of the South Bujarat Univer s i ty Library's to ta l income during the said per iod
o f s eventeen years .
366 FINANCIAL RESOURCES QF BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
Bhavnagar Univer s i ty and i t s l ibrary came into ex i s t ence during
fourth annual plan 1978-79. As Bhavnagar Univer s i ty's as se t s are le s s than two crore s
hence univer s i ty i s not get t ing any f inancial as s i s tance f rom the Univer s i ty Grant s
Commis s ion as i t i s not in the perview of U.G.C. Ult imate ly Bhavnagar
univer s i ty l ibrary has to depend only on univer s i ty al locat ion for their f inanc ia l re source s .
During a per iod o f ten years Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary has rece ived Rs.
46,23,472 from the Univer s i ty's own budget .
37 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS QF_ TOTAL, UNIVERSITY LIBRARY INCOME JJ i
GUJARAT
While making compari son, i t i s al so important to make total comparat ive s tudy
o f the re soure s o f di f f erent univer s i ty l ibrar i e s of Gujarat . As a mat ter of fact not a s ing le
univer s i ty l ibrar iy in Gujarat i s f inanced by any endowment nor ' rece ived any gi f t s hence
such co lumn in the tabl e i s not incorporat ed . It has al ready been ment ioned in s ec t ion 36
of th i s chapter that l ibrary f ee s and f ine s are depo s i t ed with the univer s i ty of f i ce and they
are merged with
TABLE-21TABLE-21
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TOTAL UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES INCOME IN GUJARAT
0* 0
TABLE-21
9
1761 7 6
the un iver s i ty incomes and given to the l ibrary through the univer s i ty al locat ions . The
main source s o f univer s i ty l ibrary income are al locat ions from t-he univer s i ty budget , and
grant s from the U.G.C.
Table 21 makes i t c lear that in Gujarat , the ro le of un iver s i ty al locat ion i s more
prominent than the U.G.C. grant s as total re source s of un iver s i ty l ibrar ie s of Gujarat . Because
out o f Rs. 12,26,67,724 as total income Rs. 6,97,03,954 are al located from the univer s i ty
budget s wherea s Rs. 5,29,63,770 are be ing rece ived from the U.G.C. as recurr ing, non-
recurr ing and adhoc grant s to univer s i ty l ibrar ie s of Gujarat .
Thus in percentage terms 56.8 percent share i s by univer s i ty al locat ion, and
U.G.C's. contr ibut ion i s 43.2 percent o f which 33 percent a s recurr ing grant s , 4 percent as
non-recurr ing grant s and 6.2 percent as adhoc grant s o f to ta l income to univer s i ty l ibrar i e s of
Gujarat dur ing ent ire plan per iod .
While making ind ividual analys i s o f each univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in Gujarat , only the
M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary rece ive s highes t percentage of income by way o f U.G.C's. contr ibut ion
in the State compared to other un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s in Gujarat . Thus out of tota l M.S.
univer s i ty l ibrary income, U.G.C's. contr ibut ion i s 56.7 percent . It i s al so the h ighes t in
f igure s too in Gujarat , say Rs. 1,81,13,504. Whereas univer s i ty al locat ion to to ta l
income
177
i s only 43.8 percent which i s lowes t in percentage among al l univer s i ty l ibrar i e s of the
State . Out o f to ta l U.G.Cs . contr ibut ion o f 56.7 percent , 46.1 percent i s recurr ing
grant s , 3.5 percent non-recurr ing grant s , and 7.1 percent as adhoc grant to the M.S.
univer s i ty l ibrary dur ing the ent ire plan per iod .
Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary rece ive s the highes t percentage o f the i r income from the
univer s i ty budget a l locat ion among al l univer s i ty l ibrar ie s o f the State and lowes t percentage
of grant s from U.G.Cs . contr ibut ion. Thus univer s i ty budget al locat ion contr ibut e s 64.6
percent to to tal income and U.G.Cs. to tal contr ibut ion i s 35.4 percent o f which 28 percent
as recurr ing grant s , 3 percent as non recurr ing grant s , and 4.4 percent as adhoc grant s .
S.P. Univer s i ty Library rece ive s se cond h ighes t percentage o f univer s i ty al locat ion among al l
univer s i ty l ibrar ie s of the State . Thus S.P. Univer s i ty l ibrary rece ived 58 percent o f the ir
to ta l rece ipt s from univer s i ty al locat ions and 42 percent from U.G.Cs. contr ibut ions o f which
29.4 percent as recurr ing grant s , 6.5 percent a s non-recurr ing grant s , and 7.1 percent as an
'adhoc grant s .
Sauras t ra univer s i ty l ibrary s tood th ird in highes t percentage of total univer s i ty
l ibrary al locat ion from the univer s i ty budget in the State . Sauras t ra univer s i ty l ibrary
rece ived 55.6 percent o f the i r total rece ipt s f rom the unive r s i ty al locat ions and 44.4 from
to ta l U.G.Cs. contr ibut ions
178
of which 3i percent as recurr ing grant s , 3.7 percent a s non recurr ing grant s , and 9.7
percent as adhoc grant s .
In compari son o f univer s i ty al locat ion to the to tal rece ipt s South Gujarat
univer s i ty l ibrary s tand s at fourth place among al l un iver s i ty l ibrar ie s of Gujarat . Thus
univer s i ty budget al locat ion contr ibut e s to to ta l income by 53.2 percent , and 46.8 i s
contr ibut ed by U.G.C. grant s o f which 34.1 percent a s recurr ing grant , 6.2 percent as non
recurr ing grant and 6.5 percent as an adhoc grant to South Gujarat un iver s i ty l ibrary's total
income during plan per iod s ince i t s incept ion.
Bhavnagar Univer s i ty Library rece ived thei r income only through un iver s i ty budget
a l locat ion, as i t i s not in the purview of U. G.C. and hence they are not get t ing any f inancial
a s s i s t ence from U.G.C.
4 LIBRARY EXPENDITURE,
The pre s ent out look on educat ional expend i ture has changed cons iderably. Now
expendi ture made on educat ion by ind ividual s , in s t i tut ions , or government has been recogni s ed
in every corner of the world , because i t i s a human inve s tment o f long run.General 1y,
educat ional expend i ture s are in s t i t ional i s ed in modern world . Number o f in s t i tut ions have been
s e t to provide suf f i c i ent f inance to educat ional in s t i tut ion to meet thei r requirement s of
h igher educat ion.
One can not deny the importance of l ibrary in any
179
academic or re search in s t i tut ion. Similar ly, univer s i ty l ibrary i s the back bone of the
univer s i ty's major important funct ions i . e . t each ing and re s earch . Univer s i ty l ibrary has to
work in sy s t emat i c way to ful f i l the se funct ions of the univer s i ty. Then only univer s i ty wil l be
abl e to per form it s dut ie s in proper d irec t ion or be abl e to ach i eve i t s aims and object ive s .
Thus , the expend i ture made on univer s i ty l ibrary i s an inves tment for bet t erment o f mankind in
general , and in part icu lar for the development of the country i t s e l f .
To ac t a s an important agency as re servo i r o f knowledge , l ibrary should be in a
po s i t ion to secure al l the re source s which are found nece s sary to ach ieve the object ive s o f the
univer s i ty. The l ibrary should acquire in suf f i c i ent number of read ing mater ial s to meet the
need of the i r c l i ente le , and for that the univer s i ty must provide adequate f inanc ia l support to
the l ibrary to meet i t s obl igat ions in further ing the object ive s of the univer s i t i e s .
Prior to make any deci s ion pertain ing to l ibrary expendi ture any
governing body must remember that t
312 Library i s a growning organi sm;
313 Library i s a spend ing in s t i tut ion? and
314 Library expendi ture i s recurr ing.
Accord ingly l ibrary f inances have to plan out l ibrary expendi ture .
180
41 CLASSIFICATION OF LIBRARY EXPENDITURE
Prior to 1970-71 l ibrary expendi ture was c la s s i f i ed
in univer s i t i e s a s capi tal expend i ture and current
expend i ture . Capital expend i ture includes , expend i ture made
for bui ld ing and furni ture and equipment s whereas current
expend i ture incorporate s regular yearly expend i ture made on
books , per iod ica l s , bind ing, s tat ionary, s ta f f sa lar ie s and
wages . Therea f t e r U.G.C. has sugges t ed revi sed
c la s s i f i ca t ion of l ibrary expendi ture which have been adopted . The head s are plan, non plan and
spec ial funds . However, in the pre sent s tudy l ibrary expendi ture i s c la s s i f i ed as under :
(A) Recurring :
Ci) Books;
( i i) Per iod ica l s ;
( i i i) Salar i e s and wages ; and
(iv) Misce l laneous (which include s , Binding,
Stat ionary, Postage , Cont ingency, pr int ing et c .) .
(B) Non Recurring s
( i) Build ing;
( i i) Furni ture and equipment s .
As the nature o f l ibrary expendi ture i s recurr ing, and ever growing major port ion o f i t
i s general ly made on recurr ing i t ems i . e . on purchase of books , subscr ipt ion of
181
period ical s , s t af f salar ie s and wage s and on misce l laneous i t ems. Whereas non recurr ing
expendi ture on bui ld ing in the long range i s l e s s , because once the bui ld ing i s cons t ructed i t
never require s huge amount s regular ly. Similar ly furni ture and equipment once purchased wil l
s erve for longer per iod s . Hence non recurr ing expendi ture at long range i s a lways le s s than the
recurr ing expendi ture .
42 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY-Hl fE E P^ WUUfi6£ JJ i GUJAflAJ
The s tudy of each univer s i ty l ibrary expendi ture in Gujarat would be more
appropriat e , before making the comparat ive s tudy o f a l l s ix un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s of the State .
421 EXPENDITURE QF THE M.S. UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
The fo l lowing tabl e 22 shows the plan wise and thei r head-wise to ta l
expend i ture alongwith percentage of to ta l l ibrary expendi ture o f the M.S. Univer s i ty Library
from f ir s t Plan to s eventh plan (upto 31st March 1988). While comparing the f ir s t plan
total expend i ture Rs. 2,66,751 to the highes t to ta l expend i ture among plan per iod Rs.
1,03,12,416 during s ix th plan , i t can be seen that the M.S. Univer s i ty Library
expendi ture increas ed by more than 38 t imes during th i s plan per iod and in percentage i t has
increas ed by 3865.9"/. .
We know that the Univer s i ty Library's major expend i ture i s
EXPENTITURE OF THE M.S. UNIVERSITY LIBRARY(Started in 1950) (in rupee )*
HEADS I PLAN
II PLAN
III PLAN
AUkMIAI
IV PLAN
V PLAN
VI PLAN
VII PLAN
TOTAL
(1951-56)
(1956-61)
(1961-66)
PLANS
(1969-74)
(1974-78)
PLANS
(1980-85)
(1985-1990)
(1966-69)
(1978-80)
(UP TO 31.3.88)
1 RECURR1N6(a) BOOKS
89144
92962
121931
62633
363908
354871
333606
1494714
1063536
3977305
(33.42)
(4.67)
(10.47)
(6.98)
(14.9) (94.32)
(11.93)
(14.49) (12.23) (12.45)
(b) PERIODICALS
14828
17707
31366 29695
172987
302957
188191
2194379
2396681
5348791
(5.56)
(0.89)
(2.70) (3.31) (7.09) (10.42)
(6.73) (21.28) (27.57) (16.73)
(c) SALARIES
132487
425399
755330
639186
1533278
2369456
2040785
6232369
4921133 19049423
fc MAGES
(49.67)
(21.40)
(64.92)
(71.27)
(62.76)
(69.67)
(72.99)
(60.44)
(56.61) (59.60)
(d)HISCELLANEOUS
23983
94308
145442
99411 176714
180757
139119
370735
279340 1509809
(8.99)
(4.74)
(12.5) (11.08)
(7.23) (5.31) (4.98) (3.59) (3.21) (4.72)
183TOTAL RECURRINGEXPENDITURE 260442 630376 1054069 830925 2246887 3208041 2701701 10292197 8660690 29885328
(97.54) (31.70) (90.59) (92.64) (91.98) (94.32) (96.63) (99.80) (99.62) (93.50)
2 NON RECURRING
315 BUILDING - 1008238 77827
(50.7)(6.69)316 FURNITURE
I EQUIPMENT 6309 350000 31617
(2.36) (17.6)(2.72)
14794183077(4.35) (2.97)
65971 196041 4525211283
(7.36) (8.02) (1.33)
(0.40)
1317083 (4.12)
20219 32788 759480(0.20) (0.38) (2.3B)
TOTAL NON 6309 1358238. 109444 65971 196041 193193 94360 20219 32788 2076563RECURRINGEXPENDITURE (2.36) (68.3) (9.41) (7.36) (8.02) (5.68) (3.37) (0.20) (0.38) (6.50)
3 BRAND TOTAL 266751 1988614 1163513 896896
2442928 3401234 2796061 10312416
Note i Figures in bracket s ind icate s percentage to to ta l expend i ture .
3693478
31961891 i f e
recurr ing. Similar ly the M.S. Univer s i ty Library spent to ta l 93.57. of the ir tota l
expend i ture on recurr ing i t ems, whereas only 6.5% of total expend i ture made on non
recurr ing i t ems .
The M.S. un iver s i ty l ibrary's h ighes t expend i ture during plan per iod i s found Rs.
1,03,12,416 during s ix th plan . Similar ly, the h ighes t expend i ture dur ing plan per iod under
d i f f e rent head s are Rs. 14,94,714 on purchas e o f books during s ix th plan , Rs, 23,96,681 on
period ical sub scr ipt ion during s eventh plan (upto 31 March 1988), Rs, 62,32,369 and Rs.
3,70,735 on s ta f f sa lar ie s and wage s and mi sce l laneous i t ems re spect ive ly during s ix th plan,
Rs, 10,08,238 and Rs, 3,50,000 on bui ld ing and furni ture and equipment re spect ive ly
during s econd plan.
If we make the comparat ive s tudy o f di f f e rent head s of expend i ture o f the M.S.
univer s i ty l ibrary expendi ture percentage wise during d i f f e rent plan per iod , the highes t
percentage o f expend i ture are found to be 33.42 /. on books during f i r s t plan , 27.577. on*
per iod ical s during seventh plan (upto 31st March 1988), 72.997. on salar ie s and wages
during annual plan s (1978-1980), 50.7'/. and 17.6 on bui ld ing and furni ture and
equipment re spect ive ly during second plan.
The to tal head-wise expend i ture of the M.S. Univer s i ty Library's are Rs.
39,77,305 on purchas e of books , Rs. 53,48,791 on period ical s subscr ipt ions , Rs.
1,90,49,423 on s ta f f salar ie s and wages and Rs, 15,09,809 on
185
misce l laneous i t ems. Thus total recurr ing expendi ture reaches to Rs, 2,98,85,328 which i s
93.5"/. o f the to ta l expend i ture . The M.S. Univer s i ty l ibrary spent 6.57. o f the ir total
expend i ture on non-recurr ing, i t ems i . e . Rs. 20,76,563 which includes Rs, 13,17,083 spent
on bui ld ing cons truct ions and Rs, 7,59,480 on purchase o f furni ture and equipment s .
To analyse the recurr ing expendi ture o f the M.S. Univer s i ty, total
recurr ing expendi ture divided i t em wis e:
Recurr ing i t ems Expenditure 'L a! touirecurr ing expendi ture .
Books 39,77,305 13.30Per iod ical s 53,48,791 17.90Staf f sa lar ie s & Wages 1 ,90,49,423 63.70Misce l laneous 15,09,809 5. 10Total recurr ing expendi ture 2,98,85,328 100.00
From the above break up o f the recurr ing expendi ture o f the M.S. un iver s i ty l ibrary
i t can be se en that 63.7 percent of the total expend i ture i s made on s ta f f salar i e s and wages ,
17.9 percent i s spent on per iod ica l subscr ipt ions , 13.3'/. spent on the purchase of books . Thus
in al l 31.26 percent o f the recurr ing expendi ture spent on read ing mater ial s and to make them
ut i l i s ed by the univer s i ty community. The M.S. univer s i ty spent s only 5.10
7. on
1861 8 6
misce l laneous i t ems .
422 EXPENDITURE OF GUJARAT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
In Gujarat only two Univer s i t i e s en joyed the planning era s ince i t s incept ions ,
they aare the M.S. Univer s i ty o f Baroda and Gujarat Univer s i ty, Ahmedabad es t abl i shed in
1949 and 1950 re spect ive ly. The to ta l l ibrary expend i ture of Gujarat
Univer s i ty i s shown in tab le 23 i s cons i s t ent ly increa s ing from plan to plan.
Not only tota l expend i ture , but even in var ious headwis e too. The tota l plan
per iod expendi ture of Gujarat Univer s i ty l ibrary, as shown i s Rs. 3,67,17624 o f
which the non-recurr ing expend i ture on bui ld ing, furni ture and equipment
i s Rs, 22,65,307 and recurr ing expendi ture i s Rs. 3,44,52,317.
The spread o f to tal recurr ing expendi ture o f Gujarat Univer s i ty l ibrary i s as under
:
Recurr ing i te rn s Books
Per iod ica l s
Staf f Salar i e s 8. Wages
Misce1laneous
Expenditure
99,29,241
84,01,807
1,22,35,870
38,85,399
4* Ql to ta l recurr ing expendi ture .
28.8 24.4
35.5 11.3
100.0
Total recurr ing expendi tureTotal recurr ing expendi ture3,44,52,317
TABLE-23
EXPENTITURE OF THE GUJARAT UNI I VERSI TY LIBRARY(Started in 1930) (in rupees)
HEADS I PLA
N
II PLAN
III PLAN
ANNUAL
IV PLAN
V PLAN
ANNUAL
VI PLAN
VII PLAN
TOTAL
T1951-56)
(1956-61)
(1961-66)
PLANS
(1969-74)
(1974-78)
PLANS
(1980-85)
(1985-1990)
(1966-69)
(1978-80)
(UP TO 31.3.88)
1 RECURRING(•) BOOKS
285848
684557
773338
444499
1055239
1346825
1259029
3166266
913640 9929241
(58.22)
(58.38)
(38.11)
(17.17)
(30.87)
(32.16)
(38.50)
(27.77) (11.20) (27.04)
(b) PERIODICALS
45705
114996
201257
209414
524918
966651
687711
2947620
2703535 8401807
(9.36).
(9.80) (9.92)
(8.09) (15.36)
(23.08)
(21.03)
(25.85) (33.14) (22.88)
(c) SALARIES
84757
219846
391204
388677
983779
1500518
981953
3771843
3913293 12235870
I WAGES
(17.36)
(18.75)
(19.28)
(15.01)
(28.78)
(35.830
(30.03)
(33.07) (47.79) (33.33)
(d) MISCELLANEO
US 1296S
72274
604656
741781
737947
244617
214473
797372
459314 3885399
(2.65)
(6.16) (29.80)
(28.65)
(21.59)
(5.84) (6.56) (6.99) (5.63) (10.58)
TJTAL RECURRING
429275
1091673
1970455
1784371
301883
4058611
3143166
10683101
7789782 34452317
;XPE»ITURE
(87.89)
(93.09)
(97.10)
(68.92)
(96.60)
(96.91)
(96.12)
(93.68) (97.94) (93.83)
2 NON RECURRING
(•) BUILDIN6 - - " 737647 -- - 615088 - 1352735
(28.49) (5.39) (3.68)(b) FURNITURE 59162 80987 58880 66928 116109129621 126882 105572 168431 912572
l EQUIPMENT (12.11) (6.91) (2.90) (2.59) (3.40)(3.09) (3.88) (0.93) (2.06) (2.49)
TOTAL NON RECURRINGEXPENDITURE 59162 80987 58880 804575 116109 129621 126882 720660 168431 2265307
(12.11) (6.91) (2.90) (31.08) (3.40) (3.09) (3.88) (6.32) (2.06) (6.17)
3 BRAND TOTAL 488437 1172660 2029335
2588946 3417992 41BB232 3270048 11403761 8856213
36717624
Note : Figure! in bracket s ind icate s percentage to to ta l expend i ture .
189
The above mode o f expend i ture ind icate that inal l read ing mater ial s
expend i ture 53.2 percent o f which 28.8 percent on books and 24.4 percent on
per iod ica l s . Whereas among al l un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s in Gujrat the lowes t percentage o f
recurr ing expendi ture i s spent on s ta f f salar i e s and wages by th i s Univer s i ty with only
35.5 percent and h ighes t percentage in misce l laneous i t ems with 11.3 percent o f the to tal
recurr ing expendi ture .
( in rupee s)1 9 0
423 EXPENDITURE QF_ S .P. VHIV€R8tTY UPR4RY
The S.P. Univer s i ty and i t s l ibrary were e s tabl i shed dur ing the end of the se cond
plan per iod . The tabl e 24 gives planwi se and their headwise expend i ture
alongwith the percentage o f each head to re spect ive plan to ta l expend i ture . Surpr i s ing ly
during th ird plan al l recurr ing expendi ture on di f f rent head s has come down. The total
expend i ture dur ing Plan per iod i s Rs. 2,05,01,498 of which 10.17 percent i . e . Rs.
20,85,305 was spent on non-recurr ing i t ems l ike bui ld ing, furni ture and equipment s ,
and 89.83 percent was spent on recurr ing i t ems with Rs. 1,84,16,193 which
inc ludes books , per iod ical s , s ta f f sa lar ie s and wages and mis ce l laneous i t ern s .
As regard s the to tal expend i ture per every plan , s ix th plan expendi ture i s
the h ighes t with Rs. 68,27,642 and lowes t dur ing se cond plan with Rs.
5,02,228 only. The detai led headwise recurr ing expendi ture and their percentage to total
recurr ing expendi ture are as under :
Total recurr ing expendi ture .
( in rupees)
Recurr ing i tern s Books
Per iod ical s
Salar ie s & Wages
Misce1laneous
Expenditure LiH Rs .>
44,03,341
58,75,464
73,86,240
7,51,148
1,84,16,193
X of to ta l
recurr ing expendi ture
23.9
31.9
40. 1
4. 1
100.0
( in rupee s)1 9 274& 2!£
Total recurr ing expendi ture .
EXPERT ITURE OF THE S.P. (Started in 1957) UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
( in317 BUILDING - 1000000
(5.67)318 FURNITURE 147000 335000
* EQUIPMENT (29.27) (18.32)
14114 65789 152000 42863
174897 153642(1.97) (4.21) (6.22) (2.81)
(2.56) (3.02)
1000000 (4.88) 1085305 (5.29)
TOTAL NON RECURRINGEXPENDITURE
147000 1335000 14114 (29.27) (72.99) (1.97)
65789 152000 42863 174897 153642 2065305(4.21) (6.22) (2.81) (2.56)
(3.02) (10.17)
Total recurr ing expendi ture .
( in rupees)
3 GRAND TOTAL 502228 1829056 717793
1564534 2442604 1524498
6827642 5093143 20501498
Note i Figures in bracket s ind icat e s percentage to total expend i ture .
( in rupee s)1 9 6
S.P. univer s i ty l ibrary spend s 55.8 percent of tota l recurr ing expendi ture
on read ing mater ial s of which 23.9 percent i s on books and 31.9 percent i s on
per iod ical s . For sa lar ie s and wages o f the s ta f f i t spend s 40.1 percent and nominal 4.1
percent on misce l laneous i t ems l ike bind ing, s t at ionary, po s tage and cont ingency etc .
424 EXPENDITURE OF SAURASTRA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
The Sauras t ra univer s i ty l ibrary came into exi s t ence during the s econd annual plan i . e .
1967-68. Table 25 deal s with the headwis e expend i ture . Total expend i ture
incurred dur ing Plan period i s Rs. 1,18,88,207 of which Rs. 8,59,096 i s spent on
non-recurr ing i t ems l ike bui ld ing, furni ture and equipment s , and Rs. 1,10,29,111
i s spent on recurr ing i t ems which includes , books , per iod ica l s , sa lar i e s and wages
and mi sce l laneous i t ems . The percentage o f each head to to ta l recurr ing expendi ture
i s a s under i
Total recurr ing expendi ture .
( in rupee s)
Recurr ing i t ems Books
Per iod ical s
Salar ie s & Wages
l i l s ce l laneous
31,29,130
28,48,027
44,98,044
5,53,910
1,10,29,111
r e c u r r i n g Expenditure
28.4 25.8
40.8 5.0
100.0
( in rupee s)1 9 8
TABLE-25
EXPENDITURE OF THE SAURASTRA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY (Started in 1967)
HEADS ANNUAL
IV PLAN
V PLAN
ANNUAL
VI PLAN
VII PLAN
TOTAL
PLANS
(1969-74)
(1974-78)
PLANS
(1980-85)
(1985-1990)
(1966-69)
(1978-80)
(UP TO 31.3.88)
1
Total recurr ing expendi ture .
( in rupees)
RECURRING(a) BOOKS
150172
322982
275558
272888
1134406
973124 3129130
(51.59)
(18.56)
(22.69)
(34.91)
(27.45)
(26.10) (26.32)
(b) PERIODICALS
35425
268463
297611
144241
1125007
977280 2848027
(12.17)
(15.43)
(2.51) (18.45)
(27.22)
(26.21) (23.96)
(c) SALARIES
30952
370695
559564
329590
1624643
1582600 4498044
ti UABES
(10.62)
(21.31)
(46.08)
(42.17)
(39.31)
(42.45) (37.83)
(d) MISCELLANEOUS 24782
127407
66141 29070
136218
170292 553910
(8.51)
(7.32) (5.44)
(3.72)
(3.33) (4.56) (4.66)
TOTAL RECURRINGEXPENDITURE 241331 1089547 1198874 775789 40202743703297 1102911
(82.91) (62.62) (98.72) (99.25)
(97.88)(99.32) (92.77)
2 NON RECURRING
319 BUILDING - 573649
(32.98)320 FURNITURE 49750 76608 I EQUIPMENT (17.09)
(4.40)
15492 5892 112532 25173 (1.28) (0.75) (2.72) (0.68)
573649 (4.83)
285447 (2.40)
Total recurr ing expendi ture .
( in rupees)
TOTAL NON RECURRINGEXPENDITURE 49750 650257 15492 5892 112532 25173 859096
(17.09) (37.38) (1.28) (0.75) (2.72)
(0.68) (7.23)
3 GRAND TOTAL 291081 1739804 1214366
781681 4132806 Note : Figures in bracket s ind icat e s
percentage to total expend i ture .
3728469
11888207
Total recurr ing expendi ture .
From the above break-up of the recurr ing expendi ture i t i s c lear that the
Sauras t ra univer s i ty l ibrary spend s 54.2 percent of the ir recurr ing expendi ture for
read ing mater ial s o f which 28.4 percent i s on books and 25.8 percent i s on per iod ical s
which i s more than 50 percent . 40.8 percent i s spent on salar i e s and wages and 5.0
percent on mis ce l laneous i t ems.
425 EXPENDITURE QF SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
The South Gujarat un iver s i ty l ibrary was e s t ab l i shed during th ird annual plan
i .e . 1968-69. The tab le 26 give s planwise and their headwise to tal expend i ture
alongwith the percentage of to ta l expend i ture o f every plan per iod . The f igure s shown
in breacket s are the percentages . The to tal expend i ture during plan per iod i s Rs.
1,69,75,032 of which Rs. 22,46,142 i s spent on non-recurr ing i t ems l ike bui ld ing,
furni ture and equipment s , and Rs. 1,47,28,890 i s spent on recurr ing i t ems which
include s , books , per iod ica l s , sa lar ie s and wage s , and misce l laneous i t ems . Table ind icat e s
that the to tal expend i ture as wel l recurr ing expendi ture i s s t ead i ly increa s ing. The
fo l lowing break up o f the recurr ing expendi ture give s the to tal recurr ing
headwis e expend i ture and thei r percentage to total recurr ing expendi ture .
204
TABLE-26
EXPENDITURE OF THE SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
(Started in 1968)(in rupee )*
HEADS IV PLAN
V PLAN
ANNUAL
VI PLA
N
VII PLAN
TOTAL
PLANS
(1969-74)
(1974-78)
PLANS
(1980-85)
(1985-1990)
(1966-69)
(197B-B0)
(UP TO 31.3.88)
1 RECURRING(a) BOOKS
25467
380556
296206
70131 1997878
1478509
4248747
(22.81)
(36.01)
(9.99)
(7.58) (32.69)
(25.47) (25.03)
(b) PERIODICALS
8637
172515
492532
352355
1553324
1403775
3983138
(7.74)
(16.32)
(16.60)
(38.09)
(25.44)
(24.19) (23.46)
(c) SALARIES
50157
377783
601787
473606
2229390
2390206
6122929
I WAGES
(44.93)
(35.75)
(20.29)
(51.19)
(36.48)
(41.18) (36.07)
(d) MISCELLANEOUS 7124
85367
62069
22181 105829
91506 374076
(6.38)
(8.08)
(2.09)
(23.4) (1.73) (1.S8) (2.21)
TOTAL RECURRING 91385 1016221 1452594 918273
5686421 5363996 14728890EXPENDITURE (81.86) (96.16) (48.97) (99.26) (96.32)(92.42) (86.77)
2 NON RECURRING
321 BUILDING - - 1363000
(45.95)322 FURNITURE 20252
40592 150923 I EQUIPMENT (18.14) (3.84) (S.08)
439859 1802859(7.58)
(10.62)6807 224709 - 443283(0.74) (3.68) (2.61)
TOTAL NONRECURRING 20252 40592 1513923 6807 224709 439859 2246142EXPENDITURE (18.14) (3.84) (51.03) (0.74) (3.68) (7.58) (13.23)
3 BRAND TOTAL 111637 1056813 2966517
925080 6111130 Note i Figure* in bracket s ind icat e s
percentage to total expend i ture .
5803855
16975032
Recurr ing i t e rn s Books
Per iod ica l s
Salar i e s & Wage s
Misce l laneous
Total of recurr ing expendi ture .
ExpenditureLin Rs t )
42,48,747
39.83,138
61,22,929
3,74,076
1,47,28,890
recurr ing Expendi t ure
28.9
27.0
41.6
2.5
100.0
210
The above f igure s reveal that the South
Gujarat un iver s i ty l ibrary spend s second highes t percentage o f recurr ing
expendi ture on read ing mater ia l s in the State , say 28.9 percent on books
and 27.0 on per iod ica l s , and on s ta f f salar ie s and wage s i t s expend i ture i s
41.6 percent . It i s the only un iver s i ty l ibrary in the
State , whose misce l laneous expend i ture i s lowes t in the Stat e and probab ly l e s s
than 50 percent o f the average expend i ture o f recurr ing expendi ture in the
s t ate , which i s only 2.5 percent o f the to ta l recurr ing expendi ture .
426 EXPENDITURE QF IHE. BHAVNAQAR UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
The tab le 27 shows the planwis e and their headwi se to tal expend i ture
alongwith the percentage of the to ta l l ibrary expendi ture of the Bhavnagar
univer s i ty l ibrary from annual plan s (1978-80) to seventh plan (upto 31st March
1988) as the l ibrary was e s t ab l i shed in the year 1978. The h ighes t to ta l
expend i ture i s Rs. 23.59,414 dur ing s ix th plan per iod , which ind icate s that the
Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary expendi ture has increa sed by more than 8 t imes
during the
( in rupees)TABLE-Z7
EXPENDITURE OF THE BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY LIBRARY (Started) in 1978)
05
2122 1 2
plan per iod and in percentage i t has increa sed by 820.46 X in the same per iod .
The Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary spent 99.85 percent of thei r to ta l expend i ture
on recurr ing i t ems , whereas only 0.15 percent o f the to ta l expend i ture i s
made on nonrecurr ing i t ems, because univer s i ty l ibrary does not have i t s own l ibrary
bui ld ing. They are fortunat e to have a co l lege l ibrary bui ld ing alongwith the
furni ture for their use . Perhaps for th i s rea son only their non-recurr ing expendi ture i s
found smal l . Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary i s not get t ing any amount from the
U.G.C. and i t i s only a decade o ld . Hence i t s expend i ture i s found very smal l
compared to other univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in Gujarat . As s eventh plan i s not yet complet ed
hence in th i s cas e i t would be more sui tabl e to make a s tudy o f only s ix th plan for
the s tudy o f di f f e rent plan per iod s and total expend i ture re spect ive ly.
The s ix th plan to tal expend i ture of the Bhavnagar Univer s i ty i s Rs.
23,59,414 out of which only 0.18 percent i s spent on non-recurr ing i t ems i . e . Rs.
4221 i s spent on furni ture and equipment . Whereas to ta l recurr ing expendi ture dur ing
s ix th plan i s Rs. 23,55,193 which i s 99.82 percent o f the total expend i ture . The
expendi ture cn read ing mater ial s among total expend i ture i s the h ighes t i . e . 52.19
percent , out of which Rs. 28.75 percent i s spent on purchase o f books i . e . Rs.
6,78,397 ,and 23.44 percent on subscr ipt ion of per iod ica l s i . e . Rs. 5,53,046,
whereas Rs. 9.97,325 i s spent
213
on s ta f f salar i e s and wages which i s 42.27 percent of the total expend i ture , and Rs. 1,26,425
i s spent on misce l laneous i t ems which i s 5.36 percent o f the total expend i ture during the same
plan per iod .
Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary has made total expend i ture so far on di f f er ent head s to the tune
o f Rs. 12,54,467 for the purchase o f books which i s 27.13 percent o f the to tal expend i ture .
Rs. 9.99.003 on period ica l subs cr ipt ion which i s 21.61 percent , Rs. 21,07,861 on s taf f
salar i e s and wages which i s 45.59 percent , Rs. 2,55,280 i s spent on mis ce l laneous i t ems
which i s 5.52 percent . Thus the total recurr ing expendi ture i s Rs. 46,16,611 out of a to tal
expend i ture of Rs. 46,23,472, which i s 99.85 percent of the to ta l expenfcd i ture , wherea s Rs.
6861 only i s be ing spent on non-recurr ing i t ems , say furni ture and equipment s .
As univer s i ty l ibrary's major expend i ture i s found
to be recurr ing expendi ture i t would be nece s sary to analy s i s the recurr ing expendi ture o f the
Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary which i s a s under :
2142 1 4Recurr ing i t ern s Expenditure 'L of . to ta l recurr ing
expend i ture
215
Books 12,54,467 27.2
Per iod ica l s 9,99,003 21,6
Staf f salar i e s & Wage s 21,07,861 45.7
Misce1laneous 2,55,280 5.5
Total recurr ing expend i t ure .
46,16,611 100.0
TABtf-282 1 6
From the above break-up of the recurr ing expendi ture o f the Bhavnagar
univer s i ty l ibrary i t can be observed that inal l 48.8 percent o f the total expend i ture i s
made on read ing mater ial s i . e . 27.2 percent on purchase o f books and 21.6 percent on
period ical subs cr ipt ions , and 45.7 percent on s taf f salar ie s and wage s , and on
mis ce l laneous 5.5 percent i s spent by the l ibrary.
43 GROWTH QF UNIVERSITY LIBRARY EXPENDITURE IM GUJARAT
The s tudy o f the un iver s i ty l ibrary expendi ture in Gujarat re f l e c t s that the growth
o f the l ibrary expendi ture i s s low compared to the expend i ture on other var ious head s o f
univer s i t i e s in Gujarat . Table 28 shows the growth of the expend i ture o f the var ious l ibrar i e s
in Gujarat .
In tabl e 28, the growth o f the expend i ture of each univer s i ty l ibrary in
Gujarat during plan per iod i s shown. During annual plans (1966-1969) the M.S.
univer s i ty l ibrary and the S.P. univer s i ty l ibrary expendi ture came down whereas Gujarat
univer s i ty l ibrary expendi ture has gone upward s . Similar ly, during the
annual plan s (1978-80) al l the un iver s i ty l ibrar ie s expend i ture has come
down. Whereas during al l other plan s univer s i ty l ibrary expend i ture i s cont inuous ly
increas ing. The averge expend i ture per plan has been calculat ed by divid ing the to ta l plan
per iod expendi ture of a univer s i ty l ibrary by the number of plans
that part i cu lar univer s i ty l ibrary has gone through. This cal cu lat ions give s
rea l t ive f igure s for making comparat ive
TABtf-28
OVERALL 6R0WTH OF EXPENTITURE OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN GUJARAT DURING PLAN PERIOD
UNIVERSITY I PLAN II PLAN III PLAN ANNUAL IV PLAN V PLAN ANNUAL VI PLAN VII PLAN TOTAL AVERAGE RANK AVERAGE RANKLIBRARY (1951-56) (1956-61) (1961-66) PLANS (1969-74) (1974-78) PLANS (1980-85) (1985-1990) EXP. PER GROWTH OF X
(1966-69) (1978-80) (UP TO 31.3.88) PLAN OVER GROWTHSTARTING
PLAN
H.S. . 266751
1968614
1163513
896896
2442928
340234
2796061
10312416
693478
31961891
3551321
II 1331
III
GUJARAT
488437
1172660
2029335 2588946
3417992
418823
2
3270048
11403761
8158213
36717624
4079736
I 835
IV
S. P. .
-
502228
1829056
717793
1564534
244260
4
1524498
6827642
5093143
20501498
2562687
IV 4082
I
SAURASTRA
- - -
291061
1739804
1214366
781681
4132806
372846
9
11888207
1981368
V 681
VI
SOUTH GUJARAT - - -
111637
1056813
296651
7
925080
6111130
580385
5
16975032
2829172
III
2534
II
- - - - - -245970
2359414
201806
846234
721541157 VI
627 VI
TOTAL 7551 3663 502 460 10222071 9543 4114 3349 12266 1362
TABtf-282 1 8
88 502 1904
6353
14212953 338 7169 5246 7724 975
I OF EVERY PLAN 0.62 2.99 4.09 3.76 8.33 11.59 7.78 33.54 27.3 100.00 TO TOTAL PLAN PERIOD EXPENDITURE
TABtf-28
study among the d i f f er ent univer s i ty l ibrar i e s of Gujarat . The avearge expend i ture
per plan of each univer s i ty i s shown in co lumn number ten . Gujarat Univer s i ty
l ibrary has the highes t average expend i ture pf Rs. 40,79,736 per plan , among al l
the un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s of the Stat e , fo l lowed by the M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary with Rs.
35,51,321. Third to come i s South Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary with Rs.
28,29,172, and fourth i s S.P. univer s i ty l ibrary with Rs. 25,62,687. Fif th and
s ix th are Sauras t ra univer s i ty l ibrary and Bhavnagar un iver s i ty l ibrary
with Rs. 19,81,36B and Rs. 15,41,157 re spect ive ly. It shows that
in Gujarat four univer s i ty l ibrar ie s average expend i ture per plan i s more
than Rs. 25,00,000 viz . Gujarat , the M.S., South Gujarat , and S.P.
univer s i ty l ibrar i e s , wherea s only two un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s average expend i ture i s le s s
than Rs. 20,00,000 but more than Rs. 15,00,000 viz . Sauras t ra and
Bhavnagar univer s i ty 1ibrar ie s .
Column 15 of table 28 speaks about the average growth rate o f expend i ture
o f every univer s i ty l ibrary in compar i son to the corre sponding plan o f i t s s t art ing per iod .
It has been cal cu lat ed as under :
AP x 100AGR •..........................---------
SP
Where AGR Average growth rate o f expend i ture . SP « Start ing plan ■
expend i ture . AP Average expend i ture per plan.*
2202 2 0
The average growth over s t art ing plan shown in co lumn 15 reveal s that
S.P. univer s i ty l ibrary's expendi ture increas ed by 4082 percent , i . e . 40 t imes . South
Bujarat univer s i ty l ibrary's expendi ture increa sed by 2534 percent i . e . 25 t imes , the
M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary's expendi ture increas ed by 1331 percent i . e . 13 t imes . Whereas
the s econd oldes t un iver s i ty o f Gujarat , Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary's expendi ture increas ed
by 835 percent only i . e . 8 t imes . Sauras t ra and Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrar ie s
expend i ture increa sed by 681 and 627 percent i . e . 6 t imes to thei r average expend i ture .
The eighth row of the tab le re f l ec t s the percentage o f expend i ture dur ing every plan
to the to tal plan per iod . It i s sharply cl ear that thi s percentage i s cont inuous ly increa s ing . The
lower percentage s are found during the annual plan s dur ing 1966-69 and 1978-80, and
Seventh Plan does not mat ter much because annual plans were ju s t for three and two years
re spect ive ly and Seventh Plan i s yet to complete , The f igure s are upto 31st March 1988
only.
It i s c lear from the tabl e 28 that in univer s i ty l ibrar i e s of Gujarat during the
ent ir e plan per iod a total expend i ture o f Rs. 12,26,67,724 has been made . Planwise share
to the total expend i ture are , f i r s t plan 0.62 percent , s econd plan 2.99 percent , th ird plan
4.09 percent , annual Plans (1966-69) 3.76 percent , fourth plan 8.33 percent , f i f th Plan
11.59 percent , annual plans (1978-80) 7.78 percent .
221
s ix th plan contr ibute the highes t with 33.54 percent and s eventh plan (upto 31st
March 1988) 27.3 percent .
44 COMPARATIVE RECUSING SXPENPITURE ANALYSIS OF UNIVERSITY UPftAftieS QF GUJARAT
After making a s tudy of the ind ividual univer s i ty
l ibrar i e s total expend i ture and overal l growth of expend i ture
of univer s i ty l ibrar ie s o f Gujarat , the comparat ive analys i so f
recurr ing expend i ture i s made here . Recurring expendi ture
play s a major ro le in the development of the univer s i ty
l ibrar i e s . Hence i t i s nece s sary to make a s tudy about; ( i)
the comparat ive po s i t ion of univer s i ty l ibrar ie s regard ing
di f f er ent head s of recurr ing expend i ture? and ( i i) the
compabrat ive ro le of di f f er ent head s o f recurr ing
expendi ture . The comparat ive analys i s of un iver s i ty wise
recurr ing expendi ture i s shown in tabl e 29.
Table 29 shows at a glance , as regard s the highes t to ta l recurr ing expendi ture ,
Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary i s at the top, the M.S. Univer s i ty at s econd, S.P. Univer s i ty at
th ird , South Gujarat Univer s i ty at fourth , Sauras t ra Univer s i ty at f i f th , and Bhavnagar
Univer s i ty at s ix th and las t po s i t ion.
The maximum amount of the recurr ing expendi ture i s spent on s ta f f sa lar i e s and
wage s .Of the tota l recurr ing expendi ture , the M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary spend s 63.74 percent
on s ta f f sa lar ie s , Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary spend s 45.66 percent , South Gujarat
univer s i ty l ibrary spend s 41.57
TABLE-2?TABLE-2?
TOTAL REOJRRINB EXPENDITURE OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES I
TABLE-2?
N BUJARAT
UNIVERSITY BOOKS PERIODICALS SALARIESNISCELL- TOTALLIBRARY& WAGES ANEOUS
M.S. UNIV.
3977305
5348791 19049423
1509809
(13.31) (17.9) (63.74) (5.05)
BUJARAT UNIV.
9929241
8401807 12235870
3885399
(28.82)
(24.38) (35.52) (11.28)
S.P. UNIV.
4403341
5875464 7386240
751148
(23.91)
(31.9) (40.11) (4.08)
SAURASHTRA
3129130
2848027 4498044
553910
UNIV. (28.37)
(25.82) (40.79) (5.02)
SOUTH BUJARAT
4248747
3983138 6122929
374076
UNIV. (28.85)
(27.04) (41.57) (2.54)
fetUIMACAD
1254467
999003 2107861 255280
UNIV.. (27.17)
(21.64) (45.66) (5.53)
TABLE-2?TABLE-2?
TOTAL26942231 27456231514003677329622 13128450
(23.8) (24.28)(45.44)(6.48) 100
Notes Figures in bracket s ind icate s percentage to to tal recurr ing expendi ture .
TOTAL RECURRING EXPENDITURE OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN
GUJARAT
The M.S.University Library
Gujarat University Library
S.P.University Library
Saurashtra University Library
South Gujarat University Library
Bhavnagar University Library
Total of University Libraries of Gujarat
-•BOOKS PERIODICALS
—SALARIES
2 3 4 5
6 7
& WAGES —MISCELLANEOUS
229
percent , Sauras t ra univer s i ty l ibrary spend s 40.79 percent , S.P. un iver s i ty l ibrary spend s
40.11 percent , and Gujarat un iver s i ty l ibrary spend s 35.52 percent . The average for the same
i s 45.43 of the to tal recurr ing expendi ture of the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s o f Gujarat .
