signal words and writing prompts facilitating higher level thinking skills
DESCRIPTION
Cite evidence Mention in support (of a thesis statement); refer to as an example Specifics using quotes or paraphrasing essential details Mention in support (of a thesis statement); refer to as an example Specifics using quotes or paraphrasing essential detailsTRANSCRIPT
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Signal words and writing prompts
Facilitating higher level thinking skills
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Signal words Analyze - break apart, examine
methodically
Reader’s voice as well as author’s
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Cite evidence Mention in support (of a thesis
statement); refer to as an example
Specifics using quotes or paraphrasing essential details
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Compare/contrast
When asked to evaluate two related passages
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evaluate Make a judgment after weighing
specific evidence
Judgment is reader’s evaluation of what author writes
Specific evidence (in text) should correlate/support judgment
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Generalize
Draw conclusions based upon presented information
Correlation/support with essential specific details (in text)
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Interpret
Provide meaning: make it clear
Readers should use own language
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Sentence startersUsing language of PSSA
Anchors, PA Reading Standards
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“interpret and/or analyze the effect of . .”
Include the impact/effect upon the reader
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Need both reader and author input when:
Analyzing Interpreting Evaluating generalizing
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Writing prompts
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Things to consider
Reading passages Shorter in length Higher in rigor
Lend themselves to analysis, evaluation, interpretation, etc.
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Target passage types Fiction
Story Poem
Non-Fiction Informational Biography (auto) OR practical/how-
to/advertisement Essay/editorial
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Prompt Related to a PA reading
standard/anchor Incorporate language of the
standard/anchor Ask for supporting
details/examples from passage
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Writing prompt response
Requirements Need to respond directly in first
sentence or two Incorporate key words/phrases from
prompt Cite evidence from text to support Should support with more than one
essential detail
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considerStudent response should be
brief and to the point:5 or 6 sentences max
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PSSA rubric for open ended reading items
Included in handout
Familiarize students with the language
let students evaluate other responses using the rubric