silage systems – it’s about survival...
TRANSCRIPT
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Silage Systems – It’s About Survival Now
Western Alfalfa & Forage Conference December 12, 2011 Las Vegas, NV
Mark Marsalis Extension Agronomist
NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Clovis
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Hungry for Forage
• 425,000 Milking Cows • 170 Dairies • 9.6 Billion lbs. of Milk • 2,000 Head / Dairy
• 45 tons DM / Day
050
100150200250300350400
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Milk
Cow
s (1
,000
hea
d)
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Silage Acres in NM
(Source: NASS-NM)
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NM
Sila
ge A
cres
CornSorghum
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Ogallala Aquifer
Clovis, NM
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Where Did the Rain Go?
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
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2.5
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3.5
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep ('10) Oct ('10) Nov ('10) Dec ('10)
Pre
cip
itatio
n, i
nch
es
Long Term2010-2011
4.28 (0.31) 4.55 (2.61)
12.12 (4.69)
Precipitation for NMSU Agric. Sci. Center at Clovis.
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Corn Crop Water Use
Source: Managing Heat and Water Stressed Corn in the Texas Panhandle. Bean and Kenny, 2011.
5 to 6 GPM/ac
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The Perfect Storm – 2011
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Desperation !
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Desperation !
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Overloaded With Corn
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Outlook is Grim
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What About Sorghum ?
• Water-use Efficient • High Yielding • Cheaper Seed Cost
• Nutritionally Inferior • Highly Variable • Limited Experience
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Comparing BMR and Non-BMR Forage Sorghums
• Brown Midrib – Lower Lignin – Higher Digestibility – Lower Yielding – Increased Lodging – Higher Moisture at Harvest
• Conventional – Higher Lignin – Lower Digestibility – Higher Yields – Faster Dry Down
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Crop Water Use Forage Sorghum
• What’s Your Goal? − Silage
• Can We Get 30 Tons (10 Tons of DM) of Silage?
• How Much Water Do You Have? – 15 to 25 inches per season
• Water Use – Literature: 2.4 inches / ton DM – Research (NMSU/TAMU): 2.5 to 3.5 inches / ton DM
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Water Use Efficiency Bushland, TX – 2007 – Adequate Capacity
Species ETc
(mm) ETc (in)
Dry Matter (kg/m2)
Water Productivity
Forage Sorghum 489 19.3 1.7 3.47
Corn 671 26.4 2.4 3.64
• Similar Production per Unit of Water
• F. Sorghum Used Less Water (27% lower ET) • Corn Had Greater Yield Potential
(Howell et al., 2008)
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1= Corn ‘DKC69-71 (RR2/YGCB)’ ‘Pioneer 31G71’
2 = Forage Sorghum, Conventional ‘FS-5’ 3 = Forage Sorghum, Brown Midrib ‘DairyMaster BMR’ ‘Leafy 108 Brachytic Dwarf’
Limited Irrigation Studies at Clovis 2005-2010
• Declining Well Capacity – 425 GPM on 120 ac
– 1.3 inches per week
– 18 inches over 100 days
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Dry Matter Yield Clovis, NM – Long-term Trend
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2005-2006 2007-2008 2009-2010
DM
Yie
ld, T
on a
c -1
Corn C-FS BMR-FS
c
a ab
aa bba
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Conventional vs. BMR – Yield Clovis, NM Variety Trials – 4 years
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Yield, ton/ac
C-FS (46) 8.2 25.4BMR-FS (23) 6.8 22.0
Dry Yield Wet Yield
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NDF vs. NDF-Digestibility Clovis, NM Variety Trials – 3 years
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Percent, %
Corn (91) 46.3 58.4
C-FS (41) 56.0 66.7
BMR-FS (20) 56.1 69.4
NDF NDFD-48
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Milk per Ton Clovis, NM Variety Trials – 3 years
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Milk, Lbs/ton
Corn (91) 2721
C-FS (41) 2722
BMR-FS (20) 2795
Milk Prod.
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Feeding Trials Conventional
FS BMR-6
FS BMR-18
FS Corn
DMI, Lbs/d 51 55 51 53
Milk, Lbs/d 68 75 71 74
Fat % 3.57 3.89 3.77 3.88
4% FCM, Lbs/d 64 74 69 73
BW, Lbs 1,399 1,406 1,410 1,408
(Oliver et al., 2004)
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Harvesting Sorghum Forages
• Silage – Stage of maturity
• Mid-dough • 25% grain
– Much variability
– Whole plant moisture
• 60-70% moisture
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Harvest Challenges
• Reducing Lignin • Top-heavy Plant in a
Windblown World
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Herbicide Options • Forage Sorghums
– Pre-emergence • Atrazine • Dual (Concep)* • Bicep/Cinch (Concep)*
– Post-emergence • Atrazine • 2,4-D • Aim • Clarity (Dicamba)** • Buctril (Bromoxynil) • Huskie (Supp. Label)
* Some forage type sorghums may not take seed treatment very well. ** Check label for specifics about sorghums used for forage.
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Weighing Your Options
• Advantages – Later planted
• Avoid early season water use • More time to fill profile • Improved odds of rain
– Higher yields with limited
water
– Drought tolerant
– Lower seed cost
– More harvest options
• Disadvantages – Lower yields with good
water
– Lower nutritive value ?
– Lodging
– Inconsistent harvest H2O
– Few herbicide options
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Questions ?
Mark Marsalis
W : (575) 985-2292 C : (575) 799-6448
http://forages.nmsu.edu