The se cond major part of the recurr ing expendi ture i s spent on period ical
subs cr ipt ions . It ranges between as le s s a s 17.6 percent and as much as 31.85
percent of the recurr ing expend i ture . S.P. univer s i ty has the h ighes t f igure s
o f 31.9 percent , next comes South Gujarat univer s i ty with 27.04 percent , Sauras t ra
univer s i ty with 25.82 percent , Gujarat Univer s i ty with 24.38 percent , Bhavnagar
univer s i ty with 21.64 percent , and M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary with only 17.9 percent .
The average for the same i s 24.27 percent o f the tota l recurr ing expendi ture of the
univer s i ty l ibrar i e s o f Gujarat .
The th ird major part of the recurr ing expendi ture i s spent on purchas e of
books . It ranges between as le s s a s 13.31 percent and as much as 28.85 percent o f
the recurr ing expendi ture . South Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary has the highes t
f igure o f 28.85 percent . Next comes Gujrat univer s i ty l ibrary with
28.82 percent , Sauras t ra univer s i ty l ibrary with 28.37 percent , Bhavnagar univer s i ty
l ibrary with 27.17 percent , S.P. univer s i ty l ibrary with 23.91 percent and the M.S.
univer s i ty l ibrary with only 13.31 percent . On an average, expend i ture on acqui s i t ion o f
books i s 23.82 percent o f the total recurr ing expend i ture o f the univer s i ty
230
l ibrar ie s in Gujarat .
If we make the s tudy o f the to tal average expend i ture on read ing mater ial s
o f total recurr ing expendi ture i t would be h ighes t in percentage say 48.09 percent and
the average expend i ture on s ta f f salar i e s and wages i s 45.43 percent .
The fourth and a nominal part of the recurr ing expendi ture i s spent on di f f erent
mis ce l laneous i t ems l ike , bind ing, s tat ionary, po s tage and cont igency. Expenditure
on thes e i t ems together ranges only between 2.54 perent to 11.28 percent of
the total recurr ing expend i ture . The highes t percentage i s to be found in the Gujarat
univer s i ty l ibrary. It i s probably for the f i r s t t ime that Gujarat un iver s i ty l ibrary i s
coming in f i r s t place in the s tudy of recurr ing expendi ture but unfortunate ly i t i s f i r s t in
such an i t em which has l i t t l e importance as far as l ibrary s ervi ce s and l ibrary f inances are
concerned . Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary occupie s the s econd with 5.53 percent , the
M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary th ird with 5.05 percent , Sauras t ra univer s i ty l ibrary fourth with 5.02
percent , S.P. univer s i ty l ibrary, f i f th with 4.08 percent , and South Gujarat
univer s i ty s ix th with only 2.54 percent . The average expend i ture on misce l laneous i t ems i s
6.48 percent o f the to ta l recurr ing expendi ture o f the un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s in
Gujarat . Thus only Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary i s found above the s t ate average
and M.S. univer s i ty, S.P. univer s i ty, Sauras t ra univer s i ty, South Gujarat
univer s i ty's and-Bhavnagar univer s i ty are below it .
231
Indeed i t i s good s ign o f the f inanc ia l management that the above f ive univer s i ty l ibrar ie s
of the Stat e have contro l l ed their mis ce l laneous expend i ture .
45 UNWERSUY &m THEIR LIBRARY EXPENDITURE PROPORTION IH
6MJARAT
Univer s i ty l ibrary i s a spend ing in s t i tut ion,and for th i s rea son various
s tandard s have been sugge s t ed for proport ion of l ibrary expend i ture to to tal
univer s i ty expend i ture . The Univer s i ty Educat ion Commis s ion (7), had recommended
that 6.5 percent o f a Univer s i ty's budget would be a reasonable expend i ture on
univer s i ty l ibrar ie s . The Educat ion Commis s ion al so sugge s t ed that th i s expend i ture
could vary between 6.5 percent to 10 percent , subjec t to the s tage s of development o f each
univer s i ty l ibrary. The Parry Commit tee (8) , al so sugges t ed . . . . " in a
medium s iz e univer s i ty the annual co s t o f l ibrary provi s ion should not be al lowed to fal l
below 6 percent of the budget o f the univer s i ty. " The 17th All India Library
Conference sugges t ed , that " in cas e o f academic l ibrar i e s the al locat ion should be 6 to 10
percent of the total annual budget " (9).
The seminar on, 'SNational Poli cy on Univer s i ty
Librari e s " held at Osmania univer s i ty l ibrary during 29-30th
September, 1986 expres s ed i t views by s tat ing, " the semianr
fee l s that , the recommendat ions with regard to the f inancing
o f l ibrar ie s made by both the Radhakr i shnan and Kothari
Commis s ions are severa l decades o ld . ----------------------------- the semianr
232
recommends the sugges t ions made by Karnatak State Univer s i t i e s Review Commit te e in 1980-
81 (Chairman Dr. K.N. Raj) be adopted for implementat ion. The Commit te e has recommended
that 20-25 percent of the tota l budget o f the un iver s i t i e s may be se t apar t for the
operat ion grant for
univer s i ty l ibrar ie s . --------------------------- the s emianr further recommends
that the annual increas e in the budgetary provi s ion o f univer s i ty l ibrar i e s shal l be o f the order
of 20 to 25 percent in keeping with general pri ce r i s e " (10).
The fo l lowing tabl e 30 shows the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s expend i ture to percentage of
univer s i t i e s expend i ture in Gujarat .
Table 30 re f le c t s that , the M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary expendi ture during plan per iod
i s the h ighes t dur ing second plan that i s 10.1 percent due to the erect ion o f i t s l ibrary
bui ld ing, and the lowes t percentage i s found dur ing f ir s t plan that i s 1 .7 to i t s Univer s i ty's
to ta l expend i ture . Thus , the M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary's to ta l expend i ture for the ent ire plan
per iod reaches to 3.5 percent to i t s Univer s i ty's total expend i ture .
Dur ing ent ir e plan per iod , the Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary's highes t percentage of
expend i ture i s found dur ing annual plans 1966-69 that i s 10.0 percent , due to the
cons truct ion o f i t s l ibrary bui ld ing dur ing the same per iod and during f i f th plan i t i s lowes t
with 6.2 percent to i t s univer s i ty's to ta l expend i ture . Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary's total
expend i ture for the ent i re plan per iod i s found to be
TABLE-30
PERCENTAGE OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARY EXPENDITURE TO TOTAL UNIVERSITY EXPENDITURE IN GUJARAT
(in rupees)
UNIVERSITY/ I PLAN II PLAN III PLAN ANNUAL IV PLAN V PLAN ANNUAL VI PLAN VII PLAN TOTALLIBRARY (1951-56) (1956-61) (1961-66) PLANS (1969-74) (1974-78) PLANS (1980-85) (1985-1990)
(1966-69) (1978-80) (UP TO 31.3.88)
M.S. UNIV. N.S.U. LIB. PERCENTAGE
15275538 266751 1.7
19719078 1988614 10.1
37948518 1163513 3.1
35429888 896896 2.5
88829897 2442928 2.8
111793654 3401234 3.0
63737278 2796061 4.4
281612230 10312416 3.7
252715426 8693478 3.4
907061507 31961891 3.5
GUJARAT UNIV.GUJ.U.LIB.PERCENTAGE
5415044 488437 9.0
12652427 1172660 9.3
27616544 2029335 7.3
25B2527 2588946 10.0
53789197 3417992 6.4
67883474 4188232 6.2
44554359 3270048 7.3
149691016 11403761 7.6
141020720 8158213 5.8
528650008 36717624 6.9
S.P. UNIV. S.P.U. LIB. PERCENTAGE
- 7056986 502228 7.1
8125484 1829056 22.5
8527942 717793 8.4
19755527 1564534 7.9
24398852 2442604 10.0
144334>3 1524498 10.6
61465014 6827642 11.1
56898753 5093143 9.0
200662021 20501496 10.2
SAURASHTRA UNIV. SAU.U. LIB. PERCENTAGE
- - - 4621780 291081 6.3
19383346 1739804 9.0
27870883 1214366 4.4
13374487 7B166I 5.8
69679740 4132806 5.9
63689484 3728469 5.9
198624729 11888207 6.0
SOUTH GUJARAT UNIV. -S.6.U. LIB.
- • 3097571 11163
19660561 10568
20827454 29665
15507922 9250
57B51049 611113
59984200
177128751 1697
PERCENTAGE
BHAVNAGAR UNIV. BHAVNAGAAR U. LIB. -PERCENTAGE
TOTAL UNIV. EXP. 20690582TOTAL UNIV. LIB. EXP.
755188
PERCENTAGE
3.6
234
o
6.9 percent o f i t s univer s i ty's total expend i ture .
The S.P. Univer s i ty Library's h ighes t percentage of expend i ture among ent i re
plan per iod i s found dur ing th ird plan per iod that i s 22.5 percent due to i t s l ibrary bui ld ing
cons truct ion and i t i s found lowes t during second plan per iod that i s 7.1 percent to i t s
univer s i ty's to ta l expend i ture . S.P. univer s i ty l ibrary's to tal expend i ture for the ent i re plan
per iod i s found to be 10.2 percent to i t s univer s i ty's to ta l expend i ture , which i s the h ighes t
in percentage among al l univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in Gujarat .
The h ighes t percentage among ent ir e plan per iod expendi ture o f Sauras t ra
univer s i ty Library i s found dur ing fourth plan per iod that i s 9.0 percent because i t s l ibrary
bui ld ing came into exi s t ence during the same per iod and the lowes t percentage i s found during
f i f th plan per iod that i s 4.4 percent to i t s univer s i ty's to tal expend i ture during ent ir e plan
per iod . The total expend i ture for the ent ir e plan per iod o f Sauras t ra univer s i ty l ibrary i s 6.0
percent to i t s univer s i ty expend i ture .
The South Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary bui ld ing was cons truct ed during f i f th
plan, hence the h ighes t percentage of expend i ture among ent i re plan per iod i s found to be
14.2 percent and the lowes t i s found during annual plans 1966-69 with 3.6 percent , of i t s
Univer s i ty's total expend i ture . Thus the South Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary's to ta l
expend i ture for the ent ire plan per iod reaches to 9.6 percent of i t s
2362 3 6
univer s i ty's to ta l expend i ture .
The Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary's h ighes t
expend i ture i s 2.2 percent during s ix th plan and the lowes t
i s 1 .4 percent during annual plan s (1978-80) to i t s
univer s i ty's expendi ture during plan per iod . The tota l
percentage o f ent ir e plan per iod i s 2.1 percent which i s the
lowes t among al l univer s i ty l ibrar ie s o f the s t ate to i t s
Univer i s i ty's tota l expend i ture . Becuas e , Bhavnagar
univer s i ty l ibrary so le ly depend on univer s i ty al locat ion, a s i t i s not in the purvi ew of U.G.C.
While making the compar i son of d i f f er ent plan per iod s
total percentage o f expend i ture on un iver s i ty
l ibrar ie s in Gujarat to their univer s i ty's to tal expend i ture fa l l s between 3.6 percent during
f i r s t plan to 9.3 percent during second plan , and to ta l of Gujarat for the ent i re plan per iod i s
5.5 percent which i s found one percent le s s than Dr. Ranganathan's recommendat ions o f
minimum 6.5 percent .
451 GUJARAT UNIVERSITY A P_£ LIS. LIBRARY EXPENDITURE
PROPORTIONS
Planwis e univer s i t i e s and th ier l ibrary expendi ture proport ions have been
al ready di scus sed . Las t t en year s i . e . 1978-79 to 1987-88 to tal expend i ture of Gujarat
Univer s i ty and i t s l ibrary expendi ture and percentage o f tota l univer s i ty expend i ture yearwi se
i s pre sented in tabl e 31.
237
TABLE 3JL
PROPORTION OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARY EXPENDITURE TO TOTALUNIVERSITY EXPENDITURE OF GUJARAT UNIVERSITYLIBRARY,AHMEDABAD
5 PUPOETINQ
Budget i s a schedule of al l the revenues and expendi ture that an ind ividual ,
group, government or organi sa t ion expect s to rece ive and plan s to spend dur ing a t ime
per iod , usual ly the fo l lowing year. Budget contain s e s t imate s o f ant ic ipat ed income and
spec i fy what expend i ture s
238
are planned dur ing a t ime per iod . If revenue s exceed expendi ture s , a budget i s known as
surplus budget and i f expense s are greater than the revenue i t i s known as def ic i t budget and
when revenue s and expendi ture are equal i t i s known as balance bduget . Usual ly, univer s i ty
l ibrary budget s def i c i t budget s .
As a day to day admini s t rator and f inancia l manager of a l ibrary,
l ibrar ian must know what i s budget making ? And how it i s made ? Budget i s a
work which i s done usual ly by al l househo ld s and in s t i tut ions which want to pro secut e
i t s future undertaking in a planned manner. When a proper budget i s planned the
avai lab le re source s are put to bes t u se , o therwise much of the re source s are
fr i t t e red away without any sub s tant ia l re sul t . Librar ian should al so prepare
l ibrary budget to provide e s s ent ial and qual i t at ive l ibrary s ervi ce s to i t s c l i ent le so that the
funct ions , a ims and object ive s o f univer s i ty are fu l f i l l ed in i t s r igh t direc t ions .
While prepar ing l ibrary budget l ibrar ian must keep in mind the pas t expend i ture
trend s , pre sent market trend s and the future requirement s o f i t s c l i ente le , which helps him to
reach at a certain e s t imate for budget proposal s . The budget preparat ion i s not an easy job,
even a smal l mis take in cal cu lat ing the ant ic ipated expendi ture may advers e ly af fe c t the l ibrary
service s . As such , the preparat ion of budget require s exper i ence of making as se s sment o f
future need s ,
239
b r o ad v i s i o n , a l e r t n e s s , f o r e s i g h t e d n e s s a n d l o g i c a l a n d s c i e n t i f i c a p p r o a c h e .
5L BUDGETARY STANDARDS FOR UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES
Any s t a n d a r d o r f o rmu l a i s a lw ay s d e r i v e d f r om t h e .ASSjessmen t o f t h e
p a s t . Bud g e t a r y s t a n d a r d s f o r u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s h a v e b e e n s u g g e s t e d b y
v a r i o u s e x p e r t s / a u t h o r i t i e s o n t h e i r p a s t e x p e r i e n c e s . A l t h o ugh t h e r e i s n o s e t
f o rmu l a i n p a r t i c u l a r f o r l i b r a r y e s t im a t i o n w i t h p r e c i s i o n , t h a t h ow Krtrch amo un t
a un i v e r s i t y s h o u l d s p e n d o r m ak e a v a i l a b l e f o r t h e i r l i b r a r y .
F» r e s t im a t i n g t h e f i n a n c i a l r e q u i r em e n t s o f a
un i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y , C a r l M . Wh i t e ( 11 ) h a s s u g g e s t e d
f o l l ow i n g t h r e e m e t h o d s f o r e s t im a t i n g t h e f i n a n c i a l
r e q u i r em e n t s o f a un i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y :
C a ) r a t i o o f l i b r a r y e x p e n d i t u r e t o t o t a l e d u c a t i o n a l e x p e n d i t u r e ;
323 r a t i o o f l i b r a r y e x p e n d i t u r e t o un i v e r s i t y r e g i s t r a t i o n ; a n d ,
324 l i b r a r y p e r f o rm an c e r e q u i r em e n t s .
A c c o r d i n g t o D r . R an g an a t h an ( 12 ) two b a s i c f u n c t i o n s oS t h e un i v e r s i t y
v i z . t e a c h i n g an d r e s e a r c h s h o u l d b e t h e c r i t e r i a o n wh i c h r e q u i r em e n t s o f u n i v e r s i t y
l i b r a r i e s b e assessed a n d f u n d s b e p r o v i d e d " for■ un i v e r s i t y . C a r l M . Wh i t e' s t h r e e
m e t h o d s a r e v e r y mu ch s im i l a r t o D r . R an g an a t h an 's m e t h o d o f b a s i n g t h e f i n an c i a l
e s t im a t i o n .As p e r D r . R an g an a t h an's r e c ommen d a t i o n s (13), t h i s p r o v i s i o n R s . 20
p e r s t u d e n t a n d Rs. 300 p e r t e a c h e r o r Rs. 50 p e r
240
s tudent for purchas e of books and read ing mater ia l . An equal amount be provided for
expend i ture on s taf f and other recurr ing i t ems. Thus in total the provi s ion for the s tudent
community other than the re search community would be Rs. 100=00 per s tudent . Further he
sugge s t s that the proport ion o f expend i ture o f a un iver s i ty l ibrary budget on various i t ems
should be as fo l lows :
Staf f 50 '/.
Books & other read ing mater ial s 40 7.
Misce l laneous i t ems 10 "/.
Parry Commit te e (14) that
the fo l lowing cr i t e r ia important in
determining expendi ture :
sugges t ed a su i table s tandard are among
tho se which are the level o f
recurr ing
(a) the number of subjec t s and branches o fsubjec t in which teach ing and re s earch are carr iedon in the univer s i ty;
325 the depth o f re search in each sub jec t and the range of intere s t s among the teach ing s ta f f - th i s i s part i cu lar ly appl icab le in di s c ip l ine s where re search i s carr ied on by ind ividual s rather than by teams , or where there i s a departmental programme;
326 the extent to which the topography o f the Univer s i ty nece s s i t at e s the e s t ib1i shment o f out ly ing subjec t l ibrar ie s , which usual ly invo lve dupl i cat ion; and
327 spec ia l re spons ib i l i t i e s , e .g . the ex i s t ence of subs tant ial spec ia l co l l ec t ions , co l le c t ions o f arch ives and manuscr ipt s , and local re spons ib i l i t i e s , for example to ho spi ta l authori t i e s , agri cu l tural re search and to co l lege s o f educat ion.
The U.G.Cs. Library Commit tee (15) and Parry
Commit tee (16) sugges t the rat io between the book grant and s taf f salar ie s should be 50 : 50.
Although U.G.C. Library Commit tee has not given spec i f i c recommendai tons on th i s account .
52 BUDGETARY PROPORTIONS IN THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES
OF GUJARAT
As univer s i ty l ibrary's major expend i ture i s recurr ing and i t play s a vi ta l ro l e in
making l ibrary a mean ingful , hence various recommendat ions pertain ing to budgetary
proport ions are made on the recurr ing i t ems o f univer s i ty l ibrar i e s . Non-recurr ing i t ems are
general ly covered under capi tal budget or planned budget . The s tudy o f income and
expendi ture s t atement s of the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in Gujarat give s the fo l lowing percentage
f igure s o f expend i ture on di f f e rent i t ems of recurr ing expendi ture , which are repre s ented in
tabl e 32.
TABLE 22
TOTAL BUDGETARY PROPORTION OF RECURRING ITEMS OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES OF GUJARAT DURING PLANS
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY SALARY BOOKS & MISCELLANECUS TOTAL
& WAGES PERIODICALS /.* V.
M . S. 63.7 31.2 5.1 100GUJARAT 35.5 53.2 11.3 100S. P. 40.1 55.8 4.1 100SAURASTRA 40.8 54.2 5.0 100SOUTH GUJARAT 41.6 55.9 2.5 100BHAVNAGAR 45.7 48.8 5.5 100
TOTAL OF GUJARAT 44 .6 49 .9 5.5 100
The tab le 32 shows that f ive univer s i ty l ibrar i e s in Gujarat spend
35.5 percent to 45.7 percent of recurr ing expendi ture on s ta f f salar ie s and only
one univer s i ty l ibrary spend s 63.7 percent , on s taf f salar ie s . Thus total
o f Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrar ie s reaches to 44.6 percent expend i ture
on s ta f f salar i e s a s again s t Dr. Ranganathan's and d i f f e rent Library Commit tee s
recommendat ions regard ing al locat ion of 50 percent on s ta f f salar i e s . Only the
M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary expend i ture on s taf f sa lar i e s are found above thi s
norms . It impl ie s that the M.S. un iver s i ty l ibrary i s over s t af f ed
in the Stat e , whereas other f ive univer s i ty l ibrar ie s are under s t af f ed .
This s i tuat ion natural ly af fe c t s l ibrary se rvice s in a qual i tat ive and
quant i tat ive manner.
Column three o f the tabl e 32 shows that al l univer s i ty l ibrar i e s o f Gujarat are
spend ing on books and period ica l s . Out o f s ix univer s i ty l ibrar i e s of the State f ive are spend ing
between 48.8 percent to 55.9 percent on books and period ical s and only one univer s i ty
l ibrary spend s 31.2 percent on books and period ical s . Thus f ive univer s i ty l ibrar i e s of the
State are spend ing above Dr. Ranganathan's norms o f 40 percent on books and per iod ica l s
and as per Parry's recommendat ions of 50 percent on books and period ical s . There are four
univer s i ty l ibrar i e s o f Gujarat which spend above thi s s t andard . As the M.S. Univer s i ty spend s
more than 50 percent on s taf f sa lar ie s natural ly i t
243
1 7 9
spends le s s on books and period ical s which i s 31.2 percent , thus to tal of Gujarat reaches to
49.9 percent expend i ture on books and period ical s .
Column four of the table 32 ref l ec t s mis ce l laneous expend i ture percentage of
univer s i ty l ibrar i e s of Gujarat . Out of s ix un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s o f the s tat e f ive univer s i ty
l ibrar ie s spend between 2.5 percent 5.5 percent on misce l laneous
i t ems and only one univer s i ty l ibrary spend s 11.3 percent on mis ce l laneous i t ems.
Thus f ive univer s i ty l ibrar i e s o f Gujarat spend be low Dr.
Ranganathan's recommendat ions of 10 percent and only one i . e . Gujarat
univer s i ty l ibrary spend s more than i t , which i s 11.3 percent . It
shows that most o f the un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s in Gujarat lag beh ind the required
norms .Thi s i s perhaps good s ign so far as l ibrary expendi ture on misce l laneous i t ems i s
concerned . It al so shows that the expend i ture on such i t ems i s wel l contro l led in the
s t ate .
53 LIBRARY BUDGET
The budget preparat ion i s a fu l l year's job. It cannot be
prepared at random. The univer s i ty's rule s general ly govern procedures
to form and content s of the budget , the route for submi s s ion and t iming
o f l ibrary budget . Usual ly, l ibrar ian s tart s hi s preparat ion by reviewing
the current budget and guidel ine s o f procedure to be fo l lowed in preparing the new budget .
It i s des i rab le to cons ider budget ing as a cont inuous procedure in which new
244
budget preparat ions beg in soon af t er the current budget i s rece ived . Librarian usual ly ask s the
departmental head s o f the l ibrary to review their need s and plans for the current year in the
l igh t o f the current budget and to submit a tentat ive new budget reque s t o f the re spect ive
department s of the l ibrary. Then the l ibrar ian conso l idat e s and revi ews al l such reque s t s and
d i scus s e s them with the s t af f who are invo lved in i t . Thi s wil l provide an opportuni ty to
examine and evaluate in detai l , the work of each department o f the 1 ibrar y.
The detai l ed l ibrary budget should be accompanied by a bri e f
s t atement of the principal i t ems of current and es t imat ed re source s and
expend i ture and the princ ipal argument s for ju s t i fy ing new items or increa se s .
Thus , the detai l ed l ibrary budget wil l l i s t a l l the nece s sary deta i l s under each i t em of
budget . Thus f inal l ibrary budget can be prepared for submis s ion to l ibrary
commit tee s of re spect ive un iver s i t i e s . The sugges t ions o f the l ibrary commit tee are
incorporat ed in i t and submit t ed to the univer s i ty of f i ce . The ent ir e univer s i ty
budget i s pas sed by the Execut ive Counc i l o f the Univer s i ty.
The vi s i t ing commit tee of the U.G.C. as s e s s e s plan requirement s of the univer s i ty
l ibrary and di scus se s them with the l ibrar ian and univer s i ty authori t i e s . The approved
requirement s are conso l idat ed and submit t ed for sanct ion to the U.G.C.
When univer s i ty budget i s pas s ed the un iver s i ty
1 s
o f f i c e i n f o rm s t h e l i b r a r y . A f t e r t h e r e c e i p t s o f t h e b u d g e t n o t i f i c a t i o n i n Gu j a r a t
t h e l i b r a r i a n w i t h t h e a p p r o v a l o f t h e Ch a i rm an o f t h e L i b r a r y Comm i t t e e c a l l s a
m e e t i n g f o r a l l o c a t i n g f u n d s f o r t h e p u r c h a s e o f b o o k s f o r t h e d i f f e r e n t a c a d em i c
d e p a r tm e n t s .
6 ACCOUNTING
Ac c o un t i n g h a s b e e n d e s c r i b e d a s a n a r t o f c l a s s i f y i n g , r e c o r d i n g an d
r e p o r t i n g s i g n i f i c a n t f i n a n c i a l e v e n t s t o f a c i l i t a t e e f f e c t i v e e c o n om i c a c t i v i t y .
A c c o un t i n g i s p r i n c i p l e s a n d p r o c e d u r e s o f r e c o r d i n g f i n an c i a l t r a n s a c t i o n s . Th e
m a j o r f u n c t i o n s o f a c c o un t i n g a r e :
328 t o p r o v i d e s umma r i s e d r e p o r t s o f t h e f i n a n c i a l p o s i t i o n s a n d p r o g r e s s o f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n t o a v a r i e t y o f g r o u p s who a r e n o t p a r t o f m an ag em en t i n c l ud i n g t h o s e who f u r n i s h c a p i t a l ;
329 t o f u r n i s h d e t a i l e d d a t a t h a t w i l l f a c i l i t a t e t h e e f f e c t i v e c o n t r o l a n d p l a n n i n g o f o p e r a t i o n s by m an ag em en t .
Th e ma i n p u r po s e o f a c c o un t i n g i s t o i n f o rm t h e a u t h o r i t y
a s t o h ow mu ch amo un t h a s b e e n s p e n t o u t o f t h e b u d y e t a l l o c a t i o n s
u n d e r e a c h h e a d o f e x p e n d i t u r e a n d wh a t t h e b a l a n c e s a r e . Ano t h e r
b e n e f i t i s t h a t i t a v o i d s o v e r s p e n d i n g . Th e g e n e r a l f i n a n c i a l a c c o un t i n g
i s d o n e b y t h e un i v e r s i t y' s a c c o un t s s e c t i o n i n Gu j a r a t . Ev e n t h o ug h t h e
un i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i n Gu j a r a t p r e f e r r e d a n d f o und i t h e l p f u l t o
m a i n t a i n t h e i r own a c c o un t s a n d r e c o r d s , a n d k e e p t r a c k o f t h e
f i n an c i a l p o s i t i o n un d e r e a c h h e a d a n d t h e e x p e n d i t u r e i n c u r r e d t h e r e i n ,
so t h a t t h e un i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y m ay b e aw a r e o f t h e b a l a n c e s a v a i l a b l e
i n t h e g r a n t f o r
1 s
each head . In order to make ef f i c i ent account ing sy s t em,
the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in Gujarat maintain some f inancial record s .
61 FINANCIAL RECORDS
For contro l l ing and proper ut i l i s at ion o f avai lab le grant s , univer s i ty l ibrar ie s
mainta in the fo l lowing type o f record s :
330 Cash book,
331 Ledger or al locat ion reg i s t er ,
332 General invo ice regi s t er,
333 Monthly expendi ture reg i s t e r; and
334 Salary bi l l reg i s t er .
611 CASH BOOK
Cash book record s a day to day f inancia l t ransac t ions
of income and expendi ture o f an in s t i tut ion. In short , cash book i s a record of
payment s and rece ipt s . The univer s i ty l ibrary i s not an except ion to i t and l ibrary
i s supposed to maintain a cash book. In Gujarat , un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s f inanc ia l
tran sact ions are made by their re spect ive univer s i ty o f f i c e s and not through the univer s i ty
l ibrar i e s . Univer s i ty l ibrar ie s merely send re spect ive invo ice s with nece s sary
procedure s made on them to the. univer s i ty of f i ce . But univer s i ty l ibrar i e s keep
cont ingency grant s to meet the ir cont ingency requirement s and amount rece ived at l ibrary
counter are entered in cash book, al though at the lat er date al l the rece ipt s o f
univer s i ty l ibrary are depo s i t ed in the
1 s
univer s i ty of f i ce . Thus the pro forma o f univer s i ty l ibrary cash book i s as under.
Spec imen o f a Cash book o f Un iver s i t y Librar y
Name o f the l ibrary Yearto ta l ITotal
i i
Signature of l ibrar ian
612 LEDGER OR ALLOCATION REGISTER
A ledger i s a c la s s i f i ed record o f an in s t i tut ion's f inanc ia l t ransact ions which
are l i s t ed in seperate ledger account s each o f which record s transact ions only with a
part icu lar head or only re la t ing to a part icular c las s o f the in s t i tut ion's as s e t s . It i s usual
to divide the ledger for the pract ical work of book keeping, ' into separate record s o f
part icu lar type s of account s . In a ledger the provi s ion of each head s are given at the top
and i t em wise expend i ture with in the head entered one af t e r the o ther.
Such ledger help s at any t ime to know at a glance balance s
avai lab le under each head . Even any trans f er or
2482 4 8
reappropriat ion of the budgeted provi s ion i s made under certa in c ir cumstance s in any head
o f expend i ture . Such change s are recorded in i t . The al locat ion regi s t er i s noth ing but the
l edger . Their form and funct ions are same but in l ibrary we cal l i t as a l locat ion regi s t e r,
wherea s te chnical ly i t i s known as the ledger.
613 GENERAL INVOICE REGISTER
General invo ice regi s t er i s the record of each voucher and invoice of an
in s t i tut ion. The ser ia l number o f the general invo ice regi s t e r i s t ermed as the voucher
number. Thi s number i s recorded throughout in every transact ion and record ing of
in s t i tut ions . Usual ly i t contain s fo l lowing in format ion.614 MONTHLY EXPENDITURE REGISTER
The s tat ement of month ly expendi ture i s qui t e use ful , s ince such a s t atement
helps operators o f each head o f expend i ture to know the late s t po s i t ion o f the ir grant s . It
may be made cumulat ive by adding the amount o f expend i ture recurrent ly for each month
and by working out the balance s . Such month ly expendi ture regi s t er i s noth ing but
cumulat ion
of each month ly expendi ture under each head . It contain s the fo l lowing co lumns .
Spec imen of Month ly Expendi ture Regi s t er
NAME OF LIBRARY YEAR ALLOCATION
MONTH YEAR EXPENDITURE
CUMULATIVE EXPENDITURE
BALANCE
SIGN-
ATURE
REMARKS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
APRIL 1989MAY 1989 etc .
e& sAtflfty gnu. m
Z &£ £
Salary bi l l regi s t er i s a deta i l ed document of the salar ie s drawn during a
part icu lar month . General ly, al l the entr i e s are made in salary bi l l regi s t er by the
univer s i ty of f i ce or i f i t i s made by any department of the univer s i ty l ibrary i t i s checked and
ver i f i ed by the account s department o f the univer s i ty of f i ce . This inc ludes
Pay, Dearnes s Allowance and al l other al lowances for which employee s are ent i t l ed and
thereaf t er total earn ing i s shown which i s known as gro s s total from which various
deduct ions l ike - loan, provident fund contr ibut ions , advance s and taxes to pay are
deducted from the gro s s salar i e s and remain ing net amount i s paid to the employees . In
Gujarat , almost a l l univer s i t i e s keep th i s record and payment to the employees for
their salar i e s are being made through banks and employees are given month ly pay s l ip s for
their knowledge. Hence univer s i ty l ibrary has to do noth ing in th i s re spect ,
because al l such salary record s are kept s by univer s i ty o f f i c e s in Gujarat .
1 8 G
7 AUDITING
The word "Audit' takes i t s origin from the Lat in word saudire' which mean s to
hear. Audit ing mean s an examinat ion of account s , books and the re la t ive documentary evidence
by an independent qual i f i ed per son in order to ascer tain the accuracy o f the f igure s appear ing
there in .
Thus audi t ing i s the examinat ion o f the s t atement s and record s , a lr eady prepared
by the management . The audit i s per formed in order to as cer ta in the accuracy, integri ty and
authori ty o f tho se s t atement s , record s and document s .The major funct ions of aud i t ing are :
(a) cr i t i ca l examinat ion and analys i s o f account s in order to as s e s s the i r accuracy and, of t en to detec t f raud; and
<b> cr i t i ca l examinat ion and analys i s o f an ac t ivi ty to check the e f f i c i ency, and o ft en to check secur i t y.
The audit report i s the authent i c document , through which authori t i e s whosoever
conf irm that the amount has been properly and lawful ly spent by an in s t i tut ion. There are
mainly two types o f aud i t s viz . Pre audit and Post aud i t .
71 PRE AUDIT
Pre audit i s the revi ew of the operat ions and record s undertaken with in a
bus ines s or in s t i tut ion by a spec ial ly as s igned s taf f . General ly prior to making any payment s
of an in s t i tut ion whole bi l l s are checked and pas s ed for payment . In Gujarat al l
univer s i t i e s fo l low pre audi t
sy s t em, and almost al l univer s i t i e s have account s of f i ce s and Chartered Accountant s a s
they have suf f i c i ent exper i ence o f aud i t ing work.
All the payment s o f univer s i ty l ibrar i e s in Gujarat are being made through their
re spect ive un iver s i ty Off ic e s and prior to making any payment by the univer s i ty i t i s being pre
audi ted which helps in keep ing check on any fraud , or misappropr iat ion.
72 POST AUDIT
A post aud i t i s a cr i t i ca l revi ew of the way in which a pro jec t was carr i ed out and i s
undertaken when the pro jec t i s completed . Post aud i t i s done by ext ernal body may be
Chartered Accountant s , Government or Local Fund Account s or Publ ic Account s Commit tee .
In Gujarat un iver s i t i e s po s t aud i t i s being done by the s t ate government and Local Fund
Account s department .
REFERENCES
335 WHITE (Car l M). A Survey of the Univer s i ty o f Delh i Library. Delh i , Univer s i ty o f Delh i , 1965. p 85.
336 UGC (UK), Commit tee on Librari e s , (1963) (Chairman : Thomas Parry) . Report . London, HMSO, 1967, P 148.
337 RANDALL (WM) and GOODRICH (FLD). Princip le s of Col lege Librar ie s admini s t rat ion. Chicago , Univer s i ty o f Chicago pre s s , 1941. p 43 - 44.
338 LYLE (GR). The admini s t rat ion of Col lege Library. New York, Wil son, 1961. P 323.
339 GELFAND (MA). Univer s i ty Librari e s for developing countr ie s . Unes co , 1971. p 137.
2522 5 2
340 SYPHER (Wylie) . Views on the fe e s po l icy, In: Col l eg e and re search 1ibrary 13 (1952). P 295 - 96.
341 INDIAN EDUCATION COMMISSION (1964-65) (chairman : D. S. Kothary). Report , educat ion and nat ional development . Delh i , Manager of Publ icat ions , 1966. p 287.
342 UGC (UK). Op.Cit . (2) p 151.
343 INDIAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION Recommendat ions of the 17th All India Library Conference . Indore. (27 - 30th Dec.1968), p 1.
344 SEMINAR ON NATIONAL POLICY ON UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES Recommendat ions in ILA Bui le t in 22 (3-4)0ct .1986 -March 1987. p 167.
345 WHITE (Car l M) op.c i t . (1). p 85.
346 RANGANATHAN (SR). Library development plan . In Library See ince with s lant to documentat ion (1)
1964, P 300.
347 RANGANATHAN (SR). Academic Library System In s Library Science with s lapt to documentat ion 2 (1965), P 319.
348 UGC (UK), op.c i t . (2). P 150.
349 UGC (India) . Univer s i ty and Col lege Librari e s . New Delh i , UGC, 1965. PP 72-73t19.
350 UGC (UK), op.c i t . (2). P 151.
253
CHAPTER 5
LIBRARY SERVICES
351 Introduct ion
352 Library hour s
353 Technica l servi ce s
354 Clas s i f i ca t ion
355 Cataloguing
356 Binding
357 Stock ver i f i cat ion
358 Reprography
4 Reader's servi ce s
41 Circulat ion
411 Membersh ip
359 Reference se rvice
360 Bi1iograph ica l servi ce
361 Documentat ion service
362 Informat ion s ervi ce
254
CHAPTER 5_
LIBRARY
SERVICES
1 INTRODUCTION
fhe univer s i ty l ibrary has i t s objec t ive s ,a ims , and
to ful f i l i t l ibrary has s ta f f , co l le c t ion, bui ld ing,
f inance, everyth ing which are required for i t . Though the
ques t ion ar i s e s that which act iv i ty l ibrary has to per form to
make l ive a univer s i ty l ibrary. Answer o f i t i s very s imple ,
only i t s servi ce s can make l ibrary al ive . As
univer s i ty l ibrary i s the heart of the univer s i ty s imilar ly the heart o f the l ibrary i s i t s
s ervi ce s ,which makes l ibrary a l ive in s t i tut ion.Library can never keep i t s ex i s t ence in the
soc ie ty without i t s servi ce s . The most important se rvice a univer s i ty l ibrary can
per form for i t s u ser s i s to have lea s t inconven ience to them as l i t t l e as po s s ib l e in
their use o f co l l ec t ions . Library s ervi ce s are broad ly d ivided into two: technica l
s ervi ce s and reader's se rvice s .Technical service s are al so known as the se rvice beh ind
the curtain . In a s imple way technica l s ervi ce s are the preparat ion for
provid ing bet t er reader se rvice , which inc lude, acqui s i t ion of read ing mater ial s ,
c la s s i f i ca t ion, cataloguing, bind ing, s tock taking, weed ing out of read ing mater ial s
reprograph ic se rvice s etc . On the other s ide , c ir cu lat ion techniques , re f er ence
s ervi ce , bib l iograph ica l service s , documentat ion service s , and in format ion s ervi ce s are
covered under reader s
255
s ervic e s . The service s of the l ibrary can be judged , when cl iente l e get the i r document s
which they want from the l ibrary. Library servi ce s are direc t ly re la ted to ;
(a) Phys ical fac i l i t i e s : Bui ld ing and equipment ,
locat ion o f l ibrary, i t s funct ional i sm,
hour s of 1 i br ar y;
Cb) Technical se rvice s : acqui s i t ion of read ing mate r ial s , c la s s i f i ca t ion, cataloguing,
f ind ing, reprography etc . ; and
(c) Readers se rvi ce s : c i rcu lat ion, re f er ence , bibl iograph ical , documentat ion,
in format ion, inter l ibrary loan servi ce .
One may say that l ibrary service i s the tr in i ty o f phys ical fac i l i t i e s , t echnical
service s and reader s se rvice s . So far as the phys ical fac i l i t i e s are concerr fe they wil l be
di s cu s sed in chapter seven Library bui ld ings . Similar ly inter l ibrary loan i s covered in^
chapter s ix Library co-operat ion.
2 LIBRARY HOURS
Library opening hours hava no direct re lat ion with the l ibrary s ervi ce s , but
mainly service s which are covered under reader s service s are concerned with the l ibrary
opening hours . It should be more appropriate to say that the l ibrary service s are more
e f f ec t ed by the l ibrary opening hours . Books are for use'and NEvery reader hi s book
impl i e s that
256
l ibrary has to keep i t s doors open for max imum hours in such a way that the s e two laws
can be sat i s f i ed . It al so impl i e s that l ibrary should remain open during day t ime, so that
us er s can use the ir l ibrary. The succe s s of the l ibrary service depend s upon opening hour s
of l ibrary. Prac t ica l ly opening hour s of the univer s i ty l ibrary depend s upon the
avai lab i l i ty of s t af f and read ing habi t s o f the univer s i ty community.These two major
factor s a f f ec t the l ibrary opening hours .
There i s no uni form t iming o f the un iver s i ty l ibrary opening hour s in Gujarat .
From l ibrary to l ibrary var iat ions are found in their opening hours . Natural ly, above
ment ioned factor s are re spons ib le for that in the s tat e .
Out o f s ix univer s i ty l ibrar i e s in Gujarat three remain open for fourteen
hours a day i .e . from 8.00 A.M. to 10-00 P.M. they are: The M.S.
Univer s i ty l ibrary, Gujarat Univer s i ty Library and S.P. Univer s i ty Library. Bes ide s that
the M.S. Univer s i ty of Baroda provides read ing and curr iculum fac i l i t i e s for thei r under
graduate s tudent s in another newly construct ed bui ld ing, having capac i ty of provid ing 1250
seat s to s tudent s at a t ime and their t imings are the same. Similar ly,
Gujarat Univer s i ty l ibrary i s al so provid ing read ing room fac i l i t i e s in the
c i ty area viz . Haj i pura Garden, Saraspur, and Khokhara Ahmedabad, where
150 student s can s i t at a t ime. Their t imings are al so same as the Gujarat Univer s i ty
Library. During May and June af t e r the univer s i ty examinat ions , the M.S. Univer s i ty
Library, Gujarat Univer s i ty
257
Library, and S.P. Univer s i ty keep open from 11.00 A.M. to 5.30 P.M.
South Gujarat Univer s i ty Library keeps open for twelve hours a day i . e . 9.00
A.M. to 9.00 P.M. Sauras t ra Univer s i ty l ibrary remain opens for nine hours a day i .e .
8.30 A.M. to 5.30 P.M. Bhavnagar Univer s i ty l ibrary remains open for e l even hour s a day
i .e . 9.00 A.M. to 8.00 P.M. and dur ing summer i . e . May and June i t opens for s ix and
hal f hour s a day i .e . 11.00 A.M. to 5.30 P.M. Where there i s a s ta f f o f only 21 person and
the l ibrary i s headed by as s i s t ant l ibrar ian , such s i tuat ions do not al low them to keep the
l ibrary open for longer hours a day.
3 TECHNICS SERVICES
The proce s s which the l ibrary does prior to books reach ing she l f
from book shop i s known as the technica l proce s s . This include s books
se l ec t ion, acqui s i t ion, acce s s ioning, c las s i f i cat ion, cataloguing and so on. All the se
operat ions are technica l which only pro fe s s ional can per form. General ly, reader s are
not aware or al l the se technica l s ervi ce s and their importance in the l ibrary, only they
enjoys i t s frui t s . The technical se rvice s are the foundat ion of reader s se rvice s ,
thus the succe s s o f reader's se rvice s and l ibrary programmes are so ley dependent on the
e f f i c i ency of the technical se rvice s . There may be some d i f f er ence s in the
detai l ed work o f the se te chnical service s f rom l ibrary to l ibrary, even though the bas ic
work l ike
258
c la s s i f i ca t ion, cata loguing, bind ing, photography,
reproduct ion etc . are common in technica l s ervi ce s .
31 CLASSIFICATION
The foundat ion of l ibrary i s the book and foundat ion o f 1 ibrar iansh ip i s the
c la s s i f i ca t ion, hence i t i s the prime duty of l ibrar ian and the pr ime nece s s i ty o f technical
s ervi ce s . Clas s i f i cat ion aims to d i f fu se the un iver se of knowledge and arrange them in a
sy s t emat ic helpfu l order, by which l ibrary provides f ixed seat to each document on l ibrary
shelve s with i t s re lat ed sub jec t s . The major important s chemes of c la s s i f i ca t ion which are in use
are as under;
363 Dewey Decimal c la s s i f i ca t ion (Melvi l Dewey)
364 Univer sa l Decimal c las s i f i cat ion (F I D)
365 Library of congres s c las s i f i cat ion
366 Subject c las s i f i cat ion (J D Brown)
367 Expan s ive c las s i f i cat ion (C.A.Cutter)
368 Bibl iograph ic c las s i f i cat ion (H.E. Bli s s)
369 Colon clas s i f i cat ion (S.R. Ranganathan)
370 Rider's Internat ional c la s s i f i ca t ion (Fremount Rider)
Although there are many s chemes of l ibrary clas s i f i cat ion, the world's major
l ibrar ie s are us ing Dewey Decimal c la s s i f i cat ion s cheme. In India al so i t i s widely used .
Though Colon Clas s i f i cat ion i s of an Indian origin very few univer s i ty l ibrar ie s are us ing
i t .
1 9 G
During inquiry in the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in Gujarat pertain ing t o which
s cheme o f c la s s i f i ca t ion do they fo l low in their l ibrary, i t has found that except the M.S.
univer s i ty l ibrary al l univer s i ty l ibrar i e s in the s t ate fo l low the Dewey Dec imal
c la s s i f i ca t ion. The M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary fo l lows the Library of Congre s s c la s s i f i cat ion
s cheme. It shows that a lmost a l l un iver s i ty l ibrar ie s in Gujarat fo l low enumerat ive
c la s s i f i ca t ion s chemes in the s tat e , because of the ir cont inuous revi s ions and s impl i c i ty and
eas ine s s .
