THE DIFFERENCES THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN A COMPOUND BETWEEN A COMPOUND

AND A MIXTUREAND A MIXTURE

COMPOUNDCOMPOUND DIFFERENT DIFFERENT ASPECTSASPECTS

MIXTUREMIXTURE

By a chemical By a chemical reactionreaction

Method of Method of formationformation

By physical By physical meansmeans

YesYes Formation of Formation of new new substancesubstance

NoNo

The new The new substance has substance has different different propertiesproperties

Properties of Properties of original original substancesubstance

Each element Each element retains its retains its original original propertiesproperties

COMPOUNDCOMPOUND DIFFERENT DIFFERENT ASPECTSASPECTS

MIXTUREMIXTURE

Can only be Can only be separated by separated by chemical chemical reactionreaction

Separation of Separation of substancesubstance

Can be Can be separated by separated by physical physical meansmeans

Elements Elements combined by combined by a specific ratioa specific ratio

CombinationCombination Elements do Elements do not combine not combine by a specific by a specific ratioratio

Heat is Heat is absorbed or absorbed or releasedreleased

Energy Energy changeschanges

No heat is No heat is absorbed or absorbed or releasedreleased

THE NAME OF ELEMENTS AND THE NAME OF ELEMENTS AND THE SIMPLE CHEMICAL THE SIMPLE CHEMICAL

FORMULAFORMULA

BASIC COMPETENCEBASIC COMPETENCE

To explain the name of To explain the name of element and the simple element and the simple chemical formula chemical formula

INDICATORSINDICATORS

Write the names of some Write the names of some elements given their symbolselements given their symbols

Write the names of some simple Write the names of some simple chemicals formulachemicals formula

After this lessons, students are able to :

AtomAtom

Introduction of AtomIntroduction of Atom

Atom, tiny basic building block of Atom, tiny basic building block of matter. All the material on Earth is matter. All the material on Earth is composed of various combinations of composed of various combinations of atoms. atoms.

Atoms are the smallest particles of a Atoms are the smallest particles of a chemical element that still exhibit all chemical element that still exhibit all the chemical properties unique to the chemical properties unique to that element.that element.

The structure of atomThe structure of atom Atoms are made of smaller particles, Atoms are made of smaller particles,

called called electrons, protons, and neutronselectrons, protons, and neutrons. . An atom consists of a cloud of electrons An atom consists of a cloud of electrons

surrounding a small, dense nucleus of surrounding a small, dense nucleus of protons and neutrons. protons and neutrons.

Electrons and protons have a property Electrons and protons have a property called electric charge, which affects the called electric charge, which affects the way they interact with each other and with way they interact with each other and with other electrically charged particles. other electrically charged particles.

Electrons carry a negative electric charge, Electrons carry a negative electric charge, while protons have a positive electric while protons have a positive electric charge.charge.

The model of atomThe model of atom

The model of atomThe model of atom

The model of atomThe model of atom

The model of atomThe model of atomelektron

proton

neutron

orbit

Inti atomnukleus

Electron

Electron, negatively charged particle Electron, negatively charged particle found in an atom. found in an atom.

The electrons form the outer layer or The electrons form the outer layer or layers of an atom, while the layers of an atom, while the neutrons and neutrons and protons make up the nucleusprotons make up the nucleus, of the atom. , of the atom.

Electrons, neutrons, and protons are Electrons, neutrons, and protons are elementary particles—that is, they are elementary particles—that is, they are among the smallest parts of matter that among the smallest parts of matter that scientists can isolate. scientists can isolate.

Proton

elementary particle that carries a elementary particle that carries a positive electric charge and. positive electric charge and.

Protons and neutrons are the Protons and neutrons are the building blocks of the atomic building blocks of the atomic nucleus, the center of the atom.nucleus, the center of the atom.

Neutron

electrically neutral elementary electrically neutral elementary particle that is part of the nucleus of particle that is part of the nucleus of the atom. the atom.

ELEMENTSELEMENTS

Element is substance that contains Element is substance that contains only only one kind of atom.one kind of atom.

92 of the 108 element are nature.92 of the 108 element are nature. Element is substances that cannot be Element is substances that cannot be

decomposed or broken into more decomposed or broken into more elementary substances by ordinary elementary substances by ordinary chemical means. chemical means.

Elements were at one time believed to be Elements were at one time believed to be the fundamental substances but are now the fundamental substances but are now known to consist of a number of different known to consist of a number of different elementary particleselementary particles

Symbol and name of elementSymbol and name of element

Chemist use symbol to give name of Chemist use symbol to give name of elementelement

The symbol use The symbol use one or two lettersone or two letters, , taken from their old Latin or Greek taken from their old Latin or Greek namesnames

ExampleExample– Iron used to be called ferum, symbolizes Iron used to be called ferum, symbolizes

by by FeFe

Names and symbols of Names and symbols of elementselements

OXYGENOXYGENHYDROGENHYDROGENNITROGENNITROGEN IRONIRONCOPPERCOPPERSULPHURSULPHURSODIUMSODIUMGOLDGOLD

OOHHNNFeFeCuCuSSNaNaAuAu

The model of elementThe model of element

H

H

H O

O

OH

CHEMICAL FORMULACHEMICAL FORMULA

A substance can be represented by A substance can be represented by its chemical formula. The chemical its chemical formula. The chemical formula tell us the number and types formula tell us the number and types of atoms in one molecule of the of atoms in one molecule of the substance.substance.

To understand the chemical formula To understand the chemical formula of substance, you must first be of substance, you must first be familiar with chemical symbols.familiar with chemical symbols.

the chemical formulae used to the chemical formulae used to represent themrepresent them

Nitrogen Gas

Two Nitrogen Atoms

N2

Each molecule of nitrogen gas is made up of two nitrogen atoms

Carbon monoxide gasCarbon monoxide gas

Each molecule of Carbon monoxide gas is made up of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom

One Carbon Atom One oxygen Atom

CO

WaterWater

Each molecule of water is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

One oxygen atomTwo Hydrogen Atoms

H 2 O

Ammonia gasAmmonia gas

Each molecule of Ammonia gas is made up of one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms

One Nitrogen Atom Three Hydrogen Atoms

NH3