sika technology and concepts for esd and conductive flooring

Sika Technology and Concepts

for ESD and Conductive Flooring

Requirements with Sikafloor®

2

What Is Conductivity and How Does It Work?

Conductivity refers to the ability of a material to conduct an electrical charge to earth or ‘ground’. In non-technical terms, this can be de-scribed as the ability of a material to carry or ‘conduct’ an electrical cur-rent. The electrical conductivity or the specifi c conductance of a fl ooring system is therefore also a measure of the material’s ability to conduct an electric current. An electric current is a quantitative measure of the amount of charged particles passing through a medium, and in order for an electric current to be created, there needs to be an electrical potential difference between two points in a conductive medium with an energy source to drive the charge. The electrical resistance of a material is a measure of its resistance to the fl ow of an electric current. An ohmmeter is a device that is used to measure this conductivity or electrical resistance. The conductivity or electrical resistance of a fl ooring system is therefore also measured with an ohmmeter. The ohmmeter measures the amount of electrical friction generated as the charged particles pass through an electrical conductor e.g. Sikafl oor®-262 AS N. This measured value is then expressed in units of “ohm”, which are governed by “Ohm’s Law”. This states that “the current passing through an electrical circuit is directly propor tional to the amount of voltage used to create the fl ow and is inversely pro-portional to the resistance when the temperature is constant”. It can be written in three ways: V = I × R, or I=V/R, or R=V/I Where: V = voltage in volts (V), I = current in amps (A), R = resistance in ohms (Ω) Or alter-natively it can be used where: V = voltage in volts (V), I = current in milliamps (mA), R = resistance in kilohms (kΩ).For most electronic circuits the amp is too large and the ohm is too small, therefore it is usual to measure the current in milliamps (mA) and therefore to obtain the resistance in kilohms (kΩ). 1 mA = 0.001 A and 1 kΩ = 1000 Ω. These Ohm’s Law equations work if you use V, A and Ω and also if you use V, mA and kΩ, but you cannot mix these sets of units in the same equations.

Controlling electrostatic discharge begins with understanding how an electrostatic charge occurs in the fi rst place. An Electro Static Discharge

What is ESD?

One of the main causes of device failures in the semi-conductor in dustry is Electro Static Discharge (ESD).An ESD event basically produces a spark (a micro-lightning bolt in effect), which passes from one charged conductive surface to another. This incredibly rapid transfer of what had previously been a static (non-moving) charge can cause fi res, explosions, create heat, light and even sounds. It is this potentially unseen, unfelt or unheard ‘micro lightning’ or spark without warning that must be prevented or controlled.

What Does an ESD Event Do?

(ESD) is the transfer of an electrostatic charge between two objects. This is a very rapid event that happens when two objects with differ-ent electrical potentials come into direct contact with each other. This charging results in one object gaining electrons on its surface area to become negatively charged, whilst the other object loses electrons from its surface area and therefore becomes positively charged. The creation of an electrical discharge by this contact and separation of objects is known as triboelectrical charging, which also explains the small static electric shock you may receive from touching certain objects.Electrostatic charges are therefore commonly created by the contact and separation of two similar or dissimilar materials. For example, a person walking across the fl oor generates static electricity as shoe soles contact and then separate from the fl oor surface. A metal com-ponent or an electronic device sliding into or out of a case or against another piece of equipment also generates an electrostatic charge as multiple contacts and separations are made.

3

Where Do I Need a Conductive Floor?

In industries where electronic components or volatile chemicals are involved, static electricity can result in signifi cant damage, injury and fi nancial loss. All active electronic components and equipment e.g. micro-chips, integrated circuits and machinery are sensitive to ESD events. Even when areas and people are equipped to handle such

An Example of an Electrostatic Discharge Protected Area (EPA)

1. Groundable wheels 2. Groundable surface 3. Wrist band and foot wear

tester 4. Footwear footplate 5. Wrist band and grounding

cord 6. Grounding cord 7. Ground 8. Earth bounding point (EBP) 9. Groundable point of trolley 10. Toe and heel strap (footwear) 11. Ionizer 12. Dissipative surfaces 13. Seating with groundable

feet’sand pads 14. Sikafl oor® ESD or

Sikafl oor® ECF System 15. Garments 16. Shelving with grounded

surfaces 17. Groundable racking 18. EPA sign 19. Machine

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10

5

14

3

12

7

16

2

11

6

15

4

13

8

9

17

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static-sensitive devices, inadvertent contact and damage can still occur. Sikafl oor® ESD (Electro Static Discharge) and Sikafl oor® ECF (Electrically Conductive Flooring) Systems, can safeguard your entire process. These systems can be used to design and produce a fl oor that is’ tailor-made’ to meet your specifi c needs.