32 CATALOGUING
Library catalogue i s the mirror o f the l ibrary hold ings . It act s a s
the guide in ident i fy ing the locat ion o f document in the l ibrary to i t s us er s . Keeping
in view the aims and object ive s and the foundat ions o f the cata logue i t i s most
e s s ent ial to have up to date l ibrary catalogue. The clas s i f i cat ion provides f ixed placement
to document s on the she lve s o f the l ibrary which repre sent the thought content o f a
document .The cla s s i f i cat ion shemes fo l lowed by the l ibrary are somet imes not wel l aware
regard ing their subjec t : 'they mere ly know the t i t l e o f document , author o f a document ,
or ser ie s of a document or a subjec t of a document , or co l laborators
o f a document i f any. Such al t ernat ive approache s of the reader s can be
sat i s f i ed only with the up- t o -date cata logue . The c la s s i f i ca t ion ensure s the helpful
arrangement o f document s on the she lve s o f the l ibrary.The catalogue, accord ing
to Charle s Ami Cutter ( 1 ) should s erve the fo l lowing funct ions:
1 9 G 2 6 0
1. To enab le a per son to f ind a book of which ei ther
(a) the author \
(b) the t i t l e i s known
1 9 G
371 the subjec t /
372 To show what the l ibrary has
373 by a given author
374 on a given sub ject
375 in a given kind of l i t e rature
376 To as s i s t in the cho ice of a book Cg)
as to i t s ed i t ion
(h) as to i t s character" . To catalogue a document i s to make a record of
i t s bibl iograph ical deta i l s viz , author, t i t l e , ed i t ion co l le c t ion,
s er i e s , place of publ icat ion, publ i sher and date o f publ icat ion and so on.
The l ibrary catalogue interpret s the document to reader.
Clas s i f i ca t ion o f book i s to d iagnose , what are i t s content s and to
as s ign i t s place in the l ibrary on the bas i s o f the c las s i f i cat ion
s cheme fo l lowed by l ibrary. Clas s i f i ca t ion al so invo lve s in choos ing an
appropriat e subjec t head ing for a subjec t catalogue. As regard s the phys ical
format of the l ibrary cata logue i s concerned , in Indian un iver s i ty
l ibrar ie s most ly card form of catalogue i s used . Mainly l ibrary
catalogues are o f two type s ; dic t ionary and c las s i f i ed .
Dict ionary catalogue cons i s t s of al l entr i e s arranged in s ingle
a lphabet i ca l s equence i .e . author, t i t l e , and subjec t as word s in
a d ic t ionary. Whereas in c la s s i f i ed cata logue ent ire are arranged
accord ing to the scheme o f c la s s i f i ca t ion, which i s
1 9 G
fol lowed by l ibrary. Usual ly i t i s supplemented by an author, t i t l e catalogue and
alphabet ical subjec t cata logue .
In Gujarat , the M.S. Univer s i ty l ibrary, Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary and S.P.
univer s i ty l ibrary fo l lows Amer ican Library Assoc iat ion cata loging rule s of 1948. Sauras t ra
univer s i ty, South Gujarat univer s i ty and Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrar ie s fo l low cla s s i f i ed
cata loging code of Dr. Ranganathan.
Library i s the se rvice in s t i tut ion, irre spect ive o f which scheme of
c las s i f i cat ion or cataloguing code a part icubblar l ibrary fo l lows . But how much
t ime usual ly a l ibrary takes to proce s s the books af t e r the i r arr ival , and make them
read i ly avai lable to i t s us er s i s more important . In Gujarat , the M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary,
Sauras t ra Univer s i ty l ibrary, South Gujarat Univer s i ty l ibrary and Bhavnagar
univer s i ty l ibrary take two weeks to proce s s the books . Whereas S.P.
univer s i ty l ibrary take s three weeks to proce s s books , and Gujarat Univer s i ty l ibrary
takes one month to proce s s the books .
33 BINIDNG
The books which are f requent ly used would be damaged and wartnout . Bes ide s
that some care l e s s c l i ente l e , book-worms and in sec t s and some other factor s l ike exce s s ive
heat , humid i ty, darknes s , dus t and l ight are al so dormant enemie s of books , which damage
and harm them.
265
Library subscr ibe s per iod ical s some of which are reta ined by the univer s i ty
l ibrary. Some may have la s t ing value in re s earch . For th i s reason repai r o f damaged
books and bind ing i s a s soc iat ed with the l ibrary. Some t imes varia t ions the pric e s of hard
bound and paper bweks are much more. In a country l ike India where l ibrar ie s are
fac ing f inanc ia l cons t raint s i t would be advi s eabl e to purchas e paper back books and get
them bound through binder which wil l be cheaper , and l ibrary money can be saved .
Thus keep ing in view the nece s s i ty o f bind ing in a l ibrary i t would be more
advi se rabl e to have bindery in the univer s i ty l ibrary i t s e l f , for the fo l lowing rea sons?
377 Binding co s t would be cheaper than the commerc ia l bindery;
378 Uni form bind ing work wil l be avai labl e;
379 Minor repair ing of books can be done quickly which saves major damage o f a
book; and
380 Better and quick se rvice s are avai labl e .
In general , when the vo lume of bind ing work i s large enough so that i t i s cheaper
for the l ibrary to do i t s own than to send i t out , e s t abl i shment o f a l ibrary bind ing
department should be cons idered .
The head of the bindery should obvious ly be throughly acquaint ed with al l
phase s of bind ing work and he should be capab le of organiz ing and direct ing the work of
subord inat e s . A detai led programme should be drawn up, spec i fy ing the scope and nature of
ac t ivi t i e s . The d irec t ions of l ibrar ians to fo l low in preparing mater ia l s to be sent to the
bindery, the
2 6 6 0 2 6 6
schedul ing o f the work to ensure that mater ial s in heavy demand are not with -drawn from the
book s tock premature ly and the s tandard s and spec i f i cat ions which the bindery wil l be expected
to meet . Where l ibrar ie s have their own binderie s , i t i s cus tomary to as s ign to them re la ted
ac t ivi t i e s such as mending and repair ing,and prepar ing s l ip s , laminat ion and rehab i l i t at ion of
fragi le document s et c .
The bind ing programme i s al so important where the l ibrary use s a commercial
binder. Arrangement s need to be made in advance to ensure that al l mater ia l s are properly
prepared , that the in s t ruct ions are mutual ly acceptab le to the bindery and l ibrary and that the
work wil l be done accord ing to certa in schedule s , s t andard s and spec i f i ca t ions (2) .
If there i s a bindery in the l ibrary, books which do not require bind ing, s t i l l
need to undergo var ious kind s o f preparat ion before they are placed on the she lve s , l ike ,
pas t ing of monograms , book pocket s , abel s , e t c . These can be doen in the bindery ef fec ient ly.
None other than the M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary have thei r own bindery in Gujarat .
Binding sec t ion i s looked af t e r by ski l l ed binder as the head and another two semi sk i l l ed
worker s are helping in bind ing even though th i s bind ing sec t ion i s not su f f i c i ent to meet a l l
the requirement s of l ibrary. They al so depend on the commercia l bindery. The ab sence of
bindery in al l the other univer s i ty l ibrar i e s in Gujarat expect the ir l ibrar ian s to be
vigi lant to se e that
2 6 7 0
the commerc ia l binder s do work as per the spec i f i cat ions o f the l ibrary e f f i c i ent ly and in
t ime.
34 STOCK VERIFICATION
Stock ver i f i cat ion i s a s s ent ia l in the l ibrary not
.only to f ind out how many books have been lo s t during . the spec i f i c t ime but to f ind out not
traceable document s . Thi s a l so helps in in spect ing the condit ion of the s tock of l ibrary's
read ing mater ial which helps the l ibrary to take npc so sary s t eps for the longer pre servat ion of
read ing mater ia l s . However, the authori t i e s o f each l ibrary treat read ing mater ia l s a s dead
s tock i t ems and makes the l ibrar ians re sponi sb le for the lo s s o f books; with th i s and due to
many other reasons l ibrar ian general ly avo id s s tock taking ac t ivi t i e s .
An annual s tock taking i s not the univer sal pract i ce . At leas t once in a
year a l ibrary should put i t s house in order, making sure that i t s books are
al l traceabl e and al l in order and that i t s various record s and catalogues are
accurat e . Thus to keep a l ibrary up- to -date annual ly or per iod ical ly i t i s
nece s sary to take the s tock o f l ibrary. All sort s o f errors creep into a l ibrary sy s t em
and such an in spect ion cons t i tute s an es s ent ia l spr ing cl ean af t er each academic year and
in keeping ready for the next . It al so helps in weed ing out o f read ing
mater ial s and keep ing rare books in s eparate co l l ec t ions .
Only in the M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary vide their
2 6 8 0
ord inance NO. 39 (iv) a provi s ion has been mede for taking s tock that , the univer s i ty
l ibrar ian shal l make arrangement s to take s tock of books and period ical s every three 'year s
and maintain up to date the catalogue of books and period ica l s in the l ibrar i e s . He shal l
report to the Library Commit te e in the mat ter. The l ibrary commit tee shal l take whatever
act ion they deem f i t on the report .
Guarat univer s i ty has a l so del egated powers to i t s Library Commit te e to wri t e
o f f unserviceab le or otherwis e use l e s s read ing mater ial s , vide their ord inance no. 28(i i) .
Simi lar i s the po s i t ion in S.P. Univer s i ty and South Gujarat un iver s i ty. Sauras t ra and
Bhavnagar Univer s i t i e s have given power to thei r Library Commit tee to wri t e o f f books lo s t
during any year o f the value not exceed ing Rs.1000/- af t e r ho ld ing nece s sary inquiry and
shal l report the mat ter to the syndicate .
While inquir ing that , do you undertake s tock tak ing work regular ly ? Three
univer s i ty l ibrary answered yes . They are the M. S. univer s i ty l ibrary, S.P.
univer s i ty l ibrary and South Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary, whereas Gujarat Univer s i ty
l ibrary, Sauras t ra Univer s i ty l ibrary and Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary
are not tak ing s tock regular ly. As ment ioned above , the M.S.
univer s i ty l ibrary takes s tock every three years , S.P. univer s i ty l ibrary takes s tock every
s even year s , and South Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary once in more than 2
year s . Bes ide s Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary has taken s tock in 1975 but not
ment ioned regard ing the lo s s of
2 6 9 0
books . The M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary have found 14,996 books lo s t during their las t s tock
ver i f i ca ton and they have been wri t t en of f . S.P. univer s i ty l ibrary have found 829 books
lo s t during their las t s tock ver i f i caion and they have been wri t t en of f .
It i s al so important for the l ibrary to take advi s e o f the Book Select ion
Commit te e or the subjec t expert s regard ing nece s s i ty o f procurement of lo s t books to keep
their l ibrary co l l ec t ion balanced .
35 REPROGRAPHY
Every univer s i ty l ibrary now has a photocopying mach ine , and
the fac i l i ty o f such mach ines to reproduce quickly and convenient ly per f ec t
copie s o f part s of books , per iod ical ar t ic le s , and document s and record s , has caused a
minor revo lut ion. It has revo lut ionized l ibrry service s , e spec ial ly inter
l ibrary loans . To have a photocopy made of an ar t ic le from a journal i s of t en
very much l e s s t rouble some than borrowing i t . As far as scho lar s and re s earcher s
are concerned i t has removed the chore of manual trans cr ipt ion.
It has al so increa sed the avai labi l i ty of text s for teach ing purpo se s . It has had
i t s e f f ec t , too , on l ibrary rout ine s ; al l sort s o f record s ( l i s t o f overdue s .
cata logue record s etc .) can be manufactured eas i ly in any number o f copie s
(3).
Similar ly, micro f i lming o f a document has a l so
revo lut ionized the l ibrary service s . The rare books or
2 0 32 0 3
important manuscr ipt s , big chart s maps , e t c . are produced in a micro form through opt i ca l
reduct ion methods and can be read as wel l as copy i t on plain paper through some
enlarg ing equipment . Known as micro form reader or micro form reder cum printer. Such
equipment s are avai labl e al l over the world . Micro form of a documentcan be in form of
micro f l im, micro f i che and micropr int .
The microphotography has fo l lowing advantages ;
381 It i s u se fu l method o f sat i s fy ing inter l ibrary loan reques t ;
382 It reproduces a copy o f the publ icat ion of which i s co s t ly and di f f i cu l t to get orig inal one;
383 It saves space , t ime and money;
384 It i s u sed as medium of in format ion s torage , and retr i eval; and
385 Copie s of important and rare document s can be s tored sa fe ly and eas i ly.
The UGC Library Commit tee was wel l aware about the advantage of
photograph ic equipment and i t s us e in the l ibrar i e s in 1965, i t has expre s s ed i t s views, "IN
due cour se , apparatu s for photograph ic and other forms o f reprograph s of document s may
become nece s sary in each univer s i ty. It wil l be needed to supply photo stat micro- f l im and
other forms o f reprograph ic copie s on demand to both the re s earch workers in the univer s i ty
i t s e l f and out s ide"(4) .
But the major problem with the reprograph ic s ervi ce in some l ibrar ie s i s
f inanc ia l contro l because in pract ice to provide f ree se rvi ce to their univer s i ty academic and
admini s t ra t ive community creat e s someth ing o f a run away
2 0 4
library budget . Other l ibrar i e s make s tandard charge s per sheet equal to market rate ; some
l ibrar i e s keep d i f f er ent charges for di f f er ent types o f reader s as wel l a s copying of
document . Similar ly i f a document i s of the l ibrary . the ir charges would be lower, and i f
i t i s private then i t would be high ly charged . In al l , the se prac t ic e s are for the bet t er us e
of the l ibrary re source s .
Bes ide s al l th i s , i t i s an es s ent ia l se rvi ce to the reader s , and an adequate and
ef f i c i ent photocopying equipment for us e of univer s i ty l ibrar ie s should be made avai labl e . The
reprograph ic mach ines should be of suf f i c i ent capac i ty to meet the need of univer s i ty l ibrary
and i f i t i s nece s sary to operate i t a spec ial ly ski l l ed technica l per son should be appointed to
handle i t , or provide train ing to l ibrary s taf f .
IN Gujarat , the M.S. Univer s i ty l ibrary, Gujarat Univer s i ty l ibrary, S.P.
univer s i ty l ibrary, Sauras t ra univer s i ty l ibrary and South Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary have
reprograph ic equipment s , mainly plain pape copie s and manual photocopying mach ines .
Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary has no reprograph ic equipment . Similar ly, micro f i lm reader s are
found in the M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary, Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary and Saurar s t ra univer s i ty
l ibrary.
4 READER'S SERVICES
The work beh ind the s creen o f a l ibrary i s noth ing but , the preparat ion to
serve their c l i ente l e . Dix has r igh t ly s t ated that , " the bas i c t e s t o f the qual i ty of any
univer s i ty l ibrary i s i t s ab i l i ty to get into the hands of
2 02 0
the reader the book he want s when he want s i t , that th i s i s the f i r s t princ iple , and that
from it s t em near ly al l o f the th ings we do or ought to do in 1ibrar ie s "(5) . The univer s i ty
l ibrary read ing mater ia l s should be high ly acce s s ib le and eas i ly avai labl e for use by
al l members o f the univer s i ty
l ibrary, and as s i s t in locat ing the re ference and general read ing mater ia l s and in the
bet t e r us e o f l ibrary s ervi ce s
for their in format ion and re search .
The ex i s t ence o f the l ibrary 'is for the reader and
not to be the warehouse o f books . What I ever the act iv i ty
l ibrary per forms i s for the reader's or to make bet t e r
reader's se rvice s .
41 CIRCULATION
Lending of books to i t s c l i ente le i s the bas i c
funct ion o f the l ibrary. Library l end s the books to i t s
c l i ente le and i t a l so borrows books from other l ibrar ie s for
i t c l i ente l e . Thus l end ing and borrowing o f books in l ibrary
i s known as c ir cu lat ion.
I he c ir cu lat ion o f the l ibrary re f l ec t s the
co l le c t ions o f the l ibrary. Circulat ion counter rece ive s al l
the sugges t ions made by it s user s for improvement s or
apprec ia t ions o f l ibrary servi cce s . The cir cu lat ion servicei f
i s to fac i l i t at e phys i ca l acce s s to l ibrary mater ia l s and encourage the ful l e s t us e o f the
l ibrary for al l purpo se s o f the univer s i ty. Thi s impl ie s re spons ib i l i ty for the phys ical
cus tody o f the books , the ir accurate arrangement on the she lve s accord ing to the l ibrary
clas s i f i cat ion sy s t em, their
273
return to the she lve s af t er use by reader s , and for operat ing .an ef f i c i ent sy s t em of loans
and returns in accordance with e s tabl i shed rule s .
It i s a l so important to keep dai ly c i rculat ion s tat i s t i c s , which wil l be cumulat ed
month ly and at the end of year. These record s are o ft en helpfu l in determining the vo lume
and charact er o f us e of the l ibrary. It al so help s in wri t ing of f the lo s s o f books .
It i s al so improtant to know which charging sy s t em does the univer s i ty l ibrary
adopt s ? In a country l ike India two aspect s of charging sy s t em should be cons idered f i r s t of
al l to dec ide which charging sy s t em i s sui t ab le for the un iver s i ty l ibrary, how much co s t i s
invo lved in the organ i sat ion and adminimstrat ion of the charging sy s t em. Another one i s the
e f f i cency o f the charg ing sy s t em in the unver s i ty l ibrary. It i s a l so advi sabl e to give
pre f erence to such charg ing sy s t em which would be not much co s t i l er and improve reader's
service .
The ear l i er charg ing sy s t ems have been o f fo l lowing groups accord ing to their hi s tor ical
deve lopment; 1 . Ledger sy s t em
386 Dummy sys t em
387 Indicator sy s t em
388 Temporary s l ip sy s t em
389 Permanent s l ip or card sy s t em
Since, the midd le o f 19th century, 1ibrariansh ip has revo lut ionized the charg ing
sy s t em and improved the various
2 0 7 2 0 7
technique s in i t . Pre sent ly, fo l lowing charg ing sy s t ems are in operat ion in the
l ibrar i e s o f the world .
390 Browne charging sy s t em
391 Newark charging sy s t em
392 Detro i t charging sy s t em
393 Galord ele c t r i c -automat i c charging sy s t em
394 Token charg ing sy s t em
395 Dickman charging sy s t em
396 Photograph ic charging sy s t em
397 Audio-charg ing sy s t em
398 Visual charging sy s t em
399 Punch card charging sy s t em
400 Wayne country charg ing sy s t em
401 IBM circulat ion contro l sy s t em
402 Double record charg ing sy s t em
403 Coloured card charging sy s t em
404 Tab charg ing sy s t em
405 Double ca l l s l ip charging sy s t em
406 Circular ion (Acces s ion) number charg ing sy s t em
407 Computer bas ed charging sy s t em
For increa s ing the read ing capac i ty and for in s ta l l ing the hab i t to read among the
reader s o f the l ibrary, i t i s e s s ent ia l ly needed to have in the l ibrary a direc t acce s s to the
she lve s . Books in certain categori e s , i t i s now almost univer sal ly held , must be d irec t ly
acce s s ib l e to tho se who need them, and the re source s o f l ibrary planning and admini s t rat ion
should direc t them in get t ing their
2 0
8
des ired books . Now, nobody would contemplat e re fus ing reader s f ree a c c e s s to most of the
univer s i ty l ibrary books . It i s t rue that i t has i t s di sadvantages in re lat ion to arrangement of
books in the s t ack. But in the un iver s i ty l ibrary major approache s of the c l i ente l e are the
sub jec t s rather than the authors or t i t l e s .
In Gujarat , a l l univer s i ty l ibrai e s fo l low open acce s s sy s t em. Only the
M.S.Unive y l ibrary , Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary and Sauras t ra univer s i ty l ibrary fo l low^
part ial ly open acce s s . They wont al low under graduate s tudent s to d irec t ly reach the books in
their s t ack room, they have to f i l l up demand or requi s i t ion s l ip for books for get t ing them
i s sued for home read ing.
Simi lar ly, i t i s importent to know that how many t icket s have been i s sued to each
category of reader s and for how much t ime from the univer s i ty l ibrary. Fol lowing table
provides the s i tuat ion in the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in Gujarat .
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE BOOKS ISSUED TO VARIOVUS CATEGORY OF READERS AT A TIME AND FOR HON MUCH TIME
CATE60RY OF READERS
U N I V
E R
S I T
Y L I B
R A R
Y
H .
S . GUJARAT S .
P . SAURASTRA
SOUTH
BUJ. BHAVNAGAR
B D B D B D B D B D B 00 A 0 A 0 A 0 A 0 A 0 A0 Y 0 Y 0 Y 0 Y 0 Y 0 YK S K S K S K S K S K SS S S S S S
TEACHERS 6 15 30 NTL
6 15
20 NTL
30 lyr. 10 60
RESEARSH SCHOLARS
4 15 4 14 6 15
10 15 10 14 2 30
STUDENTS 2 15 2 14 2 15
2 15 3 14 2 30
ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF
2 15 20
NTL
2 NN
2 15 2 14 2 13
OTHER, IF ANY - -- -
2NN 2 15 2 14 - -
NOTE :- NTL »*0 TIME LIMIT NM * NOT MENTION
to3 CD
277
In Gujarat , the M.S. Univer s i ty l ibrary po s s e s s e s the higher number of books in
Gujarat , but surpr i s ingly, they i s sue lowes t number o f books to their facul ty members and
al so for minimum t ime i . e . 15 days . Same i s the po s i t ion in S.P.Univer s i ty l ibrary,
where as , the Gujarat Univer s i ty l ibrary, Sauras t ra Univer s i ty l ibrary i s sue 30 and 20
books re spect ive ly for no t ime l imit . South Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary i s sue s 30 books for
one year to their teacher s .
Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary i s sue s 10 books to thei r facul ty members for 60
days . The l ibrary commit tee of the M.S.Univer s i ty o f Baroda and S.P. Univer s i ty,
which makes the rul e s for governing the l ibrary must have thought care ful ly in th i s regard .
The heighes t number o f books being i s sued at a t ime to re search s cho lar s in the s t ate i s
by Sauras t ra un iver s i ty l ibrary i .e . 10 books for 15 days . It i s qui t e intere s t ing,
and other univer s i ty l ibrar ie s have to s tudy the real need of the re search scho lar s
for the books , and sub sequent ly i t should be increas ed accord ing to the
requirement of the re s earch s cho lar s . As teach ing and re search are the
two prime funct io s of the univer s i ty i t i s the duty of the univer s i ty l ibrary to
provide max imum fac i l i t i e s in the l ibrary in promot ion o f the se funct ions .
Now it would be more appropriat e to examine the c irculat ion of the univer s i ty
l ibrar ie s in Gujarat . The fo l lowing s tat ement provides the number of books i s sued by a l ibrary
during each year.
278TABLE 34
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF NUMBER OF BOOKS ISSUED BY A LIBRARY IN A GIVEN YEAR
YEAR U N I V E R S I T Y L I B R A R Y
M . S . GUJARAT S . P . SAURASTRA SOUTH GUJARAT BHAVNAGAR
1955 NA 2374 - - - -
1960 285855 12935 10956 - - -
1965 307931 25455 32935 - - -1970 '318045 45366 33395 4638 3596 -1975 342827 58523 59870 7272 10616 -1980 311664 47538 50970 13476 2530B 938
31985 386261 37593 99571 25549 27143 945
11987 394963 35963 111473 27978 30478 112
53
NOTE : - NA= NOT AVAILABLE
279
The above s t at i s t i c s re f l e c t that , the M.JF.Univer s i ty l ibrary,
which i s sue s l e s s books at a t ime to their teacher s for 15 days shows that the ir
c ir cu lat ion o f books i s found heigher than the other univer s i ty l ibrar i e s in Gujar at .Except
the year 1980 the number o f books i s sued per year i s cont inuous ly increa s ing ,
al though dur ing s tat ed per iod increas ing number of enro lment and member sh ip al so
e f f ec t i t . On the o ther s ide , in Gujarat Univer s i ty l ibrary the c irculat ion of books i s
cont inuous ly decreas ing, say 58,523 in 1975 47,538 in 1980 and 37,593 in *
1985, and 35963 in 1987. It i s indeed supri s ing that when co l le c t ion of books and
the enro lment o f the s tudent s in the univer s i ty and (Tiembership are increa s ing
every year, at the same t ime the c i rculat ion o f books i s dec l in ing. This s i tuat ion require s
a s tudy o f th i s and to implement sui tabl e measure s for increas ing the
read ing habi t s among the univer s i ty community.
411 MEMBERSHIP
Library ex i s t s for provid ing s ervi ce s to i t s reader s . Usual ly, univer s i ty l ibrary
gives membersh ip to thei r facul ty members , t eacher s of the af f i l i at ed co l lege s , re search s cho lar s
of the univer s i ty, s tudent s o f the un iver s i ty and af f i l ia t ed co l lege s , admini s t ra t ive s t af f o f tha
univer s i ty and members of the excut ive counci l s , and
TABLE 352 8 0
civi l ian s on the recommendat ion of the excut ive counci lor s or o f the teacher s o f a
univer s i ty.
So far as the l ibrary servi ce s are concerned , the membersh ip and the
c irculat ion of books are the twin s i s t e r s ,and they are interdependent on each
other. For the encourgement of the se two, l ibrary co l l ec t ion, e f f i encey of l ibrary
s taf f , locat ion o f l ibrary bui ld ing and opening hours of the l ibrary are more important .
It seems that , l ibrary must have r ich co l lec t ion in almost al l the sub jec t s taught in
the un iver s i ty and in the sub jec t s , in which re s earches are be ing conducted in the
univer s i ty. Here e f f i c i ency of the i t af f in re lat ion to the technica l se rvi ce s means
that a l ibrary must have up to date cata logue , books are properly c las s i f i ed accord ing
to se t s cheme of c las s i f i cat ion and they are arranged proper ly on the she lve s o f the
l ibrary s tack which must be neat and clean, the should not be dust on books or she lve s .
The l ibrary i s to be centra l ly locat ed in the campus and c lo s e to al l teach ing
department s and their laborator ie s . Similar ly l ibrary should remain open
for max imum hours d-ar ing day t ime. All these factor s af fec t the l ibrary membersh ip
and cr iculat ion o f books .
Fol lowing tab le wil l provide growth in the membersh ip in the univer s i ty
l ibrar i e s o f Gujarat .
TABLE 35
COMPARATIVE GROWTH IN THE NUMBER OF MEMBERS IN THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN GUJRAT
YEAR
U N I V E R S I T Y L I B R A R Y
M . S . GUJARAT
S . P .
SAURASTRA SOUTH GUJARAT
BHAVNAGAR
1955 1472 568 - - -I960 7091 2309 NA - - -1965 8959 4833 1793 - -1970
8967 9360 3884 819 NA-
1975
9394 11790 2649 558 957-
1980
9155 13510 3437 743 1085 531
1985
11510 14517 5392 977 1564 634
1987
11627 12449
6772 1238 2096 958
NOTE s - NA= NOT
TABLE 352 8 2
AVAILABLE
TABLE 35
Table th ir ty f ive ind icate the growth in membersh ip in the univer s i ty**
l ibrar ie s in Gujarat . In Gujarat , Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary i s having the highes t number
o f member sh ip among al l the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s of the s t ate . During 1955 to 1987 it s
membersh ip increa sed by more than twenty two t imes from 568 in 1955 to 12,449 in
1987.
During 1955 to 1987 the M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary's member sh ip
increas ed more than s even t ime s , from 1472 in 1955 to 11,627 in 1987. S.P.
univer s i ty l ibrary's membersh ip was 1793 in 1965 and in 1987 it has reached to
6772, thus i t has increa sed more than three t imes during 1965 to
1987. Sauras t ra univer s i ty l ibrary membersh ip increas ed more than 1.5 t imes dur ing
1970 to 1987 from 819 to 1238 respect ive ly. South Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary's
membersh ip was 957 in 1975 and in 1987 it reached 2096, thus record ing an
increas e o f about 2.2 t imes dur ing the same per iod . Bahvnagar univer s i ty l ibrary
having membersh ip of 513 in 1980 reached to 958 in 1987, thus i t has
increas ed by 1.8 t imes during the same per iod .
HP ftErWNQg SERVICE
Reference se c t ion i s the hub o f the l ibrary i .e . a centre po int , from where
act iv i t i e s of l ibrary and reader s servi ce s are routed in the l ibrary. Reference se rvice i s to as s i s t
r eader s in al l l evel s to gain the l i t erature , us e of
2842 8 4
the l i t eratue and to help in get t ing l i t e r a t u e o r in fomat ion which they require .
Thus , re f erence s ervi ce i s t h e br idge between reader and book or in format ion.
Reference se rvie i s c lo s e ly re la ted to al l other servie s o f the l ibrary. It
part ic ipat e s in acqui s i t ion o f books by se l ec t ing re fe rence tool s for re fe rence sec t ion.
It as s i s t s reader s in the us e o f catalogues and i s , there fore , in a
po s i t ion to make sugges t ions in the technica l proce s s , b y ident i fy ing errors and
def ic ienc ie s o f the catalogue. I t has al so t o provide orientat ion to the new
members . Th u s , re f erence s ec t ion occupie s an important po s i t ion in re lat ion
t o the other sec t ions of the l ibrary.
Reference se rvice i n vo l v e s i
408 To help reder s t o make t h em f am i l i a r w i t h the re fe rence t o o l s and n a t u r e
o f l i b r a r y c o l l e c t i o n ;
409 To ini t ia t e and t o i n s t r u c t r e a d e r s i n t h e most e f f ec t ive m an n e r f o r
u t i l i s i n g l i b r a r y re sourece s , and
( c> To provide per sonal s e r v i c e s t o r e a d e r s , wh i c h i s ac tual ly an in formal
a n d p e r s o n a l a s s i s t a n c e in
interpret ing the l ibrary c o l l e c t i o n .
Moo k e r j e e and S en g up t a h a s e x p r e s s e d t h e i r views regard ing r e f e r e n c e
service i n a c a d em i c l i b r a r i e s i " I n big academic l ibrar i e s , part icular ly univer s i ty l ibrar i e s
re f er ence s ervi ce may be provided b y
285
( a ) a contro l re fe rence department in a general l ibrary bui ld ing;
410 a contro l re f erence department plus several divi s ional l ibrar ie s ;
411 decentral ized department s e i ther with in the central bui ld ing or in s eparate
departmental 1 ibrar ie s .
However the predominant type of organi sat ion i s s t i l l the centra l
re f erance se rvice a ided by speac ial read ing rooms and departmental l ibrar ie s " (6).
Whereas in smal l co l lage and univer s i ty l ibrar ie s re f er ence and ci rculat ion funct ions
may be combained in one department under a s ingl e l ibrar ian. This should be avo ided ,
i f po s s ib l e a s i t i s di f f i cul t to provide an adequate range o f re fe rence se rvice in such
cir cumstance s . Many l ibrar ie s have s eperat e re fe rence and c i rculat ion department s , the
head s of which report direc t ly to the ch ie f l ibrar ian. Larger l ibrar ie s may place
these department s in a d ivi s ion o f reader s servi ce s , in which he report s to the ch ie f 1 ibrar
ian " ( ,7).
In Gujarat , except Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary al l univer s i ty l ibrar i e s have
seperate re f erence se c t ions in their l ibrary. Although Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary has re fe rence
co l lec t ion, i t i s kept in the general s t ack room and no pro fe s s ional has been made incharge of
i t . The M.S. univer s i ty, S.P. univer s i ty, Sauras t ra univer s i ty and South Gujarat univer s i ty
l ibrar i e s provide ac t ive re f erence s ervi ce to their reader s ,whereas Bhavnagar
univer s i ty l ibrary
286
provides re fe ren ce s ervi ce only on demand.
There are two as s i s t ant l ibrar ians and two pro f fe s s ional a s s i s tant s in the Gujarat
univer s i ty l ibrary with Master s degree and B.Lib. Sc. degree re spect ive ly, a good re f erence
co l le c t ion which i s ly ing in the general s tack area . Such s i tuat ions require some urgent rad i ca l
changes ,because with good co l l ec t ion of books , qual i f i ed s t af f l ibrary lack s a seperate re fer ence
s ec t ion. With the re sul t i t s c ir cu lat ion of books i s found poor compared to other un iver s i ty
l ibrar ie s in the s tat e with the highes t number of membersh ip.
53 EIBUTORAPHIQAV S^RVltesA bibl iography i s a l i s t of read ing mater ial
i rre spect ive of the i r avai labi l i ty in a part icular l ibrary. It can be on any subject ,
or any per son or o f any t ime per iod . The f ir s t exper iment of compi la t ion o f
bib l iography o f world l i t erature was s t art ed by two non pro fe s s ional s Henry La
Fontain and Paul Qtle t in 1885.
During the ear ly days i t was po s s ib le for a scho lar to read al l the avai lab le
publ i shed and unpubl i shed mater ial in a subjec t which he wanted to s tudy. Because in tho se
days there were hard ly f ew works on a part i cu lar which were avai lab le . But due to explo s ion
o f a knowledge the read ing mater ial in the world i s increa s ing at an alarming rat e . There i s
t remendous growth o f l i t erature in each subjec t in every corner o f the world , so that human
l i f e i s too short to know even a sub jec t of hi s intere s t . Thes e f low of l i t e rature has
increas ed in qual i t at ive and quant i t at ive
287
measure s and even in the form of pre sentat ion too . Library i s the re s ervo ir of knowledge and
univer s i ty l ibrary i s no except ion to i t , and i t has to as s i s t in promot ion o f re search al so .
Now it i s e s s ent ia l that the univer s i ty l ibrary has to provide bibl iograph ical service s to as s i s t
the re s earcher s , through which l ibrary can save the t ime o f inte l l e c tual per sons o f the nat ion.
Bibl iograph ical se rvice s help in making maximum ut i l i sa t ion o f
l ibrary re source s . It i s general ly accepted that the univer s i ty l ibrary i s an act ive
part c ipant in the teach ing and learning programme at al l level s . All univer s i ty l ibrar ie s
have the duty to provide bibl iograph ica l se rvice nece s sary not only for subjec t
intere s t but al so for educat ion and deve lopment of whole univer s i ty body as human
be ings . In univer s i ty l ibrar ie s , the bibl iograph ical servi ce must be des igned in a
p r o p e r way, that the funct ions o f the bibl iograph ical se rvi ce s are to improve
user s ski l l in fru i t fu l use of the avai lab le re source s in that f ie ld o f intere s t ,
and to increa se user s abi l i ty to make in dependent use o f re source s avai lable in un iver s i ty
l ibrary.
In Gujarat , the M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary regular ly compil e s bibl iograph ie s every
year (ten to f i f t e en) and keep them in the re f erence se c t ion o f the l ibrary. They al so compil e
the l i s t o f avai labl e of bib l iograph ie s in thei r l ibrary and keep them upto date . It i s not
po s s ib le to enumerate al l the avai labl e bibl iograph ie s in the M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary. Some o f
them are h i s tory of Gujarat , Swami Vivekanand, Swami Shivanand, Aurobindo Gosh ,
Buddha,
288
Mahavira , h igher educat ion in India, soc ia logy o f educat ion, co t tagew indust r ie s in India,
text i l e t echnology development in India, Kal idas , examinat ions and educat ion, rubber
industry, mi l i tary sc ience , bus ine s s management , sc i ent i f i c methodology, adult and cont inuing
educat ion, naval s c ience s , economic and socia l growth o f Japan , books and art i c l e s on l ibrary
s c ience in Hindi and Gujarat i and so on, al though they have not publ i shed any bibl iography
so far .
South Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary and Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary compile
bib l iograph ie s on demand o f the ir c l i ent l e . Surpri s ingly, Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary which i s
one of the r i che s t l ibrary in Gujarat never undertook such bibl iograph ical compilat ion work
for their c l i ent le . Similar i s the s i tuat ion of S.P. un iver s i ty l ibrary and Sauras t ra un iver s i ty
l ibrary. It shows, that the se three univer s i ty l ibrar i s e s in Gujarat have not real i s e the
importance of bibl iograph ical s ervi ce s in re s earch and in extens ion o f knowledge at a l l , where
re search i s one o f the important funct ions of the univer s i ty.
44 PQCAffENTATigN, SERVICE
Documentat ion as def ined by Dr. S.R. Ranganathan, i s "Promot ion and
prac t ic e o f br inging into use of nas cent micro thought by spec ial i s t s , and pin-po inted ,
exhaust ive , exped i t ious servi ce o f nascent micro thought to spec ia l i s t s , in spi t e o f cont inuous
ever increas ing cascade of nas cent micro thought on an ever mult ip ly ing number of
spec ial iz e
289
sub jec t s , communicated through several thousand period ical s . It means that l ibrary
re source s are not only for general use , but i t i s for the spec ial i s ed one, and for them
l ibrary has to provide micro thought content avai lab le in publ i shed and unpubl i shed
source s . Mainly in un iver s i ty l ibrar ie s the re searcher s and the facul ty
members , who are engaged in re s earch work require such servi ce s . Parry
Commit te e has sugge s t ed that , "each univer s i ty l ibrary should do al l that i t can to
ensure that i t s re source s are ful ly known. The use o f data proce s s ing equipment should
eventual ly make i t eas ie r for an enquirer to gain in format ion, i f i t s impl i f i e s the use o f
the cata logue and encourages the product ion o f bibl iograph ie s and l i s t o f
var ious kind s . Never the le s s , in a rea l s en se each enquiry for in format ion wil l remain
unique and unable to be ant i c ipated , and ind ividual at t ent ion and d i scus s ion between
l ibrar ian and enquirer, wil l s t i l l in many cas e s be nece s sary "(8). Simi lar ly, Dr. Ranganathan
Commit te e , has al so emphas i s ed and recommended that , " the Univer s i ty Grant s
Commis s ion should bring home to the univer s i ty and co l lege authori t i e s the
importance o f documentat ion for re search and the nece s sary for having fu l l t ime
documental i s t pn the ir s ta f f "(9) .
Srivas tava and Verma have observed that , " al l the se propos i t ions have remain
theori t i cal and are only on p p e r . ^ The progre s s of the work down in th i s f i e ld or the
organi sat ions o f the se two s ec t ions (re f erence and documentat ion) in Indian univer s i ty
l ibrar i e s has remained far from sat i s fac tory "(10). Posi t ion in Gujarat i s almost
290
s ame as i t i s in the country. Only South Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary prepare s documentat ion
l i s t on demand. Whereas o ther univer s i ty l ibrar ie s do not undertake any type o f
documentat ion work l ike documentat ion l i s t s , indexes , abs t ract s , t ransala t ions , e t c . News paper
c l ipping service s are provided by the M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary, Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary and
Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary in Gujarat .
45 INFORMATION SERVI CE
Informat ion service can be def ined as , " the s tudy of recorded knowledge
and i t s t rans fer in the wides t sence " .Informat ion servi ce s have been most ly
developed in the re s earch and industr ial orgain sat ion. Because ever growing
publ i cat ions and the subjec t broad ly speaking lend themselve s for f ind ing
fact s , to s earch l i t e rature on behal f o f the laboratory sc i ent i s t or technologi s t . It
i s the duty of the in format ion of f i cer or in format ion s c ient i s t to invo lve
h imse l f in evaluat ion o f fact s by producing, ab s t ract bul le t in s , preparing serve s and
report s , c las s i fy ing and indexing document s and trans lat ions for
in format ion di s s eminat ion. thus in format ion plays a vi tal roal e in every sphere o f human
be ing. Educat ion and l i t eracy are the back bon of democracy. Hence the importance o f
in format ion can not be re s t r ic t ed to any one.
Univer s i ty department s are engaged in re s earch . They al so need the fact s o f
reas ent deve lopment s in their subjec t
291
of intre s t . Ear l i er i t was re s t r i c t ed to the re search and spec ia l l ibrary but
gradual ly the concept o f in format ion service spread to academic and publ ic l ibrar ie s .
Development s o f var iu s technique s invo lving in format ion se rvi s e l ike indexing ,
abs t ract ing and data proce s s ing and so on and with the development s of computer based
in format ion servi s e make univer s i ty l ibrary to provide in format ion servi s e s to their
c l i ente le . Once data base become avai lab le on l ine , the in format ion could be
obtain through terminal s in un iver s i ty 1ibrar ie s .Now, many un iver s i t i e s in India
have computer traning centre s . Univer s i ty l ibrar ie s can take help of them and input
their data in i t and keep one terminal with in l ibrary to easy acce s s o f in format ion
already s tored .
In Gujarat , no univerc i ty l ibrary provides in format ion servi ce s , al though
they have computer department in their
univer s i t i e s . It re f l ec t s that in format ion se rvi se i s a
luxury to univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in Gujarat .
REFERENCES
412 CUTTER (C A). Rule s for a dic t ionary cata logue . Wash ington
GPO, 1904, P.12
413 GELFAND (M A).Univer i s i ty Librari e s for developing Countr ie s .
UNESCO ,1971. pp. 107-108.
414 THOMPSON (J) . An introduct ion to univer s i ty l ibrary admini s t ra t ion.
Ed.3 London,Clive Bingely, p.122
415 UGC (India) , commit te e on univer s i ty and co l lege l ibrar i e s ,
(1957) (Chairman! S.R.Raganathan).Report .
256
New Delh i , UBC, 1965. P.56
DIX (W S) of f the arrangement o f books ,In: Col lege and re s earch l ibrar
i e s , 25(1) 1964, P.87 MOOKERJEE' (S K) and SENGUPTA
( B ) Library organi sat ion
and Library admini s t rat ion, Ed.2. Calcut ta , The world
Pres s .1977. p. 354.
Brown 's manual of l ibrary economy, Ed.7. Rewrit t en
by R.N.Lock. 1961. p. 141. UGC (UK) Commit te e Librar ie s (1963)
(Chairman? Thomas Parry), Report London, HMSO, 1967, P.123. UGC
(India) OP. c i t . (4). P.55
SRIVASTAVA (S N) and VERMA (S C). Univer s i ty Librari e s in
India . New Delh i , s t er1 ig ,1980. p. 218.
B R O W N ' S M A N U A L o f L i b r a r y E c o n o m y . E d 7 r ew . 1961 . p . 1 4 1 .
K AT Z ( W i l l i a m A ) : I n t r o d u c t i o n t o R e f e r e n c e W o r k . E d 4 . V 1 . N e w Y o r k , M c G r a w H i l l . 1 9 8 2 . p 4 2 .
U N E S C O : L i b r a r y o f C o n g r c s r . B i b l i o g r a p h i c a l S u r v e y . V I . P a r i s . U n e s c o . 1 9 5 0 .
T E J O M U R T Y ( A ) . o p c i t ( 1 5 ) . p 1 3 4 ,
U N I T E D K I N G D O M , U N I V E R S I T Y C H A N T S ( C o m m i s s i o n ) , L I B R A R I E S ( C o m m i t t e e ) ( 1 9 6 3 ) ( C h a i r m a n : T h o m a s P a r r y ) : R e p o r t . L o n d o n . H M S O . 1 9 6 7 . p 1 2 3 .
I N D I A , U N I V E R S I T Y G R A N T S ( C o m m i s s i o n ) . o p . c i t ( 9 ) . p 5 5 .
NAT I S : N a t i o n a l I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s : O b j e c t i v e s f o r N a t i o n a l a n d I n t e r n a t i o n a l A c t i o n . P a r i s . U n e s c o . 1 9 7 5 . p 1 .
256
CHAPTER 6_
LIBRARY CQ-QPERATIQN
416 Meaning
417 Need
418 Scope
31 Resource sharing
419 Inter Library Loan
420 Inter Library Study Fac i l i t i e s
34 Union Catalogue and Bib l iograph ie s
33 Co-operat ive Acqui s i t ion and Storage
421 Central ized and Co-operat ive cata loguing
422 National Co-operat ion
423 Internat ional Co-operat ion
4 Library Co-operat ion in India
424 Inter-1 ibrary Loans
425 Inter- l ibrary Study fac i l i t i e s
426 Union Catalogue and Bib l iograph ie s
427 Co-operat ive acqui s i t ion and Storage
428 Central ized and Co-operat ive Cataloguing
429 National Level
430 Internat ional Level
5 Library Co-operat ion in Gujarat
295
CHAPTER 6_
LIBRARY CT-
OPERATION
1 MEANING
In the nriodern t ime s , the concept of co-operat ion has bTscame popular
in the ninet eenth century. Increas ing spec ial izat ion in every sphere o f
human l i f e has af fe c t ed much to l ead us to the co-operat ion in ev-er f i e ld . And in ^
l ibrary , increas ing rate of growth of knowledge and revo lut ion in
pr int ing technology has made explo s ions in the product ion o f read ing mater ia l s in
quant i tat ive and in co s t o f publ i cat ion. With the re sul t , even the bigges t l ibrary o f the
world i s not ab le to acquire and manage al l publ i shed l i t erature in the world , nor
any l ibrary i s se l f suf f i c i ent to se rve al l the need s o f the ir reader s from their own s tock.
