Sight Reading Made SimpleSummary of Workshop 2

The 3 Main topics were:

1) Form and Expectation2) Building Blocks

3) Chunking

Form and Expectation: See the forest from the trees

Sections

• How many sections are there? • How many bars is each section? • Are there repeats? Is there a D.C.? • Do any

sections return later on? • What keys are each section in? Accidentals can be a good clue if a section is changing

key.

Rounded binary form• A-B (A)

Ternary Form• A-B-A

Keys

Step 1: Get to know the keys and key signatures (the ones used mostly on guitar)• Learn the keys visually using charts (chart and the circle of 5ths)• Play through the keys using scales and chords

Step 2: Identify keys based on the musical context • Look at the first and last notes• Look for a consistently raised note (might be a clue that it’s in minor)• Know the key changes that are most commonly used (relative, parallel, dominant)

Repetition

Repetition of Phrases• Identify phrases or passages that repeat.

�18

c) Repetition

Repetition is a vital part of music, providing unity and threads that the listener can follow.

While there are many types of repetitions you can find in music, just two will be discussed here:

1) Repetition of phrases2) Repetition of rhythm

Repetition of phrases

Phrases will very often contain repetitions of fragments, or sometimes entire phrases. Identifying these repetitions can help you take a back seat for some moments, as you’ve just played through the material already. This is in addition to the larger scale repetitions of form - we’re “zooming in” a bit now and finding repetitions within sections. Repeat of

Repeat of

Repeat of (notice how fingerings aren’t provided here)

Repetition of Rhythms• Identify rhythms that repeat, especially as larger groups.

�19

Repetition of rhythm

Rhythm can be even more repetitive than phrasing. Sometimes an entire piece will be made up mostly from one rhythm, but more often pieces are made of just a handful (or less) rhythms. Identify them and where they repeat and you don’t have to worry about the rhythm anymore!

Repeating Rhythm

Repeating Rhythm

Repeating Rhythm (and phrase)

Repeating Rhythm

Building Blocks: Prepare yourself by practicing relevant scales and chords

Scale Segments

• Identify scale segments that are used. • Write out the scale based on the segments used in the piece.

�30

A: A Minor

B: A Major

1 2 3 4 5 4 5 6 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5

4 5 6

4 3 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 4 3 2

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4 3 2 3 2 1 2 3

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Create Your Own Scales!

Look at the range of the fragments and draw up your scales based on that. This is a great way to learn scales as they apply specifically to pieces of music. You can also learn the fretboard thoroughly by mapping out scale fragments that occur in higher positions.

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A Minor

A Major

�30

A: A Minor

B: A Major

1 2 3 4 5 4 5 6 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5

4 5 6

4 3 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 4 3 2

7 6 6 5 4 3 4 #4 5

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Create Your Own Scales!

Look at the range of the fragments and draw up your scales based on that. This is a great way to learn scales as they apply specifically to pieces of music. You can also learn the fretboard thoroughly by mapping out scale fragments that occur in higher positions.

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A Major

Primary Chords

• I-IV-V-I • Occur in just about every piece • Identify the chords in the pieces you’re reading • Practice the primary chords in the relevant keys

�34

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E MinorEm-Am-B7-Em

EmAm B7 Em

Connection Most chords used in the piece above are the primary chords of E minor.

Below are the primary chords in 1st position - do you see the almost direct connection between these chords and the piece above?

Em Am

B7Am B7

Am B7 Em B7 Em

Am B7 Em Em AmEm B7 Em

�35

Easy

Em Am

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Em Am B7

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More pieces using the primary chords of E Minor

�38

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G Major

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1 Sharp

G C D7

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Primary Chords in E Minor

Piece in E Minor

Chunking

• Create a harmonic reduction by stacking notes together into chords • This makes your technique and reading more efficient • Write out the chunked version onto manuscript • Write in the fingerings vertically for each chord in the standard score

�54

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Chunked Version

Chunked Fingerings