Sikafl oor® ESD for Handling, production, assembling, storage of sensitive electronic devices

Sikafl oor® ECF for explosive atmospheres and substances (i.e. gas, vapour, spray, liquids, dust, explosives, fi reworks etc.)

4

Global Sikafloor® Solutions for ESD Protection and Electr

resistance of theperson/footwear/flooring systemRg <10 Ohm

body voltage <100V9

ESD-protection

ESD-protectionpersonnel are grounded

by a wrist strap

alternative

ESD-protectionflooring is used

for grounding personnel

resistance of theperson/footwear/flooring system

R <35 x 10 Ohm6

resistance to ground(electrode)

Rg <10 Ohm9

US-Standards:

Systems:

ANSI/ESD S 20.20

(ANSI/ESD STM97.1)System Test: < 35 M Ω

ANSI/ESD S 20.20

(ANSI/ESD STM97.2)Walking Test (BVG) < 100 Volt

ANSI/ESD S 20.20

(ANSI/ESD S7.1)Resistance to Ground RG < 109 Ω

ASTM F 150

(ECF) Surface to Ground Test:>2.5x104 – <1x106Ω

ASTM F 150

(ECF) Surface to Surface Test:>2.5x104 – <1x106Ω

ASTM F 150

(DIF) Surface to Ground Test:>1x106 – <1x109Ω

ASTM F 150

(DIF) Surface to Surface Test:>1x106 – <1x109Ω

Smooth ESD roller coating (Epoxy)

Sikafl oor®-200 ESD – –

Sikafl oor®-200C ESD – –

Roller coating for high chemical resistance (Epoxy Novolac)

Sikafl oor®-700 ESD

Sikafl oor®-700C ESD – –

Smooth ESD roller coating (Polyurethane)


Meets the Standard – Does not meet the Standard

IEC 61340

These Standards describe the protection of Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive devices (ESDS) from electrostatic phenomena. The require-ments for an EPA (ESD Protected Area) are detailed and described, from the fl ooring up to the most suitable work clothes. According to IEC 61340-4-1, the resistance to ground must be measured. IEC 61340-4-5 describes the standard test methods for the electro-static protection capability of footwear and fl ooring in combination with a person and the measurement of chargeability; the so-called Body Voltage Generation (BVG) is also described.

Resistance Ranges According to IEC 61340-5-1

DIN VDE 0100-410 (IEC 60364-4-41)

Part 4-41 of IEC 60364 deals with protection against electric shock as applied to electrical installations. It is based on IEC 61140 which is the basic safety standard that applies to the protection of persons and livestock.

DIN EN 1081

This Standard describes the determination of the electrical resistance of resilient fl oor coverings. The electrical resistance to ground is also measured using a Tripod Electrode.

TRBS 2153

This is a German standard that applies to the assessment and prevention of ignition due to static electricity in designated hazardous areas, and for the selection and implementation of protective measures to avoid these dangers.

Standards

There are more than 20 different Standards dealing with the subject of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD). Sika provides global solutions and specifi c solutions for the particular requirements of the markets in Europe, North America and Asia Pacifi c. The most widely used Standards are presented below.

5

rostatic Discharge Control

European-Standards:

Systems:

DIN EN 1081

Resistance to Ground RG < 108 Ω

IEC 61340-5-1

(IEC 61340-4-5) System Test: < 35 M Ω

IEC 61340-5-1

(IEC 61340-4-5) Walking Test (BVG) < 100 Volt

IEC 61340-5-1

(IEC 61340-4-1) Resistance to Ground RG < 109 Ω

ATEX 137 / TRBS 2153

European Standard Resistance to Ground RG < 108 Ω

DIN VDE 0100-410

(IEC 60364-4-41)

