silver-halide “agx” agisilver iodide agbrsilver bromide agclsilver chloride
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Silver-halide “AgX”Silver-halide “AgX”
AgI silver iodide
AgBr silver bromide
AgCl silver chloride
AgX ‘emulsion’AgX ‘emulsion’
gelatin binder
AgX crystals
Monochrome Negative MaterialsMonochrome Negative Materials
Support base
silver halide layer
Latent Image FormationLatent Image Formation
h
Latent Image FormationLatent Image Formation
h
Ag atom clusters0
ExposureExposure
Support base
silver halide layer
Original
Photographic DevelopmentPhotographic Development
selective development; selective development; reduce exposed AgX reduce exposed AgX Ag° Ag°
Support base
Photographic DevelopmentPhotographic Development
Support base
ExposureExposure AgAg++ + h + hνν Ag Ag00
Selective Selective DevelopmentDevelopment
AgAg++ + DA + DA-- Ag Ag00 expexp
Photographic DevelopmentPhotographic Development
Support base
Support base
DevelopmentDevelopment
AgAg++ + DA + DA-- Ag Ag00
FixerFixerdissolves dissolves AgAg++
Photographic Development - Photographic Development - negativenegative
ExposureExposure
DevelopmentDevelopment
FixerFixer
Photographic Development – Photographic Development – ‘print’‘print’
ExposureExposure
DevelopmentDevelopment
FixerFixer
Support base
Color Coupler Development Color Coupler Development ((e.g.,e.g., Yellow)Yellow)
Support base
ExposureExposure
CColor olor CCoupler oupler DevelopmentDevelopment
AgAg++ + DA + DA-- Ag Ag00 + + DADA00
DADA0 0 + CC + CC Color Dye Color Dye
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
cc cc cccc cc
cc
Support base
Support baseBleachBleach
Support baseFixerFixer
Color Coupler DevelopmentColor Coupler DevelopmentCColor olor CCoupler oupler DevelopmentDevelopment
AgAg++ + DA + DA-- Ag Ag00 + + DADA00
DADA0 0 + CC + CC Color DyeColor Dye
““Panchromatic” Negative MaterialsPanchromatic” Negative Materials
wavelength, nm
400 500 600 700
rela
tive
sen
siti
vity
Spectral sensitivity of AgX film with spectral sensitizers Spectral sensitivity of AgX film with spectral sensitizers
Color Negative MaterialsColor Negative Materials
wavelength, nm
400 500 600 700
rela
tive
sen
siti
vity
Blue(B)
“Green”(G + B)
“Red”(R + B)
Three Three monochromemonochrome layers with different spectral sensitivities layers with different spectral sensitivities
Color Negative MaterialsColor Negative Materials
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Color NegativeColor Negative: : BLUEBLUE ExposureExposure
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Color NegativeColor Negative: : BLUEBLUE DevelopmentDevelopment
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Color NegativeColor Negative: : BLUEBLUE BleachBleach
Color NegativeColor Negative: : BLUEBLUE FixFix
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Color Negative MaterialsColor Negative Materials
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Color NegativeColor Negative: : GREEN ExposureGREEN Exposure
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Color NegativeColor Negative: : GREEN ExposureGREEN Exposure
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Color NegativeColor Negative: : GREEN DevelopmentGREEN Development
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Color NegativeColor Negative: : GREEN BleachGREEN Bleach
Color Negative: GREEN FixColor Negative: GREEN Fix
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Color Negative:Color Negative: Red ExposureRed Exposure
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Color NegativeColor Negative: : Red ExposureRed Exposure
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Color NegativeColor Negative: : Red DevelopmentRed Development
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Color NegativeColor Negative: : Red BleachRed Bleach
Color NegativeColor Negative: : Red FixRed Fix
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Color NegativeColor Negative: : RRGGBB Exposure Exposure
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Color NegativeColor Negative: : RRGGBB Exposure Exposure
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Color NegativeColor Negative: : RRGGBB Development Development
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Color NegativeColor Negative: : RRGGBB Bleach Bleach
Color NegativeColor Negative: : RRGGBB Fix Fix
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Color PrintColor Print: : YYMMCC Exposure Exposure
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Color PrintColor Print: : YYMMCC Exposure Exposure
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Color PrintColor Print: : YYMMCC Development Development
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer
Color PrintColor Print: : YYMMCC Bleach Bleach
Color PrintColor Print: : YYMMCC Fix Fix
Support base
red (& blue) sensitive layer
green (& blue) sensitive layer
blue sensitive layer
yellow filter layer