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Silver Nanowires & Nanoparticles SLV-NW-60/90/300/900, SLV-NP-100 Technical Data Sheet Product Description A nanowire is a nanostructure, with the diameter of the order of a nanometer (10−9 meters). Alternatively, nanowires can be defined as structures that have a thickness or diameter constrained to tens of nanometers or less and an unconstrained length. Wires have more surface area per weight than particles. Blue Nano’s wires are single crystalline and of the highest quality. Wires have more surface area per weight than particles. All wires/particles are not created equal; you will notice differences in price, purity, content and other parameters. Some very inexpensive particles will very greatly in size, smoothness and may even be a polymer coated with silver. Silver is a metallic chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag (Latin: argentum) and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal. The metal occurs naturally in its pure, free form (native silver), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. Silver nanowires/particles have many uses and many of these applications are listed below: Optical Applications • Solar (crystalline silicon, thin film on glass & PET) • Medical imaging • Surface enhanced spectroscopy

• Optical limiters • Surface plasmonic devices

Conductive Applications • High-intensity LEDs • Touch screens • LCDs

• Conductive adhesives • Computer boards • Sensors

Anti-microbial Applications • Air & water purification • Bandages • Films

• Sterile equipment • Food preservation • Clothing

Chemical & Thermal Applications • Catalysts • Chemical vapor sensors • Pastes

• Sensors • Conductive adhesives • Polymers

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Specifications Property Unit Value Method of measurement

SLV-NW-60 Ag Diameter nm 40-80 SEM or TEM Average Diameter nm 60 Ag Length μm 20-80 SEM or TEM Ag Content >99.5% Elementary analysis Molecular Weight 108 Appearance Grey suspension Dispersed in solvent SLV-NW-90 Ag Diameter nm 80-100 SEM or TEM Average Diameter nm 90 Ag Length μm 20-60 SEM or TEM Ag Content >99.5% Elementary analysis Molecular Weight 108 Appearance Grey suspension Dispersed in solvent SLV-NW-300 Ag Diameter Range nm 200-400 Average Diameter nm 300 Ag Length μm 10-25 SEM Ag Content >99.4% Elementary analysis Molecular Weight 108 Appearance Grey suspension Dispersed in solvent SLV-NW-900 Ag Diameter Range nm 500-1,500 Average Diameter nm 900 Ag Length μm 5-15 SEM Ag Content >99.6% Elementary analysis Molecular Weight 108 Appearance Grey suspension Dispersed in solvent SLV-NP-100 Ag Diameter Range nm 50-120 Average Diameter nm 100 SEM Ag Content 98.15% Elementary analysis Molecular Weight 108 Appearance Yellow

suspension Dispersed in solvent

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Imagery

TEM image of SLV-NW-90

TEM image of SLV-NW-60

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SEM image of SLV-NW-300

SEM image of SLV-NW-900

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SEM image of SLV-NP-100

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Elementary Analysis

Element Content C(%) H(%) O(%)

SLV-NW-60 0.03 0.23 0.14

SLV-NW-90 0.03 0.23 0.14

SLV-NW-300 0.124 0.226 0.274

SLV-NW-900 0.128 0.231 0.030

SLV-NP-100 0.15 0.25 0.10

Conductivity Improvement

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

Silve

r Dep

osit

cond

ucta

nce(

1/oh

ms)

Volume (number of drop) of silver-contained droplet where one droplet contain 0.001g silver

series 4 series 3 series 2 series 1

Figure 1. Deposit conductance vs volume (number of drop) of silver-contained droplets on the electrode. Curve 1: sphere silver dispersion (series 1 silver dispersion); curve 2: flake silver dispersion (series 2); curve 3: sphere silver dispersion doping with 2.6 wt% nanowires (series 3); curve 4: flake silver dispersion doping with 2.6 wt% nanowires (series 4).

Reaching Instrument Max

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Table 1. The resistivity of electrical composites doping with silver nanowires.