Ult imate ly, one can say, N no l ibrary can s tand alone '. Thus, l ibrary need s cooperat ion in
almost every bus ines s of i t . " Today there i s no l ibrar ian. . . who i s p r m p r m d ^ to say
that he has enough money for books , s ta f f and service s ; and even le s s l ike ly, i s there any
l ibrar ian, who would say that he has too much money for books or ser ia l s , s ta f f and
s ervi ce s " (1).
The Webste r's Third New Internat ional Dict ionary
def ine s the term, ' co-operat ion ' as an as soc iat ion of
per sons for their common, o f t en economic benef i t s of which
are shared; co l lec t ive act ion for common wel l being or
296
progre s s . " Similar ly Random House Dict ionary of Engl i sh Language interpret s i t as " an act
or in s tance o f working or ac t ion together for a common purpo se o f benef i t . "
So fai" as the l ibrar i e s are concerned , l ibrary co operat ion i s nece s sary to s erve
their c l i ente l e bet t e r with their l imited re source s and extens ive e f f i c i ent service .
2 NJEEJL
If the need for co-operat ion between univer s i ty l ibrar ie s was
evident then, the intervening year s have only served to emphas iz e the need . In the
word s of Parry Commit tee Report , " In e s t imat ing the e f f i c i ency of a
univer s i ty l ibrary one can make- the broad as se r t ion that i t should be ab le to meet
a l l the need s of undergraduate s from i t s own s tock; and as many as po s s ib l e of the
need s o f i t s re s earch worker s . . . . In view of the h igh ly- spec ia l iz ed nature of some of the
re search work done, the age and scarc i ty of some of the mater ia l s required in the
humanit ie s , and the ever increa s ing amount o f in format ion ( largely in per iod ica l
form and from fore ign countr i e s ) demanded in the s c ience s , no univer s i ty
l ibrary can contemplat e at ta in ing se l f - suf f i c i ency. This l imitat ion has always
been accepted by the l ibrar i e s , and mean s have been der ived for overcoming i t and
ensur ing that i t impose s minimum di sab i l i ty on the academic re s earcher s . . . .Now more
than ever , with the increas e in the number of academic people engaged in
re search and the mount ing co s t s of books and per iod ica l s , i t has become
297
nece s sary to explore al l the means whereby a un iver s i ty l ibrary can co-operat e with other
l ibrar ie s without impair ing i t s own ef f i c i ency - indeed with a view to extend ing and
improving i t s own servi ce s . " (2)
Simi lar ly, there i s no one l ibrary in which a reader could f ind everyth ing he
might require; and i f there were, only an in f in i t e s imal proport ion o f reader s could go there .
If any reader s , any where , might need any book how can he get ? The an swer to i t i s only
through cooparat ion.Gel fand has al so s t re s s ed on l ibrary co-operat ion by s tat ing, " even the
larges t l ibrary must engage in co-operat ion act iv i t i e s to augment their re source s , for to -day i t
i s impos s ib l e for any l ibrary to be ab so lute ly comprehens ive in al l f i e ld s " . ( 3 )
Part icular ly, when India i s a deve loping country where re source s are very
l imited i t i s nece s sary what the univer s i ty l ibrar i e s have to co-operate in order to
provide bet t e r se rvice s t c i t s us er s . It i s impos s ib le to encourage inter l ibrary act iv i ty
as much as po s s ib l e among al l type s of 1 ibrar ie s .
Fol lowing are the factor s , which may have emphas i s more on the need of
l ibrary co-operat ion, la) increa s ing growth o f knowledge;
Cb) increas ing spec ial izat ion in the f ie ld of knowledge; (c) increas ing need s o f i t s
u ser s ; td) explo s ion in the publ icat ions;
431 s carc i ty of funds;
432 s carc i ty of space ;
298
433 s carc i ty of s ta f f ; and
434 increas ing co s t o f management .
The UGC (UK) 'Commit tee On Librari e s' recommended that the, " ent ire
re source s of a geograph ical area should be regarded as a pool from which each ind ividual
l ibrary could draw co-ord inat ion o f the re source s o f l ibrar i e s would fac i l i t at e the
exten s ion o f coverage and the reduct ion o f expend i ture . Univer s i ty l ibrar ie s with in an era
should avo id unnece s sary and uneconomical dupl icat ion o f e f fort s and should inve s t igate
the advantages of al l the forms o f co oper at ion"(4).
3 SCOPE
As ment ioned above the scope of co-operat ive ac t ivi t i e s in the l ibrar ie s are very
wide, co-operat ion may take place in almost every bus ine s s o f the un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s . Wil son
and Tauber (5) has sugges t ed fo l lowing ways and means of l ibrary co-operat iont
435 in ter l ibrary loan service;
436 co-operat ive and centra l i s ed and cata loguing;
437 mult ip l i cat ion of bib l iograph ie s , union l i s t s and survey o f l ibrary
hold ings;
438 deve lopment o f nat ional un ion cata logue at the Library of
Congre s s ,o f regional and local union catalogues and bib l iograph ica l
center s ;
299
439 spec ial i s at ion in co l le c t ing;
440 s torage l ibrar i e s and inter l ibrar ie s center s ;
441 co-operat ive photograph ic pro jec t s ; and
(h> internat ional co-operat ion.
Qel fand ( .6) has recommended , "Fol lowing type s o f co-operat ive ac t ivi t i e s
should be cons idered for thei r re levance to local and nat ional need s;
442 co-operat ive and centra l i s ed acqui s i t ion;
443 co-operat ive and centra l i s ed cataloguing;
444 deve lopment o f union catalogues and bibl iograph ical
center s ;
445 documentat ion center s ;
446 compi lat ion and di s t r ibut ion of bibl iograph ie s and union l i s t s t
<f) co-operat ive re fe rence service s ; ( 9 ) co-operat ive
s torage center s ;
(h) co-operat ive photograph ic service s ; and
(i) internat ional ac t ivi t i e s and s ervi ce s . "
Even economic and phys ical cons t raint s too have made i t vi r tual ly almost
impos s ib le for any l ibrary to acquire and manage to serve their user s a l l publ i shed mater ia l s
o f the world or even in their sub jec t o f intere s t . To re so lve thes e cons traint s the l ibrar ian s
through out the world , have evo lved a sy s t em known as the " l ibrary co-operat ion " . To
re so lve these problems the l ibrar ian s have trave l l ed a long way in th i s d irec t ion
from inter l ibrary loan and co
3002 3
operat ion at the nat ional l evel through union cata logue , co operat ive acqui s i t ion, co-
operat ive s torage, central i s ed and co-operat ive cata loguing to internat ional l ibrary co -
operat ion. Concept s l ike exchange o f mater ial , per sonnel and service s , co-operat ive
provi s ion o f per iod ical publ icat ions ,
jo int publ i cat ions , exchange in helpfu l in format ion etc .
fa l l s somewhere between inter l ibrary loan and internat ional
co-oper at ion.
Fol lowing are some o f the widely recogni s ed major co operat ive ac t ivi t i e s pract i ced
in the l ibrar i e s i
447 Resource sharing?
448 Inter- l ibrary loan?
449 Inter- l ibrary s tudy fac i l i t i e s ;
(d) Union catalogue and Bibl iograph ie s ;
(e) Co-operat ive acqui s i t ion and s torage;
If) Co-operat ive and centra l i s ed cata loguing;
450 National co-operat ion? and
451 Internat ional co-operat ion. 31
RESOURC E SHAR ING ,
Sharing o f re source s i s the major so lut ion to the problems of meet ing
the need s of reader s of the l ibrary and contro l l ing the increa s ing abundance of publ i shed
l i t e rature . Resource shar ing cons i s t s two main el ement s . Of which f i r s t e l ement i s
mater ial , which covers acqui s i t ion, s torage, cata loguing, bind ing and
pre servat ion etc of re source s . The second e l ement o f re source sharing i s perta in ing
to use of the s e mater ial s , includes inter- l ibrary loan, book exchange, co-operat ive
re f erence and bib l iograph ica l s ervi ce s ,
301
documentat ion and in format ion s ervi ce etc .*
The d irectory of Academic Library Consort ia (7) proposed very rea l goal s to
orient the act ivi t i e s of re source sharing through consort ia format ion. The goal s are :
(a) Ass i s t member l ibrar ie s in the se lec t ion of mater ial s ;
Cb) Purchase , cata logue and proce s s the l ibrary mater ia l s?
452 Co-ord inate co-operat ive acqui s i t ion, inter - l ibrary loans and the
reproduct ion of mater ia l s for the member l ibrar i e s :
453 Promote the development o f programmes for the expanded use o f
l ibrary re source s ;
Ce) Stimulate the improvement of l ibrary fac i l i t i e s and service s ;
454 Co-operat ion in the development of l ibrary per sonnel ;
455 Provide, through co-operat ive acqui s i t ion of vo luntary
agreement , mater ial s beyond the reach o f ind ividual l ibrar ie s ;
th) Achieve economies in the use of re source s , both
human and mater ial ; and (i) fac i l i t at e shar ing of mater ial s ,among
the
members of the group.
Fol lowing are the factor s , on which the succe s s of
the re source shar ing depend s:
3022 3
456 Voluntary des i re on the part o f the co-operat ing l ibrar ie s for the mutual benef i t ;
457 Eff i c ient and quick reprograph ic fac i l i t i e s ; and
458 Eff i c ient communicat ion media .
32 INTER UBRARY UM
Among al l the type s o f co-operat ive act iv i t i e s , l ibrary lend ing i s the
most important . The abundant increa se of l i t erary product ion has made l ibrar ie s
to acquire and manage al l publ i shed l i t e rature made avai lable to i t s us er s from i t s
own l ibrary. Co-operat ion may be introduced at any one or al l of three leve l s of
l ibrary act iv i ty with in the univer s i ty; among the univer s i t i e s ; and o ther
l ibrar ie s with in the nat ion and at internat ional leve l . This can be i l lus t rated by
cons ider ing inter l ibrary loan, which include s borrowings and lend ing document s among
l ibrar ie s ; provid ing reprograph ic servi ce of art i c le s , books and o ther read ing mater
ial s .
Unive i s i ty l ibrar i e s with in a country can make an agreement , cover ing var ious
a spect s of inter- l ibrary use on a country wide bas i s , on inter- l ibrary loan. The code would
be helpful which provide s condit ions for loans ; the types o f mater ia l s to be included and
excluded; the l ength o f loan per iod; the forms to be used in making reques t s and re la ted
mat ter s . Inter- l ibrary loan codes are general ly adopted by nat ional l ibrary as soc ia t ions of
the country.
2 3 9
"Arrangement s for inter- l ibrary use on an internat ional bas i s may need to be
made on the nat ional as wel l a s internat ional level . In some countr ie s i t i s cous tomary
for - the nat ional l ibrary or for a des ignat ed univer s i ty l ibrary to serve as so le agency for
internat ioanl inter- l ibrary loans and coping service s " ( 8 ) .
It i s obvious that , the inter- l ibrary lend ing i s not a cheap servi ce . It
i s a l so obvious that the univer s i ty l ibrary having larger and ri cher co l lec t ions has the
great er burden o f inter- l ibrary lend ing. And what i s equal ly obvious , but which must not
be overlooked by any univer s i ty l ibrar ian, i s that inter- l ibrary lend ing should not be
al lowed to be di s t ingui shed as the s tock def i c ience s of the l ibrary.
Similar ly, the Parry Commit te e i s o f the same opinion and s ta ted that , " the need
to borrow mater ia l for the use o f i t s own reader s should not be regarded as be ing an
ind icat ion of l ibrary's inadequacy, nor should i t on the o ther hand, be used to
perpetuat e inadequacy where i t ex i s t s , by re l i eving the l ibrary of the obl igat ion to
purchas e such books as are in regular demand" (9).
Without borrowing from other l ibrar ie s for their re search worker s , the re s earch
ac t ivi t i e s in al l un iver s i t i e s would be se r ious ly af fe c t ed . The l ibrary of a univer s i ty wil l make
ef fort s to bui ld up i t s re s earch hold ings to match the intere s t s o f i t s us er s a s quickly as
po s s ib le . Inter- lend ing i s an ac t ivi ty where co-operat ion at a l igh l evel i s nece s sary. This i s an
area where l ibrar ie s must co-operate in
2 3 9
a spi r i t o f enl igh tened se l f in tere s t . 33 ENTER
-LIBRARY STWY FACILITIES
This i s another aspect of l ibrary co-operat ion. The use by member s o f one l ibrary
o f the re source s of o ther l ibrar i e s a l so , i s a logi ca l ext en s ion of the idea o f l ibrar ie s with in the
c i ty, and permit t ing facul ty and s tudent s from one univer s i ty to use the l ibrary o f another.
With in the univer s i ty, i t may require an agreement among al l l ibrar i e s to lend books to each
other, to provide photocopie s o f mater ia l s when required , and to permit a l l members o f the
univer s i ty community, regard le s s of the ir s tatus o f facul ty af f i l i at ion, to use al l univer s i ty
l ibrar ie s with in spec i f i c geograph ica l area .
An arrangement for d irec t use by reader s may require sui tabl e ident i f i cat ion of^
reader s , provi s ions for borrowing and deci s ions about re spons ib i l i ty for la te return or lo s s of
books , among other s . Inter- l ibrary loan and copying service s are o f t en centra l iz ed in the main
l ibrary o f each un iver s i ty.
Direct borrowing by s tudent s and facul ty members from area co l lege s and
univer s i ty can be succe s s ful in the c i t i e s where there are more than one co l l ege and or
univer s i t i e s . By us ing th i s method o f co-operat ion, the co l l ec t ions wil l be us ed more and inter-
l ibrary loan act iv i ty with in the c i ty wil l be l e s s . By which the l ibrary burden would be l e s s
and reader s wil l get th ier read ing mater ia l quicker than the inter- l ibrary loan.
A working agreement among the part i c ipat ing
2 3 9
l ibrar i e s should be mandatory and observed , that any l ibrary oesnot take undue^
advantage o f the pr ivi l ege which th ier user s are enjoying. Univer s i ty and overnment
authori t i e s . Who ma> be invo lved should give s t rong support to such agreement s .
34 UN1QN C TA^ LQQUSS. ANJL BIBLIOGRAPHIES
The succe s s fu l inter- l ibrary loan service can be ach i eved , only when the nat ional
union cata logues o f books , per iod ical s and other read ing mater ial s can be prepared . Only then
the concept of inter- l ibrary loan would be meaningful in i t s r igh t context .
"The principal source s or too l s , that are used for cooperat ive ac t ivi t i e s ,
are un ion cata logue s , union l i s t s , bib l iograph ie s , indexes and ab s t ract s . The ex i s t ence
of a union cata logue, a bibl iography, an index or ab s t ract i s not an end in i t s e l f but i s a
mean s to an end . The end being to f ind out and te l l the us er o f the
l ibrary, usual ly the re searcher, what publ i cat ions ex i s t or have been publ i shed in h i s
sub jec t f i e ld ? Union cata logue s further add to thi s u se fu lnes s , by answering the
ques t ion which publ i cat ion i s po s se s s ed by a part icu lar l ibrary, in order to provide
inter l ibrary loan and increa se the i t e r l ibrary use , union catalogues ,
union l i s t s o f per iod ica l s and o ther spec ial i t ems such as the s e s , manuscr ipt s and
r a r e books etc . have proved to be o f much help. Such l i s t s and catalogues have
been compiled at nat ional and internat ional agenci e s . "<10).
3063 0 6
Accord ing to Verma, " i f the inter- l ibrary loan provided an opportuni ty
to borrow what i s in fr equent ly demanded , co s t ly and not avai labl e in ones own l ibrary,
union catalogues and un ion l i s t s advanced the concept of l ibrary cooperat ion to such an
extent that we come to real i s e that the concept o f nat ional network or nat ional
in format ion sy s t em i s not too far, i f the former s t art ed a movement , the la ter
s t rengthened i t and took i t too far to help ach ieve
more , even more than what was in i t ial ly expected ---------------------------------------- Union
cata logue s have brought with their sway bibl iograph ie s , indexes and abs t ract s and have thereby
helped to conso l idate the concept o f nat ional and internat ional cooperat ion . "( 11 ) .
There are some of the wel l known un ion cata logue s , namely, Brit i sh union
cata logue of per iod ica l s ; World l i s t of sc i ent i f i c per iod ica l s , World l i s t of
soc ia l sc ience per iod ica l s? and the Union l i s t of sc ient i f i c se r ial s e t c . The UGC
Library Commit tee had given an importance to the ques t ion of l ibrary cooperat ion by
i t s recommendat ion which was accepted by the UGC and i t has proposed to cons ider in
1960 a tentat ive s cheme of compil ing union catalogues on a regional bas i s , but
some how it has been not succe s s fu l in the country.
In India, some o f few pro jec t s have been carr i ed out succe s s ful ly by
INSDOC and ICSSR and with i t s re su l t the task o f l ibrar ians and re searcher s in s c ience s
and soc ia l s c ience s has become eas ie r due to the union l i s t of per iod ica l s in these subjec t s
which have been compi led by these
307
in s t i tut ions . INSDOC has brought out more than 15 regional union cata logue s cover ing
various regions o f the country, the ul t imat e goal be ing to p r p r a * * the nat ional union
catalogue o f s c ient i f i c s er ial s . Similar ly the ICSSR and i t s Documentat ion Center
(NASSDOC) are working on the union cata logue o f soc ia l sc i ence per iod ical s , and union
catalogue o f soc ial sc i ence s ser ia l s . Bes ide s that few regional cata logue s and spec ia l
catalogues o f c i t i e s have been compiled and publ i shed in the country.
35 COOPERATIVE ACQUISITION A J h f f l . S TO RAGE
Cooperat ive acqui s i t ion i s another act iv i ty of l ibrary
cooperat ion, which i s undertaken by part ic ipat ing l ibrar i e s with a view to provide
maximum po s s ib l e read ing mater ia l with in their l imited re source s . A
po l icy o f combined acqui s i t ion i s adopted by the part ic ipat ing l ibrar i e s shal l
have acce s s to al l the mater ial that i s acquired under th i s scheme. The f ir s t s tage
o f the l ibrary cooperat ion should l ie in the acce s s ion funct ion, even though i t i s found
most d i f f i cu l t to co-operte and trans lat e the aims of co-operat ion into rea l i ty.
"Col le c t ive ac t ion in bui ld ing l ibrary re source s i s not ea sy to introduce and to
mantain but i t i s e s s ent ial to ensure adequete l ibrary re source with in and among un iver s i t i e s
and in the country in general "(12). "Thi s may require central ized acqui s i t ion service s o f many
types , and a degree o f co-ord inat ion should extend to the nat ional leve l
2 3 9 2 3 9
a n d s p e c i a l i z a t i o n i n a c q u i s i t i o n p r o g r a m m e . I f a c q u i s i t i o n a c t i v i t i e s o f
r e a d i n g m a t e r i a l c a n b e c e n t r a l i z e d o r c o o r d i n a t e d e v e n w i t h i n
t h e u n i v e r s i t i e s t h e u n n e c e s s a r y d u p l i c a t i o n o f r e a d i n g m a t e r i a l s m a y
b e a v o i d e d a n d b e t t e r b o o k s e l e c t i o n m a y b e e n c o u r a g e d a n d m a x i m um
e c o m o n y a s w e l l a s f a s t e r f l o w o f m a t e r i a l s m a y b e a c h i e v e d . T h e r e a r e
m a n y o t h e r c o - o p e r a t i v e a c q u i s ! t i o n a l a c t i v i t i e s t h a t a r e c o n f i n e d t o a f e w
n e i g h b o u r i n g l i b r a r i e s . T h e s e m a y i n c o r p o r a t e s c o o p e r a t i v e
a c q u i s i t i o n s o f t r a n s l a t i o n s , m a n u s c r i p t s , h i s t o r i c a l d o c u m e n t s ,
s c i e n t i f i c r e p o r t s , r e f e r e n c e a n d b i b l i o g r a p h i c a l p u b l i c a t i o n s ,
n e w s p a p e r s a n d c o l l e c t i o n i n m i c r o f o r m s .
J e f f e r s o n h a s r i g h t l y s t a t e d t h a t t h e c o o p e r a t i v e s t o r a g e h a s
b e e n r e c o g n i s e d a s a " l o g i c a l e x t e n s i o n o f c o o p e r a t i v e a c q u i s i t i o n a n d
f o l l o w s f r o m t h e t h e s i s t h a t c o o r d i n a t i o n o f a c c e s s i o n s m a k e s m o r e b o o k s
a v a i l a b l e t h a n w o u l d b e t h e c a s e i f i n d i v i d u a l l i b r a r i e s w o r k e d a l o n e , a n d
e n a b l e s p r o p e r e c o n o m y i n b o o k p u r c h a s e t o b e m a d e . A l s o b y e x c h a n g i n g
s t o c k s a m o n g s p e c i a l i s i n g l i b r a r i e s w h i c h c o o p e r a t e i n a c q u i s i t i o n
s c h e m e s o n e o f t h e b o g i e s o f 1 i b r a r i a n s h i p , l a c k o f s t o r a g e s p a c e
i s r e l i e v e d t o t h e e x t e n t t h a t d u p l i c a t e l i t t l e u s e d m a t e r i a l c a n b e e l i m i n a t e d
a n d a m o r e e c o n o m i c u s e m a d e o f s t o r a g e s p a c e w i t h i n t h e w h o l e
g r o u p . " ( 1 3 ) .
P e r h a p s , i t m a y b e t r u e t h a t m a n y o f t h e d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s
T i k e I n d i a d o n o t f i n d i t n e c e s s a r y t o h a v e s t o r a g e c e n t r e s i n t h e w a y i t i s
d e v e l o p e d o f t h e b i g l i b r a r i e s o f
2 4 0
the developed countr ie s po s se s s i t . But problems o f s torage may ar i s e in connect ion with
rare and fragi le mater ial s manuscr ipt s , h i s tor ical document s , anci ent books which require
spec ia l t reatment for their pre se rvat ion and securi ty. In such cir cumstance s such mater ia l s
can be s tored where a univer s i ty l ibrary has a new wel l equipped bui ld ing with adequate
fac i l i t i e s for s torage o f such mater ial s , may be able to s tore the mater ial s of o ther l ibrar ie s
which do not have such fac i l i t i e s with them.
Above al l , the UGC l ibrary commit tee (14) recommended
that there should be dormitary l ibrary in each cons t i tuent s t ate under the care
of the State Centra l Library. The dormitary l ibrary i s supposed to co l lec t and
pre serve one or two of the bes t pre s erved copie s of the weeded out books . Even
though, however, nothing has come out in real i ty so far. On the one hand th i s
recommendat ion has the advantage of reducing the pre s sure on the space o f
Univer s i ty l ibrar ie s as and when they reach the opt imum s iz e , whereas on the o ther
hand the po s s ib le di sadvantage of reducing the s torage l ibrar i e s to the
s tatus o f s tore-warehouse s , where o ld , obso le t e and weeded out mater ia l shal l be kept .
Above al l dormitary l ibrary would def inete ly be more use fu l in the sub jec t s
l ike humanit i e s and social sc i ence s than the pure and appl ied sc i ence s . It al so helps
in the long range in bui ld ing the Nat ional and Regional in format ion Centre s
for humanit ie s and social sc ience s .
2 4 1 2 4 1
36 CENTRALISED AND_ CQ -OPERATIVE CATAUPOVINQ
It i s another area where cooperat ion can save t ime and provide economy in
l ibrary act iv i t i e s , l ike proce s s ing l ibrary mater ia l s , ie . c la s s i f i ca t ion and
cataloguing. Should each l ibrary catalogue a part icular a book
ind ividual ly or i t would be bet t e r for al l i f one d id i t and d i s t r ibuted copie s of the
catalogue descr ipt ion to al l who have acquired such book ? To ach ieve economy,
uni formity, and saving o f t ime i t i s qui t e obvious to i t s answer that cata loguing
should be done centra l ly and cooperat ive ly to avo id waste fu l dupl i cat ion of
e f fort s . Consequent ly the concept of centra l i s ed and cooperat ive
cataloguing was deve loped . The two terms have very of t en been used
s imultaneous ly, yet there i s a c lear d i s t inct ion between them. Metcal f (15)
observed that , "we must cont inue the s t rugg le to f ind bet t er ways and
means to carry on cooperat ive cata loguing so as to hold down expense s in that f i e ld .
He further sugges t ed that the, " jo int ly publ i shed catalogues in book form
o f older mater ia l s should be economical , conven ient and more use fu l for
re search than current card catalogue. "
Marsch (16) has d i s t ingui shed these two, when she says that , central i s ed
cata loguing i s that which i s dona by a s ingle l ibrary or other agency for the use of number
of l ibrar ie s , wherea s cooperat ive cataloguing i s done in two or more l ibrar i e s for the benef i t
of each part ic ipat ing l ibrary and may be made avai labl e to o ther s .
Central i s ed and
2 4 2
cooperat ive cata loguing should take place with in the Univer s i ty in so far as i t i s prac t icab le
and the univer s i ty l ibrary should take i t s ful l advantage o f i t .
Dr. Ranganathan (17) was o f the opinion that , i f centra l i s ed cataloguing i s
done, nat ional saving wil l be as much as 79 percent in re spect o f al l publ icat ions in the
country. And i f such at t empt i s to be made at the local leve l Dr. S.C. Verma (18) has
concluded that i f cooperat ive cata loguing i s done at Delh i Univer s i ty and i t s cons t i tuent
co l lege l ibrar ie s i t's saving o f s t af f sa lary alone would be Rs. 1,04,230 per annum, which
he sugge s t ed in 1969. Then we compare i t in the pre s ent day i t would be more than double
o f i t . Thi s saving may be ut i l i s ed for provid ing bet t er se rvi ce s in each of the part i c ipat ing
l ibrar ie s .
37 NATIONAL COQPERATIPN
This i s an in format ion age, where every nat ion has to keep abre s t with the
development s surrounding them, and for th i s rea son, every nat ion must require to
have thei r nat ional network. And to ach ieve e f f i c i ent nat ional network, there must be
l ibrary network in the country, which can be ach ieved only through l ibrary
cooperat ion, Which aims to have e f f e c t ive bib l iograph ica l contro l of the
publ i shed l i t e rature and di s s eminat ion o f in format ion. All sphere s of l ibrary act ivi ty are
covered covered by the nat ional network with a view to provide cooperat ion at the nat ional
l evel . "In general , the concept of cooperat ion, sy s t ems and networks have come
about due to pre s sure s for acce s s to expanded
2 4 3 2 4 3
in format ion re source s , economic and s ta f f l imitat ions; the in f luence of sy s t em phi lo sophy
and analy s i s ; and pres ent capabi l i t i e s and future promi se s of technology in operat ions and
communicat ions"(19). For es tabl i sh ing and operat ing an e f f i c i ent nat ional network, where
by l ibrary user s any where in the country could obtain in format ion, document s , and
mater ia l s with in i t s rea sonable t ime, through too l s l ike union cata logue s , bibl iograph ie s ,
indexes and abs t ract s e t c . through the employment of computer technology would be o f
great help .
38 INTERNATIONA^ COOPERATION
Internat ional cooperat ion i s def in ed as " cooperat ion act ivi ty in the f ie ld of
1ibrar iansh ip made for the bene f i t of the ind ividual l ibrar ian in the whole o f the world
"(20). Internat ional cooperat ive ac t ivi t i e s have been in i t ia t ed because the hi s tory of Univer sal
Bib l iograph ic contro l during the pas t f ive hundred years has been a tale o f honourable
fai lure s .
Univer s i ty l ibrar ie s may part ic ipat e in a wide var ie ty of internat ional
cooperat ive act ivi t i e s and servi ce s inc lud ing gi f t s and exchanges of l ibrary mater ia l s ,
t rans lat ion s ervi ce s , copying s ervi ce s , compi la t ion of nat ional bibl iograph ie s , pro f e s s ional
train ing programmes , internat ional conference s , documentat ion centre s and inter l ibrary
l end ing. Part i c ipat ion may be direc t ( l ibrary to l ibrary) or ind irec t ( through l ibrary
as soc iat ions , nat ional
2 4 4
l ibrar ie s or o ther nat ional organi sa t ions) . This i s not an o ld concept , but i s
re lat ive ly a new one and has been developed largely as consequences to the
e s tabl i shment of United Nat ions Educat ional Scient i f i c and Cultural
Organi sa t ion (UNESCO), Internat ional Federat ion of Documentat ion
(FID), Internat ional Federat ion of Library Associat ion (IFLA) and
number of o ther internat ional organi sat ions . UNESCO and FID
have helped in the e s t ab l i shment of Nat ional Documentat ion Centre s .
These nat ional documentat ion centre s furthered the cause of internat inal
cooperat ion. In addit ion to these some of the nat ional organ i sat ions such as the
Associat ion of Specia l Librar ie s and Informat ion Bureaux (ASLIB). Nat ional
Science Foundat ion (USA), Spec ia l Library Assoc ia t ion (SLA) etc . have taken UP
in ternat ional re spons ib i l i ty for t -he coo per ! i ve ac t ivi t i e s in the f ie ld o f *
documentat ion and in format ion service s on thei r own shoulder s .
4 LIBRARY COOPERATION 1M I N D I A
Emphas i s ing the importance o f l ibrary cooperat ion in the country, the UGC
Library Commit tee recommended in 1965, "To make the to ta l book fund o f the severa l
univer s i t i e s and co l leges go the longes t way, i t i s recommended that the commis s ion (UGC)
should ac t ive ly promote s
1 . Local , reg ional and nat ional cooperat ion o f book se l ec t ion,
sub scr ipt ion to learned per iod ical s and acqui s i t ion of back vo lumes o f
per iod ica l s , among the several l ibrar i e s ;
2 4 5
Cooperat ion in the ful le s t us e of the ho ld ings in the several l ibrar i e s
through a s cheme of l iberal inter- l ibrary loan? and
P r 6 d u c t i o n and cont inued maintenance of a Union Catalogue
of learned per iod ical s , se l ec t t reat i s e s in fore ign language s o ther
than Engl i sh , and rare books o f re search value, for the hold ings of the
several l ibrar i e s , in the f i e ld o f soc ial sc i ence s and humanit i e s , by a
publ ic agency such as the INSDOC for the natural s c ience s . " ( 2 1 ) .
The f ir s t seminar o f the Univer s i ty Librarians in which a ful l se s s ion was
devoted for a di s cu s s ion on various i s sue s of l ibrary cooperat ion,made fo l lowing
recommendat ions:
459 "In view of the fact that INSDOC has alr eady undertaken the work
of compil ing Union Li s t s of Seria l s in sc i ence and technology,
a s imilar Union Li s t o f ser ia l s in humanit ie s and soc ia l s c ience s be
compi led by a sui tab le in s t i tut ion or organi sat ion.
460 The draf t code for inter l ibrary loan as formulat ed by the IASLIC be
implemented . All academic l ibrar i e s should :
(a) compile and i s sue a cata logue o f the se s and manuscr ipt s
with them; and
3.
2 4 5 2 .
24 G
(b) provide reprograph ic fac i l i t i e s ;
461 Postal rate s for books sent on inter l ibrary loan be reduced in
order to promote the max imum use of avai labl e book re source s in the
country.
462 The sy s t em o f get t ing s ecuri ty bonds executed for purpo se s o f
lend ing out manuscr ipt and other rare i t ems to in s t i tut ions or
l ibrar i e s be abo l i shed" ,(22).
However, th i s seminar has not made any recommendat ion pertain ing to
cooperat ive acqui s i t ion, coperat ive s torage, ccentra l i s ed and cooperat ive cataloguing, and
other cooperat ive ac t ivi t i e s . And even af t er the se recommendat ions noth ing has been
implemented so far in the country.
Another at t empt has been made by th l ibrary as soc iat ion o f the country. The
ILA (1933) and the IASLIC (1955) have tr ied to further the cause o f l ibrary
cooperat ion in the country, though i t has very l imited succe s s . Certain ly, the seminars , the
annual conference s , and symphos ia o f the se a s soc iat ions provide a plat form f o r o u r l ibrar ians
to di scus s the i s sue s re la t ing to l ibrary cooperat ion.
The UGC has accepted the recommendat ions made by i t s l ibrary commit te e and i t
was proposed to cons ider in I960 a tentat ive scheme o f compil ing a union catalogue on a
reg ional bas i s . However, for unknown reason UGC has not acted upon s ince then.
2 4 7 2 4 7
Dr. J. S. Sharma has r igh t ly expre s s ed h i s views on the same i s sue of l ibrary
cooperat ion in the f i r s t Univer s i ty Librarian's Seminar (Jaipur) that " our l ibrar ian s
univer s i ty as wel l a s publ ic - have done ample l i t t l e to fo s t er a spir i t of cooperat ive
venture . We have d i scu s s ed much about l ibrary cooperat ion, yet done noth ing to promote
i t , a l though, we have money enough, we have learn ing enough, and we have expert i s e
enough to do so " .(23).
The fo l lowing sec t ions d i scus s the po s i t ion of various l ibrary
cooperat ive act iv i t i e s in the country.
41 IN T E R LIBRARY LOAN
Among al l other cooperat ive ac t ivi t i e s inter l ibrary lend ing and borrowing
s ervi ce does ex i s t in India . Although, enough d i scu s s ions and l i t e rature regard ing
inter- l ibrary loan has taken place in the country, but i t has not been implemented
ef f e c t ive ly and only a few academic l ibrar i e s fo l lowed IASLIC's inter- l ibrary loan
code by modi fy ing i t to su i t the ir own need s . Nor, government authori t i e s l ike UGC
and other s have made any at t empt for the e f f e c t ive implementat ion
o f i t . Although i t was recommended in the Univer s i ty Librarian s . Seminar
(Jaipur) , even though, the po s tal authori t i e s have not introduced any spec ial rate s
for l ibrary mater ia l s , e spec ia ly, for inter l ibrary loan mater ia l s .
In India, inter l ibrary lend ing servi ce i s in a sad s t ate of a f fai r s ,
which urgent ly require s improvement , by
2 4 8
combinat ion of wil l ingnes s to cooperat e , and some publ i c i ty.Thi s wil l give a good s tart to
inter l ibrary loan act iv i ty which in turn wil l help al l the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s , s tudent s ,
re s earch scho lar s and the facul ty.
42 INTER L, I BR ART STUDY FACILITIES
In India, where other cooperat ive act iv i t i e s in univer s i ty l ibrar i e s have thei r
own problems, inter- l ibrary s tudy fac i l i t i e s at the local and regional leve l has not faced any
problem, nor any f inancial burden i s be ing imposed on academic l ibrar i e s . Ult imate ly i t
minimis e s the burden o f inter- l ibrary loan at local and reg ional leve l and promote in
maximum ut i l i sa t ion o f l ibrary re source s .
There are many ci t i e s in India, where more than one univer s i ty or h igher
learn ing in s t i tut ions are be ing se t up . In such place s inter l ibrary s tudy fac i l i t i e s wil l prove
more succe s s ful and the burden of inter l ibrary loan with in spec i f i c region
can be minimised . Only in Punjab such fac i l i t i e s have been provided in the
univer s i ty l ibrar ie s . It i s real ly sad to s ta te , when our un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s are fac ing
f inancial cons t raint s throughout India and, when our univer s i ty l ibrar i e s have not to
bear any f inancial burden nor there i s need of any addi t ional s t af f to provide inter-
l ibrary s tudy fac i l i t i e s to academic community, even though however thes e fac i l i t i e s
have been neglec t ed in the country by an unknown reason.
2 4 9 2 4 9
43 UN J JQ N C ATA L OG UE S BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Union cata logue s and bibl iograph ie s are the e s s ent ia l too l s in
promot ing inter l ibrary loan service s . In India, a few pro jec t s have al ready
been carr i ed out succe s s ful ly. CSIR compi led cata logue o f per iod ical s avai labl e
in CSIR, which was fo l lowed by Union Catalogue o f Learned Period ical s Publ i cat ion in
South and South East Asia (o f which the f ir s t vo lume of the proposed three vo lumes came
out in 1953 covering Phys i ca l and Bio logical Science s compil ed by Dr.
S.R. Ranganathan). INSDOC has taken up the pro jec t o f compilat ion o f Union
Catalogue o f Seria l s and more than 15 un ion cata logues o f d i f f e rent reg ions
have been publ i shed so far. ICSSR has al so publ i shed var ious Union catalogues
o f Socia l Science per iod ica l s cover ing d i f f er ent regions of the country, whose ul t imat e aim
i s to compil e and publ i sh a Nat ional Union Catalogue of Socia l Science
Period ical s and Serial s . However for the benef i t o f the re s earcher s and avoid ing
dupl i cat ion, the compilat in o f union cata logue s o f Ph.D. these s , union catalogues
o f rare and important books and manuscr ipt s and bib l iograph ie s have been al so the area s o f
cons iderat ion.
44 C O O P ER AT I VE ACQUISITION A D_£ STORAGE
Although, the advantages of cooperat ive acqui s i t ion are many , in Indian
univer s i ty l ibrar i e s i t i s observed very rare ly. The f ir s t Univer s i ty Librarian's
Seminar (Jaipur)
250
discus s ed the i s sue and desp i t e Vaj i fdar (24) expre s s ed h i s opinion that , "a f t e r devaluat ion,
our l ibrar i e s have su f fe red cons iderably in their acqui s i t ions - and here i s the go lden
opportuni ty to evo lve an ef f i c i ent cooperat ive acqui s i t ion po l icy " and Jakat i (25) too had
made emphas i s to make an at t empt to deve lop a mechani sm paral l e l to that o f
'Farmington Plan' for India. Noth ing has come out from the s eminar in i t s
recommendat ion nor in prac t ic e regard ing cooperat ive acqui s i t ion.
Similar ly, UGC Library Commit tee (26) has d i scu s s ed in form of dormitary
l ibrary for cooperat ive acqui s i t ion, but nothing has been implemented in the name of
cooperat ive s torage in India. It al so fa i l s to make any construct ive recommendat ion regard ing
cooperat ive acqui s i t ion, cooperat ive proce s s ing and other cooperat ive act iv i t i e s in the f ie ld o f 1
ibrar i e s .
45 C E N T RA L I. S E P AN J 2 . C O O P ER AT I VE CATAUOOVINO
So far as central i s ed and cooperat ive cata loguing in India are concerned , Dr.
Ranganathan has advocated , which he narrated as Pre-natal cata loguing , where in , a l l
t echnical work i .e . c la s s i f i ca t ion and cata loguing on each book i s done by the Nat ional
Centra l Library, be fore the book i s re l ea sed by the publ i sher . Thi s i s done with the help o f a
forma-proo f copy of each book. This wil l be p r e p a r e d by the Nat ional Centra l Library,
and the catalogue card s wil l be
2 5 1 2 5 1
made avai lab le to l ibrar i e s as per order alongwith the re leas e o f the books . But noth ing has
come out o f i t t i l l date . However, only D.K. Publ i sher s o f Delh i , provide cata loguing data
on the ver so o f the t i t l e page of i t s each publ icat ion, a s i t i s pract i s ed in Ameri can
publ i cat ions , where Library of Congres s cataloguing data and number are given in each
publ i cat ion.
46 NATIONAL LE VEL
At the nat ional level , good in s t i tut ions , univer s i t i e s and
other academic organi sat ions etc . are wel l coming up in thei r re spect ive sub jec t
area s . Pres ent ly, there are good number of nat ional in format ion centre s working in
India. They are i INSDOC for Science and Technology; DESIDOC for
defence sc i ence s ; BARC for nuc lear sc ience s , SIET for smal l indust r ie s ; NASSDOC
for soc ia l s c ience s IARI for agri cu l tural sc ience s ; NICTAS for co tton text i l e s ; Nat ional
Medica l Library for medica l and publ ic heal th , et c . Government o f India ,
Department o f Science and Technology has se t up Nat ional Informat ion System for Science
and Technology (NISSAT).
47 INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
India's contr ibut ion to internat ional cooperat ion through var ious nat ional
in s t i tut ions , organi sat ions i s remarkab le . At the internat ional leve l India i s being
repre s ented by INSDOC as the nat ional member o f the FID. INSDOC al so
co l laborat ed with FID/CR Commit tee in organi s ing
2 52
it s third Internat ional Conference on c la s s i f i ca t ion re search , which was held at BARC in
Bombay in 1975. Similar ly, INSDOC al so mainta in s c lo se cooperat ion with
UNESCO, and ac t ive ly part ic ipat e s with VINITI for Rus s ian publ icat ions . India i s
al so connected with RECON network s ince 1976, which i s an on-l ine ret r ieval sy s t em
which permit s the us er s to retr ieve in s tant in format ion s tored far way. Similar ly,♦
BARC is repre s ent ing India in INIS, IARI in ASBIS, and so on.
Above al l , we know our l imitat ions o f f inancia l re source s , fore ign exchange and
many other force s not al lowing us to channel i s e and use avai labl e re source s to create nat ional
l ibrary sy s t em in i t s r igh t context and encourage cooperat ive ac t ivi t e s among the l ibrar ie s of
the countr y.
5 LIBRARY COOPERATION, ]£ B U JA R AT
In the name of the l ibrary cooperat ive act iv i ty, among the
univer s i ty l ibrar i e s of Gujarat , only the M.S. Univer s i ty l ibrary prac t i s ed
central i s ed proce s s ing and acqui s i t ion sy s t em for thei r various departmental l ibrar i e s . In
the M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary sy s t em al l the books and period ica l s o f
departmental l ibrar i e s are acquired by the central l ibrary, and are proce s s and
sent to re spect ive departmental l ibrar i e s . The union catalogue o f per iod ical s i s maintained
in centra l l ibrary.
2 5 3 2 5 3
In Gujarat no other univer s i ty l ibrar i e s fo l low any other cooperat ive act iv i t i e s
except inter- l ibrary loan, al though the univer s i ty l ibrar ians o f Gujarat are wel l aware
o f the benef i t s o f the cooperat ive act iv i t i e s for l ibrar i e s and for their user s .
Whenever they f ind plat form and occas ion they never fai l to
d i scus s about the l ibrary cooperat ion. The only popular and prevalent facet o f
l ibrary cooperat ion among the univer s i ty l ibrar i e s of Gujarat i s , in ter- l ibrary
loan. The fo l lowing tabl e s 3 6 and 37 give the pi c ture of inter- l ibrary
borrowing and inter l ibrary lend ing ac t ivi t i e s of la s t seven years , because ear l i e r data
were not avai labl e with al l the univer s i ty l ibrar i e s in Gujarat .
Table th ir ty s ix shows inter- l ibrary borrowing among univer s i ty l ibrar ie s o f
Gujarat . S.P. un iver s i ty l ibrary has not provided any data pertain ing to inter l ibrary
borrowing, whi le during per sonal vi s i t of the univer s i ty l ibrary i t was in formed that
they are not keep ing any record s o f inter l ibrary borrowing dur ing part icular year.
It i s found that in the M.S. Univer s i ty Library, Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary and
South Gujarat univer s i ty Library , with the increa se in their own s tock of books
their inter l ibrary borrowing i s decreas ing cont inuous ly. Whereas in
Sauras t ra Univer s i ty Library and Bhavnagar Univer s i ty Library i t i s somet imes
increa s ing and somet imes i t i s decrea s ing .
TABLE 3 t£
TABLE 3Z
INTER LIBRARY LENDING AMONG UNIVERSITY LIBRARI
TABLE 3 t£ TABLE 3 t£
ES OF
GUJARAT
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
M . S. 10 07 10 18 10 12 15GUJARAT 247 25
8120 116 11
2114
126
S. P . 09 07 10 08 07 11 13SAURASTRA 12 09 11 14 11 09 06SOUTH GUJARAT
32 26 21 36 35 25 29
BHAVANAGAR 10 12 08 09 10 12 16
2 55
Table th ir ty seven shows inter l ibrary lend ing among univer s i ty l ibrar i e s o f
Gujarat . Except , Gujarat Univer s i ty Library Ahmedabad no s igni f i cant progre s s has been
found in lend ing books on inter l ibrary loan during 1981 to 1987. However, even
Gujarat Univer s i ty Library's inter l ibrary lend ing f igure s are decrea s ing from 258
books in 1982 to 126 books during 1987.
From the above tab le s th ir ty s ix and th ir ty seven i t i s concluded that in general
the un iver s i ty l ibrar i e s lend more books than they borrow for thei r reader s . Except M.S.