Isolation Resistance > 50 kΩ

Smooth and textured, hygienic ECF fl oors

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ooth

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Sik

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oor®

-26

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Sikafl oor®-262 AS N – –

Sikafl oor®-262 AS Thixo – –

High chemical resistance

Sikafl oor®-381 AS – –

Sikafl oor®-390 AS – –

Aprooved for clean rooms

Sikafl oor®-266 ECF CR – –

Sikafl oor®-269 ECF CR – –

ESD systems with very low body voltage generation

Sikafl oor®-235 ESD

Sikafl oor®-262 AS N + Sikafl oor®-230 ESD TopCoat

Meets the Standard – Doesn’t meet the Standard

Standards used in Asia:

Systems:

SJ/T 11294-2003

(ECF) Resistance to Ground RG >5 x 104 – < 1 x 106 Ω

SJ/T 11294-2003

(DIF)Resistance to Ground RG >1 x 106 – < 1 x 109 Ω

IEC 61340-5-1

(IEC 61340-4-5)System Test: < 35 M Ω

IEC 61340-5-1

(IEC 61340-4-5)Walking Test (BVG) < 100 Volt

IEC 61340-5-1

(IEC 61340-4-1)Resistance to Ground RG < 109 Ω

Smooth, hygienic fl oors

Sikafl oor®-262 AS N – – –

Sikafl oor®-239 EDF – –

High chemical resistance

Sikafl oor®-390 AS – – –

Sikafl oor®-381 AS – – –

ESD system with very low body voltage generation


Sikafl oor®-262 AS N + Sikafl oor®-230 ESD TopCoat – –

Meets the Standard – Doesn’t meet the Standard

ASTM F 150

This Standard is a test method that covers the determination of electrical conductance or resistance of resilient fl ooring, either in tile or sheet form, for applications such as hospitals, computer rooms, clean rooms, access fl ooring, munitions plants, or any other environment concerning personnel-generated static electricity.

SJ/T 11294-2003

This Chinese Standard is the general Chinese specifi cation standard for fl oor coatings for electrostatic protection.

Please note:

None of the specifi c conductivity or electrical resistance values mentioned in any of these International or National Standards, nor in the descriptions and tables shown above are mandatory. These values should be adapted to meet the requirements of the responsible local authorities.

Before applying an ESD, conductive or dissipative fl ooring system, Sika always recommends a detailed assessment of at least the following parameters, and then for the appropriate values to be agreed and accepted by all of the parties involved:

Limits for the electrical resistance and body voltage generationMethods of MeasurementEquipment to make these measurementsAny applicable standards or specifi cations

ANSI/ESD S 20.20

This Standard covers the requirements necessary to design, establish, implement and maintain an Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Control Program for activities that manufacture, process, assemble, install, package, label, service, test, inspect or otherwise handle electrical or electronic components, plus assemblies and equipment susceptible to damage by electrostatic discharges greater than, or equal to 100 volts Human Body Model (HBM). This Standard is also harmonized with the IEC 61340-5-1.

6

Sikafloor® Solutions for Areas with Explosive Atmospheres or

Substances (i.e. Gas, Dust, Explosives, Fireworks etc.)

Requirements Sika System / PerformanceDesign / Build-up

Textured Conductive Coating

Good wear and abrasion resistanceGood chemical resistanceSlip resistanceEasy cleaningConductive

Primer: Sikafl oor®-156/-161Conductive layer: Sikafl oor®-220 W ConductiveTextured conductive coating: Sikafl oor®-262 AS N ThixoA two part, total solids, electrostatic conductive, coloured, epoxy resin based binder for textured coating systems.Total layer thickness: 0.6 – 0.8 mm

Smooth Conductive Screed

High wear and abrasion resistanceGood chemical resistanceColouredEasy cleaningConductive

Primer: Sikafl oor®-156/-161Conductive layer: Sikafl oor®-220 W ConductiveWearing course: Sikafl oor®-262 AS NA two part, total solids, electrostatic conductive, coloured, epoxy binder for self-smoothing screed systems.Total layer thickness: approx. 2 mm

Heavy Duty Monolithic Conductive Finish

for Concrete

Excellent abrasion resistanceExcellent impact resistanceExtreme durabilityConductive