No. Ag sphere

/ g

Ag wire

/ g

PA

/ g

Total Ag

/ ％

Sphere/PA

/ %

Wire/PA

/ %

Resistivity

/ Ωcm

1 0.200 0.000 1.0 16.7 20.0 0.0 3.28E-03

2 0.200 0.010 1.0 17.4 20.0 1.0 1.67E-03

3 0.410 0.043 1.0 31.2 41.0 4.3 2.80E-04

4 0.328 0.0825 1.0 29.1 32.8 8.3 5.30E-05

5 1.5 0.000 1.1 57.7 136.4 0.0 8.56E-05

Note: PA is polyacrylate

In high-viscid polymer system (polyacrylate), the addition of silver nanowires can still improve the conductance of the hybrid conductive composite. More silver nanowires added the better performance of the composite. Compared with the Sample 4 and 5, it is clear that the resistivity of former using silver nanowires as the additive is lower than the one of the later, though the total Ag fillers content of sample 4 is only a half of the sample 5.

Dispersion of silver nanowires solution

IMPORTANT: Before use of mixture always disperse before applying. Material settles during shipment.

1) Solvent Selection Use organic solutions. For circumstances where special organic solvent has to be used, please consult Blue Nano for technical advice.

2) Dispersion method a. Put nanomaterial solution into a tube or a container. b. Put the tube or container into ultrasonic equipment for dispersion and then stir it with glass rod.

Set ultrasonic time on 10 min. (See FAQ) * Ultrasonic Power > 100 Watts, Frequency > 40 KHZ

Solutions available for material suspension

1. Ethanol (Default solution ) 2. Isopropanol 3. Terpineol

FAQ

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General

• Can Blue Nano help with applying the silver nanowires into my application? o Blue Nano is a materials manufacturer and generally does not get involved with a company’s product

unless contracted to do so. o Blue Nano will be happy to assist you with any questions directly related to the material. o Blue Nano may be able to consult (consulting fees may apply) on your application, inquiries can be sent

to info.US@BlueNanoInc.com . o Blue Nano has a Mutual Non-Disclosure Agreement (MNDA) for confidential discussions.

• Can material be customized for specific needs? o Material can be customized to meet specific requirements* o Alloys can be created e.g. Ag & Au *

*May incur additional charges

• Why do you ship the material in ethanol? o It helps to prevent agglomeration and oxidation of the material.

• How long will the material last and do I need to keep it refrigerated? o Provided that there is no volatile solvent out the material will last approximately one (1) year from

production at room temperature (if the solvent is volatile you can re-inject the solvent again) after one (1) year or removal from solvent the silver nanowires will become oxidized or agglomerate. There is no need to refrigerate the material.

o Blue Nano suggests that the material have minimal open exposure (less than one [1] hour) out of its solvent until final application by customer.

• What is the temperature at which the material will start melting? o 960 C

• How do I remove the solution to get a dry powder material? o You can either place the material in a centrifuge (preferred) or put it onto a baking tray in an oven at

125F for 30min. IMPORTANT: Never let the solution evaporate naturally (as in a Petri dish).

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Mixing

• What do I do if I want to mix a different chemical or binder with the silver nanowires? o First disperse the material in ethanol and then add preferred solution.

• Can I use other solutions to disperse and/or transport the material? o Blue Nano’s solution of choice is ethanol, but other solutions can be used to compliment the end

applications.

• What methods can I use to disperse the material? o You can shake or stir (like a martini) or use an ultrasonic mixer. Please check after 10min. Excessive

movement may cause damage to the wires. IMPORTANT: Blue Nano analyzes all material and keeps the highest quality standards but it cannot be responsible for customer handling of the material.

• What kind of mixer should I use to disperse the material? o Planetary Power Mixer for the continuing stirring. Ultrasonic Mixer have better efficacy. o “Choppers or egg beaters” are NOT recommended.

Disclaimer Blue Nano provides the information contained herein in good faith and makes no representation as to its comprehensiveness or accuracy. This document is intended only as a guide to the appropriate precautionary handling of the material by a properly trained person using this product. Individuals receiving the information must exercise their independent judgment in determining its appropriateness for a particular purpose. Blue Nano makes no representations or warranties either express or implied, regarding the suitability of the material for any purpose or the accuracy of the information contained within this document. Accordingly, Blue Nano will not be responsible for damages resulting from use of or reliance upon this information.