Univer s i ty Library no other univer s i ty l ibrar ie s in the s tat e contr ibut e in any other
cooperat ive act iv i t i e s , which require s se r ious thought and immediat e at t ent ion in Gujarat .
REFERENCES
1 WILLIAMS (PH). "Internat ional 1ibrar iansh ip. In : Unesco bul le t in . 23
(1972) P 65.
463 UGC (UK). Commit tee on Librar ie s , (1963) (Chairman : Thomas P a r r y ) .
Report . London, HMSO, 1967. p 16.
464 GELFAND (MA). Univer s i ty Librar ie s for developing Countr ie s . Unesco , 1971.
p 113.
465 UGC (UK), op. c i t . (2). p 26.
466 WILSON (LR) and TAUBER (MF). The Univer s i ty Library, 2nd ed . NewYork,
Columbia Univer s i ty Pres s , 1956.
PP 449 - 50.
467 GELFAND (MA), op. c i t . (3). p 116.
468 DELANCY (D) and CUADRA (C). Directory o f academic
2 5 G 25 G
library conso t ia, Cal i fornia, System deve lopment corporat ion, 1972. S
GELFAND (MA), op.c i t . (3). PP 115 - 16.
469 UGC (UK), op. c i t . (2). P 28.
470 SRIVASTVA (SN) and VERMA (SO. Univer s i ty l ibrar i e s in India. New
Delh i , Ster l ing, 1980. PP 290 - 91.
471 VERMA (SO. Library Cooperat ion in India (Ph.D. Thes i s) Jaipur, Univer s i ty
of Rajas than, 1978. P 56.
472 GELFAND (MA), OP. c i t . (3). PP 116 - 17.
473 JEFFERSON (G). Library Cooperat ion. London, Graf ton books , 1960. p 47.
474 UGC (India) .Commit tee on Univer s i ty and Col lege Librari e s (1957) (Chairman t S
R Ranganathan). Report . New Delh i , UGC, 1965, P 47.
15 METCALF (KD). Univer s i ty Librar ie s face future In ;
Library Quart er ly . 22 (1962). P 10.
475M0RSCH (L). Central i s ed and cooperat ive cataloguing. I" i Library trend s . 2
(1962). P 342.
476 RANGANATHAN (S R). Clas s i f i ed catalogue code. Bombay, Asia, 1965. p 66.
477 VERMA (SO. Catalogue card reproduct ion at loca l level . (M.Lib.Sc.
d i s s e r ta t ion). Delh i , Dcpt t . of Library Sci ence , Univer s i ty o f Delh i , 1969.
478 BUDINGTON (WS). Acces s to in format ion. In i Melvain J. Voigt Ed. Advances
in Librar iansh ip. V2, New York, 1971, PP 28 - 29.
479 WILLIAM (P H). op.c i t . (1). P 62.
2 5 7
480 UGC (India) , op.c i t . (14) P 29.
481 SEMINAR OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARIANS (Jaipur) (1966) VI.
Recommendat ions , PP 3 - 4.
482 Ibid , V.4 P 18.
483 VAJIFDAR (MB). Inter- l ibrary cooperat ion as an
aid to d i s s eminat ion o f in format ion. In : ibid V 2 p 31.
484 JAKATI (BC). Framington plan for Indian Unvier s i ty Librari e s .
In i ib id , V.3. PP 205 - 210.
485 UGC (India) , op. c i t . (14). p 47.
2 5S 2 5S
CHAPTER Z
LIABRARY
BV L^ PfNC
486 Introduct ion
487 Llibrary bui ld ing-A funct ional ent i ty
488 Principl e of planning*
489 Library bui ld ing commit te e
490 Librar ian's bri e f
4 Site se l ec t ion
41 Locat ion o f the l ibrary bui ld ing in Gujarat
491 Locat ion of the M.S. Univer s i ty Library bui ld ing
492 Locat ion of the Gujarat Univer s i ty Library bui ld ing
493 Locat ion of the S.P. Univer s i ty Library bui ld ing
494 Locat ion of the Sauras t ra Univer s i ty Library buiId ing
495 Locat ion of the South Gujarat Univer s i ty Library bui ld ing
496 Modular planning
497 Univer s i ty Library bui ld ings in Gujarat
498 The M.S. Univer s i ty Library bui ld ing
499 Gujarat Univer s i ty Library bui ld ing
500 S.P. Univer s i ty Library bui ld ing
501 Sauras t ra Univer s i ty l ibrary bui ld ing
502 South Gujarat Univer s i ty Library bui ld ing
7 Space requirement s
503 Stack room
504 General read ing room
8 Future cons iderat ion
33
2 5 9
CHAPTER Z.
LIBRARY WILPING
INTRODUCTION
Library i s the tr in i ty of books , reader s and s taf f , and l ibrary bui ld ing for
them i s , a ware house for books , a workshop for the reader s , and a bus ines s - house
for the s t af f . Similar ly i t i s a complex, spec ial ized s t ructure . The l ibrary
bui ld ing des igned must be direc t ly re lat ed to l ibrary's act ivi t i e s of the pre sent and future ,
for which i t should be f lex ible and adoptab le o f future changes in the requirement s for
the l ibrary servi ce . Books are the great e s t consumer s of the space in the l ibrary bui ld ing
and for al l the se requirement s o f the read ing mater ial s , s ta f f and rea der s , l ibrary
bui ld ing should be of such type that al l the se three f ind minimum uncomfort in every re spect .
In the pre s ent environment o f the educat ion univer s i ty l ibrary i s recogni s ed as
an in s t i tut ion devoted in promot ion and enrichment of higher educat ion and re search i s wel l
recogni sed .
2 LIBRARY By 11 LP I NO _ 6. FUNCTIONAL ENTITY
The univer s i ty l ibrary bui ld ig i s spec i f i c and cl ear, which
direc t ly expre s s e s the funct ions of a l ibrary. The importance of l ibrary bui ld ing i s that i t
should provide leas t uncomfort in ful l f i l lment of i t s funcions and i t s se rvice s
to i t s reader s . The succe s s fu l l ibrary bui ld ings
2 6 02 6 0
which are both funct ional ly and ae s thet ical ly sat i s fy ing wil l not re su l t unt i l l fo l lowing
ques t ions have been analy sed , and the re sul t ing impl icat ions to l ibrary bui ld ings unders t and;
505 Are the. l ibrary bui ld ings f l ex ible enough to meet demands created by modern
communicat ion and automat ion technology ?
506 Have l ibrar ian s def in ed a ph i lo sophy o f 1ibrar iansh ip which
meet s the need s of today's spiral l ing enro l lment s and rap id ly increa s ing
book co l le c t ions , and does the l ibrary bui ld ing re f l ec t that
ph i lo sophy ?
507 Has enough at t ent ion been paid to the re la t ionsh ip o f the des ign o f the l ibrary
bui ld ing to l ibrary operat ing co s t s , r eader s s ervi ce s , t echnical service s ,
maintenance and secur i ty servi ce s ?
508 Have l ibrar ians or arch i t ec t s given adequat e cons i derat ion to the l ibrary as a
soc ial organi sm in which spec i f i c need s of ind ividual us er s can and should be
met ?
To make univer s i ty l ibrary bui ld ing a funct ional ent i ty in general i t should be
abl e to cater to the fo l lowing funct ions :
509 "The ef f ec t ive te chnical operat ions o f the l ibrary ;
510 The ef f i c i ent and rap id product ion o f in format ion and mater ial on demand ;
511 The provi s ion of quiet , comfortab le and at t ract ive area s for s tuty;
512 The provi s ion for ind ividual and co l l ec t ive s tud ie s
2 6 1
for re searcher s ;
513 The provi s ion of fac i l i t i e s for deve loping read ing habi t s?
514 The provi s in to fac i l i t at e the contact o f reader s with the content s o f the
l ibrary ?
515 The s torage and pres ervat ion o f read ing mater ial s ?
and
516 A prompt acce s s ib i l i ty of the us er s to read ig mater ial s vi ce -ver sa
without lo s s of t ime " (1).
Keeping in vi ew the changing concept o f educat ional methods and
requirement s , Wil son and Tauber (2) sugge s t that "In many ways thes e changes have had
far reach ing impl ia t ions for l ibrar i e s . Among the more important of the se change s are i
517 rapid growth in enro l lment s ?
518 the expans ion of the curr icula invo lving the add i t ion of new spec ial i s ed cour se s ,
t each ing department s , in s t i tute s and pro fe s s ional schoo l s?
519 the introduct ion of new methods o f teach ing invo lving more
in i t ia t ive on the part of s tudent s which have placed new
re spons ib i1 i t e s upon the l ibrary ; and
520 the increa sed emphas i s upon re s earch" .
3 PRINCIPLES Of. PLANNING
The charac ter of the educat ional programme o f the un iver s i ty l evel i s
ever changing to keep pace with the
2 62 2 62
development of the soc ie ty and the need s o f the pre sent . Hence univer s i ty l ibrary's
phys i ca l se t up, i t s ph i lo sophy, se rvice s and act iv i t i e s should al so keep pace with the
changing concept o f the educat ional programme tak ing place in the univer s i ty enviorment .
In re lat ion to th i s , the planning team of the l ibrary oui ld ing must be guided by some
pr incipl e s o f planning to obtain long las t ing and sat i s fy ing re sul t s of the l ibrary bui ld ing.
Henry Faulkner Brown (3) has laid down ten "•commandment s " for the planning
and des igning of a l ibrary bui ld ing. If i t i s fo l lowed in planning of any academic l ibrary
bui ld ing i t yie ld s sat i s fy ing re sul t s to a larger extent . They are ;
521 Flexib le , with a layout , s t ructure and s ervi ce s which are easy to
adopt;
522 Compact for eas e o f movement of reader s , s t af f and books;
523 Acces ib le from the exter ior into the bui ld ing and from the entrance
to al l part s o f the bui ld ing, with an easy comprehens ib le plan, need ing
minimum supplementary d irect ions ;
524 Extend ibl e to permit future growth with minimum di srupt ion ;
525 Varied in i t s provi s ion o f reder space s , to give wide freedom of cho ice ;
526 Organi s ed to impose appropr iate confrontat ion between books and
reader s ;
2 6 3
527 Comfortable to promote e f f i c i ency o f use j
528 Constant in environment for the pre s ervat ion of l ibrary mater ia l s
;
529 Secure to contro l user behaviour and lo s s of books ; and
530 Indicat ive of i t s funct ion.
Dr. Raganathan sugge s t s that , " so far as the ext ernal tr eatment , the
e levat ion, and the se c t ions are concerned , fu l l weight may be given to the monumental i ty,
but in regard to the inner layout and the ut i l i s at ion of inner space , i t should be
abso lute ly funct ional . Large domes , mas s ive ornamental s ta ir ca se s occupying the
most acce s s ib le part o f the bui ld ing, h igh ce i l ing with paint ings , wide windows,
c ircular des ign, square des ign and but te r f ly des ign, which make ext en s ion d i f f i cu l t ,
do not general ly go with the funct ional des ign of a l ibrary bui ld ing. This does not
imply any object ion to the se t s , tower s and domes above the roo f leve l i . e . out s ide
the funct ional part of the bui ld ig or to the d igni ty, and the beauty without any denia l to the
fr eedom of a creat ive arch i t ec t " C4).
Profe s sor Kaula sugges t ed some broad pr incipl e s o f planning l ibrary bui ld ing
which are s imilar to Brown's Men commandment s', They are >
531 Build ing should be des igned on funct ional bas i s ;
532 Physical des ign should be governed by the funct ions of the l ibrary »
2 G 4 2 G 4
533 Inter ior detai l s should be planned pr ior to the exter ior cons truct ion ;
534 The bui ld ing should provide economy in
admini s t ra t ion and operat ions »
535 The main s tudy area s should be c lo se to the book shelve s and s tacks ;
536 The bui ld ing should repre sent s impl ic i ty in character j
537 Considerat ion should be given for expans ion and ant ic ipat ed development
in the future >
538 Physical convenience s should be in proport ion to the number and nature of c l i ente l e j
539 The detai l s o f the l ibrary should be worked out based on ex i s t ing data and
the proport ional future growth ;
540 Physical convenience should include the convenience s for the l ibrary per sonnel
re spons ib le for managing the act iv i t i e s o f the l ibrary j and
11. The plan of the bui ld ing should be adoptab le to the
future growth and development " .(5)
3 1 L I B R ARY B y T L P IN Q CTHfllTTEE
Univers i ty l ibrary bui ld ing planning should be always a cooperat ive enterpri se .
Library Bui ld ing Commit tee , with a c l ear mandat e from the univer s i ty
governing authori t i e s , should be re spons ib l e for planning the programme for
the l ibrary bui ld ing. Pre planning act iv i t i e s o f th i s Library
2G5
Bui ld ing Commit tee are the most9 important phas e o f the l ibrary bui ld ing, and al l objec t ive s
and requirement s o f the l ibrary should be c l ear ly def ined in a wri t t en programme.«
This commit tee should include the repre s entat ive s of al l groups , who are or who wil l be
invo lved with the des ign,cons t ruct ion and use o f the bui ld ing.
The Library Build ing Commit te e should not be very smal l nor i t
should be large. It " should inc lude repre sentat ive s from the
facul ty and s tudent s , a repre s entat ive o f the univer s i ty and the arch i t e c t . Where
the un iver s i ty employs an o f f i c ia l to supervi se admini s t rat ion o f bui ld ings , grounds
and other univer s i ty propert ie s (usual ly known as Univer s i ty Engineer ) he might wel l be
added to the commit tee . If the univer s i ty l ibrar ian lacks exper i ence in l ibrary
bui ld ings i t would be des i rabl e to appoint a l ibrary consul tant to the commit tee; and
an arch i t e c tural consul tant would be added i f h i s se rvice are ind icat ed "(6).
An arch i t ec t i s the leader o f the Library Build ing Commit tee . He wil l have
overal l re spons ib i l i ty for creat ing a sui tab le environment for the funct ion, for the vi sual
impact of the bui ld ing and for i t s engineer ing ef f i c i ency. He carr i e s a grave re spons ib i l i ty for
the saf e ty o f al l who wil l us e i t throughout i t s l i f e . An arch i t ec t wil l not s imply devi s e a
l ibrary bui ld ing accord ing to in s t ruct ions rece ived , but he wil l revi ew the whole pro jec t and
i t s in tent ions; he may be abl e to make fundamental and original proposa l s which
2G G 2G G
can give the authori ty the opportuni ty to improve the impact and o f fer new amenit ie s .
The l ibrar ian wil l act a s the c l i ent in the Library Bui ld ing Commit tee ,
re spre s ent ing authori ty in al l day- to day deci s ions , alway s keep clo se contact with the
s cheme and keep c lear the funct ional a ims of the proposal s before the commit tee .
The l ibarian i s an expert in hi s own f ie ld and he has spec ial knowledge of the pecul iar i t i e s
of hi s own l ibary s cene ; i f he i s party to al l di scus s ions he can make the most valuable
contr ibut ion. His po s i t ive approach wil l be much more valuable , a s a fact , he i s at
hand to c lear some querie s in hi s br ie f . But , i f a s c l i ent he i s to remain out s ide due
to lack o f exper ience in a l ibrary bui ld ings , then the c l i ent repre s entat ion must be
repre s ented by a su i table l ibrary consul tant .
The l ibrary consul tant's great value in Library Build ing
Commit tee i s that he can bring to the scheme a wide exper ience o f l ibrary planning that
may be lack ing in the Library Build ing Commit te e . Because o f hi s knowledge of the
arch i t e c t's work, he wil l have a bet t e r unders t and ing o f what the arch i t e c t need s to
know and later in the programme he wil l be bet t er equipped to evaluat e the plans and
proposal s . He wil l be an expert interpret er between two h igh ly
spec ial i s ed pro fe s s ions , he can repre sent the l ibrar ian's intere s t s in cont inuous
d i scus s ion with the arch i t e c t . Natural ly, the l ibrary consul tant's fe e s wil l of cours e add
a smal l amount to the total co s t of the pro jec t , but in the long run i t may be
covered many t imes over by the savings
2G 7
obtained and el iminat ion of some pos s ib le mis takes .
General ly, in univer s i t i e s the Vice- chance l lor o f the univer s i ty i s the Chairman of
the Library Build ing Commit tee . Somet imes , he i s unl ike ly to take part in regular Library
Bui ld ing Commit tee meet ings but wil l be consul t ed or kept in formed, on al l po l i cy mat ter s
which may not need the authori ty's formal dec i s ion.
The univer s i ty engineer or arch i t ec t , usual ly looking af t e r the univer s i ty propert ie s ,
may be given spec i f i c dut ie s at on early s tage, such as advi s ing on the po s s ib i l i t i e s o f a s cheme,
as helping to wri t e the l ibrar ian brie f . He may al so be used as a watchdog to se e that the
pro jec t i s proceed ing sat i s f ac tor i ly.
In almost a l l un iver s i t i e s , Library Build ing Commit tee i s a temporary commit tee .
As and when the l ibrary bui ld ing i s cons t ruct ed i t i s d i s so lved automat ica l ly.
3 2 LIBRARIAN'S BRIEF
Being the c l i ent , i t i s the l ibrar ian to s tart the programme by te l l ing what he
wishes to creat e to an arch i t ec t . He does th i s by way of h i s br ie f , which i s bas ical ly a s tat ement
of user s requirement s in terms of accomodat ion, funct ion and s tandard s o f the l ibrary. The
l ibrar ian's bri e f i s primari ly a s tat ement to the arch i t e c t o f a pro forma with al l i t s
impl i cat ions in the f i e ld s of space and organi sat ion. It has a se condary value in that i t
2 6 S 2 6 S
force s the l ibrar ian to organi se hi own th inking and * to examine the organi sat ional
methods of hi s proposed l ibrary. For th i s , the prime requirement i s that the l ibrar ian
should be quit e sure in h i s own mind about the operat ions of l ibrary in general and in
detai l . The l ibrar in's bri e f i s the document which the arch i t e c t must have with on which
he wil l spend h i s valuab le t ime in working in the creat ion o f direc t ions o f future work.
The l ibrar ian's brie f may be divided in to three e lement s ?
541 Statement of the purpo se the l ibrary i s to se rve and the place i t i s to occupy
with in the soc ial , educat ional f ramework , the l ibrary's re la t ionsh ip with the
other in s t i tut ions , department s?
542 Detai led record o f the l ibrary's exac t requirement s as an operat ional unit ,
which includes quant i t i e s of books and other mater ia l s to be s tored , the
e s t imated reader s to be s erved , and thei r
expectat ion toward s l ibrary fac i l i t i e s , s t af f to be housed and the phys i ca l
re lat ionsh ip between these d i f f e rent e l ement s?
543 Record s of the l imitat ions imposed by the authori t i e s? the s e le c t ed s i t e , and
acce s s re s t r ic t ions together with the f inancial and other contro l s which have
been determined .
Thompson (7) spe l t that over and above the l ibrar ian's
bri e f should conta in?
2 G 9
( a ) H o w m a n y v o l u m e s a l i b r a r y s t a c k s h o u l d a c c o m o d a t e ?
( b > D e t a i l e d a c t i v i t i e s a n d u s e r s ? w h i c h i n c l u d e s , u s e r s s e r v i c e s ,
h o u r s o f o p e n i n g , p e a k h o u r s , n u m b e r o f s e a t s i n r e a d i n g r o o m s ,
f a c i l i t i e s f o r r e a d e r s , s t o r a g e o f r e a d e r s b e l o n g i n g s , p u b l i c
l a v o t o r i e s , p u b l i c r e f r e s h m e n t e t c .
544 S i z e o f a r e a , r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n v a r i o u s d e p a r t m e n t s o f
t h e l i b r a r y a n d t h e i r a c c e s s r o u t e s a n d f o r a c c o m o d a t i o n o f t e c h n i c a l
s t a f f ?
545 L i f e o f b u i l d i n g , e x p a n s i o n a n d f l e x i b i l i t y ?
546 P h y s i c a l r e q u i r e m e n t s l i k e t h e s i t e , s e c u r i t y c o v e r s , t h e f t o f b o o k s ?
m u t i l a t i o n o f b o o k s , a n d t h e i r c o n t r o l m e a s u r e s ? a n d
( f > C o m m u n i c a t i o n s a n d co s t s h o u l d a l s o i n c o r p o r a t e , t e l e p h o n e , v i s u a l
c o m m u n i c a t i o n s , b o o k t r a n s p o r t , m e c h a n i c a l s e r v i c e s a n d
m a i n t e n a n c e etc .
A t t h e e n d , the a r c h i t e c t a s l e a d e r o f t h e L i b r a r y B u i l d i n g C o m m i t t e e
w i l l ask, e x a m i n e a n d propose i n h i s b r i e f . Then t h e l i b r a r i a n ' s
t a s k w i l l be to s t u d y al l t h e s e p o i n t s r a i s e d b y t h e a r c h i t e c t i n h i s b r i e f a n d
t o know t h e i r i m p l i c a t i o n s a n d c o m m e n t o n al l t h o s e p o i n t s .
T h u s t h e l i b r a r i a n m u s t s t a n d b y t h e w r i t t e n b r i e f .
4 SJIE. SELECTION
T h e s e l e c t i o n o f s i t e f o r u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g i s
e q u a l l y i m p o r t a n t , b e a c u s e l o c a t i o n p l a y s a v e r y
2 7 02 7 0
v i t a l r o l e i n f u l f i l m e n t o f i t s f u n c t i o n s . N o r m a l l y , w h i l e p l a n o f t h e
u n i v e r s i t y c a m p u s i s b e i n g c a r r i e d o u t , t h e s i t e f o r t h e u i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y
i s l o c a t e d a s o t h e r u n i v e r s i t y b u i l d i n g i n t h e m a p . G e n e r a l l y ,
u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g s i t e i s l o c a t e d i n c e n t r e , s u r r o u n d e d b y
t h e t e a c h i n g d e p a r t m e n t s o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y a n d m a y b e a w a y f r o m t h e
u n i v e r s i t y a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o f f i c e . A c c o r d i n g t o M e t c a l f (8) " t h e q u e s t i o n
o f d e t e r m i n i n g t h e s i t e o f t h e l o c a t i o n o f l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g i s c i r c u m s c i r b e d
b y t h e q u e s t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f s p a c e n e e d e d b y t h e
l i b r a r y i n c o n s o n a n c e w i t h t h e o b j e c t i v e s o f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n a n d i t s l i b r a r y ,
i t s f u t u r e g r o w t h a n d d e m a n d f o r a d d i t i o n a l s p a c e f o r e x t e n s i o n , e a s y
a c c e s s i b i l i t y w h i c h c a n b e p r e d i c t e d o n l y w h e n o n e k n o w s t h e e x t e n t a n d
d i r e c t i o n o f f u t u r e p h y s i c a l g r o w t h o f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n i t s e l f w h i c h
t h e l i b r a r y i s s u p p o s e d t o s e r v e , a n d a t t h e s a m e t i m e o n e c a n n o t g o t o
d e s i g n a g o o d a n d s a t i s f a c t o r y l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g a n d t h e n s e a r c h f o r a
p l o t o f u n u s e d l a n d w h e r e t o l o c a t e t h e 1i b r a r y " .
I n p a r t i c u l a r , w h e r e t h e l i b r a r y i s w i t h i n a u n i v e r s i t y c a m p u s , i t
m i g h t b e a d v i s a b l e t h a t t h e a r c h i t e c t i s t o a s k a n d r e p o r t a f t e r d e t a i l e d
i n v e s t i g a t i o n t h e f e a s i b i l i t y f o r t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g w i t h i n t h e
c a m p u s .
" F r o m t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e b r i e f a n d h i s k n o w l e d g e o f
t h e s i t e , t h e a r c h i t e c t w i l l a l r e a d y h a v e g e n e r a l i d e a s a s t o t h e h e i g h t a n d
s h a p e o f t h e b u i l d i n g . H e m u s t n o w c o n s i d e r »
T h e r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h e x i s t i n g b u i l d i n g s i n t h e i m m e d i a t e
n e i g h b o u r h o o d , w i t h r e g a r d t o b o t h t h e g e n e r a l e n v i r o n m e n t a n d
p o s s i b l e l i m i t a t i o n s o n h i s f r e e d o m t o p l a n ?
A d e q u a c y o f t h e s i t e f o r f u t u r e e x t e n s i o n t o t h e b u i l d i n g , a n d t h e
r e l a t i o n s h i p o f t h e l i b r a r y t o o t h e r b u i l d i n g s w h i c h m a y l a t e r
s h a r e t h e s i t e ; i n p a r t i c u l a r e x t e r n a l c i r c u l a t i o n r o u t e s w i l l n e e d
c a r e f u l s t u d y a n d d i s c u s s i o n w i t h t h o s e w h o w i l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e
f o r o t h e r b u i l d i n g s .
N o i s e f a c t o r i f n o i s e f r o m t h e i m m e d i a t e
s u r r o u n d i n g a r e a i s i n e v i t a b l e ( t r a f f i c , s t u d e n t m o v e m e n t
a n d s o o n ) , p h y s i c a l p r o v i s i o n f o r p r o t e c t i o n m u s t b e
m a d e i n t h e s t r u c t u r e , l a y o u t a n d s u r f a c e s ;
I m m e d i a t e s u r r o u n d i n g s - w h e t h e r s p a c e i s a v a i l a b l e f o r g a r d e n s
o r o t h e r a r e a s t o i n s u l a t e t h e l i b r a r y f r o m i t s n e i g h b o u r h o o d o r
t o i m p r o v e i t s a p p e a r a n c e ; C a r p a r k i n g - a f a s t g r o w i n g a n d
s p a c e c o n s u m i n g r e q u i r e m e n t , w i l l h a v e b e e n i n d i c a t e d i n t h e
b r i e f b u t c o - o r d i n a t i o n w i t h o t h e r a r r a n g e m e n t s i n t h e
c a m p l e x m a y b e p o s s i b l e o r i t m a y b e p r o v i d e d
u n d e r n e a t h t h e b u i l d i n g , t h e p l a n n i n g a u t h o r i t y o r t h e p o l i c e
m a y h a v e r e l e v a n t r e g u l a t i o n s ; A c c e s s r o u t e s - t h e p o s s i b e n e e d
f o r p r o t e c t i o n f o r r e a d e r s a p p r o a c h i n g t h e b u i l d i n g ;
a c c e s s f o r
2 7 8
s e r v i c i n g m a y b e a m a j o r p r o b l e m a n d m a y h a v e t o b e k e p t q u i t e
s e p a r a t e f r o m t h e p u b l i c a p p r o a c h ;
7. G e o l o g i c a l b a s i s o f t h e s i t e - a s o i l i n g i n a e r m a y
b e n e e d e d t o a d v i s e a s t o i t s s u i t a b i l i t y f o r b e a r i n g a m u l t i s t o r e y
s t r u c t u r e ? a l a y e r o f r o c k i m m e d i a t e l y b e l o w t h e s u r f a c e m a y m e a n
t h a , t t h e e x c a v a t i o n o f b a s e m e n t s w o u l d b e t o o e x p e n s i v e , w a t e r
h a z a r d s m a y b e s i m i l a r l y r e s t r i c t i n g , o r t h e r e m a y b e m i n i n g
s u b s i d e n c e p r o b l e m s ?
8. A v a i l a b i l i t y a n d a d e q u a c y o f m a i n s e r v i c e s - w a t e r ,
e l e c t r i c i t y s u p p l y , d r a i n a g e a n d s e w e r a c c e s s ?
p l u m b i n g a n d d r a i n a g e e x p e r t s m a y b e i n v o l v e d a n d
a l m o s t c e r t a i n l y c o n s u l t a n t s o n t h e h e a t i n g ,
c o o l i n g , v e n t i l a t i n g o r a i r - c o n d i t i o n i n g s y s t e m
e n v i s a g e d ( a t t h i s s t a g e o n l y g e n e r a l p r i n c i p l e s
a n d m a j o r d r a w b a c k s n e e d t o b e c o n s i d e r e d ) 1 1 ( .9).
I f a l l a b o v e g u i d e l i n e s i n s e l e c t i o n o f t h e s i t e f o r t h e u n i v e r s i t y
l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g w i t h i n t h e u n i v e r s i t y c a m p u s w i l l b e o b s e r v e d , t h e f u t u r e
p r o b l e m s o f u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g w i l l s u r e l y b e m i n i m i s e d a n d l i b r a r y
w i l l b e a b l e t o f u l f i l i t s f u n c t i o n s i n t h e e d u c a t i o n a l e n v i r o n m e n t o f t h e
u n i v e r s i t y .
41 L O C AT I ON O f . .£ £ LIBRARY PV,ILPIN68 li t 6WARAT
A n a t t m e p t h a s b e e n m a d e t o p r o c u r e t h e u n i v e r s i t y c a m p u s p l a n o f
a l l t h e u n i v e r s i t i e s o f G u j a r a t , b u t i t d i d n o t m a t e r i a l i s e . H o w e v e r , t h e s i t e
l o c a t i o n o f M . S . , G u j a r a t , S . P . , S a u r a s t r a , a n d S o u t h G u j a r a t U n i v e r s i t y
L i b r a r i e s h a v e
2 7 3
been provided on the bas i s of per sonal vi s i t and observat ion. Bhavnagar Univer s i ty l ibrary
does not have i t s own bui ld ing, and s i tuated in the co l l ege l ibrary bui ld ing.
4 1 1 LOCATION Q£ IHS. Ht§, UNIVERSITY UPRARY BUHPINQ
Deptt . o f geography computer centre
Dept t . of geo logy Dept t . of economics
Dept t . o f phys i c s - - Dept t . of engl i sh
Facul ty of Science Dept t . of archaeo logy
2 7 8
Smt. Hansa MehtaLibrary (Univ. 1 ibrary)
Dept t . o f chemis t ry methemat ic s , zoo logy Botony
Dept t . o f"Socio logy
Dept t . o f l ibrary s c ience Orienta l in s t i tute
2 7 4
T h « M . S . U n i v e r s i t y c a m p u s i s s p r e a d i n t o s i x p i e c e s i n B a r o d a
c i t y . H e n c e a t t h e t i m e o f t h e s e l e c t i o n o f s i t e f o r u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y
b u i l d i n g , L i b r a r y B u i l d i n g C o m m i t t e e h a s s e l e c t e d s i t e w h i c h i s i n t h e
c e n t r e o f t h e t e a c h i n g d e p a r t - m e n t s o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y . T h e o n l y d r a w b a c k o f
t h i s s i t e i s t h a t t h e r e i s n o p o s s i b i l i t y o f h o r i z o n t a l e x t e n s i o n o f t h e l i b r a r y
b u i l d i n g . W i t h t h e r e s u l t a s e p a r a t e n e w l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g w a s c o n s t r u c t e d
f o r u n d e r g r a d u a t e s t u d e n t s .
I n w e s t o f t h e l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g s t h e r e a r e
d e p a r t m e n t s o f E d u c a t i o n a n d P s y c h o l o g y , Z o o l o g y , C h e m i s t r y , a n d
M a t h e m a t i c s , B o t a n y a n d B i o s c i e n c e s a n d G e o g r a p h y a r e s i t u a t e d . A n d
o n t h e n o r t h s i d e o f t h e l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g , t h e r e a r e d e p a r t m e n t s o f
P h y s i c s , G e o l o g y , F a c u l t y o f S c i e n c e , d e p a r t m e n t o f E n g l i s h ,
E c o n o m i c s , C o m p u t e r s c e n t r e , a n d A r c h a e o l o g y a r e l o c a t e d , w h e r e
a s d e p a r t m e n t o f S o c i o l o g y , f a c u l t y o f c o m m e r c e , f a c u l t y o f a r t s a n d
d e p a r t m e n t o f l a n g u a g e s a r e i n t h e e a s t o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g . T h e
o r i e n t a l i n s t i t u t e h a s o c c u p i e d a m a j o r p o r t i o n o f t h e g r o u n d f l o o r o f t h e
u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g a n d t h e d e p a r t m e n t o f l i b r a r y s c i e n c e i s
a c c o m m o d a t e d o n t h e f i r s t f l o o r o f t h e b u i l d i n g . S o f a r a s t h e l o c a t i o n o f
t h e M . S . u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g i s c o n c e r n e d , i t i s a t t h e r i g h t p l a c e
i n t h e m i d d l e o f a l l t e a c h i n g d e p a r t m e n t s .
2 75 2 7 5
4 1 2 LOCATION Q J F THE. GUJARAT UNIVERSITY UPRARY EVILPING
School of Bus ines s Managementool o f Socia l Science
Computer Centre Univer s i ty Adm.Build ing languages
2 75profe s s ional Centre
Gujarat Univ. Library Build ing
School o f Comm School o f Law
"School o f Science s
Dept t . o f Geography- IAS train ing Centre
2 7 6 2 7 6
G u j a r a t U n i v e r s i t y , A h m e d a b a d h a s a w i d e c a m p u s a n d e n o u g h
a m p l e s p a c e f o r i t s e x p a n s i o n o f t e a c h i n g d e p a r t m e n t s a n d f o r o t h e r a c a d e m i c
a c t i v i t i e s . T h e s i t e s e l e c t e d f o r t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g i s i n t h e
c e n t r e o f a l l t e a c h i n g d e p a r t m e n t s , a n d n e a r t o u n i v e r s i t y a d m i n i s t r a t i v e
o f f i c e a n d c a n t e e n . Am p l e s p a c e i s l e f t v a c a n t f o r t h e h o r i z o n t a l e x p a n s i o n
o f l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g o n f o u r s i d e s .
S c h o o l o f C o m m e r c e , P r o f e s s i o n a l e d u c a t i o n c e n t r e , S c h o o l o f
l a w , d e p a r t m e n t o f g e o g r a p h y , a n d I . A . S . t r a i n i n g c e n t r e a r e s i t u a t e d
i n t h e n o r t h o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g . D e p a r t m e n t o f L i b r a r y a n d
I n f o r m a t i o n s c i e n c e i s a c c o m o d a t e d i n t h e l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g . O n t h e
e a s t o f t h e l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g , s c h o o l o f p l a n n i n g a n d c o m m u n i t y s c i e n c e
c e n t r e i s l o c a t e d . S c h o o l o f l a n g u a g e s . S c h o o l o f S o c i a l S c i e n c e s ,
S c h o o l o f B u s i n e s s M a n a g e m e n t a n d C o m p u t e r s c e n t r e a r e s i t u a t e d i n s o u t h o f
t h e l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g . O n t h e w e s t o f t h e l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g t h e u n i v e r s i t y
a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o f f i c e , c a n t e e n . S c h o o l o f S c i e n c e s , E d u c a t i o n a l M e d i a
R e s e a r c h C e n t r e b u i l d i n g s a r e e r e c t e d .
2 7 7
4 1 3 L O C AT I O N O F T HE S . P . UN I VE RS I T Y L I B R ARY B UI L DI NG
Bio Science s Dept t .
Hoste l sUniver s i ty Admini s t r at ive Build ing
.Post Graduat e CentreHome Science Dept t .
2 7 7 2 7 7
Univer s i ty Pres s . S .P.Univer s i ty Library *
Build ing
____Huminit ie sAgro Economics
Deptt . o f Lib. 8. Inf . Sc. l
2 7 7 2 7 7
College o f Arch i t e c ture
Birla Visharakumar Maha Vidhyalaya
Commerce Col l ege
Art s Col lege
Science Col lege
2 7 8
S a r d a r P a t e l U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g i s e r e c t e d i n t h e c e n t r e
o f u n i v e r s i t y t e a c h i n g d e p a r t m e n t s a n d c o l l e g e s . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g
i s c l o s e l y s u r r o u n d e d b y v a r i o u s u n i v e r s i t y b u i l d i n s , h e n c e t h e r e i s n o
p o s s i b i l i t y o f h o r i z o n t a l e x p a n s i o n o f l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g .
O n t h e n o r t h s i d e o f t h e l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g t h e r e a r e u n i v e r s i t y
a d m i n i s t a t i v e o f f i c e , B i o - s c i e n c e s d e p a r t m e n t s a n d p o s t g r a d u a t e c e n t r e s ,
H u m u n i t i e s , A g r o - E c o n o m i c s d e p a r t m e n t , C o m m e r c e c o l l e g e a n d A r t s c o l l e g e a r e
s i t u a t e d i n t h e e a s t o f t h e l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g . S c i e n c e c o l l e g e i s s i t u a t e d t o w a r d s
t h e s o u t h o f t h e l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g . O n t h e w e s t e r n s i d e o f t h e l i b r a r y
b u i l d i n g , t h e r e a r e B i r l a V i s h w a k a r m a M a h a v i d y a l a y a , C o l l e g e o f
A r c h i t e c t u r e , U n i v e r s i t y p r e s s , H o m e s c i e n c e d e p a r t m e n t a n d h o s t e l s
h a v e b e e n e r e c t e d . D e p a r t m e n t o f L i b r a r y a n d I n f o r m a t i o n S c i e n c e
i s a c c o m m o d a t e d i n t h e l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g .
2 7 9 2 7 9
414 L O C AT I O N O F T HE S A URA S T R A UN I VE RS I T Y L I B R ARY B UI L DI N SDept t . o f Cpmm., Educat ion, Law
Academic Staf f Col lege
Sauras t ra un iver s i ty l ibrary i s s i tuat ed in the midd le of the univer s i ty campus .
There i s ample space kept open for future expans ion of l ibrary bui ld ing. On the north of the
l ibrary bui ld ing, Department o f Socia l sc i ence s , Bio sc i ence s , chemis t ry, phys ic s , mathemat ic s ,
computer s , home sc i ence , univer s i ty admini s t rat ive o f f i ce and academic s ta f f co l l ege bui ld ing
are erect ed . School of language and department o f Journal i sm are s i tuated on the wes t o f the
l ibrary bui ld ing, and in the south there are Commerce ,
2 8 0
Educat ion and Law department s erect ed . Department of l ibrary and in format ion sc i ence i s
s i tuated in the l ibrary bui ld ing i t s e l f .
4 1 5 LOCATION Q f _ T HE . 8Q UT H BUJARAT WIVER6ITY
LIBRARY POINDING
Educat ion
Rural Deve lopi eAe" n l' Humanit ie s 8. ocial Science s
2 8 0
Univer s ity Adm. bui ld ing
Dept t . o f Lib. & Inf . Sc,
South Gujarat univer s i ty l ibrary bui ld ing has ample open space on four
s ide s for expans ion. Depar tment o f Library and Informat ion Science i s s i tuated in
the l ibrary bui ld ing. On the north o f the l ibrary bui ld ing Humanit i e s and Social
Science s department s are s i tuat ed . On the wes t of the l ibrary bui ld ing department s
o f chemis t ry, s t at i s t i c s , phys i c s , management and rural development , and educat ion
are ereacted Whereas on the south of the l ibrary bui ld ing there are Bio- sc i ence ,
canteen and univer s i ty admini s t rat ive o f f i c e bui ld ings s i tuat ed .
2 8 1 2 8 1
5 MODULAR PLANNING
In th i s changing academic environment l ibrary funct ions are
al so changing rapid ly, with the re sul t t rad i t ional f ixed and monumental s ty le s
o f l ibrary bui ld ings have been replaced by s imple des ign open forms , in formal s and
comfortab le atmosphere and s t ructural and mechnica l f rame- work planned to
make f l ex ib i l i ty o f arrangement and expans ion of fac i l i t i e s read i ly po s s ib l e . The
univer s i ty l ibrary bui ld ing should plan to provide not only for the apparent need s
o f today, but al so for tomorrow which can help in meet ing the need s of growth of l ibrary and
increas ed s cope o f i t s se rvice s to i t s c l i ente le . General ly, two type s of inter ior
planning construct ion of univer s i ty l ibrar i e s have been recogni s ed . They are f ixed
and modular. In f ix ed inter ior cons truct ion s ty l e , the var ious l ibrry areas l ike
s t ack room, s tudy, perod ica l s area et c are f ixed once for ever and f ind l i t t l e
s cope for inter- changeabi l i ty. In Gujarat Stat e , M.S., Gujarat , and S.P.
Univer s i ty l ibrar i e s are o f th i s type. In such bui ld ings large read ing rooms with high
ce i l ing with ad jo in ing low storeyed s tack rooms are the common feature .
Ranganathan (10) sugges t s that the use o f a s ingle modular u nit in l ibrary^
arch i t ec ture should be put to the maximum pos s ib le us e by al lowing freedom for forming
rooms and pas sages at any point at any t ime, with s iz e s made by any
2 8 2
des ired number of module s . For th i s purpo se , there should be no rig id wel l other than parapet
wal l for the bui ld ing as a whole . In a s en se , there should be only large hal l s - one on each
f loor of each wing o f the main bui ld ing. The format ion o f the rooms shoud be with eas i ly
removable portab le panel s o f s tandard dimens ions . It should be po s s ib le to sh i f t them as des i red
without the need to break down pla s t e red masonary wal l s and rebui ld them in the convent ional
way.
Metcal f enumerat e s the fo l lowing advantage s o f the modular cons truct ion >
"1. It s impl i f i e s the ta sk o f e s t imat ing co s t s and makes the re sul t more
accurate .
547 It saves t ime on the s i t e because mater ial s are acquired in sui tabl e s ize s , and i t
largely e l iminat e s cut t ing, patch ing, and wast ing mater ia l s .
548 It s impl i f i e s supervi s ion as much of the work i s rout ine .
549 It should improve the f in i shed product because more o f the work i s done under
factory contro l s in s t ead o f f i e ld condit ions .
550 It provides more f lex ibl e space adopted for any l ike ly purpo se .
551 With pre fabri cat ion coming into use more and more, each of the se advantages
wil l become more important in future "(11).
In modular cons truct ion, the ce i l ing height i s kept
2 8 3 2 8 3
u n i f o r m t o t a k e i t * v a r i o u s a d v a n t a g e s . S i m i l a r l y t h e w e i g h t b e a r i n g
c a p a c i t y o f e a c h m o d u l e i s k e p t t h e s a m e s o t h a t a n y p a r t o f t h e b u i l d i n g
m a y b e u s e d f o r a n y l i b r a r y f u n c t i o n . G l a s s o r w o o d p a r t i t i o n s p r e f e r a b l y
p r o v i d e g r e a t e r d e g r e e o f f l e x i b i l i t y . M o d u l a r c o n s t r u c t i o n f i n d s
e a s y i n a d m i n i s t r a t i o n a n d i t * m a i n t e n a n c e . M e t c a l f a l o* o p i n e s t h a t
t h e , " c h a n g e s i n m o d u l a r b u i l d i n g a r e g e n e r a l l y e a s y a n d i n e x p e n s i v e ,
b u t i f t h e y i n v o l v e l i g h t i g a n d i n t e r i o r l o a d b r i n g w a l l s , v e n t i l a t i o n ,
t h e y c a n b e q u i t e e x p e n s i v e . S o m e l i b r a r i a n s u s i n g m o d u l a r b u i l d i n g s h a v e
f e l t t h a t a s t h e b u i l d i n g w a s m o d u l a r a n d t h e i n t e r n a l a r r a n g e m e n t
c o u l d c h a n g e e a s i l y , i t w a s u n n e c e s s a r y t o p l a n i n a d v a n c e . J u s t w i t h i n a
y e a r , t h e y f o u n d t h e m s e l v e s w a n t i n g t o s h i f t e v e r y t h i n g a r o u n d " ( 1 2 ) .
M o d u l a r c o n s t r u c t i o n s e c u r e s w i d e o p e n s p a c e f r e e f r o m p e r m a n e n t
o b s t r u c t i o n s e x c e p t t h e n e c e s s a r y c o l u m n s . T h e f l o o r a r e a w i t h i n a n y o r a l l t h e
m o d u l e s i s c a p a b l e o f a c c o m m o d a t i n g t y p i c a l l i b r a r y f u n c t i o n s . T h e c h o i c e o f
t h e m o d u l e s i z e a f f e c t s n o t o n l y t h e g e o m e t r i c c h a r a c t e r o f t h e b u i l d i n g a n d i n
s o m e d e g r e e s i t s a e s t h e t i c s b u t a l s o t h e s i z e o f d e c k s u p p o r t s , t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f
b o o k s a n d r e a d e r s , t h e w i d t h s o f p a s s a g e s f o r v e h i c u l a r a n d p e d e s t r i a n t r a f f i c ,
t h e l i g h t s o u r c e f o r r e a d i n g t a b l e s e t c " ( 1 3 ) .