Monolithic concrete slab using Sikament® or Sika® ViscoCrete® SCC technology. Dry shake fl oor hardener Sikafl oor®-1 MetalTop applied to the fresh concrete slab before power-fl oat fi nishing, surface cured and sealed with Sikafl oor® Proseal-22

NoOsmosis

7

Sikafloor® Solutions for Areas Involved in the Handling,

Production, Assembly or Storage of ESD-Sensitive Devices


Smooth ESD Screed + TopCoat

Low Body Voltage Generation (BVG)Easy applicationIn accordance with ESD static dissipative requirementsMatt fi nishColoured

Primer: Sikafl oor®-156/161Conductive layer: Sikafl oor®-220 W ConductiveWearing course: Sikafl oor®-262 AS NTop coat: Sikafl oor®-230 ESDA two part, total solids, electrostatic conductive, epoxy resin based binder, for self-smoothing screed systems, produced in combination with a two part, water dispersed, electrostatic conductive, coloured, epoxy resin based roller coating for ESD-control requirements. Total layer thickness: approx. 2 mm

Smooth ESD Screed

High wear and abrasion resistanceGood chemical resistanceLow Body Voltage Generation (BVG)Easy cleaningStatic dissipative

Smooth Dissipative ESD Screed

High wear and abrasion resistanceGood chemical resistanceLow Body Voltage Generation (BVG)Easy cleaningStatic dissipative

Primer: Sikafl oor®-156/161Conductive layer: Sikafl oor®-220 W ConductiveWearing course: Sikafl oor®-239 EDFA two part, total solids, electrostatic dissipative, epoxy resin based binder for self-smoothing screed systems with ESD-control requirements.Available for the asian market.

Total layer thickness: approx. 2 mm

Primer: Sikafl oor®-156/-161Conductive layer: Sikafl oor®-220 W ConductiveWearing course: Sikafl oor®-235 ESDA two part, total solids, electrostatically dissipative, coloured, epoxy resin based binder for self-smoothing screed systems.Total layer thickness: approx. 2 mm

8

Sikafloor® Solutions for Areas Involved in the Handling,

Production, Assembly or Storage of ESD-Sensitive Devices


Smooth ESD Roller Coating

Less than 15 volts BVG Easy to apply, easy one-step recoatAvailable in two resistance range:

– Conductive (2.5 x 104 to 1 x 106 ohms)

– Static Dissipative (1.0 x 106 to 1.0 x 109)

Good chemical resistance

Primer: Sikafl oor®-107/207Conductive layer: Sikafl oor®-100 W (for conductive fl oor applications)Wearing course: Sikafl oor®-200/C ESDA four-component, ESD, epoxy resin based coating for systems, designed to impart electrostatic control properties to existing non-conductive substrates and concrete. Available for the US market.

Layer thickness: approx. 15 mils / 0.40 mm

Chemical Resistant ESD Roller Coating

Excellent wear, abrasion and impact resistanceEasy to apply, easy one-step recoatAvailable in two resistance range:

– Conductive (2.5 x 104 to 1 x 106 ohms)

– Static Dissipative (1.0 x 106 to 1.0 x 109)

Good chemical resistance

Primer: Sikafl oor®-107/207Conductive layer: Sikafl oor®-100 W (for conductive fl ooring applications)Wearing course: Sikafl oor®-700/C ESDA three-component, ESD epoxy novolac resin based system, designed especially for areas that require both ESD control and chemical resistance to acids and solvents. Available for the US market.

Layer thickness: approx. 15 mils/ 0.40 mm

Smooth ESD Roller Coating (USA = PUD)

High wear and abrasion resistanceGood chemical resistanceBroad range of colours (pastels to dark)Easy to maintain and simple to clean Easy to apply, easy one-step recoatNon yellowingStatic Dissipative (PUD)

Primer: Sikafl oor®-107/207Wearing course: Sikafl oor®-340 ESDA fi ve part, aliphatic polyurethane and polyester resin based system, designed to impart ESD electrostatic control properties to a variety of substrates, including existing non-conductive coatings, vinyl tiles, static control tiles and concrete. Available for the US market.

