simon d. levy department of computer science washington and lee university lexington, va 24450
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Simon D. Levy Department of Computer Science Washington and Lee University Lexington, VA 24450 http://www.cs.wlu.edu/~levy. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Fractal Beauty of Emergence: Re-EnVisioning Intelligence in Man and Machine
Simon D. Levy Department of Computer Science
Washington and Lee UniversityLexington, VA 24450
http://www.cs.wlu.edu/~levy
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Big QuestionsBig Questions
•What makes us human?What makes us human?
•What keeps us from becoming more?What keeps us from becoming more?
• How do our metaphors hold us (and our How do our metaphors hold us (and our artefacts) back?artefacts) back?
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What Makes Us Human?What Makes Us Human?
• Soul / SpiritSoul / Spirit• EmotionEmotion• ConsciousnessConsciousness• IntelligenceIntelligence• LanguageLanguage
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LanguageLanguage
• Reference to distal objects/eventsReference to distal objects/events• Reference to (others’) beliefsReference to (others’) beliefs• Structure Structure (syntax)(syntax)•Rule-governedRule-governed
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Language : Nature or Nurture?Language : Nature or Nurture?
- Acquisition automatic- Acquisition automatic - - “Inexplicable” patterns across languages“Inexplicable” patterns across languages -- Trans-finite / recursive representations Trans-finite / recursive representations
• Skinner (1940’s-50’s): Skinner (1940’s-50’s): Verbal BehaviorVerbal Behavior• Chomsky (50’s…): Chomsky (50’s…): Universal GrammarUniversal Grammar
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The Current DogmaThe Current Dogma•Language is fundamentally digital Language is fundamentally digital (recursive, symbolic, rule-based) (recursive, symbolic, rule-based) computation computation • Like the rest of human psychology, this Like the rest of human psychology, this computation is largely determined by computation is largely determined by biological evolutionbiological evolution
• Chomsky: Accidental, non-adaptiveChomsky: Accidental, non-adaptive• Pinker: Survival value of communicationPinker: Survival value of communication
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EmergenceEmergence: Escaping the : Escaping the Nature/Nurture DichotomyNature/Nurture Dichotomy ““Inexplicable” patterns across languagesInexplicable” patterns across languages
• Language itself evolves adaptivelyLanguage itself evolves adaptively• (Universal) patterns emerge under (Universal) patterns emerge under constraints of communicationconstraints of communication
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Language as EmergenceLanguage as Emergence• Sounds (phonemes) emerge as attractors Sounds (phonemes) emerge as attractors in perception/action space [Browman / in perception/action space [Browman / Goldstein / Studdert-Kennedy]Goldstein / Studdert-Kennedy]• Universal syntactic patterns emerge from Universal syntactic patterns emerge from constraints on processing [Hurford / Kirby/ constraints on processing [Hurford / Kirby/ Batali]Batali]
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FractalsFractals: Structure Without : Structure Without RulesRules
Fractal self-similarity mirrors self-similarity Fractal self-similarity mirrors self-similarity (embedding) in language… (embedding) in language…
Trans-finite / recursive representationsTrans-finite / recursive representations
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... But I know, too,
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That
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the blackbird is involved
in
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what what
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... But I know, too,
That the blackbird is involved
In what
– Wallace Stevens
I know.
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Language as a FractalLanguage as a Fractal
• Fractals can be directly implemented in Fractals can be directly implemented in neural-like networks [Tabor]neural-like networks [Tabor]• Neural architectures can be “super-Neural architectures can be “super-Turing” in power [Siegelmann]Turing” in power [Siegelmann]• Human language may be located on the Human language may be located on the fractal “edge of chaos” [Crutchfield / fractal “edge of chaos” [Crutchfield / Young] : kind of rule-governed, kind of Young] : kind of rule-governed, kind of wildwild
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Implications for AI / Cog. Sci.Implications for AI / Cog. Sci.•Maybe our metaphors (not computing Maybe our metaphors (not computing power) are what’s holding back human-power) are what’s holding back human-like machine intelligencelike machine intelligence• Possibility of a “Grand Unification” Possibility of a “Grand Unification” between the way we think about images / between the way we think about images / art and the way we think about art and the way we think about computation / thought / languagecomputation / thought / language
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Implications for TranshumanismImplications for Transhumanism•Dogma of biologically determined, hard-Dogma of biologically determined, hard-wired digital brains / computers loses wired digital brains / computers loses appeal.appeal.• Humans are “natural-born cyborgs” Humans are “natural-born cyborgs” [Clark] whose tools co-evolve adaptively [Clark] whose tools co-evolve adaptively with human wetware and environment.with human wetware and environment.
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