6 WIVERSITY LIBRARY BV1LPINB3 IH f lWABAT
A n a t t e m p t t o p r o c u r e l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g p l a n s o f a l l t h e
u n i v e r s i t i e s o f G u j a r a t c o u l d n o t m a t e r i a l i s e . H e n c e o n
2 8 4
t h e b a s i s o f p e r s o n a l v i s i t a n d o b s e r v a t i o n , l a y o u t o f t h e
l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g s o f t h e M . S . U n i v e r s i t y ? Q u j a r a t U n i v e r s i t y ;
S . P . U n i v e r s i t y , S a u r a s t r a U n i v e r s i t y ; a n d S o u t h G u j a r a t
U n i v e r s i t y a r e d i s c u s s e d . T h e B h a v n a g a r u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y
h a s n o t i t s o w n b u i l d i n g , a n d i s s i t u a t e d i n t h e c o l l e g e
l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g .
6 1 THE. M , s r UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BUlUlIttS.
T h e M . S . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y c a m e i n t o e x i s t e n c e i n 1 9 5 0 , y e a r
a f t e r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y . T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e l i b r a r y
b u i l d i n g w a s c o m p l e t e d i n 1 9 5 8 . T h e t o t a l c a r p e t a r e a o f t h e b u i l d i n g i s a b o u t
8 0 0 00 s q u a r e f e e t a n d h a s a c o s t o f R s . 1 0 , 0 8 , 2 3 8 » 0 0 .
T h e m a i n f l o o r o f t h e l i b r a r y i s t h e f i r s t f l o o r . F o r a d v a n t a g e s
o f t h e n o r t h l i g h t . T h e r e a d i n g r o o m i s p l a c e d i n t h e r e a r w h i c h h a s t h e
c a p a c i t y t o a c c o m m o d a t e a b o u t 5 0 0 r e a d e r s . T h e e a s t w e s t c o r r i d o r
t h r o u g h t h e b u i l d i n g s e p a r a t e s t h e s e r v i c e a n d t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e
a r e a . T h e l i b r a r y c a t a l o g u e s a r e n e a r t h e c i r c u l a t i o n c o u n t e r o n t h e
e n t r a n c e s i d e o f t h e r e a d i n g r o o m a n d s t a c k a r e a . T h e r e a r e s t a c k r o o m s
o f t h e s a m e s i z e a s r e a d i n g r o o m , w h i c h h a v e c a p a c i t y t o a c c o m m o d a t e
a b o u t 3 , 0 0 , 0 0 0 v o l u m e s . I n a d d i t i o n t o t h i s t h e s t a c k a r e a h a s a n
a c c o m m o d a t i o n f o r a b o u t 2 3 0 r e a d e r s , a b o u t 8 5 b e i n g i n s i n g l e c a r r e l s .
T o t a l f l o o r a r e a , o f t h e l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g i s a l i t t l e o v e r 8 0 , 0 0 0 s q u a r e
f e e t . A s s u c h t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e a n d t h e r e a d i n g a r e a s f l a n k t h e s t a c k s s o
t h a t q u i c k a n d e f f i c i e n t s e r v i c e c a n b e e a s i l y
2 8 5 2 8 5
5555555391
SMT. HANSA MEHTA
LIBRARY M .
5 . UNIVERSITY OF
BARODA
559 STACK BOOM
560 COUNTER
561 CUBICLES
562 SPECIAL COLLECTION
G R O UN D F L O O R
SMT. HANS A MEHTA LIBRARYM . S . UNIVERSITY OF BAROD / *
CO
2 2
g i v e n . T h e r e i s a b o o k l i f t t o o p e r a t e b e t w e e n t h e s t a c k a n d t o f a c i l i t a t e
c o u n t e r w o r k .
62 BUJARAT UNTVER9ITY LIBRARY BUILPINB
T h e G u j a r a t u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y c a m e i n t o e x i s t e n c e i n 1 9 5 1 y e a r
a f t e r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y . T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g
w a s c o m p l e t e d i n 1 9 67 . T h e t o t a l c a r p e t a r e a o f t h e b u i l d i n g i s a b o u t
2 7 0 1 . 6 4 s q u a r e m e t e r s a n d i t s c o s t o f c o n s t r u c t i o n i s R s . 7 , 8 7 , 6 4 7 . 0 0 .
T h i s h a s o n e c e l l a r , a g r o u n d f l o o r , f i r s t f l o o r a n d t h r e e m a z z n i n e f l o o r s . T h e
b u i l d i n g i s a l m o s t i n t h e m i d s t o f t h e t e a c h i n g d e p a r t m e n t s a n d i s e a s i l y
a c c e s s i b l e t o r e a d e r s .
T h e s t a c k r o o m i s i n t h e c e l l a r o f t h e b u i l d i n g , h a v i n g
c a p a c i t y t o a c c o m m o d a t e a b o u t 1 , 5 0 , 0 0 0 v o l u m e s . O n t h e r e a r o f t h e
g r o u n d f l o o r t e c h n i c a l , p r o c e s s i n g a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i v e s e c t i o n s o f t h e
l i b r a r y o r a c c o m m o d a t e d ; i n t h e f r o n t t h e r e i s l i b r a r y c a t a l o g u e t o
t h e e a s t o f t h e c i r c u l a t i o n c o u n t e r ; a n d w e s t o f i t t h e p e r i o d i c a l
s e c t i o n , t h e s e m i n a r r o o m a n d t h e l i b r a r y s c i e n c e c l a s s r o o m a r e
s i t u a t e d . I n b e t w e e n g r o u n d f l o o r a n d f i r s t f l o o r t h e r e i s o n e m a z z n i n e
f l o o r w h i c h s p l i t s f i r s t f l o o r i n t o t w o , o f w h i c h n o r t h f l o o r
a c c o m m o d a t e s r e a d i n g r o o m a n d s o u t h f l o o r a c c o m m o d a t e s t h e b a c k
v o l u m e s o f t h e p e r i o d i c a l s . O n t h e f i r s t m a z z n i n e f l o o r t h e r e a r c
l i b r a r i a n ' s r o o m , r e p r o g r a p h i c s e c t i o n a n d s t o r e . T h e s e c o n d m a z z n i n e f l o o r
a c c o m m o d a t e s s i x c u b i c l e s a n d t h r e e s t o r e s a n d s m a l l r e a d i n g a r e a . T h e t h i r d
m a z z n i n e f l o o r a c c o m m o d a t e s r a r e l y u s e d r e a d i n g m a t e r i a l s . T h e r e i s
a b o o k l i f t t o o p e r a t e b e t w e e n t h e s t a c k s a n d t o
2 89
f ENT
GUJARAT
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
I
4
563 ISSUE CORNER
564 LIBRARY CATALOGUE
565 OFFICE AND TECHNICAL SECTlop
566 CL
ASS
ROOM
j
567 SE
MINA
R
ROOM
j
568 BO
OK
LIFT
2 9 1 2 9 1
f a c i l i t a t e c o u n t e r w o r k s o t h a t q u i c k a n d e f f i c i e n t s e r v i c e c a n b e e a s i l y g i v e n .
I f i t i s p l a n n e d p r o p e r l y i t i s t r u e t h a t t h e m a z z n i n e f l o o r c u t s d o w n
t h e c o s t o f c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d m a k e s a v a i l a b l e m a x i m um c a r p e t a r e a a t l o w c o s t .
B u t i n G u j a r a t u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y i t i s f o u n d t h a t w i t h t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f
m a z z n i n e f l o o r ' s c o n c e p t i t h a s l o s t i t s f u n c t i o n a l i t y d u e t o w a s t a g e i n l o b b y i e s
o n e a c h f l o o r .
6 3 S . P . UN I VE RS I T Y L I B R ARY B UI L DI NG
T h e S . P . u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y c a m e i n t o e x i s t e n c e i n t h e y e a r 1 9 5 7 ,
t w o y e a r s a f t e r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y . T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k o f t h e
b u i l d i n g w a s u n d e r t a k e n i n 1 9 60 . I t t o o k f o u r y e a r s t o c o m p l e t e . T h e t o t a l
c a r p e t a r e a i s a b o u t 5 6 , 2 4 0 s q u a r e f e e t a n d i t s c o s t o f c o n s t r u c t i o n i s R s .
1 0 , 0 0 , 0 0 0 . T h i s h a s f i v e s t a c k s e a c h o f 64" x 7 2 ' , h a v i n g c a p a c i t y t o
a c c o m m o d a t e 3 , 0 0 , 0 0 0 v o l u m e s . T h e r e a r e t w o r e a d i n g r o o m s o f 1 0 4 ' x 4 0' t o
a c c o m m o d a t e 7 0 0 s t u d e n t s . O n t h e s e c o n d f l o o r t h e r e a r e 1 6 c a r r e l s . T h e s h a p e
o f t h e b u i l d i n g i s T s h a p e .
O n t h e g r o u n d f l o o r o f t h e b u i l d i n g , e a s t w i n g i s o c c u p i e d f o r t h e
r e a d i n g r o o m a n d i n w e s t w i n g t h e r e a r e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e a r e a , a n d t e c h n i c a l
p r o c e s s i n g a r e a . T h e c i r c u l a t i o n c o u n t e r i s s i t u a t e d i n t h e c e n t r e o f t h e
b u i l d i n g o n t h e g r o u n d f l o o r f a c i n g t h e m a i n e n t r a n c e w h e r e the c o n t r o l d e s k
o p e r a t e s . T h e f i r s t f l o o r i s o c c u p i e d f o r the m u s e u m o f t r i b a l s o f G u j a r a t .
T h e s e c o n d r e a d i n g r o o m i s i n
2 9 2
294
NREAACS
294
LIBRARY
BUILDING.
SAURASHTRA
UNIVERSITY
RAJKQT. I
569 READING ROOM
570 LIBRARY CATALOGUE
571 OFFICE
572 LIBRARIAN'S
ROOM
573 STACK ROOM
574 CUBICLES
575 PERIODICAL
SECTION 8 CANTEEN
9 ISSUE COUNTER
Q i
A N — >
2 9 G 2 9 G
t h e e a s t w i n g o f t h e s e c o n d f l o o r a n d l i b r a r y s c i e n c e d e p a r t m e n t i s i n t h e
w e s t w i n g . A s s u c h t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e a n d t h e r e a d i n g a r e a s f l a n k t h e s t a c k s
s o t h a t q u i c k a n d e f f i c i e n t s e r v i c e c a n b e e a s i l y g i v e n . T h e r e i s a b o o k l i f t
t o o p e r a t e b e t w e e n t h e s t a c k a n d t o f a c i l i a t a t c c o u n t e r w o r k .
6 * S A UR AS TR A WVERSITY L I B RA RY WI LPI NO
T h e S a u r a s t r a U n i v e r s i t y L i b r a r y c a m e i n t o e x i s t e n c e i n 1 9 67 w i t h
t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y . T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g w a s
c o m p l e t e d i n 1 9 7 3 . T h e t o t a l c a r p e t a r e a o f t h e b u i l d i n g i s a b o u t 1 2 4 5 s q u a r e
m e t e r s a n d h a s a c o s t o f R s . 5 , 7 3 , 6 4 9 . 0 0 .
T h e l i b r a r y h a s o n l y g r o u n d f l o o r i n T s h a p e , a n d h a s p r o v i s i o n o f
h o r i z o n t a l a n d v e r t i c a l e x p a n s i o n . P a s s a g e s e p a r a t e s t h e r e a d i n g r o o m
a n d t e c h n i c a l p r o c e s s a r e a , a d m i n i s t r a t i v e a r e a , a n d . t h e s t a c k r o o m
r e a r o f t h e s t a c k r o o m i s i n t h e w e s t s i d e o f t h e b u i l d i n g f a c i n g w i n d o w s
o n n o r t h a n d s o u t h . R e a d i n g r o o m i s i n t h e f r o n t o f t h e s o u t h w i n g .
W h e r e a s i n n o r t h t h e r e i s p e r i o d i c a l r o o m . C i r c u l a t i o n c o u n t e r i s f a c i n g
m a i n e n t r a n c e a d j o i n g s t a c k r o o m . S t a c k r o o m h a s c a p a c i t y t o
a c c o m m o d a t e a b o u t 1 . 2 5 l a k h v o l u m e s . R e a d i n g r o o m a c c o m m o d a t e s 1 0 0
s t u d e n t s a t a t i m e . 6 5 SOUTH BUJARAT UN I VE R S I T Y L I B R ARY
B UI L P I NS
T h e S o u t h G u j a r a t U n i v e r s i t y L i b r a r y c a m e i n t o e x i s t e n c e i n 1 9 6 8
y e a r a f t e r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y . T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e l i b r a r y
b u i l d i n g s t a r t e d i n 1 9 7 4 a n d c o m p l e t e d i n 1 9 7 6 a t t h e c o s t o f R s .
1 3 , 6 3 , 0 0 0 / - w h i c h h a s c a r p e t a r e a o f a b o u t 2 11 0 s q u a r e m e t e r .
2 9 7
55555
5555
□SOUTH
Cn
UTA
R/T
T
UNI
VE
RSI
TY
LIB
RA
RY
2 9 9
The South Gujarat Univer s i ty l ibrary bui ld ing i s on pi l lar s due to the near by sea-
shore to avo id humid i ty. The bui ld ing i s in J shape , and has s ingl e f loor and a
mazznine f loor. It has a l so provi s ion for horizonta l as wel l ver t ica l expans ion. The
admini s t rat ive and technica l proce s s area i s s i tuat ed in the front wing o f the bui ld ing.
The cir cu lat ion counter i s fac ing entrance , and ad jo ing s tack area on the ground
f loor and mazznine f loor. On the mazznine f loor there i s per iod ica l se c t ion,
reprograph ic se c t ion and read ing room. Stack room has capac i ty to accommodat e about
1,15,000 volumes and read ing room provide seat s to 100 student s at a t ime.
7 S PAC E B S g u i R R r l E HT S
One of the main problems to arr ive at space requirement s in
l ibrary bui ld ing are spat ial re la t ionsh ip and space problems in des igning the l ibrary bui ld ing.
Space must be e s t imated for each funct ion and servi ce o f the l ibrary, to provide e f f i c i ent
Jibrary service s at minimum admini s t rat ive co s t , which al so provide ea sy acce s s to
each area with minimum di s turbance. The UBC Library Commit tee (14)has
pleaded the. number and types of rooms, a univer s i ty LLhrary should have . They are
; Stack room; catalogue room? General read ing room ; Period ica l read ing room ;
spec ia l read ing room; Research cubic l e s j Group s tudy room i Seminar room;
Exhibi t ion room; Librarian's room; Deputy l ibrar ian's room > Technica l s t af f room i
Admini s t rat ive s t af f room ; Commit tee
3 003 00
r o o m ; D i s p l a y s p a c e a t e n t r a n c e ? N i g h t w a t c h m a n ' s r o o m ; D e p a r t m e n t o f
L i b r a r y S c i e n c e j M i c r o f i l m r e a d i n g r o o m ; a n d D o c u m e n t r e p r o d u c t i o n r o o m .
T h e UG C h a s f u r t h e r s u g g e s t e d t h e s i z e o f t h e s e r o o m s a s u n d e r ;
B f i f i S f . g .£ £ i D J L UJU. Q± ATM j j L S 9 o _ m e e , r s^
585 L i b r a r i a n a n d D e p u t y l i b r a r i a n 3 0 p e r p e r s o n
586 C l a s s i f i e r , c a t a l o g u e r , a c c e s s i o n l i b r a r i a n a n dm a i n t e n a n c e l i b r a r i a n . 9 p e r s o n
587 S e c r e t a r y t o l i b r a r i a n . 9
588 V i s i t o r s r o o m . 1 5
589 A d m i n i s t r a t i v e a n d p r o f e s s i o n a l s t a f f n o t a t s e r v i c e p o i n t s a n do t h e r t h a n t h o s e m e n t i o n e d a t 2 a b o v e 5 p e r p e r s o n
590 S e m i n a r r o o m . 2 0
591 C u b i c l e s . 7
592 C o m m i t t e e r o o m . 2 0
F o r D e p a r t m e n t o f L i b r a r y S c i e n c e
593 P r o f e s s o r s a n d o t h e r t e a c h e r s . 1 5 p e r p e r s o n
1 0 . S e c r e t a r i a t o f d e p a r t m e n t . 3 0
594 C l a s s r o o m . 1 . 5 p e r s t u d e n t
595 P r a c t i c a l r o o m . 3 p e r s t u d e n t
596 G r o u p d i s c u s s i o n r o o m . 1 5
1 4 . O t h e r r o o m s . A c c o r d i n g t ol o c a l n e e d
G e l f a n d ( 1 5 ) s u g g e s t s t h e f o l l o w i n g f i g u r e s f o r m a k i n g
r o u g h e s t i m a t e s o f f l o o r a r e a r e q u i r e m e n t a s u n d e r ;
3 0 1
" F o r l i b r a r y m a t e r i a l s i 1 s q u a r e f o o t p e r 15 v o l u m e s , f o r s e a t i n g s p a c e , a f t e r
d e c i d i n g t h e s i z e o f e a c h g r o u p o f r e a d e r s - u n d e r g r a d u a t e s , g r a d u a t e
s t u d e n t s , f a c u l t y - f o r W h i c h s e a t i n g s h o u l d b e p r o v i d e d J 25 s q u a r e f e e t f o r
u n d e r g r a d u a t e , 35 s q u a r e f e e t f o r e a c h g r a d u a t e s t u d e n t , 7 5 s q u a r e
f e e t f o r e a c h f a c u l t y m e m b e r .
F o r s t a f f , c o u n t i n g p r e s e n t a n d a n t i c i p a t e d s i z e j 100 s q u a r e f e e t p e r
p e r s o n .
S p a c e f o r o t h e r p u r p o s e j U n d e r t h i s h e a d i n g t h e r e m a y b e i n c l u d e d
t h e s p a c e r e q u i r e d f o r s t a i r w a y s , l o b b i e s , c o r r i d o r
d u s t w o r k f o r v e n t i l a t i o n o r a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g , b u i l d i n g
s e r v i c e a n d o t h e r a c c o m m o d a t i o n . F o r r o u g h e s t i m a t i n g
p u r p o s e s , M e t c a l f t l 6 ) s u g g e s t s " a d d i n g 4 0 p e r c e n t o f t h e t o t a l
f l o o r s p a c e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r b o o k s , r e a d e r s a n d s t a f f , t o
a l l o w f o r a l l o t h e r p u r p o s e s " . T h u s , i f 10,000 s q u a r e f e e t a r e
r e q u i r e d f o r b o o k s , r e a d e r s a n d s t a f f , 4 , 0 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t s h o u l d
b e a d d e d f o r a l l o t h e r p u r p o s e s " .
T h e s e n o r m s a r e n o t b e i n g f o l l o w e d i n t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s o f
G u j a r a t . A l l t h e l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g s i n t h e s t a t e a r e c o n s t r u c t e d a c c o r d i n g t o a
g e n e r a l p l a n a p p r o v e d b y t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e u n i v e r s i t y a u t h o r i t i e s , a n d t h e s p a c e
t h u s m a d e a v a i l a b l e h a s g o t t o b e u s e d b y t h e l i b r a r i a n s f o r v a r i o u s l i b r a r y
f u n c t i o n s . I t i s n a t u r a l t h a t s o m e r o o m s a r e l e s s t h a n w h a t t h e y s h o u l d b e i n
s i z e a n d s o m e r o o m s a r e w r o n g l y
3 0 2 3 0 2
al located for want of p r o p e r c ir cu lat ion.
7 1 STACK RPPM
The book s tack, which cons t i tute s the great re se rvo i r of knowledge in the l ibrary,
must have the capac i ty to accommodat e the pre sent re source s and future acqui s i t ions . It must be
f lex ibl e and expandibl e to meet evergrowing acce s s ions in the s t ack. The s tack room should
be des igned
and equipped not only to house the co l l ec t ion but al so to
fac i l i t at e the ir use .
In order to devi se the space for book s tack for a
new bui ld ing, Metcal f sugges t s the fo l lowing bas ic que s t ions
to be cons idered ;
"1 . What i s a vo lume ? some l ibrar ie s cal l anyth ing over 50 pages or perhaps 100
pages a vo lume and, i f i t has f ewer page s , a pamphlet .
597 How tal l and , even more important , how th ick i s an average vo lume ?
598 Is there a sat i s f ac tory formula for capac i ty that can be used ?
599 Are the books to be she lved primar i ly by sub ject with perhaps a l imited
amount of segregat ion by s iz e for out s iz e vo lumes , or pr imari ly by s iz e ?
600 How much space i s occupied by the pre sent book co l le c t ion ?
601 At what rate the co l lec t ion expected to grow in the years immediat e ly
ahead ?
602 How ful l does the l ibrary propose to f i l l i t s
3 0 3
she lves before the s i tuat ion i s cons idered into lerabl e ?
8. How long should the new bui ld ing be expect ed to be adequate before i t i s
rep laced or enlarged ?"(17).
Accord ing to Kaula the fo l lowing factor s may be cons idered while
e s t imat ing the s tack space .
"1 . The nature of mater ial to be s t acked {
603 The in i t ial s iz e of the co l le c t ion inc lud ing the document s from other
cons t i tuent l ibrar ie s ? and
604 The probable annual rate o f growth o f the co l l ec t ions , for at
leas t twenty year s " (18) .
Various at t empt s have been made to arr ive at a formula for ca lculat ing s tack
capaci ty. Hender son (19) recommends f i f t e en vo lumes o f average s ize per square foo t o f f loor
space where the s tack ce i l ing height i s 7 f ee t and 6 inches . Metcal f (20) sugges t s the
fo l lowing j
"1 . Standard method for f igur ing vo lume capac i ty i s 15 vo lumes per square foot of
f loor space .
605 If the s t ack i s to be the s tandard height o f 7 fee t and 6 inches in the c l ear,
two volumes per cubic foot can be used as a sa fe e s t imate .
606 In most ca se s none of the methods us ed i s a s sat i s f ac tory as the one
bas ed on the exact measurement s of the pre sent co l le c t ions . Find out
how many s tandard s ingle faced sec t ions 3 fee t wide and 7 feet 6 inches h igh
would be required to house
3 0 4 3 0 4
t h e p r e s e n t c o l l e c t i o n s i f e v e r y i n c h o f s p a c e w e r e u s e d , t h e n a d d
f i f t y p e r c e n t t o t h a t n u m b e r t o o b t a i n t h e f i g u r e f o r c o m f o r t a b l e
s t o r a g e o f t h e p r e s e n t c o l l e c t i o n . A n d f i n a l l y , a d d e n o u g h s e c t i o n s
t o c a r e f o r g r o w t h f o r t h e p e r i o d f o r w h i c h t h e , p l a n s a r e b e i n g
m a d e . "
A c c o r d i n g t o t h e UB C L i b r a r y C o m m i t t e e t h e
d i m e n s i o n s o f s t a c k r o o m s h o u l d b e a s f o l l o w s j
" 1 . C l e a r l e n g t h J-
I . 8 0 n p l u s 3 . 1 5 m e t e r s w h e r e n i s t h e n u m b e r o f r o w s o f b o o k r a c k s .
N o t e 1 . T h e c e n t r e t o c e n t r e d i s t a n c e b e t w e e n c o n s e c u t i v e r a c k s i s 1 . 8 0 m ( o n
t h e b a s i s o f 0 . 4 5 m r a c k - d e p t h p l u s 1 . 3 5 m o f c r o s s g a n g w a y
w i d t h ) .
N o t e 2. i - T h e d i s t a n c e f r o m a n e n d w a l l o f t h e s t a c k r o o m t o t h e c e n t r e o f t h e
n e a r e s t r o w o f r a c k s i s 1 .575 m ( o n t h e b a s i s o f 1 . 3 5 m o f t h e
e n d c r o s s g a n g w a y w i d t h p l u s 0 . 2 2 5 m o f h a l f t h e r a c k d e p t h ) .
2, C l e a r w i d t h i -
3 m ( o n t h e b a s i s o f o n e b o o k r a c k 2 m l o n g p l u s o n e s i d e g a n g w a y o f
o n e m e t e r ) c l o s e t o a l o n g i t u d i n a l w a l l ; o r
5 m ( o n t h e b a s i s o f 2 b o o k r a c k s e a c h 2 m l o n g p l u s o n e s i d e g a n g w a y o f
o n e m e t r e w i d t h ) c l o s e t o a l o n g i t u d i n a l w a l l ? o r
8 m ( o n t h e b a s i s o f 3 b o o k r a c k s e a c h 2 m l o n g p l u s
3 05
t w o B i d s g a n g w a y o f o n e m e t r e w i d t h ) c l o s e t o a l o n g i t u d i n a l w a l l ; o r
10 m ( o n t h e b a s i s o f 4 b o o k r a c k s e a c h 2 m l o n g p l u s t w o s i d e
g a n g w a y s o f o n e m e t r e w i d t h ) c l o s e t o e a c h o f t h e l o n g i t u d i n a l w a l l .
N o t e T h r e e m e t e r s a n d f i v e m e t e r s w i d t h a r e g e n e r a l l y
o n l y i n t h e c a s e o f s t a c k s p a c e s , a s t h e s t a c k r o o m a n d t h e r e a d i n g r o o m
m a y b e c o m b i n e d i n t o a s i n g l e r o o m , i n s u c h c a s e s . 3. C l e a r h e i g h t : -
F l o o r t o c e i l i n g 2.35 m . N o t e 1 i - T h e h e i g h t o f t h e b o o k r a c k
i s 2.20 m a n d
a l l o w a n c e f o r b a y g u i d e s i s 0.15 m . N o t e 2 i - E a c h u n i t b o o k r a c k 2 m
l o n g m a y b e a s s u r e d t o h o u s e 7 0 0 t o 7 5 0 v o l u m e s a n d o n e s q u a r e m e t r e o f
s t a c k r o o m a r e a m a y b e a s s u m e d t o h o u s e 150 v o l u m e s .
N o t e 3 i - I n a u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y t h e n u m b e r o f t i e r s m a y b e f o u r , a n d i n a
c o l l e g e l i b r a r y , i t m a y be t w o " (21).
T h e s u g g e s t i o n s o f R a n g a n a t h a n w e r e a d o p t e d a l m o s t i n t o t o b y t h e
I n d i a n S t a n d a r d s I n s t i t u t i o n (22) w h i l e g i v i n g r e c o mm e n d a t i o n s f o r l i b r a r y
s t a c k s i z e s .
W h i l e o b s e r v i n g t h e b o o k s t a c k s o f d i f f e r e n t u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y
b u i l d i n g s i n S u j a r a t t h e a b o v e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s h a v e b e e n n o t f o l l o w e d . I t i s
t r u e t h a t t h e s p a c e i s p r o v i d e d f o r h o u s i n g r e a d i n g m a t e r i a l s i n t h e s t a c k ,
3 0 6 3 0 6
b u t a r b i t r a r i l y a t t h e w i l l o f t h e a r c h i t e c t . T h e c o m p a r a t i v e d a t a o f t h e
h o l d i n g s , a v e r a g e a n n u a l a d d i t i o n s a n d t o t a l b o o k c a p a c i t y o f t h e s t a c k i s s h o w n
i n t h e f o l l o w i n g t a b l e .
TABLE 38.
C O M PA R AT IV E P OS I TI O N O F S TAC K A RE A AN D I TS HO US I NG C A PAS I T Y IN UN I V ER S I T Y L I B RA R IE S O F G U JA R AT
UN I V ER S I T Y H O L DI N GS AVE RAGE AC T UA L H O US IN G S TAC K A RE A
L I B RA RY ( 1 9 87 ) AN N UA L C A PAS I T Y O F ( S q . f t . )A DDI T I O N B O O KS I N
S TAC K( 1 9 80 - 8 7 )
M . S . 3 , 4 8 , 0 1 7 7 , 1 2 4 3 , 0 0 , 0 0 0G U JA R AT 2 , 9 7 , 0 8 0 5 , 4 1 4 1 , 5 0 , 0 0 0S . P . 1 , 3 5 , 8 0 3 3 , 4 9 1 3 , 0 0 , 0 0 0S A URA S T R A 1 , 0 2 , 5 9 0 4 , 3 3 4 1 , 0 0 , 0 0 0S O UT H 1 , 0 4 , 0 0 0 4 , 8 1 4 1 , 1 5 , 0 0 0G U JA R AT
NO T E * * A p p r o x i m a t e
F r o m t h e t a b l e t h i r t y e i g h t i t i s c l e a r t h a t t h e
s t a c k a r e a o f t h e M . S . U n i v e r s i t y i s a l r e a d y f u l l , w i t h t h e
r e s u l t r e a d i n g a r e a f r o m t h e s t a c k a r e a i s v a c a t e d t o
a c c o m m o d a t e e x c e s s b o o k s . T h e h o l d i n g s o f t h e G u j a r a t
U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y h a s r e a c h e d a l m o s t d o u b l e t o i t s c a p a c i t y
h o u s e d i n t h e i r s t a c k a r e a , w i t h t h e r e s u l t r e a d i n g r o o m i s
o c c u p i e d t o h o u s e t h e b o o k s . S a u r a s t r a u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y
s t a c k i s a l r e a d y f u l l a n d e x t e n s i o n o f t h e s t a c k a r e a i s
b e i n g u n d e r t a k e n . W h e r e a s S . P . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y a n d S o u t h
G u j a r a t U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y h a v e a d e q u a t e s p a c e p r o v i s i o n t o
h o l d f u t u r e a c q u i s i t i o n s f o r a p e r i o d o f a t l e a s t f i v e t o t e n
y e a r s .
O n e d e v i c e t o i n c r e a s e t h e c a p a c i t y o f s h e l v i n g i n t h e e x i s t i n g
b u i l d i n g s i s c o m p a c t b o o k s t o r a g e , a n d t h e o t h e r
1 6 , 9 0 0 1 0 , 3 2 0 *
1 8 , 4 3 0 *
3 , 0 5 0 *
3 0 7
d e v i c e i s t o w e e d o u t r e a d i n g m a t e r i a l r e g u l a r l y . T h i s h e l p s i n p r o v i d i n g s p a c e
f o r n e w a r r i v a l s i n t h e s t a c k a r e a . S u r p r i s i n g l y G u j a r a t u n i v e r s i t y h a s h o u s e d
t h e b o o k s i n t h e i r s t a c k r o o m m o r e t h a n t h e d o u b l e o f i t s c a p a c i t y a n d n o t m a d e
a n y a t t e m p t t o w i t h d r a w u n s e r v i c e a b l e u n u s e d b o o k s f r o m i t s s t a c k .
7 2 G EN ER A L REAPIN9 A RE A
I t i s a c o m p l i c a t e d a f f a i r t o c a l c u l a t e t h e s p a c e r e q u i r e m e n t
a n d t h e n u m b e r o f s e a t s f o r r e a d e r s i n t h e g e n e r a l r e a d i n g
r o o m . T h e UG C L i b r a r y C o m m i t t e e (23 ) r e c o m m e n d e d t h e p r o v i s i o n
o f r e a d e r ' s s e a t s i n t h e u n i v e r s i t y c e n t r a l l i b r a r y a t a r a t e o f 1 / 5 o f
t h e n u m b e r o f t h e s t u d e n t s , a n d 1 / 1 0 o f t h e n u m b e r o f t e a c h e r s . T h e
I S I a l s o m a k e s t h e s a m e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n . H o w e v e r , i t i s o b s e r v e d t h a t " t h e
u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i n I n d i a h a v e g e n e r a l l y p r o v i d e d r e a d i n g s e a t s t o t h e
e x t e n t o f 5 t o 1 5 p e r c e n t o f t h e s t u d e n t
e n r o l m e n t - - - - - - -T h e r e a s o n f o r t h e l e s s n u m b e r o f r e a d i n g r o o m
s e a t s a p p e a r s t o l i e i n t h e f a c t t h a t t h e s t u d e n t e n r o l m e n t i n r e c e n t y e a r s h a s s h o t
u p t o u n m a n a g e a b l e p r o p o r t i o n s i n I n d i a n u n i v e r s i t i e s " ( 2 4 ) .
I S I p r e s c r i b e s t h e a v e r a g e a r e a p e r r e a d e r i n t h e r e a d i n g r o o m t o b e
2 . 3 3 s q u a r e m e t r e s . T h e UG C L i b r a r y C o m m i t t e e s u g g e s t s t h e s i z e o f a r e a d i n g
r o o m a s u n d e r >
" 1 . L e n g t h - 1 . 5 n ( e x c l u d i n g t h e c o n t r o l r e g i o n w h e r e n i s t h e n u m b e r
o f r o w s o f r e a d i n g t a b l e s ) . 2 . W i d t h - 5 m ( o n t h e b a s i s o f t w o
t a b l e s e a c h 2 m l o n g p l u s c e n t r a l g a n g w a y o f 1 m w i d e ) t o r 7 . 5
m
3 0 8
( o n t h e b a s i s o f t h r e e t a b l e s e a c h 2 m l o n g c e n t r a l g a n g w a y 1 . 5 m
w i d e ) ; o r
1 0 m ( o n t h e b a s i s o f f o u r t a b l e s e a c h 2 m l o n g c e n t r a l g a n g w a y
2 m w i d e ) .
N o t e x - T h e s i z e o f t h e r e a d i n g t a b l e i s 2 x 0 . 7 0 m . T h e
c e n t r e t o c e n t r e d i s t a n c e b e t w e e n t w o c o n s e c u t i v e r o w s o f
r e a d i n g r o o m t a b l e s i s 1 . 5 m w i t h s e a t i n g a r r a n g e m e n t o n o n e
s i d e o f t h e t a b l e o n l y " ( 2 5 ) .
T a b l e 3 9 p r o v i d e s t h e p o s i t i o n o f n u m b e r o f r e a d e r ' s s c a t s a n d
t h e a r e a o r g e n e r a l r e a d i n g r o o m i n t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s o f G u j a r a t .
TABLE 32.
N UM B ER O F RE A DE R' S S E ATS AN D AR EA I N GE NE R AL R EA DI N G RO O M S IN T HE UN I VE RS I T Y L I B R AR I ES O F G U JA R AT
UN I V ER S I T Y L I B RA RY NO . O F S EAT S A RE A ( S q . f t . )
M . S . 7 5 0 2 0 , 9 5 2G U JA R AT 2 00 4 , 8 3 0S . P . 7 0 0 8 , 3 2 0 *S A UR AS TR A 1 0 0 2 , 5 0 0 *S O UT H G U JA R AT 1 00 3 , 0 0 0
N O T E * » A p p r o x i m a t e
S i m i l a r l y , f o r r e s e a r c h s c h o l a r s u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y s h o u l d p r o v i d e
s e p a r a t e s t u d y a r e a . S o m e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s p r o v i d e c u b i c l e s o r c a r r e l s t o t h e
r e s e a r c h s c h o l a r s . I n G u j a r a t , S . P . a n d S o u t h G u j a r a t u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s d o
n o t p r o v i d e r e s e a r c h c u b i c l e s . T h e r e m a i n i n g u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s
3 0
o f t h e s t a t e p r o v i d e c u b i c l e s f o r t h e i r r e s e a r c h s c h o l a r s . M . S . h a s 1 8 ;
G u j a r a t h a s 9 i a n d S a u r a s t r a U n i v e r s i t y h a s 1 0 c u b i c l e s f o r t h e r e s e a r c h
s c h o l a r s , a d d i t i o n a l l y t h e M . S . u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y h a s 8 5 s i n g l e c a r r e l s i n
t h e i r s t a c k a r e a . 8 F UT UR E C O N S I p ER T Q N^ ^
R e c e n t y e a r s h a v e w i t n e s s e d i n c r e a s e i n s t u d e n t e n r o l l m e n t a n d i n
b o o k p r o d u c t i o n . I t i s n o t c o n c e i v a b l e t h a t a n y u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g
w i l l e v e r r e m a i n t o o l a r g e t o a b s o r b t h i s g r o w t h i n i t s u n a l t e r e d o r i g i n a l f o r m .
T h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s s h o u l d u n d e r t a k e l o n g r a n g p l a n n i n g t o s o l v e t h i s
p r o b l e m .
T h o m p s o n ( 2 6 ) w r i t e s t h a t , " t h e l o n g t e r j n p l a n n i n g i s s e e m i n g l y a n
i m p o s s i b l e t a s k s i f € e -* w e d o t r o t - k n o w w h a 4 f o r m t h e r e a d i n g m a t e r i a l m a y
t a k e " . S t e v e n s o n ' s a s s u m p t i o n a r e m e a n i n g f u l t o k e e p i n m i n d i n t h i s r e l a t i o n
;
" 1 . T h a t t h e p r i n c i p l e f u n c t i o n s o f j t h e . l i b r a r y a r e u n l i k e l y t o b e
d r a s t i c a l l y a l t e r e d ;
607 T h a t t h e l i b r a r y ' s h o l d i n g s w i l l b e i n c o m p u t e r m e m o r y ;
608 T h a t t h e a r e a s o f J i - k e J y m a c h i n e , a p p l i c a t i o n s w i t h
r e a s o n a b l e c e r t a i n t y c a n b e p l a n n e d f o r ; a n d
609T h a t a c c e s s t o a l a r g e r i n f o r m a t i o n n e t w o r k m u s t b e P l a n n e d
f o r " ( 2 7 ) .
D e v e l o p m e n t s o f c o m p u t e r t e c h n o l o g y h a v e i n f l u e n c e d t h e
u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g s o f t h e f u t u r e . " I n I n d i a , c o m p u t e r t e c h n o l o g y
i s g o i n g t o p l a y a v e r y i m p o r t a n t r o l e
3 1 0 3 1 0
i n t h e v a r i o u s t y p e s o f l i b r a r i e s o f t h e f u t u r e a n d t h e r e f o r e ,
m u s t b e a n i n t e g r a l p a r t o f t h e f u t u r e p l a n s o f t h e l i b r a r y o r g a n i z a t i o n .
T h e d a y i s n o t f a r w h e n t h e r e w i l l b e n a t i o n a l n e t w o r k s u n d e r t h e N I S S AT
p r o g r a m m e , w h i c h w i l l b e c o m p u t e r b a s e d , a n d a l l m a j o r l i b r a r i e s
i n c l u d i n g u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s w i l l p a r t i c i p a t e i n t h i s s y s t e m T h e
t e c h n o l o g i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t s w i l l a f f e c t l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g , o r g a n i s a t i o n
a n d o p e r a t i o n s . C h a n g e s a r e b o u n d t o c o m e a n d t h e b e s t w a y t o p r e p a r e f o r
t h e m i s t o p l a n a b u i l d i n g t h a t i s a s f l e x i b l e a s p o s s i b l e s o t h a t a l t e r a t i o n
c a n b e m a d e i n e x p e n s i v e l y . B o o k s i n c o n v e n t i o n a l f o r m w i l l c o n t i n u e t o
e x i s t i n a n y f u t u r e s e t - u p . I t m u s t b e a c c e p t e d t h a t t h e r e a r e
o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r a p p l y i n g m e c h a n i c a l a n d e l e c t r o n i c p r o c e s s t o
l i b r a r y m a t e r i a l s a n d o p e r a t i o n s a t l e a s t t o a l i m i t e d e x t e n t . O n e t h i n g o f
w h i c h w e c a n b e s u r e i s t h a t w e h a v e e x c i t i n g y e a r s a h e a d o f u s i n
l i b r a r y a r c h i t e c t u r e , P l a n n i n g a n d d e s i g n " ( 2 8 ) .
RE F E RE N C ES
610 K A UL A ( P N ) . L i b r a r y b u i l d i n g p l a n n i n g a n d d e s i g n . N e w D e l h i , V i k a s , 1 9 7 1 . p 55.
611 W I LS ON ( L R ) a n d TA UB E R ( M F ) . T h e U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y , 2 n d e d . N e w Y o r k , C o l u m b i a U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , 1 9 5 6 , P 4 84 .
3 . BR O W N ( F H ) , A c a d e m i c^ l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g s i n U.K. I n :A d v a n c e s in 1 i b r a r U n s h i p 3 ( 1 9 7 2 ) P 11 7 .
612 RA NG A N AT HA N ( S R). U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g . I n i Appals o f l i b r a r y sconce, 5 ( 1 9 5 8 ) , PP 2 4 - 2 8 .
613 K A UL A ( P N> . o p . c i t . ( 1 ) . P 6 3 .
614 GE L FA N D ( M A ) . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a i e s f o r d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s . D e l h i , U n i v e r s a l , 1 9 7 4 , p 1 2 4 .
3 1 1
615 T HO M PS ON ( G o d f r e y ) . P l a n n i n g a n d d e s i g n o f l i b r a r yb u i l d i n g s . 2 n d e d . L o n d o n , A r c h i t e c t u r a l P r e s s , 1 9 7 7 , PP 2 2 - 2 4 .
616 M ET C A L F ( K D ) . P l a n n i n g a c a d e m i c a n d r e s e a r c h l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g s , N e w Yo r k , M c G r a w H i l l , 1 9 6 5 , PP 3 03 - 4 .
617 T HO M PS ON ( g o d f r e y ) , o p . c i t . ( 7 ) . PP 4 5 - 4 6 .
618 R AN G AN AT HA N ( S R ) . OP c i t ( 4 ) . p 2 8 .
619 M ET C A L F ( K D ) . o p . c i t . ( 8 ) . p 3 0 4 .
620 M ET C A L F ( K D ) . M o d u l a r p l a n n i n g a n d p h y s i c a l d i m e n s i o n s . I n : p l a n n i n g t h e a c a d e m i c 1 i b r a r y , e d . b y B r o w n , N e w c a s t l e , o r i c l p r e s s , 1 9 7 1 , P 3 4 .
621 R A JWAN T S IN G H . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g s i n I n d i a , N e w D e l h i . A c a d e m i c P u b l i c a t i o n . 1 9 84 . p 1 2 4 .
622 UG C ( IN DI A ) . C o m m i t t e e o n u n i v e r s i t y a n d c o l l e g e l i b r a r i e s ( 1 9 5 7 ) ( C h a i r m a n » S R R a n g a n a t h a n ) . R e p o r t , N e w D e l h i , UG C , 1 9 65 . P. 1 0 5 - 1 0 6 ; PP 11 1 - 1 1 2 .
623GE L FA N D ( M A ) , o p . c i t . ( 6 ) . PP 1 2 9 - 1 2 8 .
624M E T C A L F ( K D ) . T h e l i b r a r i a n ' s f u n c t i o n i n p r o g r a m m i n g . I n s P l a n n i n g §. l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g . C h i c a g o . A L A . 1 9 5 5 .p 1 2 .
1 7 M E T C A L F ( K D ) . o p . c i t . ( 8 ) . p p 1 5 2 - 1 5 4 .
1 8 . K A UL A ( P N ) . o p . c i t . ( 1 ) . P 1 3 5 .
1 9 . HE N DER S O N ( R W ) . A s u g g e s t e d u n i t f o r b o o k s t a c km e a s u r e m e n t ; I n : L i b r a r y J o u r n a l . 5 9 ( 1 9 34 )PP 8 65 - 8 6 8 .
625 M E T C A L F ( K D ) . o p . c i t ( 8 ) . PP 3 03 - 4 .
626 UG C ( I n d i a ) , o p . c i t . ( 1 4 ) . p 11 0 .
2 2 . I n d i a n S t a n d a r d s I n s t i t u t i o n . R e c o m m e n d a t i o n r e l a t i n g t o p r i m a r y e l e m e n t s i n t h e d e s i g n o f l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g s . N e w D e l h i , I S I , 1 9 7 7 . P 5 .
627 UG C ( I n d i a ) , OP. c i t . ( 1 4 ) . p 1 0 4 .
628 R A JWAN T S IN G H , o p . c i t . ( 1 3 ) . p 1 2 9 .
629 UG C ( I n d i a ) , o p . c i t . ( 1 4 ) p 11 1 .
630 T HO M PS ON ( G o d f r e y ) , o p . c i t . ( 7 ) . p 1 4 .
3 1 2 3 1 2
2 7 S TE VE NS ON ( G 0 ) . I m p a c t o f a u t o m a t i o n o n l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g d e s i g n . I n i L i b r a r y b u i I d i n g g . E d . A . F . T r e s z a . C h i c a g o , A L A , 1 9 7 2 . p 2 8 0 .
2 8 R A J W A N T S I N G H , OP. c i t . ( 1 3 ) . PP 2 0 3 - 2 0 4 .
3 1 3
C HA P T E R 8
O B S ER VAT I O NS AN D S UGG ES T I ON S
631 I n t r o d u c t i o n
632 L i b r a r y m a n a g e m e n t
633 L i b r a r y c o m m i t t e e
634 F a c u l t y r e l a t i o n s h i p a n d s t a t u s
635 L i b r a r y s t a f f
636 L i b r a r y C o l l e c t i o n
637 L i b r a r y f i n a n c e s
638 L i b r a r y b u d g e t
639 I n a d e q u a t e f i n a n c e s
640 F i n a n c i a l a l l o c a t i o n
641 F i n a n c i a l A d m i n i s t r a t i o n
642 L i b r a r y s e r v i c e s
643 L i b r a r y c o o p e r a t i o n
644 B a l a n c e d e v e l o p m e n t o f u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s
645 A r e a s f o r f u r t h e r r e s e a r c h
91 C o n c l u s i o n
3 1 4 3 1 4
CHAPTER - &
O B S ER VAT I O N S . Ajf f l .