Layer thickness: approx. 8 mils / 0.20 mm

9

Sikafloor® Solutions for Areas Requiring Conductivity and

Chemical Resistance


Smooth, Flexible, Highly Chemically

Resistant, Glass Fabric Reinforced Coating

High wear and abrasion resistanceExtremely high chemical resistanceWaterproofGlass fabric reinforced

Primer: Sika® Asplit® VE leveling mortarWearing course: Sika® Asplit® VE + glass fabricA two part, highly chemically resistant, crack bridging, coloured vinyl ester resin based binder for glass fi bre reinforced coating systems.Total system thickness: approx. 3 mm

Smooth, Chemically Resistant Conductive

Screed

High wear and abrasion resistanceHigh chemical resistanceColouredEasy cleaningConductive

Primer: Sikafl oor®-156/-161Conductive layer: Sikafl oor®-220 W Conductive Wearing course: Sikafl oor®-381 ASA two part, total solids, highly chemical resistant, electrostatically conductive, coloured, epoxy resin based binder for self-smoothing screed systems.Total layer thickness: approx. 2 mm

Smooth, Flexible, Chemically Resistant

Conductive Screed

High wear and abrasion resistanceHigh chemical resistanceCrack-bridgingColouredEasy cleaningConductive

Primer: Sikafl oor®-156/-161Conductive layer: Sikafl oor®-220 W ConductiveWearing course: Sikafl oor®-390 ASA two part, total solids, highly chemically resistant, electrostatically conductive, crack-bridging, coloured, epoxy resin based binder for self-smoothing screed systems.Total layer thickness: approx. 2 mm

10

Sikafloor® Solutions for Clean Rooms with Conductive

Requirements


Smooth, Ultra-Low VOC, Conductive

Screed

Ultra-Low VOC/AMC emissionsLow particle emissionsConductiveHigh wear resistanceIPA certifi ed “Cleanroom Suitable Material”

Primer: Sikafl oor®-144/-161Conductive layer:Sikafl oor®-220 W ConductiveWearing course:Sikafl oor®-269 ECF CRA two part, total solids, electrostatic conductive, ultra-low emission, coloured, epoxy resin based binder for self-smoothing screed systems.Total layer thickness: approx. 2 mm

Smooth, Low VOC, Conductive Screed

Low VOC/AMC emissionsLow particle emissionsHigh wear resistanceGood chemical resistanceConductiveColouredIPA certifi ed “Cleanroom Suitable Material”

Primer: Sikafl oor®-144/-161Conductive layer:Sikafl oor®-220 W ConductiveWearing course:Sikafl oor®-266 ECF CRA two part, total solids, electrostatically conductive, low emission, coloured, epoxy resin based binder for self-smoothing screed systems.Total layer thickness: approx. 2 mm

Smooth Low VOC ESD Screed

Low VOC/AMC emissionsLow particle emissionsHigh wear resistanceGood chemical resistanceStatic dissipativeColouredIPA certifi ed “Cleanroom Suitable Material”

Primer: Sikafl oor®-144/-161Conductive layer:Sikafl oor®-220 W ConductiveWearing course:Sikafl oor®-235 ESDA two part, total solids, ESD, low emission, coloured, epoxy resin based binder for self-smoothing screed systems.Total layer thickness: approx. 2 mm

For

Food

For

Food

For

Food

11

Additional Sikafloor® Conductive Solutions


Slip Resistant Conductive Screed

Slip resistantHigh chemical resistanceConductiveHigh wear resistance and abrasion resistanceTough elastic

Primer: Sikafl oor®-156/161Conductive layer: Sikafl oor®-220 W ConductiveWearing course: Sikafl oor®-390 ASBroadcasting: Silicon CarbideTopCoat: Sikafl oor®-390A two part, total solids, highly chemically resistant, electrostatically conductive, crack-bridging, slip resistant, epoxy resin based binder for self-smoothing, broadcast screed systems.Total layer thickness: approx. 2.5 mm

Conductive Wall-Coatings

ConductiveEasy to applyHigh wear resistanceGood chemical resistanceColouredMatt fi nish

Primer: Sikafl oor®-2530 W + 5% H20

Intermediate Layer: Sikafl oor-2530 WTopCoat: Sikafl oor®-230 ESD TopCoatA two part, water dispersed, electrostatically conductive, coloured, epoxy resin based, roller coating for ESD-requirements on walls and ceilings with medium mechanical loading, including concrete, renders and gypsum plasters.Total layer thickness: approx. 0.4 mm