S UG G ES T I O NS I I N TR O DU C T I O N
A Danish l ibrar ian Thomas Bartho l in (1) wrote as long as in 1672, "
Without books , the God i s s i l ent , jus t i ce dormant , natural s c ience at a s tand ( s t i l l ) ,
Philo sophy lame, l e t t er s dumb and al l th ings invo lved in Cimmerian" . But books by
themselve s fai l to se rve any purpo se un le s s they are put to e f f e c t ive us e . There fore , the need
for provid ing a channel through which such accumulated weal th of knowledge as i s
contained in books may be di s s iminated , and i t i s the l ibrary which can provide such a
channe l . The place i t provides for read ing, the mater ial and the equipment to handle and
make them acce s s ib le and the trained per sonnel to manage the total operat ion in a l ibrary
br ing about the awakening o f thought . Neverthele s s succe s s or fa i lure of such act iv i t i e s
depend s upon var ious factor s of the l ibrary programme.
The univer s i ty l ibrary i s the core o f a univer s i ty. As a re source i t occupie s the
centra l and primary place , because i t se rve s al l the funct ions of un iver s i ty teach ing and
re search , the creat ion of new knowledge and i t s t ransmis s ion to evaluate pre s ent and pas t and
to draw a path for future to come.
The new values at tached to higher educat ion and reorientat ion of the univer s i ty
sy s t em brought the univer s i ty l ibrar ie s and l ibrar ians into a l igh t h i therto unknoym. It
3 1 5
w a s r i g h t l y r e a l i s e d t h a t i f t h e a i m s a n d o b j e c t i v e s o f h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n a r e t o . b e
a c h i e v e d q u i c k l y a n d e f f e c t i v e l y , t h e p l a c e o f l i b r a r y i n t h e u n i v e r s i t y , n e e d s
q u a l i t a t i v e i m p r o v e m e n t .
2 LIBRARY
M AN AQE h E N T 2 1
LIBRARY g p t l M I T T S e
I n G u j a r a t , u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s h a v e a l i b r a r y c o m m i t t e e
t y p e o f a d m i n i s t r a t i o n . I n a l l t h e u n i v e r s i t i e s , t h e l i b r a r y c o m m i t t e e i s
a c o m m o n f e a t u r e a n d i s p r e s i d e d o v e r b y t h e v i c e - c h a n c e l l o r . S a u r a s t r a
U n i v e r s i t y , R a j k o t a n d B h a v n a g a r u n i v e r s i t y , B h a v n a g a r , h o w e v e r , d o
n o t g i v e a n y p l a c e t o i t s u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i a n i n t h e l i b r a r y c o m m i t t e e . I n
t h e r e s t o f t h e u n i v e r s i t i e s o f t h e s t a t e , u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i a n i s t h e
e x - o f f i c i o s e c r e t a r y o f t h e l i b r a r y c o m m i t t e e . T h e l i b r a r y c o m m i t t e e
e n j o y s a v a r i e t y o f p o w e r s d i f f e r i n g f r o m u n i v e r s i t y t o u n i v e r s i t y . T h e
o n e c o m m o n f u n c t i o n a n d p r i v i l e g e o f t h e s e c o m m i t t e e s i s t o a l l o t
s u b j e c t w i s e b o o k s a n d p e r i o d i c a l s g r a n t t o t h e l i b r a r y . I n G u j a r a t ,
u n i v e r s i t i e s e x i s t u n d e r d i f f e r e n t a c t s . T h e r e s u l t i s t h a t t h e l i b r a r y
c o m m i t t e e c o m p o s i t i o n a n d i t s f u n c t i o n s a r e d i f f e r e n t f r o m u n i v e r s i t y t o
u n i v e r s i t y .
I t i s s u g g e s t e d t h a t a n e a r l y s t e p s h o u l d b e t a k e n i n t h i s d i r e c t i o n t o
s t a n d a r d i z e t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a n d e a r m a r k t h e p o w e r s a n d f u n c t i o n s o f t h e
l i b r a r y c o m m i t t e e . T h e l i b r a r i a n s h o u l d b e m a d e e x - o f f i c o m e m b e r s e c r e t a r y
o f t h e l i b r a r y
3 1 6 3 1 6
c o m m i t t e e . T h e l i b r a r y c o m m i t t e e s h o u l d c o n s i d e r i t s e l f a s a n a s s o c i a t e o f t h e
u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i a n a n d v i c e - v e r s a . T h e i n t e r e s t o f t h e c o m m i t t e e s h o u l d b e t o
i m p r o v e t h e o v e r a l l u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y s e r v i c e .
2 2 FAC ULT Y R E L AT I O NS HI P A N J & S TAT US
T h e f a c t t h a t l i b r a r y s t a f f a r e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h s t u d e n t s
a n d f a c u l t y m e m b e r s , a n d t h e f a c t t h a t t h e i r a c a d e m i c t r a i n i n g
i s g e n e r a l l y c o m p a r a b l e t o t h a t o f t h e i n s t r u c t i o n a l s t a f f , m a k e t h e s t a f f
m e m b e r s o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y a s k f o r a c a d e m i c s t a t u s . B u t i t i s
o b s e r v e d t h a t i n g e n e r a l t h e l i b r a r y s t a f f i n t h e u n i v e r s i t i e s a r e
n o t a c c o r d e d s u c h s t a t u s . I n G u j a r a t , b e c a u s e o f t h e
a d m i n i s t r a t i v e s t a t u s g i v e n t o t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i a n i n a l l u n i v e r s i t i e s
i n t h e s t a t e , t h i s p a r i t y a l s o s e e m s t o b e f a d i n g a w a y . T h e p o s i t i o n i s
r a t h e r p r e c a r i o u s . " T h e s t a t u t o r y p o s i t i o n o f t h e l i b r a r i a n i s o n l y f o r m a l l y
d e f i n e d b u t w i t h n o c l e a r c o n n o t a t i o n s a b o u t t h e a r e a o f h i s
o p e r a t i o n i n t h e a c a d e m i c s y s t e m . W i t h a v a g u e p l a c e m e n t i n t h e
a d m i n i s t r a t i v e s t r u c t u r e o f t h e a c a d e m i c i n s t i t u t i o n a n d w i t h m u c h l e s s d e f i n e d
p o s i t i o n i n r e s p e c t o f h i s a c a d e m i c s t a t u s , t h e l i b r a r i a n s f i n d t h e m s e l v e s
i n t h e p o s i t i o n o f n e i t h e r b e i n g f i s h n o r f o w l " ( 2 ) .
I t i s s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i a n s h o u l d b e* t r e a t e d
a s a n a c a d e m i c c o u n t e r p a r t o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y f a c u l t y , a n d m u s t b e
r e p r e s e n t e d a t a l l a c a d e m i c m e e t i n g s o f
3 1 7
t h e u n i v e r s i t y , e s p e c i a l l y t h o s e r e l a t e d t o e x i s t i n g r e s e a r c h p r o j e c t s a n d
u n i v e r s i t y t e a c h i n g . T h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i a n m u s t b e n o m i n a t e d a s a n e x -
o f f i c i o m e m b e r o f t h e a c a d e m i c c o u n c i l , a n d t h e B o a r d o f S t u d i e s . S e n i o r
l i b r a r y s t a f f s h o u l d b e t r e a t e d a t p a r w i t h t h e a c a d e m i c s t a f f f o r t r a i n i n g
a n d f o r r e s e a r c h f a c i l i t i e s . S t u d y l e a v e , e x c h a n g e p r o g r a m m e s h o u l d b e m a d e
a v a i l a b l e t o s e n i o r l i b r a r y s t a f f .
2 3 LIBRARY S TA F F
R e a d i n g m a t e r i a l e x i s t s i n t h e l i b r a r y , b u t i t c a n n o t b e
u t i l i s e d b y t h e r e a d e r s u n l e s s t h e r e i s a s u f f i c i e n t m a n p o w e r t o m a k e t h o s e t h i n g s
a v a i l a b l e . L i b r a r y s t a f f a c t a s l i a s i o n b e t w e e n t h e b o o k s a n d t h e r e a d e r s . T h e
u t i l i t y o f t h e l i b r a r y a n d i t s c o l l e c t i o n d e p e n d s o n t h e i n i t i a t i v e ,
e f f i c i e n c y a n d n u m b e r o f l i b r a r y s t a f f . T h e s t r e n g t h o f l i b r a r y s t a f f
d e p e n d s u p o n t h e l i b r a r y s e r v i c e s t o i t s c l i e n t e l e a n d t h e
f o r m a t i o n o f s t r u c t u r e o f t h e l i b r a r y s y s t e m i n t h e u n i v e r s i t y .
M a n y u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i n G u j a r a t a r e f o u n d u n d e r s t a f f e d
q u a n t i t a t i v e l y a n d i l l - s t a f f e d q u a l i t a t i v e l y , w i t h t h e r e s u l t , t h e
u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y s e r v i c e s a r e e f f e c t e d b a d l y a n d a r e o f s u b - s t a n d a r d .
I t i s s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s o f G u j a r a t a s s e s s t h e
a c t u a l r e q u i r e m e n t o f s t a f f a n d f o l l o w s t a n d a r d s t a f f i n g f o r m u l a g i v e n b y t h e
UG C L i b r a r y C o m m i t t e e a n d b y R a n g a n a t h a n . T h e u n i v e r s i t y a u t h o r i t i e s
s h o u l d a l s o p a y u r g e n t a t t e n t i o n t o f i l l u p t h e v a c a n t p o s t s i n t h e r e s p e c t i v e
u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s o f t h e s t a t e .
3 1 8 3 1 8
A c o r r e c t r a t i o f o r t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y s t a f f : i t i s r e c o m m e n d e d
t h a t t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i n G u j a r a t h a v e a o n e t o t h r e e r a t i o f o r t h e
s t a f f a n d o n e t o t w o r a t i o f o r j u n i o r s t a f f , i . e . o n e l i b r a r i a n , t h r e e d e p u t y
l i b r a r i a n s , a n d t h r e e a s s i s t a n t l i b r a r i a n s , a n d t w o p r o f e s s i o n a l a s s i s t a n t s ,
a n d t w o s e m i p r o f e s s i o n a l a s s i s t a n t s . B e s i d e s l i b r a r y a t t e n d a n t s n u m b e r i n g
e q u a l t o t w o t h i r d o f t h e t o t a l s e r v i c e s t a f f a n d j u n i o r s t a f f p u t t o g e t h e r ,
a n d t e c h n i c a l s t a f f a n d h o u s e k e e p i n g s t a f f n u m b e r i n g e q u a l t o o n e t h i r d o f
t h e t o t a l s e n i o r a n d j u n i o r s t a f f p u t t o g e t h e r , s h o u l d b e a p p o i n t e d .
T o t a l S t a f f « ( S S + J S = 1 : 3 : 3 i 2 t 2 )+ ( L A « 2 / 3 O F S S + J S ) + ( T S + HS =
1 / 3 O F S S + J S ) T h e s u c c e s s o f l i b r a r y d e p e n d s o n t h e e f f i c i e n c y o f t h e
l i b r a r y s t a f f , h e n c e i t i s n e c e s s a r y t h a t t h e l i b r a r y s t a f f s h o u l d b e
p r o f e s s i o a l l y a n d a c a d e m i c a l l y w e l l q u a l i f i e d . F o r t h i s o u r l i b r a r y
e d u c a t i o n p r o g r a m m e i s m o s t e s s e n t i a l . T h e t h e o r y o r i e n t e d l i b r a r y s c i e n c e
c o u r s e s s h o u l d b e c o u p l e d w i t h p r a c t i c e o r i e n t e d c o u r s e s . A n d t o e n c o u r a g e a
s e n s e o f s e r v i c e a n d d e d i c a t i o n t o t h e l i b r a r y s e r v i c e s , s t a f f m a y b e
c o m p e n s a t e d b y a d v a n c e i n c r e m e n t s , p r o m o t i o n s e t c . I n o r d e r t o
i m p r o v e r e a d e r ' s s e r v i c e s , s u b j e c t s p e c i a l i s t s i n r e s p e c t i v e s u b j e c t f i e l d s
s h o u l d b e a p p o i n t e d i n t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s o f t h e s t a t e .
T o w i d e n t h e h o r i z o n s a n d o u t l o o k o f t h e l i b r a r y s t a f f ,
i n t e r - u n i v e r s i t y m u t u a l t r a n s f e r s a n d s h o r t t e r m
3 1 9
e x c h a n g e p r o g r a m m e s s h o u l d b e m a d e a r e g u l a r f e a t u r e t o a d o p t a g e n e r o u s a n d
f l e x i b l e a p p r o a c h t o l i b r a r y s e r v i c e a n d t o m e e t t h e c h a l l e n g e s f a c i n g t h e l i b r a r y
p r o f e s s i o n .
I t i s a l s o o b s e r v e d i n t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s o f G u j a r a t , t h a t
t h e s t a f f r e l a t i o n s a r e p o o r a n d t h e r e a r e g r o u p r i v a l r i e s r e s u l t i n g i n
a v e r y u n h e a l t h y a n d n o n p r o f e s s i o n a l a t m o s p h e r e ; w i t h h i g h t e n s i o n
m o u n t i n g . T h i s n e e d s t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f a c o o p e r a t i v e s p i r i t a n d s e r v i c e
c o n s c i o u s n e s s a n d a f e e l i n g i n o n e n e s s o n t h e p a r t o f l i b r a r y s t a f f . T h e
h e a d s a n d s u b o r d i n a t e s r e l a t i o n s s h o u l d b e i n h a r m o n y . F o r i m p r o v i n g
s t a f f r e l a t i o n s i n u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s , W i l s o n a n d T a u b e r ( 3 )
> i a v e s u g g e s t e d V e r y c o m m a n d m e n t s . T h e y a r e ; ( 1 ) S t a f f e t h i c s ;
t 2 > P h y s i c a l c o n d i t i o n s a n d s t a f f r o o m s ? ( 3 ) S t a f f r e c r e a t i o n * ( 4 ) H e a l t h o f
t h e s t a f f s ( 5 ) S t a f f a s s o c i a t i o n s ? ( 6 ) S t a f f m e e t i n g s ! ( 7 ) C o m m i t t e e s ! ( 8 )
S t a f f p u b l i c a t i o n ; ( 9 J S t a f T m a n u a l s ; a n d t l O ) D e m o c r a c y i n s t a f f
o r g a n i z a t i o n . T h e l i b r a r y s h o u l d b e a d m i n i s t e r e d i n s u c h a w a y t h a t e a c h
s t a f f m e m b e r c o n s i d e r s h i m s e l f / h e r s e l f t o b e a n i m p o r t a n t l i n k o f t h e l i b r a r y
a n d h a s t r u s t i n h i s c o l l e a g u e s a s w e l l t h e i r b o s s e s .
3 UPR/flY CQLUECTIQN
I t i s s i m p l y n o t p o s s i b l e f o r u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y t o d r a w a l i n e i n b o o k
s e l e c t i o n p o l i c y . T h e s u c c e s s o f t h e s o u n d b o o k s e l e c t i o n . p j x l i j C L y d e p e n d s o n
t h e u s e r s s u r v e y a n d s h o u l d b e o r i e n t e d t o w a r d s s u p p o r t i n g i n s t r u c t i o n a n d
r e s e a r c h , e n a b l i n g t h e a c a d e m i c c o m m u n i t y t o g e t a l l t h a t i s
3 2 03 2 0
r e q u i r e d t o k e e p t h e m s e l v e s a b r e a s t w i t h t h e l a t e s t d e v e l o p m e n t s i n t h e i r
r e s p e c t i v e f i e l d s , a n d a l s o t o g e t a c c e s s t o t h e w i d e w o r l d o f b o o k s , b e y o n d t h e
s c o p e a n d b o u n d a r i e s o f t h e i r o w n f i e l d s o f s p e c i a l i z a t i o n .
t h e r e h a s b e e n w o r l d w i d e c o n t r o v e r s y a s t o w h o s h o u l d s e l e c t
t h e b o o k s f o r u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y . W h e t h e r t h i s p r i v i l e g e b e g i v e n t o t h e f a c u l t y
w i t h t h e g u i d a n c e o f t h e l i b r a r i a n o r i t i s t h e p r i v i l e g e o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y
l i b r a r i a n t o s e l e c t b o o k s f o r t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y , o f c o u r s e , w i t h t h e h e l p
o f t h e f a c u l t y ? F i n a l l y , i t i s t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y o f t h e l i b r a r i a n t o t a k e
d e c i s i o n , w h e t h e r t h e l i b r a r y s h o u l d p u r c h a s e t h e b e s t a t t a i n a b l e b o o k f o r t h e
l i b r a r y a n d t h e l i b r a r y a c t u a l l y a f f o r d s t o p u r c h a s e i t . H e / s h e s h o u l d a l w a y s
s e l e c t b o o k s w h i c h w i l l b e o f s e r v i c e t o t h e r e a d e r . H o w e v e r , o n t h i s p a r t o f t h e
c o n t i n e n t , e s p e c i a l l y o n t h e b a s i s o f t h e UG C r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s , t h e p a n e l o f
e x p e r t s a n d t h e l i b r a r i a n s a r e s u p p o s e d t o k e e p t h e c o s t o f b o o k s o r d e r e d
w i t h i n t h e q u o t a m a r k e d f o r s u c h p u r c h a s e s . T h i s i s a v e r y p e c u l i a r
s i t u a t i o n . M o s t o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y , 1 i b r a r i a n s i n I n d i a i n g e n e r a l , a n d
i n G u j a r a t i n p a r t i c u l a r , h a v e b y a n d l a r g e a c c e p t e d t h e UG C s
c o n t e n t i o n . W i t h t h e r e s u l t , m a j o r i t y o f t h e b o o k s s e l e c t e d a r e n o t
i n c o n s o n a n c e w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f s t u d e n t s a n d r e s e a r c h s c h o l a r s .
B o t h t h e l i b r a r y s t a f f a n d f a c u l t y m e m b e r s t h r o w c h a r g e s a n d
a c c u s a t i o n s a g a i n s t e a c h o t h e r . W h i c h e v e r p a r t y i s r e s p o n s i b l e ,
s u c h i m b a l a n c e s a n d n e g l i g e n c e s i n b o o k s e l e c t i o n a n d a c q u i s i t i o n
l e a d t o h a p h a z a r d l i b r a r y
3 2 1
c o l l e c t i o n . I t i s e s t i m a t e d t h a t m o r e t h a n 8 0 p e r c e n t o f t h e b o o k s r e m a i n
u n u s e d , w h i c h r e s u l t s i n n o t h i n g b u t w a s t a g e o f a l r e a d y m e a g r e a n d p r e c i o u s
b o o k f o u n d .
F o r e f f i c i e n t a n d b a l a n c e d b o o k s e l e c t i o n w i t h g r e a t e c o n o m y , i t i s
s u g g e s t e d t h a t u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i n G u j a r a t s h o u l d d e v i s e s o m e
c o o p e r a t i v e a c q u i s i t i o n s c h e m e f o r p u r c h a s i n g f o r e i g n m a t e r i a l i . e .
b o o k s a n d p e r i o d i c a l s t o g e t h e r . F o r i n l a n d p u b l i c a t i o n s i t i s s u g g e s t e d
t h a t a l e g a l a c q u i s i t i v e p r o g r a m m e s h o u l d b e u n d e r t a k e n i n w h i c h a l l s t a n d a r d
p u b l i s h e r s s h o u l d i n v a r i a b l y s e n d a t l e a s t o n e c o p y o f t h e i r l a t e s t
p u b l i c a t i o n t o e a c h u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y i m m e d i a t e l y a f t e r i t s p u h l i c a t
t o n . T h i V s l e a d * t c t h r e e m a i n a d v a n t a g e s , v i z , ( 1 ) A l l u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s
w - i l l g e - t e v e r y n e w a n d s t a n d a r d b o o k o n e a c h s u b j e c t p u b l i s h e d
i n t h e c o u n t r y * ( 2 ) T h e b o o k s w i l l b e r e c e i v e d i n t h e u n i v e r s i t y
l i b r a r i e s a s s o o n a s t h e y a r e p u b l i s h e d ; a n d ( 3 ) S i n c e t h e s u p p l y o f
b o o k s i s o n a s p e c i a l d i s c o u n t r a t e , i t i s e c o n o m i c a l f o r t h e
u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s a s t h e r e w o n' t b e a n y m i d d l e m a n ' s p r o f i t . L t h e l p s
i n a n a u t o m a t i c a l l y q u i c k i n f l o w o f n e w l y p u b l i s h e d l i t e r a t u r e , a n d
r e d u c e s t h e b u r d e n o f b o o k s e l e c t i o n a n d t h e e v i l s t h a t c r e e p i n b o o k s e l e c t i o n
a n d a c q u i s i t i o n .
4 U B f t A f l Y FINALS
T h e f i n a n c i a l p l a n n i n g s h o u l d b e a l o n g t e r m o n e i n a l l r e s p e c t s .
E s t i m a t e s f o r s t a f f , b o o k s a n d p e r i o d i c a l s , l i b r a r y s e r v i c e s , b u i l d i n g a n d o t h e r
i t e m s c a n b e p r e p a r e d w e l l i n a d v a n c e a n d c a n b e l i n k e d w i t h t h e p r i c e i n d e x
n u m b e r
3 2 2 3 2 2
o f t h e c o u n t r y f o r a n n u a l a d j u s t m e n t s . T h i s s t e p w i l l a v o i d t h e w a s t a g e o f t i m e
s p e n t i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f t h e b u d g e t e v e r y y e a r . A p e r s p e c t i v e p l a n n i n g i s
n a t u r a l l y p r o g r e s s i v e a n d i t s m o o t h e n s t h e i m p e d i m e n t s t o l i b r a r y g r o w t h a r i s i n g
o u t o f a n a d e q u a t e a n d u n s t a b l e f i n a n c e .
I t i s s u g g e s t e d t h a t 2 0 t o 2 5 p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e i n f i n a n c i a l r e s o u r c e s
e v e r y y e a r t o j u s t i f y a n d s a t i s f y t h e g r o w i n g n e e d s o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s
s h o u l d b e m a d e s t a t u t o r y a n d r e g u l a r f e a t u r e . I f t h i s w e r e a d o p t e d , i t w i l l
p r o v i d e , t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y s m o o t h n e s s i n r u n n i n g t h e i r c u r r e n t s e r v i c e s , a n d
t h u s s a v e s t h e t i m e a n d e n e r g y , m e n a n d m a t e r i a l s p e n t i n b u d g e t p r e p a r a t i o n
e v e r y y e a r .
41 LIBRARY eypjEX
I n G u j a r a t , , t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s p r e p a r e t h e i r b u d g e t s o n t h e b a s i s
o f t h e m e t h o d o f d e t a i l s t h e y h a v e . I t i s s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e l i b r a r i a n s h o u l d
c o n t i n u o u s l y m a k e a n o t e o f t h e d e m a n d s o f t h e c l i e n t e l e a n d a c c o r d i n g l y m a k e
p r o v i s i o n , w h i l e p r e p a r i n g u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u d g e t . I n a d d i t i o n t o i t t h e
f o l l o w i n g p o i n t s s h o u l d b e c o n s i d e r e d ; ( a ) c o m p a r i s o n w i t h p a s t e x p e n d i t u r e s ;
t b ) b u d g e t i n g i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e w o r k p r o g r a m m e ; a n d ( c ) u s i n g w i d e l y
a c c e p t e d b u d g e t a r y s t a n d a r d s .
I t i s o b s e r v e d i n u n i v e r s i t i e s o f G u j a r a t t h a t t h e b u d g e t p r e s e n t e d b y
t h e l i b r a r i a n i s n e v e r p a s s e d a s i t i s , a n d l i b r a r i a n i s n o t c o n s u l t e d b e f o r e
s l a s h i n g t h e b u d g e t , w h i c h a d v e r s e l y a f f e c t s t h e w o r k i n g c a p a c i t y a n d
s e r v i c e .
3 2 3
S i m i l a r l y , w h i l e f i x i n g t h e d e v e l o p m e n t g r a n t s , t h e UG C v i s i t i n g C o m m i t t e e ,
u s u a l l y d i s c u s s e s t h i n g s w i t h t h e u n i v e r s i t y a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o f f i c e r s a n d o r t h e
l i b r a r y c o m m i t t e e , a n d n o t w i t h t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i a n i n t h e r e a l s e n s e .
42 INADEQUATE FINANCES
A c r y s t a l e x a m i n a t i o n o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y f i n a n c e s i n
G u j a r a t r e f l e c t s t h a t t h e w h o l e s t r u c t u r e o f f i n a n c i n g n e e d s e x t r a s u p p o r t .
T h i s i n c l u d e s b a l a n c e d e f f o r t o n t h e p a r t o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y , t h e l i b r a r y , t h e
UG C a n d t h e g o v e r n m e n t . T h e l i b r a r y r e s o u r c e s i n G u j a r a t a r e
n o t s u b s t a n t i a l t o m e e t t h e i r c u r r e n t a n d f u t u r e r e q u i r e m e n t s . A l l o c a t i o n o f
f u n d s a r e i n a d e q u a t e n o t o n l y f o r n o n r e c u r r i n g i t e m s , b u t a l s o f o r
r e c u r r i n g i t e m s l i k e b o o k s a n d P e r i o d i c a l s . I t i s s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e
a d d i t i o n a l r e s o u r c e s b e m a d e a v a i l a b l e t o t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s , w h i c h r e s u l t s
i n e n o u g h r e a d i n g m a t e r i a l , a d e q u a t e s t a f f , b e t t e r l i b r a r y s e r v i c e ,
a n d m o r e c o m f o r t a b l e r e a d i n g s p a c e e t c . , w h i c h n e e d s m o r e f i n a n c e s . I t i s
a l s o e s s e n t i a l t h a - t t h e r e s h u u l d b e c l o s e c o - o r d i n a t i o n b e t w e e n a n y n e w
e d u c a t i o n a l p r o g r a m m e p r o p o s e d i n u n i v e r s i t i e s o f G u i a r a t n d^ r e l a t i v e -
u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s d e v e l o p m e n t .
I t i s s u g g e s t e d t h a t , t o m e e t f i n a n c i a l r e s o u r c e s o f l i b r a r i e s , t h e
i n c r e a s i n g n u m b e r o f s t u d e n t s s h o u l d b e s t u d i e d i n r e l a t i o n t o e a c h o t h e r .
T h e r e a f t e r n e c e s s a r y c a l c u l a t i o n s c a n b e m a d e o n t h e b a s i s o f p e r c a p i t a
m e t h o d .
3 2 4 3 2 4
R u p e e s 2 0 p e r s t u d e n t a n d r u p e e s t h r e e h u n d r e d p e r t e a c h e r o r r u p e e s 5 0 p e r
c a p i t a m i n i m um g r a n t t o t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y f o r p u r c h a s e o f r e a d i n g m a t e r i a l
s h o u l d b e p r o v i d e d . A n e q u a l a m o u n t i s r e q u i r e d f o r s t a f f s a l a r i e s a n d o t h e r
r e c u r r i n g i t e r n s .
F u r t h e r , i t i s a l s o r e c o m m e n d e d t h a t t h e UG C s h o u l d s a n c t i o n
a l l t y p e s o f g r a n t s o n a h u n d r e d p e r c e n t b a s i s . I t i s o b s e r v e d t h e w h e n t h e r e a r e
p r o p o r t i o n s o f g r a n t s b e t w e e n t h e UG C a n d t h e S t a t e G o v e r n m e n t , m a i n l y
f o r n o n r e c u r r i n g g r a n t s , w h e n t h e H " " s t i o n* o f m a t c h i n g g r a n t b y
t h e S t a t e G o v e r n m e n t a g a i n s t t h e UG C g r a n t i s i n v o l v e d , m a n y t i m e s t h e S t a t e
G o v e r n m e n t f a i l s t o p r o v i d e t h e i r s h a r e a s m a t c h i n g g r a n t t o t h e
u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s . A s a r e s u l t o f t h i s t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s a r e
s o m e t i m e s f a c i n g l o s s o f t h e UG C g r a n t s . T h e r e f o r e i t i s s u g g e s t e d t h a t
t h e UG C s h o u l d n o t w i t h d r a w o r t o c u t i t s g r a n t t o t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s
j u s t b e c a u s e t h e S t a t e G o v e r n m e n t f a i l s t o g i v e i t s s h a r e a s t h e m a t c h i n g
g r a n t .
F o r n e w u n i v e r s i t i e s UP t o f i v e y e a r s o i . a g e , m o r e p r e c i s e l y a f t e r t h e
e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f i t s l i b r a r y a n a d d i t i o n a l t o t a l g r a n t o f f i v e t o t e n l a k h r u p e e s
m a & b e g i v e n f o r a c q u i r i n g a n i n i t i a l s t o c k o f r e a d i n g m a t e r i a l , a n d a b o u t R s .
2 0 t o 2 5 l a k h s f o r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g a n d s u b s t a n t i a l a m o u n t
f o r t h e f u r n i t u r e a n d e q u i p m e n t a c c o r d i n g t o l o c a l n e e d .
3 2 5
4 3 F IN A N C I A L A L L O C AT I O N
I n G u j a r a t , a f t e r t h e a p p r o v a l o f t h e b u d g e t , t h e f i n a n c i a l
a l l o c a t i o n s a r e m a d e , w h i c h a r e n o t d i r e c t l y h a n d e d o v e r t o u n i v e r s i t y
l i b r a r i a n s o f G u j a r a t f o r i t s u t i l i z a t i o n . T h e l i b r a r i a n h a s t o d o a l l
t h e f i n a n c i a l t r a n s a c t i o n s t h r o u g h t h e u n i v e r s i t y o f f i c e . A l t h o u g h i n s o m e
u n i v e r s i t i e s o f G u j a r a t p r o v i s i o n h a s b e e n m a d e i n t h e i r o r d i n a n c e t o k e e p a
s e p a r a t e l i b r a r y a c c o u n t i n t h e b a n k a n d o p e r a t e d b y t h e L i b r a r i a n a n d
t h e R e g i s t r a r t o a v o i d u n n e c e s s a r y d e l a y a n d i n c o n v e n i e n c e , s o m e h o w ,
i t i s o b s e r v e d t h a t , i t i s n o t i m p l e m e n t e d s o f a r . T h i s i n t u r n
a f f e c t s t h e i n c e n t i v e t o w o r k e f f i c i e n t l y . O n c e t h e b u d g e t a l l o c a t i o n s a r e
m a d e , t h e y s h o u l d b e p l a c e d a t t h e d i s p o s a l o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i a n . H e
s h o u l d b e g i v e n f r e e h a n d s u b j e c t t o t h e r u l e s a n d r e g u l a t i o n s o f
a c c o u n t i n g a n d a u d i t i n g i n u t i l i s i n g t h e a l l o t t e d b u d g e t . I n a u n i v e r s i t y
s e t u p u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y i s t h e s e c o n d b i g g e s t a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o f f i c e a n d t h e
u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i a n i s a n e q u a l l y r e s p o n s i b l e o f f i c e r o f t h e
u n i v e r s i t y . H e n c e h e / s h e s h o u l d a n d c o u l d b e e n t r u s t e d w i t h s u f f i c i e n t
f i n a n c i a l p o w e r s .
I t i s o b s e r v e d t h a t t h e u n i v e r s i t y 1i b r a r i a n s o f G u j a r a t h a v e t h e
t o t a l f i n a n c i a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t y o f t h e l i b r a r y w i t h o u t a n y f i n a n c i a l p o w e r s o f
d i s b u r s e m e n t . T h e r e f o r e i t i s s t r o n g l y s u g g e s t e d h e r e t h a i e i t h e r t h e u n i v e r s i t y
l i b r a r i a n s b e r e l i e v e d f r o m t h e f i n a n c i a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t y o r t h e y s h o u l d b e g i v e n
m o r e f i n a n c i a l p o w e r s .
3 2 03 2 0
44 F I N AN C I A L A DM IN I S T R AT I ON
I t i s e s s e n t i a l t o h a v e a d e q u a t e a n d r e g u l a r f l o w o f f i n a n c e f o r
s m o o t h a n d p r o p e r f u n c t i o n i n g o f a n i n s t i t u t i o n . S i m i l a r l y , a b a l a n c e d a n d
e f f i c i e n t f i n a n c i a l c o n t r o l i s a n i m p o r t a n t r e q u i s i t e o f p r o p e r f i n a n c i n g . I n
G u j a r a t , a l l f i n a n c i a l p o w e r s a r e v e s t e d w i t h t h e R e g i s t r a r o f t h e u n i v e r s i t i e s .
A l l t h e l i b r a r y a f f a i r s , a n d p a y m e n t s a r e m a d e b y t h e R e g i s t r a r i n t h e
u n i v e r s i t y o f f i c e , e v e n t h o u g h , t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i a n i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r
f i n a n c i a l a f f a i r s o f t h e l i b r a r y a n d t o g e t t h e l i b r a r y e x p e n d i t u r e a u d i t e d .
A g o o d l i b r a r y s e r v i c e m a i n l y d e p e n d s u p o n a s o u n d f i n a n c i a l
a d m i n i s t r a t i o n . T h e c h i e f l i b r a r i a n s h o u l d b _ e w e l l v e r s e d i n a c c o u n t s . T h e
u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i a n s h o u l d f o l l o w b o t h i n l e t t e r a n d s p i r i t t h e d i f f e r e n t
p r o v i s i o n s o f t h e f i n a n c i a l r u l e s , w h i c h w i l l d e f i n i t e l y r e s u l t i n a w e l l b a l a n c e d
b u d g e t a n d e f f e c t i v e c o n t r o l o v e r t h e l i b r a r y .
I t i s s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e b u d g e t i n g , a c c o u n t i n g a n d a u d i t i n g
p r o c e d u r e s a n d p r a c t i c e s s h o u l d b e s i m p l i f i e d a n d s t a n d a r d i z e d i n a l l r e s p e c t s i n
t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s o f t h e s t a t e .
S i n c e a l l f i n a n c i a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s a n d a u d i t i n g l i e s o n t h e s h o u l d e r s
o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i a n s o f G u j a r a t , i t i s a d v i s a b l e that t h s a u d i t i n g w o r k
s h o u l d b e d o n e i n t h e l i b r a r y p r e m i s e s i n o n e o r t w o d a y s a w e e k , i n s t e a d o f
g o i n g t o t h e u n i v e r s i t y o f f i c e f o r e v e r y p r e a u d i t .
3 2 7
5 LIBRARY SERVICE?
I t i s o b s e r v e d t h a t d u e t o f i n a n c i a l i n a d e q u a c y , l a c k o f p r o p e r
a d m i n i s t r a t i v e s t r u c t u r e w i t h i n t h e l i b r a r y , l a c k o f p r o f e s s i o n a l l y t r a i n e d
s t a f f , a n d n o n - a v a i l a b i 1i t y o f m e c h a n i c a l d e v i c e s t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s
o f G u j a r a t a r e l i m i t i n g t h e m s e l v e s t o t h e t r a d i t i o n a l a n d
p e d e s t r i a n f u n c t i o n s o f t h e l i b r a r y i . e . l e n d i n g o f b o o k s o n l y . T h e
c o n c e p t o f r e f e r e n c e , b i b l i o g r a p h i c a l , d o c u m e n t a t i o n a n d i n f o r m a t i o n
s e r v i c e s a r e f o u n d m i s s i n g . F o n i n s t a n c e i t i s v e r y o f t e n o b s e r v e d t h a t t h e
c o u n t e r w i t h a b o a r d h a v i n g t h e n a m e , s R e f e r e n c e S e c t i o n ' i s f o u n d
w i t h o u t a n y p r o p e r r e f e r e n c e p e r s o n n e l , l i k e a s h i p w i t h o u t a r u d d e r w h i c h
s a i l s a t t h e m e r c y o f w i n d s . F u r t h e r i t i s a m o r e p i t i a b l e
c o n d i t i o n w h e n i t i s o b s e r v e d t h a t a u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y w o r k s w i t h o u t i t s
h e a r t i . e . s R e f e r e n c e S e c t i o n ' , i s l i k e b o d y w i t h o u t t h e h e a r t . I t i s
a l s o o b s e r v e d t h a t w i t h t h e i n c r e a s e i n m e m b e r s h i p a n d r e a d i n g
m a t e r i a l s e v e r y y e a r , t h e c i r c u l a t i o n o f b o o k s i s d e c l i n i n g i n
G u j a r a t u n i v e r s i t y 1i b r a r y .
T o s o l v e t h e s i t u a t i o n , i t i s s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e l i b r a r i e s s h o u l d b e o r g a n i z e d o n
p r o p e r l y d e f i n e d d e p a r t m e n t a l b a s i s a s s u g g e s t e d b y t h e UG C a n d e s t i m a t e s b e
w o r k e d o u t a s t o w h a t e q u i p m e n t , t o o l s a n d s t a f f s h o u l d b e i n a _ p o s i t i o n t o
p r o v i d e r e f e r e n c e s e r v i c e s a n d o t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n s e r v i c e s . T h e u n i v e r s i t y
l i b r a r i a n s m a y f i n d i t d i f f i c u l t t o a c h i e v e t h i s o b j e c t i v e , b u t s t i l l t h e y m u s t
c o m e o u t o f t h e i r s h e l l a n d i n s t e a d o f s i t t i n g q u i e t l y , t h e y
s h o u l d u n d e r t a k e
3 2 83 2 8
c o n s t r u c t i v e p r o g r a m m e s . A l m o s t a l l t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i n t h e s t a t e a r e
p e r f o r m i n g o n l y t h e p e d e s t r i o n f u n c t i o n s .
I t i s a f a c t t h a t t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i n t h e s t a t e c a n
n o t a f f o r d t o h a v e e l e c t r o n i c a n d m e c h a n i c a l a p p a r a t u s , t h e m i n i m um t h e y s h o u l d
p r o v i d e t o t h e i r r e a d e r s a r e p h o t o c o p y i n g m a c h i n e s a n d m a c h i n e s f o r r e a d i n g
m a t e r i a l s i n m i c r o f o r m s . I t i s a l s o n e c e s s a r y t o c u l t i v a t e r e a d i n g h a b i t s i n e v e r y
u n i v e r s i t y c o m m u n i t y o f t h e s t a t e . I t i s a l s o o b s e r v e d t h a t o n l y M . S . U n i v e r s i t y
l i b r a r y i n t h e s t a t e c o m p i l e s b i b l i o g r a p h i e s f o r t h e i r u s e r s r e g u l a r l y . S i m i l a r l y
o t h e r u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s m u s t p r o v i d e b i b l i o g r a p h i c a l s e r v i c e s f o r t h e i r
c l i e n t e l e .
6 L I B RA RY C O - O PE R AT I ON
I n c r e a s i n g r a t e o f p u b l i s h e d l i t e r a t u r e h a s m a d e t h e s i t u a t i o n , t h a t ,
N o l i b r a r y i n t h e w o r l d c a n s t a n d a l o n e ' . I t i s f a s t e r e v e n t h a n t h e p o p u l a t i o n
g r o w t h . E v e n e c o n o m i c a n d p h y s i c a l c o n t s t r a i n t s t o o h a v e m a d e i t v i r t u a l l y
a l m o s t i m p o s s i b l e f o r a n y l i b r a r y t o a c q u i r e a n d t o m a n a g e t o s e r v e t h e i r
c l i e n t e l e a l l p u b l i s h e d m a t e r i a l s o f t h e w o r l d o r e v e n i n t h e i r s u b j e c t o f i n t e r e s t .
T o s o l v e t h e s e c o n s t r a i n t s t h e l i b r a r i a n s t h r o u g h o u t t h e w o r l d , h a v e e v o l v e d a
s y s t e m " L i b r a r y C o - o p e r a t i o n " .
I f o n e o f t h e l a r g e s t u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y o f t h e s t a t e i s s e l e c t e d a s t h e
c e n t r a l u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y f o r t h e s t a t e ,
3 2 9
i t m u s t b e w e l l e q u i p p e d a n d c o m p u t e r i z e d , w h i c h c o n n e c t s , a l l t h e
u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s w i t h i n t h e s t a t e t h r o u g h t e r m i n a l s . T h i s i s a n i d e a l
s i t u a t i o n , b y w h i c h t h e r e s o u r c e s o f e a c h u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b e k n o w n t o a n y
o t h e r u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y a n d a l s o m a d e a v a i l a b l e a s a n d w h e n i t i s r e q u i r e d .
I n G u j a r a t a n d s p e c i a l l y i n A h m e d a b a d w h e r e t h e G u j a r a t
U n i v e r s i t y , G u j a r a t V i d y a p i t h , I n d i a n I n s t i t u t e o f M a n a g e m e n t , S a r d a r
P a t e l I n s t i t u t e o f E c o n o m i c s a n d S o c i a l R e s e a r c h , P h y s i c a l R e s e a r c h
L a b o r a t o r y , AT I RA a n d o t h e r h i g h e r l e a r n i n g a n d r e s e a r c h i n s t i t u t e s
o f n a t i o n a l l e v e l a r e s i t u a t e d , l i b r a r y c o - o p e r a t i o n s h o u l d b e e n c o u r a g e d .
I n t e r l i b r a r y s t u d y f a c i l i t i e s a t l o c a l l e v e l a n d a l s o a t t h e s t a t e l e v e l
u l t i m a t e l y h e l p i n m i n i m i s i n g t h e b u r d e n o f i n t e r l i b r a r y l o a n a t
l o c a l l e v e l a n d r e g i o n a l l e v e l , f o r w h i c h n o e x t r a f i n a n c i a l b u r d e n i s b e i n g
i m p o s e d n o r i t r e q u i r e s e x t r a m a n p o w e r . T h e o n l y n e e d i s t o t a k e
i n i t i a t i v e i n t h i s d i r e c t i o n .
T h e r e s h o u l d b e a c o n t r o l a g e n c y w h i c h s h o u l d b e c o n s u l t e d w h i l e
s u b s c r i b i n g f o r p e r i o d i c a l s ( e s p e c i a l l y c o s t l y a n d f o r e i g n t i t l e s ) b y d i f f e r e n t
u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s o f t h e s t d t e . T h i s w o u l d a v o i d u n n e c e s s a r y d u p l i c a t i o n , a n d
t h e f u n d s s a v e d t h e r e b y c o u l d b e b e t t e r u s e d f o r s u b s c r i b i n g a l t e r n a t i v e
p e r i o d i c a l t i t l e s . T h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s s h o u l d t a k e t h e f u l l e s t c o n s u l t a t i v e
p a r t i n d e v i s i n g a n d m a i n t a i n i n g t h e s t a t e w i d e p l a n f o r t h e a c q u i s i t i o n o f b o o k s
a n d p e r i o d i c a l s . D i f f e r e n t u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s c a n s p e c i a l z e
3 3
3 3 0
in d i f f er ent subjec t areas and the reader s can vi s i t d i f f er ent l ibrar i e s accord ing to their
need or the requirement s o f the reader s could be met by extens ive inter l ibrary loan
pol i c ie s . It should be remembered here that i f the un iver s i ty l ibrar ian s cons ider borrowing
as a -pr ivi l ege , they should cons ider lend ing as a plea sure s . Thi s promotes inter - l ibrary
s tudy fac i l i t i e s and minimis e s the burden o f other co-operat ive act iv i t i e s of the univer s i ty
l ibrary.
Another measure of co-operat ive ac t ivi t i e s in the s tat e i s t h e
e s t abl i shment o f s tat e lend ing l ibrary. The State Lending Library may al so
work as the co-operal ive s torage centre for the s tat e and procure and pre se rve
al l dupl i cate and le s s us ed read ing mater ial s in univer s i ty l ibrar ie s o f the
s tat e . Thus l ibrary co-operat ion at the s tat e leve l may be made po s s ib le . At the
s tat e l evel , the l ibrary co-operat ive network wil l comprehend publ i c , academic and re s earch
l ibrar i e s ind ividual ly as wel l as co l le c t ive ly. The s t ructure o f l ibrary co-operat ion at the
State l evel as sugges t ed by Verma (4) would be;
State Centra l Lending Library
Academic Research and Special Publ icl ibrar i e s l ibrar i e s Librari e s
Thi s wil l invo lve complete integrat ion o f al l the three types of
l ibrar i e s into one pool of re source s in the
3 3 1
at at e from which any l ibrary in the s tat e wil l draw mater ia l accord ing to their need .
7 BA L A N C E D DE V E L O PM EN T Q F _ UN I VE RS I T Y L I B R AR I ES
In Gujarat , there are wide imbalance s and inadequac ie s in the
deve lopment o f univer s i ty l ibrar i e s in re spect o f f inances , books , per iod ical s , s t af f ,
c irculat ion of books etc . It i s e s s ent ia l ly needed that the d i f f e rent univer s i ty
l ibrar ie s are given spec ial treatment . The new univer s i ty l ibrar ie s should be given
spec ia l grant s so as to bring them up to the minimum standard s as wel l as to
the leve l of o ther s . In Gujarat , Bhavnagar univer s i ty l ibrary which i s
one decade o ld , i s found most undeve loped . Sauras t ra , South
Gujarat , S .P. and Gujarat Univer s i ty l ibrar i e s are a l so not very wel l developed .
However only M.S. univer s i ty l ibrary s tand s bet t er among al l other s .
There fore , i t i s sugges t ed that there i s an urgent need to take
immediate spec ial programme under the jo int auspice s of the Stat e Government , the UGC and
the re spect ive univer s i t i e s to deve lop the undeve loped and underdeve loped un iver s i ty l ibrar ie s .
Thi s include s add i t ional grant s for the purchas e o f books and periodicals, -appaifl-tment o f
add i t ional s ta f f , provid ing comfortable furni ture , and making avai lab le qual i t at ive and
adequat e l ibrary s ervi ce .
S imi lar ly, the univer s i t i e s should to undertake to develop a l ibrary programme that is
appended to thei r educat ional re spons ib i l i t i e s and to the reader requirement s . The l ibrary
3 3 1
b u i l d i n g , r e a d i n g a r e a , l i g h t i n g a n d c o o l i n g a r r a n g e m e n t , f u r n i t u r e
a n d e q u i p m e n t , w a t e r a n d s a n i t a t i o n c o n d i t i o n s s h o u l d b e p r o v i d e d .
T h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y i s u s e d f r e q u e n t l y b y i t s u s e r ' s . T h e l i b r a r y
s h o u l d b e k e p t c l e a n so t h a t r e a d i n g b e c o m e s a p l e a s u r e f o r r e a d e r s a n d
n o t a b u r d e n f o r t h e m . I t i s a f a c t t h a t a l l i m p r o v e m e n t s i n t h e
c o n d i t i o n s o f u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s a r e p o s s i b l e o n l y , w h e n t h e y w i l l b e
p r o v i d e d a d e q u a t e a n d r e g u l a r f l o w o f f i n a n c e s a n d t h e i r p r o p e r
u t i l i s a t i o n , a n d d e t e r m i n a t i o n o n t h e p a r t o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y
a u t h o r i t i e s a n d t h e L i b r a r i a n s . T h e p r o g r a m m e o f s e l f r e n e w i n g s h o u l d
b e r e g u l a r l y i m p l e m e n t e d so t h a t t h e s p a c e p r o b l e m o f b o o k s t a c k ,
w o r n o u t b o o k s , o u t d a t e d r e f e r e n c e b o o k s w h o s e l a t e r e d i t i o n s a r e
a l r e a d y a c q u i r e d s h o u l d b e w e e d e d o u t t i m e t o t i m e t o
a c c o m m o d a t e n e w a r r i v a l s .
8 AR EA S F O R F UR T HE R R ES E AR C H
I n o r d e r t o d e v e l o p u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i n G u j a r a t i n p r o p e r a n d
b a l a n c e d m a n n e r , i t i s e s s e n t i a l t h a t t h e p r o b l e m s b e i d e n t i f i e d . E v a l u a t i o n o f
v a r i o u s a s p e c t s o f u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s c a n b e e f f e c t i v e l y d o n e b y c o n d u c t i n g
r e s e a r c h s t u d i e s . F o r r e s e a r c h i n t h i s f i e l d t h e f o l l o w i n g a r e a s a r e s u g g e s t e d ;
646 T h e u s e o f l i b r a r i e s b y s c h o l a r s i n d i f f e r e n t s u b j e c t s .
647 T h e u s e r s s a t i s f a c t i o n a n d l i b r a r y c o l l e c t i o n .
648 T h e f a u l t y a t t i t u d e s t o w a r d s l i b r a r y a n d i t s s e r v i c e s .
649 T h e u s e o f l i b r a r y c a t a l o g u e b y i t s u s e r s .
3 3 3
650 T i m e i n v o l v e d i n t h e p r o c e s s o f r e a d i n g m a t e r i a l s .
651 T h e s t a t u s a n d j o b s a t i s f a c t i o n o f l i b r a r y s t a f f .
7 . T h e c o s t e f f e c t i v e n e s s i n t h e t e c h n i c a l s e r v i c e s o f t h e
1i b r a r y .
652 T h e f i n a n c i a l m a n a g e m e n t o f u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s .
653 T h e f e a s i l i t i f y s t u d y o f i n t e r l i b r a r y s t u d y f a c i l i t i e s a m o n g t h e
u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i n G u j a r a t .
654 T h e f e a s i b i l i t y o f s t u d y o f r e s o u r c e s h a r i n g a m o n g t h e u n i v e r s i t y
l i b r a r i e s i n G u j a r a t .
T h e f i n d i n g s o f a l l s u c h r e s e a r c h i n v e s t i g a t i o n s s h o u l d b e c u m u l a t e d
a n d a f r u i t f u l , p e r s p e c t i v e p l a n n i n g f o r t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s
o f G u j a r a t a n d t h e i r s e r v i c e s s h o u l d b e u n d e r t a k e n .
9 1 C P N C L UG I O N ,
T h e a b o v e i s s u e s a n d r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s , i f t a k e n c a r e o f , a n d
i m p l e m e n t e d , w i l l g o a l o n g w a y i n s o l v i n g t h e p r o b l e m s o f
u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s o f G u j a r a t . I t i s f o u n d t h a t s u c h p r o b l e m s a r i s e d u e t o
s h o r t a g e o f r e s o u r c e s a n d i t s m i s u t i 1 i s a t i o n ; a b s e n c e o f p e r s p e c t i v e
p l a n n i n g ; l a c k o f d e d i c a t i o n o n t h e p a r t o f l i b r a r y s t a f f ; n e g l i g e n c e o n
t h e p a r t o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y a n d G o v e r n m e n t a u t h o r i t i e s ; l a c k o f l i b r a r y
o r i e n t e d e d u c a t i o n . A l l t h e s e a f f e c t u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s a n d t h e i r
s e r v i c e s i n G u j a r a t i n p a r t i c u l a r , a n d i n g e n e r a l t h e y a f f e c t t h e l i b r a r y
p r o f e s s i o n a n d t h e n a t i o n a s a w h o l e .
R E FE R EN C E S
655 K A UL A ( P N ) E d . L i b r a r y s c i e n c e t o d a y . I V . N e w D e l h i , V i k a s ,
1 9 6 7 , P 4 3 4 .
656 G IR I JA K UM A R . P l a n n i n g a n d d e s i g n o f l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g . T h e
I n d a i n e x p e r i e n c e . I n t I L A B u l l e t i n 2 0 C 2 - 4 ) 1 9 82 - 8 4 f PP 5 9 -
7 1 .
657 W I LS ON ( L R ) a n d TA UB E R ( M F ) . The u n i v e r s i t y Library. 2 n d
e d . N e w y o r k , C o l u m b i a U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , 1 9 5 6 . P 11 4 .
658 V ER M A ( S C ) . L i b r a r y c o - o p e r a t i o n i n I n d i a (Thes i s) . J a i p u r ,
U n i v e r s i t y o f R a j a s t h a n . 1 9 7 8 . p 1 7 3 .
j a i>
SEUBCTH> SSAP-INS. nai
1. A L V I ( W a j i h A h m e d ) . P r i n c i p l e o f r e s o u r c e s h a r i n g i n l i b r a r i e s , I n s I a s l i c B u l l e t i n , 22? 1979?PP 49-64.
2. A M E RI C A N L I B RA RY AS S O C I AT I O N . L i b r a r y b u i l d i n g sI n n o v a t i o n f o r c h a n g i n g n e e d s . C h i c a g o , A LA , 1 9 7 2 .
3. A M E RI C A N L I B RA RY AS S O C I AT I O N . L i b r a r y f u r n i t u r e a n d e q u i p m e n t . C h i c a g o , A L A , 1963.
4. B A NE R JE E C B N ) . T h e r o l e o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y i n t e a c h i n g a n d r e s e a r c h , I n s l a s l i c B u i l e t i n , 8,s e p t . 1963.
5. BA N ER JE E ( B N ) . D e v e l o p m e n t o f l i b r a r y c o - o p e r a t i o n i n I n d i a , I n s H e r a l d o f l i b r a r y s c i e n c e , 3; 1964?PP 121-126.
6. B A NE R JE E CP K). P l a n n i n g t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y , I n s I n d i a n l i b r a r i a n , 1958?PP 240-47.
7. B A NE R JE E ( P K ) . R e f l e c t i o n s o n t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i n I n d i a , I n s I n d i a n L i b r a r i a n , 19, 1964,p p 23-27.
8. B AS HI R U DDI N ( S ) . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s s i n c e i n d e p e n d e n c e I n s c u l t u r a l f o r u m , 9,23, 1967,PP 39-44.
9. B E RG EN < D P ) . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s o r g a n i s a t i o n a s a r e s p o n s e t o u n i v e r s i t y e m p h a s i s . L i b r a r y Q u a r t e r l y 32,1962,PP 19-39.
10. B HA RG AVA ( G D ) . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s a n d t h e e d u c a t i o n a t s e t u p o f I n d i a , I n t I n d i a n L i b r a r i a n , D e c . 1959? PP 113-117.
11. B HO OS HAN L A L . O r g a n i z a t i o n a l c l i m a t e i n a c a d e m i cl i b r a r i e s i n I n d i e s A p i l o t s u r v e y , I n s I L A B u l l e t i n , 18, 1-2, 1982,PP 4-13.
12. B LE T O N ( T ) . C o n s t r u c t i o n o f u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i N o w t o p l a n a n d r e v i s e a p r o j e c t , I n s UN E S C O B u l l e t i n , 17, 1963,PP 307-15.
13. B OS E <B K ) . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s a n d t h e i r p r o b l e m s .
3 3 0 3 3 0
I n s I n d i a n 1 i b r a r i a n , 1 3 , J u n e 1 9 5 8 , PP 1 9 - 1 6 .
659 B OS E ( P O . C a l c u t t a U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y i s t r a y o f a c e n t u r y o l d u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y , I n t L i b r a r y H e r a l d , 6 , 1 9 63 , PP 11 8 - 3 4 .
660 BR OA D US ( R o b e r t N ) . A n a l y s e s o f f a c u l t y c i r c u l a t i o n i n a u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y , I n : C o l l e g e a n d R e s e a r c h l i b r a r y , 2 4 , 1 9 63 , PP 3 2 3 - 5 .
661 B UR C H A R D ( J E ) . P l a n n i n g t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g , P r i n c e t e n U n i v e r s i t y , 1 9 4 9 .
662 B UT T D HI ( K ) . R o l e o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y i n s u p p o r t i n g c o r r e s p o n d e n c e c o u r c e s . I m s e m i n a r o f u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i a n s i n I n d i a , J a i p u r , 1 9 6 6 , PP 2 35 - 2 3 6 .
663 B Y R D ( C K ) . S u b j e c t s p e c i a l i s t s i n a u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y . I n : C o l l e g e a n d R e s e a r c h l i b r a r y , 2 7 , 1 9 6 6 ,PP 1 9 1 - 1 9 3 .
664 C HAT T E R JE E ( A ) . P r o b l e m s a n d p r o s p e c t s o f c o o p e r a t i o n a m o n g t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s o f I n d i a , I n t I LA B u l l e t i n , 2 , 1 9 6 6 , p p 6 9 - 8 4 .
665 DAS Q UP TA (A ) . C o l l e c t i o n d e v e l o p m e n t i n I n d i a n u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s . I n d e v e l o p i n g h o r i z o n s i n l i b r a r y a n d i n f o r m a t i o n s c i e n c e , 2 V . , J a i p u r , P r i n t w e l l , 1 9 8 3 .
666 DAS G UP TA ( S > . S i t u a t i o n o f u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i n I n d i a , I n t UN E S C O r e g i o n a l s e m i n a r o n l i b r a r y d e v e l o p m e n t i n s o u t h A s i a , D e l h i , 1 9 6 0 .
667 DES PA N DE ( K S ) . C h a n g i n g c o n c e p t o f l i b r a r y s e r v i c e s w i t h s p e c i a l r e f e r e n c e t o o u r u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s , I n s I LA B u l l e t i n , 1 2 , 3 - 4 , 1 9 7 6 , p p 1 5 8 - 1 6 8 .
668 DES HPA N DE ( K S ) . L i b r a r y a r c h i t e c t u r e , I n s T i m e l e s s F e l l o w s h i p , 9 , 1 9 7 4 - 7 5 r P P 1 2 - 3 6 .
669 DES HPA N DE ( K S ) . P r o b l e m f a c i n g u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s , I n s T i m e l e s s F e l l o w s h i p , 3 , 1 9 66 - 6 7 ,PP 9 5 - 1 1 7 .
670 DE S HPA N DE ( K S ) . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y s e r v i c e f o r a
3 3 7
d e v e l o p i n g s o c i e t y , I n : I L A B u l l e t i n , 1 6 , 1 - 2 , 1 9 8 0 , P P 1 0 -1 8 .
671 DO N G ER K E RRY , ( S R ) . L i b r a r i e s i n u n i v e r s i t y e d u c a t i o n . In
C o m p a r a t i v e 1 i b r a r i a n h i p .* E d . N . N G i d w a n i ; D e l h i , V i k a s ,
1 9 7 3 .
672 D UR A IR A JA N <V).D i v i s i o n a l p a t t e r o f o r g a n i s a t i o n in A c a d e m i c
l i b r a r i e s . I a s l i c B u l l e t i n . 1 2 ; S e p t . 1 9 6 7 ; 1 8 0 - 9 3
673 E L LS W O R T H ( R F ) . L i b r a r y b u i l d i n g a r c h i t e c t u r e . In, E n c y e l o p e a d i a
o f l i b r a r y a n d I n f o r m a t i o n S c i e n c e . V.I. N e w y a r k , M a r c e l D e k k e s ,
1 9 6 8 , 4 4 9 - 5 1 5 .
674 E VA NS tM F ) . R e a d e r s s e r v i c e s i n a u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s . L i b r a r y
a s s o c i a t i o n r e c o r d . 6 2 , 1 9 6 0 ; 4 2 5
675 G EL FA N D ( M A ) . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g a n d
e q u i p m e n t . U n e s c o 1 9 62 .
676 G EL FA N D <M A ) . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s f o r d e v e l o p i n g
c o u n t r i e s . D e l h i , u n i v e r s a l B o o k C o . 1 9 7 4 .
677 G 0 YA L ( P K ) a n d A NA N DC A K ) . s t a t u s o f d o c u m e n t a t i o n a c t i v i t i e s
i n I n d i a n u n i v e r s i t i e s . A n n a l s o f l i b r a r y s c i e n c e a n d d o c u m e n t a t i o n . 2 9 ,
4 ; 1 9 82 ; 1 5 9 - 6 9 .
678 G I DWA NI ( N N ) . T h e UG C a n d t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a i r e s . L i b r a r y
H e r a l d . 6; 1 9 63 i 1 0 3 - 1 0 7
679 G IR I JA K UM A R . A c a d e m i c s t a t u s f o r u n i v e r s i t y a n d c o l l e g e l i b r a r i a n s .
I L A B u l l e t i n . 1 2 , I t 1 9 7 6 ; 5 - 1 4 .
3 5 . G I R I JA K UM AR . P l a n n i n g a n d d e s i g n o f l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g . T h e
I n d i a n e x p e r i e n c e . L i b r a r y h e r a l d . 2 0 ; 2 - 4 ; 1 9 8 1
3 3 8 3 3 8
8 2 ; 5 9 - 7 1
680 B IR I JA K UM A R . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i n I n d i a . J o u r n a l o f u n i v e r s i t y
e d u c a t i o n . l r 1 9 62 ; 1 0 - 2 0 .
681 HI Q HA M C N ) . . T h e l i b r a r y i n t h e u n i v e r s i t y ; O b s s r v a t i n s o n a
s e r v i c e . L o n d o n , A n d r e D e a t s c h . 1 9 8 0 .
682 HI L L ( F J ) . S t o r a g e i n U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g . U n e s c o
B u l l e t i n . 1 7 i 1 9 63 i 3 3 7 - 4 5
683 HI N B W E ( K S ) . E v a l u a t i o n o f t h e p r o b l e m s r e l a t i n g t o
a c q u i s i t i o n s e c t i o n ( B o o k s e l e c t i o n ) i n a u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y . I n ,
s e m i n a r o r w o r k f l o w i n l i b r a r i e s , ( I n s o d e ) 1 9 66 , P . 11 5 .
684 H I NG W E ( K S ) . O r g a n i z a t i o n a l p a t t e r n s o f a c a d e m i c l i b r a r i e s .
L i b r a r y h e a r l d . O c t . 1 9 6 9 s 1 3 9 - 1 5 3 .
685 I NA M DA R (N B ) . I n d i a n u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s ; t h e w a y f o r w a r d i n
t h e 8 0 ' s I n p r o s p e c t i v e s i n l i b r a r y a n d i n f o r m a t i o n s c i e n c e . 2 V E d .
B y S . N . A g r a w a l a n d o t h e r s . L u c k n o w , P r i n t h o u s e , 1 9 8 3 .
686 I N DI A , E DU C AT I O N ( C o m m i s s i o n o n - > ( 1 9 64 - 6 6 ) ( C h a i r m a n ; D . S .
K o t h a r i ) . E d u c a t i o n a l p l a n n i n g a n d t h e n a t i o n a l p o l i c y . D e l h i , N C E RT ,
1 9 7 1 .
687 IN DI A , UN I VE RS I T Y E DUC AT I O N C O M M I S S I O N ( 1 9 4 8 - 4 9 )
( C h a i r m a n ; S . R a d h a k r i s h a n a n ) R e p o r t , 2V . D e l h i , M a n a g e r o f
P u b l i c a t i o n . Q o v t . o f I n d i a . 1 9 4 9
688 IN DI A N S TA N DA R DS I n s t i t u t i o n C o d e o f p r a c t i c e r e l a t i n g t o
p r i m a r y d e m e n t s i n t h e d e s i g n o f l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g s , 1 9 6 0 . N e w D e l h i *
I S I , 1 9 6 0 . I S i 1 5 3 3 - 1 9 6 0
689 I Y EN B A R ( T K S ) . U s e r o r i e n t a t i o n i n U n i v e r s i t y
l i b r a r i e s , L S D , 1 5 , D e c . 1 9 7 8 ; 1 7 7 - 1 8 2 .
690 J E F F ER S O N (G ) . L i b r a r y c o o p e r a t i o n . G r a f f o n B o o k , A n d r e D e t i t
s e n , 1 9 6 6 .
691 J O L L E Y ( L ) . F u n c t i o n s o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y . J o u r n a l o f
d o c u m e n t a t i o n . 1 8 ? 1 9 62 s 1 3 3 - 1 4 2 .
692 K A L I A , ( D R ) . R e s o u r c e s h a r i n g a m o n g l i b r a r i e s i n I n d i a I LA
B u l l e t i n . 1 4 , 1 - 4 ; 1 9 7 8 s 1 7 - 1 9 .
693 K A R K HM M S ) . l i b r a r y r e s o u r c e s s h a r i n g t h r o u g h o n l i n e n e t w o r k ;
p r o b l e m s a n d p r o s p e c t s I AS L I C B u l l e t i n . 2 8 ; 3 , 1 9 83 ; 1 3 5 - 3 9 .
694 K A UL A <P N ) . B a s i c e l e m e n t s i n p l a n n i n g o f b u i l d i n g s f o r
l i b r a r i e s . L u c k n o w l i b r a r i a n 1 0 , 1 9 7 8 ; 5 - 1 4
695 K A UL A ( P N> . L i b r a r y b u i l d i n g s ; p l a n n i n g a n d d e s i g n , N e w D e l h i ,
V i k s , 1 9 7 1
696 K EN T ( A ) a n d o t h e r s . R e s o u r c e s h a r i n g i n l i b r a r i e s w h y ; H o w ,
w h e n , n e x t a c t i o n s t e p s . A n n a l s o f l i b r a r y s c i e n c e a n d d o c u m e n t a t i o n .
2 2 ; 1 ; 1 9 7 5 ; 3 8 - 4 3 .
697 K R I 8H N A K UM AR . R e s e a r c h l i b r a r i e s i n d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s .
D e l h i , V i k a s , 1 9 7 3 .
698 L I N E (M B ) . f u n c t i o n s o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y . I n W . L S o u n d e r s ,
E d . U n i v e r s i t y a n d r e s e a r c h l i b r a r y s t u d i e s , O x f o r d , p e r g a m a n P r e s s ,
1 9 6 8
699 M AG R IL L C R M > a n d E AS T ( M ) • C o l l e c t i o n d e v e l o p m e n t i n
l a r g e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s . I n , a d v a n c e s i n
1 i b r a r i a n s h i p V . S . N e w y a r k 1 9 7 8 .
700 M A JUM DA R ( S ) a n d TE N E JA ( K K ) . R o l e o f p r o f e s s i o a l a s s i s t a n t s
i n a c a d e m i c l i b r a i r e s . I L A B u l l e t i n , 2 0 ; 1
3 4 03 4 0
2 ? 1 9 84 ? 6 3 - 7 7
5 7 . M A NG L A ( P B ) . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i n I n d i a t h e i r
d e v e l o p m e n t a n d p r o p o s a l s f o r t h e f i f t h f i v e y e a r
p l a n . I n t e r n a t i o n a l l i b r a r y R e v i e w . 6 ? 1 9 7 4 ? 4 53 - 4 7 0 .
5 8 . M E H TAC H C ) . C P S h u k l a a n d t h e B a r o d a U n i v e r s i t y
l i b r a r y s y s t e m . I a s l i c B u l l e t i n . 2 8 ? 1 ? 1 9 83 ? 3 5 - 3 8 .
5 9 . M E H TA ( H C > . W h i t e r e p o r t a n d u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i n
I n d i a . I n d i a n l i b r a r i a n 2 1 ? M a r c h 1 9 67 ? 1 9 5 - 1 9 8
701 M E T C A L F ( K D ) . P l a n n i n g a c a d e m i c a n d r e s e a r c h l i b r a r i e s b u i l d i n g .
N e w y a r k , M c G r a w H i l l , 1 9 6 5 .
702 NA N JU DA P PA C D N ) . D u r i n g o f u n i v e r s i t y f i n a n c e s . D e l h i S t e r l i n g ,
1 9 7 6 .
703 NE EL A M E G HA N ( A ) . N e e l a m e g h a n , A . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y
r e s o u r c e s ? S o m e o b s e r v a t i o n s . L i b r a r y H e r o l d . 6 ; 1 9 63 ? P P 8 7 - 9 5 .
704 O JHA t D C ) . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i n I n d i a , J o d h p u r , l a t e s h , 1 9 8 0 .
705 R A JWE N T S IN G H . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u i l d i g s i n I n d i a . N e w D e l h i ?
A c a d e m i c p u b l i c a t i o n , 1 9 8 4 .
706 R AN G AN AT HA N ( S R . ) . A c a d e m i c l i b r a r y s y s t e m f o u t h p l a n p e r i o d .
L S D , 2 , 1 9 65 , P P 2 9 3 - 3 4 9 .
707 R AN G AN AT HA N ( S R > . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y ? T h e n a n d n o w
L i b r a r y h e r o l d . 6 ? O c t . 1 9 6 3 ? P P 6 1 - 6 9
708 R AN G AN AT HA N C S R> . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g s A n n a l s o f
l i b r a r y s c i e n c e 5 ? 1 9 5 8 ? P P 2 2 - 3 2 .
6 8 . S A HAC K A R T UN ) . B u d g e t i n g i n r i g h t p e r s p e c t i v e . A n n a l s o f
3 4 1
l i b r a r y s c i e n c e a n d D o c u m e n t a t i o n . 3 1 ; 3 - 4 , 1 9 84 , P P 1 3 1 -
1 3 9
709 S A UN DE RS ( W L ) . U n i v e r s i t y a n d r e s e a r c h l i b r a r y s t u d i e s . O x f o r d ,
p e r g a m o n P r e s s , 1 9 6 8 .
710 S E M I NA R O F UN I VE RS I T Y L I B R AR I A NS ( J a i p u r ) . 1 9 6 6 . P a p e r s
a n d P r o c e e d i n g s E d . B y N . N . Q i d e a n i . 4V . J a i p u r ,
R a j a s t h a n U n i v e r s i t y 1 9 67 .
711 S E T HI ( A R ) . L i b r a r y c o o p e r a t i o n i n I n d i a . I L A B u l l e t i n . 1 8 , 3 - 4 ;
1 9 82 - 8 3 . P P 5 1 - 5 7 .
712 S HAR M AC C D ) . P r o b l e m s o f U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i n I n d i a , I LA
B u l l e t i n , 1 0 . J u l y - D e c . 1 9 7 4 , P P 8 0 - 8 7 .
713 S HAR M A ( C K ) . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y ; I t s m a n a g e m e n t a n d
o r g a n i z a t i o n . D e l h i , M e t r o p o l i t i n , 1 9 7 7 .
714 S HU K L A t C P ) . T h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i n I n d i a .
L i b r a r y W o r l d , 6 3 , 1 9 62 ; P 2 4 0
715 S 0UL E ( C C ) . H o w t o p l a n a l i b r a r y B u i l d i n g f o r l i b r a r y w o r k . B o s t o n ,
M a s s ; 1 9 7 2 .
716 S HR IVAS TAVA ( A P > . N e e d f o r n a t i o n a l l e v e l p l a n n i n g o n
c e r t a i n a r e a s f o r u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a i r e s i n I n d i a . I n d i a n l i b r a r i a n , 2 9 ;
D e c . 1 9 7 4 , P P 1 0 7 - 1 0 9 .
7 7 . S HR I VA S TAVA ( S N ) . a n d VE RM A (S C ) . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s
i n I n d i a ; T h e i r o r g a n i z a t i o n a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i o n . N e w
D e l h i . S t e r t i n g , 1 9 8 0 .
717 S UB R A HM AN YA N ( D ) . U n i v e r s i t y C o m m i s s i o n ; I t s o u t l o o k o n l i b r a r y
m a t t e r s . I n d i a n l i b r a r i a n . 4 ; 1 9 4 9 ; P P 1 7 - 2 0 .
718 TA UB E R (M E ) C e n t r a l i s a t i o n a n d D e c e n t r a l i s a t i o n i n
3 4
A c a d e m i c l i b r a r i e s . C R L . 2 2 ; 1 9 6 1 ; P P 3 2 7 - 4 0 .
719 T E JO M UR T Y ( A ) . A C o m p a r a t i v e s t u d y o f u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a i r e s
i n M a d h y a P r a d e s h . I L A B u l l e t i n , 1 8 ; 1 - 2 ; 1 9 82 ; P P 5 9 - 6 8 .
720 T E JO M UR T Y ( A ) . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y f i n a n c e s i n M a d h y a
P r a d e s h . L u c k n o w L i b r a r i a n . 1 5 ; 1 9 83 ; P P 1 6 3 - 1 6 9
721 T E JO M UR T Y ( A ) . U n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r i e s i n M a d h y a P r a d e s h . I n
d e v e l o p i n g h o r i z o n s i n L i b r a r y a n d I n f o r m a t i o n s c i e n c e . 2 V
E d . C D . s h a r m a a n d K a i l a s h V y a s , J a i p u r , P r i n t w e l l , 1 9 8 3 , V 2 .
722 T E JO M UR T Y ( A ) . S t u d i e s i n a c a d e m i c l i b r a r i e s . P r i n t w e l l , 1 9 8 7 .
723 T HO M PS ON ( G o d f r e y ) . P l a n n i n g a n d d e s i g n o f l i b r a r y
b u i l d i n g s . 2 n d e d . L o n d o n , A r c h e t e c t u r a l p r e s s , 1 9 7 7
724 T O N E Y ( B e r n a r d ) . T o n e y , B e r n a r d , J . I n d i a n U n i v e r s i t y L i b r a r i e s
I n C o l l e g e a n d R e s e a r c h L i b r a r i e s . 2 9 ; N o v . 1 9 67 ; PP 4 3 7 - 4 4 1 .
725 UG C ( I n d i a ) . C o m m i t t e e o n u n i v e r s i t y a n d c o l l e g e l i b r a r i e s
( 1 9 5 7 ) ( C h a i r m a n ; S . R . R a n g a n a t h a n ) R e p o r t . N e w D e l h i ; UG C ,
1 9 65 .
726 UG C ( I n d i a ) . D e v e l o p m e n t o f l i b r a r y f a c i l i t i e s i n u n i v e r s i t i e s
a n d c o l l e g e s , N e w D e l h i , UG C , 1 9 6 8 .
727 U C G ( U K ) . C o m m i t t e e o n l i b r a r i e s , ( 1 9 6 3 ) ( C h a i r m a n ; T h o m a s
P a r r y ) . R e p o r t . L o n d o n , HM S O , 1 9 67 .
728 UG C ( U K ) . C a p i t a l p r o v i s i o n f o r u n i v e r s i t y L i b r a r i e s . ( 1 9 6 7 )
( C h a i r m a n ; R o b e r t A t k i n s o n ) . R e p o r t a w o r k i n g
p a r t y , L o n d o n % HM S O , 1 9 7 6 .
3 4 3
729 V ER M A ( S C). A c a d e m i c l i b r a i r e s - F a c u l t y l i b r a r y
r e l a t i o n s h i p . I n d i a n L i b r a r i a n . 2 6 ; 1 9 7 1 .
730 V IS WA N AT HA N ( C 6 ) . A c a d e m i c l i b r a r i e s ; T h e i r r o l e ,
F u n c t i o n s a n d p r o b l e m s . L u c k n o w L i b r a r i a n , 2 ; D e c . 1 9 8 3 ;
P P 1 3 0 - 1 3 5 .
731 W HI T E ( C a r l M ) . A s u r v e y o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y o f D e l h i L i b r a r y ,
D e l h i , U n i v e r s i t y o f D e l h i , 1 9 6 5 .
732 W I LS ON (C L R ) a n d TA UB E R ( M F ) T h e u n i v e r s i t y l i b r a r y
2 n d E d . N e w y a r k , C o l u m b i a U n i v e r s i t y p r e s s , 1 9 5 6 .
3 4 3
WVERSITY LIBRARIES Hi GUJARAT
N am e o f t h e l i b r a r y :
( A ) D a t e o f E s t a b l i s h m e n t o f L i b r a r y .
733 I s t h e r e a L i b r a r y C o m m i t t e e ? Y E S / N O
734 I f y e s , w h a t i s i t s c o m p o s i t i o n ? ( P l e a s e
g i v e i n d e t a i l )
735 W h a t a r e t h e f u n c t i o n s o f t h e L i b r a r y C o m m i t t e e ? ( P l e a s e g i v e i n d e t a i l ) .
736 A r e y o u a m e m b e r o f t h e a c a d e m i c b o d i e so f t h e U n i v e r s i t y ? Y E S / N O
737 I f y e s , p l e a s e l i s t t h e b o d i e s :
H o w m a n y s t a f f m e m b e r s a r e e m p l o y e d i n y o u r L i b r a r y
i n t h e f o l l o w i n g c a t e g o r i e s ?
738 L i b r a r i a n
739 D e p u t y L i b r a r i a n / P r o f e s s i o n a l S e n i o r
740 A s s i s t a n t L i b r a r i a n / P r o f e s s i o n a l J u n i o r
741 P r o f e s s i o n a l A s s i s t a n t
742 T e c h n i c a l A s s i s t a n t / P r o f e s s i o n a l A s s i s t a n t
743 J u n i o r T e c h n i c a l A s s i s t a n t / S e m i P r o f e s s i o n a l
( Q ) M i n i s t e r i a l ( A c c o u n t a n t , O f f i c e S u p e r i n t e n d e n t , T y p i s t , C l e r k )
( H ) O t h e r s :
( N o t e i P l e a s e i n d i c a t e i f a n y o f t h e p o s i t i o n s a m o n g p r o f e s s i o n a l s & s e m i p r o f e s s i o n a l s i s v a c a n t . )
3 1 5
4 . W h a t a r e t h e g r a d e s a n d q u a l i f i c a t i o n s p r e s c r i b e d f o r t h e l i b r a r y s t a f f ? H o w a r e t h e s e g r a d e s e q u a t e d ?
D e s i g n a t i o n Q u a l i f i c a t i o n G r a d e A t p e rW i t h
744 L i b r a r i a n
745 D e p u t y L i b r a r i a n
746 A s s i s t a n t L i b r a r i a n
747 P r o f e s s i o n a l A s s i s t a n t
748 T e c h n i c a l A s s i s t a n t
749 J u n i o r T e c h n i c a l
A s s i s t a n t
5. P l e a s e i n d i c a t e t h e n u m b e r o f s t a f f h a v i n g
t h e f o l l o w i n g q u a l i f i c a t i o n s t
P h . D . ( L i b r a r y S c i e n c e )
M a s t e r o f L i b r a r y S c i e n c e
B a c h e l o r o f L i b r a r y S c i e n c e
C e r t i f i c a t e i n L i b r a r y S c i e n c e
6 . W h a t f a c i l i t i e s ( L i k e s t u d y l e a v e , i n s e r v i c e t r a i n i n ge t c . ) a r e p r o v i d e d f o r t h e l i b r a r y s t a f f t o i m p r o v et h e i r e d u c a t i o n a l a n d / o r p r o f e s s i o n a l q u a l i f i c a t i o n s ?p l e a s e s t a t e .
7 . ( A ) H o w m a n y s e c t i o n s a r e t h e r e i n y o u r l i b r a r y ?W h o i s i n c h a r g e o f t h e s e s e c t i o n s ?
750 I s t h e s e c t i o n i n - c h a r g e r e s p o n s i b l e d i r e c t l y t o t h e l i b r a r i a n* o r D e p u t y L i b r a r i a n / A s s i s t a n t L i b r a r i a n ?
751 S t a t e t h e d u t i e s o f f o l l o w i n g l i b r a r y s t a f f ?
752 L i b r a r i a n
753 D e p u t y L i b r a r i a n
754 A s s i s t a n t L i b r a r i a n
( 4 ) P r o f e s s i o n a l A s s i s t a n t
( 5 ) T e c h n i c a l A s s i s t a n t
( D ) D o y o u h a v e a s e p a r a t e
( i ) T e x t b o o k s e c t i o n ? Y e s / N o
( i i ) R e f e r e n c e s e c t i o n ? Y e s / N o
( i i i ) Period ical sec t ion ? Y e s / N o
( A ) W h o s e l e c t s b o o k s f o r y o u r l i b r a r y ?
( I n c l u d i n g a l l s u b j e c t s )
( i ) L i b r a r y s t a f f t A s s i s t a n t L i b r a r i a n / T e c h n i c a l A s s i s t a n t
( i i ) L i b r a r i a n
( i i i ) T e a c h i n g f a c u l t y
( i v ) T e a c h i n g f a c u l t y a n d L i b r a r i a n t o g e t h e r
755 Bo o k S e l e c t i o n C o m m i t t e e
756 L i b r a r y C o m m i t t e e
( B ) H o w m a n y l i b r a r y s t a f f m e m b e r s a r e e n g a g e d i n b o o k
s e l e c t i o n ? 9. ( A ) I s t h e r e a s u b j e c t w i s e a l l o c a t i o n o f
b o o k
grant ? Y e s / N o
( 8 ) W h o a l l o c a t e s t h e b o o k g r a n t ? ( P l e a s e t i c k ) V i c e C h a n c e l l o r / L i b r a r y C o m m i t t e e / E x e c u t i v e C o u n c i l
( C ) W h a t i s t h e c r i t e r i o n f o r a l l o c a t i o n o f b o o k g r a n t ?
1 0 . ( A ) H o w m u c h t i m e i s u s u a l l y t a k e n b y y o u r l i b r a r y t o p r o c e s s t h e b o o k s a f t e r t h e i r a r r i v a l , a n d m a k e t h e m a v a i l a b l e t o i t s u s e r s ?
( B ) W h i c h s c h e m e o f c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d o y o u f o l l o w i ny o u r l i b r a r y ?
C C / D C / U D C / L C a n y o t h e r s .
( C ) W h i c h c a t a l o g u e c o d e d o y o u f o l l o w i n y o u r
1 i b r a r y ? .
3 4 7
A L A / C C C / A A C R ( D / A C C R ( I I ) / A N Y
O T HE R
757 P l e a s e g i v e t h e n u m b e r o f t o t a l b o o k s i n y o u r l i b r a r y f o r t h e y e a r s :
( S e p a r a t e d a t a s h e e t a t t a c h e d )
758 H o w m a n y p e r i o d i c a l s d o y o u a c q u i r e , i n t h e f o l l o w i n g c a t e g o r i e s ?
759 G e n e r a l i a
760 S o c i a l S c i e n c e s
761 H u m a n i t i e s
762 N a t u r a l S c i e n c e s
763 P e r i o d i c a l s i n e x c h a n g e
764 P e r i o d i c a l s - g r a t i s .
765 N ew s Papers
766 G e n e r a l m e g a z i n e s ( P o p u l a r ) m o n t h l i e s / w e e k l i e s e t c .
( i ) H o w d o y o u g e t t h e p e r i o d i c a l s ?
767 T h r o u g h l o c a l v e n d o r
768 S u b s c r i p t i o n a g e n c i e s
769 D i r e c t f r o m t h e p u b l i s h e r
( i i ) W h i c h s y s t e m d o y o u a d o p t f o r m a i n t a i n g p e r i o d i c a lr e c o r d i n y o u r l i b r a r y ?
ON E C A R D / T W O C A R D / T HR E E C A R D / K A R DE X / RE GI S T E R / A N Y O T HE R
( i i i ) D o y o u f a c e a n y p r o b l e m s i n a c q u i r i n g p e r i o d i c a l s r e g u l a r l y i n t i m e ?Y e s / N o
( i v ) I f y e s , p l e a s e s t a t e t h e p r o b l e m s i n b r i e f .
770 ( A ) P l e a s e m e n t i o n t h e w o r k i n g h o u r s o f y o u r l i b r a r y ?
A u g u s t t o D e c e m b e r
J a n u a r y t o M a y
4324 3 2
J u n e t o J u l y
771 W h i c h i s s u e s y s t e m d o y o u f o l l o w i n y o u r l i b r a r y ? B R O WN E
/ N EW YA R K / R EG IS TE R / A N Y O T HE R
772 P l e a s e s t a t e t h e n u m b e r o f b o o k s t h a t h a v e b e e n i s s u e d b y y o u r l i b r a r y d u r i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g y e a r s ?
773 H o w m a n y b o o k s d o y o u i s s u e t o e a c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g c a t e g o r i e s o f r e a d e r s a n d f o r h o w m u c h t i m e ?
C a t e g o r y o f R e a d e r s
T e a c h e r
R e s e a r c h S c h o l a r s
S t u d e n t s / P o s t - G r a d u a t e / U n d e r G r a d u a t e
A d m i n i s t r a t i v e S t a f f O t h e r s i f a n y
774 P l e a s e s t a t e t h e t o t a l w o r k i n g h o u r s o f d i f f e r e n t s e c t i o n s o f l i b r a r y a n d s t a t e w o r k i n g d a y s o f a w e e k ?
S e c t i o n W o r k i n g h o u r s W o r k i n g d a y s o fa w e e k
775 D o y o u c o l l e c t o v e r d u e c h a r g e s ? Y e s / N o
776 I f y e s , p l e a s e g i v e t h e t o t a l d u e s c o l l e c t e d f o r t h e y e a r s .
( S e p a r a t e d a t a s h e e t a t t a c h e d )
777 ( A ) H o w m a n y s e a t s a r e p r o v i d e d i n y o u r r e a d i n g r o o m ?
778 D o y o u h a v e r e s e a r c h c u b i c l e s ? Y e s / N o
779 I f y e s , h o w m a n y ?
780 ( A ) D o y o u p r o v i d e a c t i v e r e f e r e n c e s e r v i c e s t o y o u rr e a d e r s ? Y e s / N o
( B ) DO y o u p r o v i d e d o c u m e n t a t i o n /i n f o r m a t i o n s e r v i c e ? Y e s / N o
433
781 I f y e s , i s i t i n a n t i c i p a t i o n o r o n d e m a n d ?
A N TI C I PAT I O N / DEM A N D
782 D o y o u p r e p a r e b i b l i o g r a p h i e s / i n d e x e s / a b s t r a c t s e t c . t o h e l p t h e f a c u l t y i nt h e i r s t u d y a n d r e s e a r c h ? Y e s / N o
783 I f y e s , p l e a s e n a m e s u c h s e r v i c e :
< F ) D o y o u h a v e
M i c r o f i l m i n g f a c i l i t i e s Ye s/ N o
M i c r o f i l m R e a d e r Y e s / N o
R e p r o g r a p h i c s e r v i c e Yes/ N o
A n y o t h e r a u d i o - v i s u a l f a c i l i t y Yes/ N o
( 0 ) D o y o u p r o v i d e t r a n s l a t i o n s e r v i c e t oy o u r c l i e n t e l e ? Yes/ N o
( H ) D o y o u p r o v i d e n e w s p a p e r c l i p p i n gs e r v i c e ? Yes/ N o
784 ( A ) D o y o u l o a n d o c u m e n t s o n I n t e r l i b r a r yl o a n t o o t h e r s ? . Yes/ N o
785 I f y e s , p l e a s e g i v e t h e n u m b e r o f d o c u m e n t s l o a n e d d u r i n g t h e y e a r s .
C O D o y o u b o r r o w d o c u m e n t s o n i n t e r l i b r a r yl o a n f r o m o t h e r s ? Yes/ N o
( D ) I f y e s , p l e a s e g i v e t h e n u m b e r o f d o c u m e n t s r e c e i v e d d u r i n g t h e y e a r s :
786 ( A ) D o y o u h a v e o p e n a c c e s s i n y o u r l i b r a r y ? Yes/ N o < B > I f y e s ,
i s i t f u l l o r p a r t i a l o p e n a c c e s s ?
F U L L / PA R T I AL
787 D o y o u u n d e r t a k e s t o c k t a k i n g w o r k r e g u l a r l y ? Y e s / N o
788 I f y e s , h o w f r e q u e n t l y ?
Y E A R LY / T W O Y EA R LY / O N C E IN M OR E T HA N 2 Y E A RS
3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4
( E ) H o w m a n y b o o k s a r e f o u n d l o s t d u r i n g t h e l a t e s t
s t o c k v e r i f i c a t i o n s ? < F ) A r e t h e l o s t b o o k s w r i t t e n o f f ? Y e s / N o
789 P l e a s e g i v e t h e n u m b e r o f m e m b e r s o f y o u r l i b r a r y d u r i n g
790 ( A ) D o y o u h a v e a s e p a r a t a l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g ? Y e s / N o
791 I f n o , w h e r e i s y o u r l i b r a r y h o u s e d ?
792 I f y e s , h o w m u c h m o n e y h a s b e e n p r o v i d e d f o r t h e l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g b y t h e —
U G C
S t a t e G o v e r n m e n t .
U n i v e r s i t y O t h e r
a g e n c y
793 D o y o u h a v e p l a n s f o r e x t e n s i o n o f y o u r l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g ? Y e s / N o
794 P l e a s e a t t a c h a b l u e p r i n t o f y o u r l i b r a r y b u i l d i n g , a l o n g w i t h p l a n s f o r e x t e n s i o n .
2 0 . ( A ) W h a t h a s b e e n t h e t o t a l b u d g e t o f y o u r u n i v e r s i t yd u r i n g p l a n p e r i o d ?
795 W h a t h a s b e e n t h e t o t a l u n i v e r s i t y a l l o c a t i o n t o l i b r a r y d u r i n g p l a n p e r i o d ?
796 D o y o u r e c e i v e a n y g r a n t s f r o m a n y
T R US T / E N DO WM E N T e t c . ? Y e s / N o
C D ) I f y e s , p l e a s e g i v e d e t a i l s o f s o u r c e a n d a m o u n t w i t h y e a r .
( E ) W h a t p e r c e n t a g e o f y o u r l i b r a r y b u d g e t i s s p e n t o m
797 S t a f f s a l a r i e s a n d w a g e s
798 P u r c h a s e o f b o o k s a n d p e r i o d i c a l s
799 O t h e r s