Conductive Medium Duty Chemically and

Wear Resistant Screed

High wear resistanceConductive High chemical resistance Medium thermal shock resistanceColouredHygienic

Primer/Scratch Coat: Sikafl oor®-25 S PurCem ECFWearing course: Sikafl oor®-25 PurCem ECFA 3 part water dispersed, conductive, selfs-moothing, polyurethane resin based, heavyduty screed system.Total layer thickness: approx. 4.5 – 6 mm

For

Food

1212

Sikafloor®-Earthing Kit

An electrostatic charge, which occurs during materials contact and separation, has to be discharged via an earthing point. Sika provides the Sikafl oor®-Earthing Kit, a unique tool box containing all of the necessary components for up to 10 earthing points.Every earthing point is able to conduct to earth approximately 300 m2 Ensure the longest distance between each earthing point in each room or area is a maximum of 10 m apart. In larger areas with longer distances, additional earthing points must be installed in accordance with the Electrical Engineer’s requirements.If site conditions or other constraints do not allow the positioning of any additional earthing points that are required, then any longer distances (>10 m) must be bridged by the use of additional adhesive copper tapes in accordance with the relevant specifi cations. All of the earthing points have to be connected to an appropriate ring-main to ground them and this work must be carried out and approved by the responsible Electrical Engineer in accordance with all relevant local regulations.

Prepare and prime the substrate in accordance with the relevant Sikafl oor® PDS.Drill a 8 mm diameter hole, depth > 50 mmRemove all dust, loose and friable material and Insert the anchor, the top of the anchor must be fl ush with the fl oor surface.Fix the screw into the anchor with an Allen key, so that 16 mm of the Allen screw stick out.

Apply the copper tapes (2 x 10 mm) at either side of the drilled-hole as shown in the picture.Fix the large (D = 60 mm) and the medium size (D = 30 mm) washers with the nut (M 6) to the Allen screw.

Fit the small plastic tube onto the Allen screw and fasten tightly.Make sure the plastic tube is fi tted tightly before the application of Sikafl oor® materials.

Apply the conductive wearing layer and then the rest of the selected Sikafl oor® system. After full curing of the complete Sikafl oor® system, remove the plastic tube and clean the head of the Allen screw thoroughly.Fix the brass eyelet using the self-locking nut (M 6) on the Allen screw.Connect the earthing main cable with the brass eyelet (only by a qualifi ed Electrical Engineer).

13

CAD – Drawings Are Available

For alternative situation Sika can provide detailed CAD drawings of the different possibilities to position an earthing point. Please do not hesitate to ask your local Sika Technical Services Department for these.

Industrial flooring; 8.1 Resin Floors and Coatings N° 900_81_038_G/039_C_appl_0902

Author: Heini Aeppli

Date: 07/2009; Edition 002;

The information contained herein and any other advice are given in good faith based on Sika's current knowledge and experience of

the products when properly stored, handled and applied under normal conditions in accordance with Sika's recommendations. The

information only applies to the application(s) and product(s) expressly referred to herein. In case of changes in the parameters of the

application, such as changes in substrates etc., or in case of a different application, consult Sika's Technical Service prior to using

Sika products. The information contained herein does not relieve the user of the products from testing them for the intended

application and purpose. All orders are accepted subject to our current terms of sale and delivery. Users must always refer to the

most recent issue of the local Product Data Sheet for the product concerned, copies of which will be supplied on request.

Sika Services AG

Corporate Construction, Tüffenwies 16, CH-8048 Zürich, Switzerland

Phone +41 (0)58 436 40 40, Fax +41 (0)58 436 46 86, www.sika.com

Con

stru

ctio

n

Sikafloor®- Conductive Coatings

Detailing of placing of an earthing point, Standard Solution

(ECF / ESD floors)

Ground plan until step 9

C – C

1 Concrete construction

2 Sikafloor®-156/161, priming of the whole area

3 Drilling a hole for the heavy-duty anchor and inset-screw

4 Placing of the two copper-strips and insert anchor; anchor must be flush with the

floor surface

5 Placing of the brass-plate and brass-disc

6 Sikafloor®-220 W Conductive, conductive layer

7 Fix the large and medium size brass-plates with the large brass screw

8 Fix the eyelet fastener using the small brass washer and screw to the large brass

screw

9 Applicaton of Sikafloor® conductive coating onto the whole area

10 Isolated wire (The connection of the Earthing point to the mains has to be executed

by a licensed electrical engineer)

Industrial flooring; 8.1 Resin Floors and Coatings N° 900_81_012_C/037_G_appl_0807/0902 Author: Heini Aeppli Date: 07/2009; Edition 002;

The information contained herein and any other advice are given in good faith based on Sika's current knowledge and experience of the products when properly stored, handled and applied under normal conditions in accordance with Sika's recommendations. The information only applies to the application(s) and product(s) expressly referred to herein. In case of changes in the parameters of the application, such as changes in substrates etc., or in case of a different application, consult Sika's Technical Service prior to using Sika products. The information contained herein does not relieve the user of the products from testing them for the intended application and purpose. All orders are accepted subject to our current terms of sale and delivery. Users must always refer to the most recent issue of the local Product Data Sheet for the product concerned, copies of which will be supplied on request.

Sika Services AG Corporate Construction, Tüffenwies 16, CH-8048 Zürich, Switzerland Phone +41 (0)58 436 40 40, Fax +41 (0)58 436 46 86, www.sika.com

Con

stru

ctio

n

Sikafloor®- Conductive Coatings Detailing of placing of an earthing point within the area with a cut-out (ECF / ESD floors)

Ground plan until step 11

C - C

1 Concrete construction 2 Groove for the isolated wire. After placing the wire in the groove and before priming,

the groove must be filled with an epoxy mortar 3 Epoxy mortar 4 Sikafloor®-156/161, priming of the whole area and the cut-out5 Drilling a hole for the heavy-duty anchor and inset-screw 6 Placing of the two copper-strips and insert anchor; anchor must be flush with the

floor surface 7 Placing of the brass-plate and brass-disc 8 Sikafloor®-220 W Conductive, conductive layer 9 Fix the large and medium size brass-plates with the large brass screw

10 Fix the eyelet fastener using the small brass washer and screw to the large brass screw

11 The connection of the isolated wire point to the mains has to be executed by a licensed electrical engineer

12 Application of Sikafloor® conductive coating onto the whole area incl. cut-out

Sika's current knowledge and experience of cordance with Sika's recommendations. The In case of changes in the parameters of the

nsult Sika's Technical Service prior to using roducts from testing them for the intended and delivery. Users must always refer to thehich will be supplied on request.

Zürich, Switzerland 86, www.w.sssiikka.com

n the groove and before priming,

he cut-outcrew

anchor must be flush with the

large brass screw r and screw to the large brass

ns has to be executed by a

e whole area incl. cut-out

Industrial flooring; 8.1 Resin Floors and Coatings N° 900_81_035_G/036_C_appl_0901

Author: Heini Aeppli

Date: 07/2009; Edition 002;

The information contained herein and any other advice are given in good faith based on Sika's current knowledge and experience of

the products when properly stored, handled and applied under normal conditions in accordance with Sika's recommendations. The

information only applies to the application(s) and product(s) expressly referred to herein. In case of changes in the parameters of the

application, such as changes in substrates etc., or in case of a different application, consult Sika's Technical Service prior to using

Sika products. The information contained herein does not relieve the user of the products from testing them for the intended

application and purpose. All orders are accepted subject to our current terms of sale and delivery. Users must always refer to the

most recent issue of the local Product Data Sheet for the product concerned, copies of which will be supplied on request.

Sika Services AG Corporate Construction, Tüffenwies 16, CH-8048 Zürich, Switzerland

Phone +41 (0)58 436 40 40, Fax +41 (0)58 436 46 86, www.sika.com

Con

stru

ctio

n

Sikafloor®- Conductive Coatings Detailing of placing of an earthing wire within the area (ECF / ESD

floors)

C – C

1 Concrete construction 2 Joint of the cut-out section and surface preparation

3 Sikafloor®-156/161, priming of the whole area and the cut-out

4 Isolated wire 5 Fan out isolated wire fixed with copper tape

6 Filling the joint around the isolated wire with an epoxy mortar (The connection of the

point to the mains has to be executed by a licensed electrical engineer)

7 Sikafloor®-220 W Conductive, conductive layer

8 Application of Sikafloor® conductive coating onto the whole area incl. cut-out

9 Ground plan /view; showing the execution until step 6

14

Measurement of the Conductivity or Electrical Resistance of

Sikafloor® ESD and ECF Systems

As previously indicated at the beginning of this brochure, an Ohm meter, as pictured in the left photo, is the equipment that is used for the measurement of the conductivity or electrical resistance of these fl ooring systems. The range of the Ohm meter must be in within 1 x 103 Ohms (Ω) to 1 x 1013 Ω.

The metering voltage required for an electrical resistances of < 1 x 106 Ω is 10 V, whilst the metering voltage for an electrical resistances of ≥ 1 x 106 Ω is 100 V. Body Voltage Generation (BVG) is measured separately with an ‘electrostatic fi eld meter’.

The main differences between different models and manufacturers of the measurement electrodes used for this are not their size or the weight, but the type and hardness of their contact surface. This can give misleading results and should only be carried out by suitably qualifi ed and experienced people. Therefore Sika generally recommends for measurements according to IEC 61340 the use of metal electrodes with a contact area of 65 ± 5 mm, a conductive rubber pad of Shore Hardness A = 60 ± 10 and a weight of 2.5 ± 0.25 kg for hard resin fl oor surfaces.

15

Different Types of Conductive Floor Perform Differently

In the example of testing for resistance below, Sika Conductive “Carbon Fibre Fillers”-Technology is compared with Sika Conductive “Pigment Fillers”-Technology

These graphs show the effects of Multi-directional Conductivity and Uni-directional Conductivity obtained with the different fi ller types. As an additional practical example:

It is not possible to refurbish (over-coat) existing conductive fl oors based on carbon fi bre technology with each other, without the application of an intermediate conductive primer (such as Sikafl oor®-220 W Conductive). This is because there is a minimal chance that the carbon fi bres in each layer will make an adequate connection to the carbon fi bres in the other. As a result any electrical charges could not be discharged to ground. However this type of refurbishment and over-coating work is perfectly possible with systems based on conductive fi llers (such as Sikafl oor®-230 ESD or Sikafl oor®-200 ESD). This is because the conductive fi llers provide fully homogeneous conductivity.

Controlled Homogeneity of the Floor Surface using Sika Conductive “Pigment Fillers”-Technology

Typically the Resistance Point to Point (Rtt) is greater than the Resistance to Ground (Rtg)

Note:

The conductive fi llers are in permanent continuous contact and so there are many paths across & through the conductive system – the surface is suitable for point to point measurement.

Variable Floor Surface with Sika Conductive “Carbon Fibre Fillers”-Technology

Typically the Resistance to Ground (Rtg) with the Conductive Priming Layer is equal to or greater than the Resistance Point to Point (Rtt)

Note:

The resin around the fi bres can insulate points on the surface and within the thickness of the resin. Therefore Point to Point measurement is NOT recommended on the surface of conductive fl ooring systems based on carbon fi bre technology.

e.g. Sikafl oor®-230 ESD

e.g. Sikafl oor®-262 AS N e.g. Sikafl oor®-262 AS N

e.g. Sikafl oor®-230 ESD

Conductive Primer

Joint Sealing

Sikafl ex®

Sikasil®

Grouting

Sikadur®

SikaGrout®

Roofi ng

Sarnafi l®

Sikaplan®

SikaRoof® MTC®

Waterproofi ng

Sikaplan®, Sikalastic®

Sika® & Tricosal® Water stopsSika® Injection Systems

Concrete Production

Sika® ViscoCrete®

Sika® Retarder®

Sika® SikaAer®

Flooring

Sikafl oor®

SikaBond®

Concrete Repair and Protection

Sika® MonoTop®

Sikagard®

Sikadur®

Corrosion and Fire Protection

SikaCor®

Sika® Unitherm®

Structural Strengthening

Sika® CarboDur®

SikaWrap®

Sikadur®

Sika Full Range Solutions for Construction

Also Available from Sika

Our most current General Sales Conditions shall apply.Please consult the Product Data Sheet prior to any use and processing.

Sika Services AG

Business Unit ContractorsSpeckstrasse 268330 Pfäffi kon / SwitzerlandPhone +41 58 436 23 80Fax +41 58 436 23 77www.sika.com ©

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sika technology and concepts for esd and conductive flooring

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