simple compressor sizing
TRANSCRIPT
OverviewThis workbook consist of two calculations:
1) Power calculationSimple compressor power sizing calculation based on rate and suction & discharge pressure.
2) Power forcastProduction forecast validation (ie. compression forecast generated from a simulation).Checks the power required for the forecast rate, suction & discharge pressure and calculates the suction pressureachievable for the specified power & number of compression stages.
LiabilityNo warrantees are made with respect to the accuracy or applicability of the calculations in this spreadsheet.The onous is on the user to verfiy that any results obtained are correct and appropriate for the work being carrying out.
CopyrightThis spreadsheet is the intellectual property of the author, Andrew Hooks.You are free to use it and distribute it however, you may not make it available for download from any websitewithout prior written consent and you must not remove or obscure any notices regarding authorship. (Basicallydon't steal or take credit for my work).
Contactemail:for other tools visit:
SIMPLE COMPRESSOR POWER CALCULATION - READ ME
Includes number of stages required, turbine sizing (de-rating), fuel gas and CO2 emissions estimate.
Simple compressor power sizing calculation based on rate and suction & discharge pressure.
Production forecast validation (ie. compression forecast generated from a simulation).Checks the power required for the forecast rate, suction & discharge pressure and calculates the suction pressure
No warrantees are made with respect to the accuracy or applicability of the calculations in this spreadsheet.The onous is on the user to verfiy that any results obtained are correct and appropriate for the work being carrying out.
You are free to use it and distribute it however, you may not make it available for download from any websitewithout prior written consent and you must not remove or obscure any notices regarding authorship. (Basically
Includes number of stages required, turbine sizing (de-rating), fuel gas and CO2 emissions estimate.
Notes
Fluid properties
Process Conditions
Psuct 10.00 bara 1000 kPa(A)Pdisch 150.0 bara 15000 kPa(A)Tsuct 35 'C 308 K
Volume rate 500 MMscf/d 164.19
Actual vol. rate (suct.) 65391 am3/h 18.16Molar rate 24998 kgmol/h 24998 kgmol/hMass rate 244.94 lbl/s 111.10 kg/s
Maximum compression ratio
Nr of stages & power requirement
Nr stages 2.51Nr complete stages 3
Stage 0 1 2 3 4Pdisch kPa(A) 1000 2945 8673 15000
bara 10.0 29.5 86.7 150.0Pd/Ps --- --- 2.9 2.9 1.7Tdisch K 308 423 423 362
'C 35 150 150 89Zsuct --- 0.98 0.98 0.95 0.88Zdisch --- 0.98 0.99 0.97 0.92
Head kJ/kg --- 200 195 85Power required kW --- 27779 27106 11856
MW --- 28 27 12
Mechanical losses kW 63.8(1%)
Total power reqd kW 66804MW 67
COMPRESSOR POWER CALCULATION - ESTIMATE POWER REQUIREMENT
sm3/s
am3/s
Stage 1 Stage N
Driver sizing
Shaft power 66803.9 kW 66804 kW
De-rating factors Turbine Engine
Driver type 2Altitude 300 m 3% 3%Ambient temperature 35 'C 14% 4%Inlet losses 10 Pa 1.5% 0%Exhaust losses 5 Pa 0.3% 0%Accessories …… 0% 4%Fouling & wear …… 4% 4%De-rating factor 23% 15%
Design margin 5%
ISO power 82729 kW 82729 kW
Fuel consumption & CO2 emissions
Fuel source 1 Fuel dataLHV 1003 BTU/scf 37.4 MJ/m3 Fuel
Thermal efficiency 30%Methane
Fuel rate 21.358 MMscf/d 7.013 sm3/s Propane4.759 kg/s 4.759 kg/s n-Butane
Fuel/Process gas 4.3 mass% 60/40 LPG
Diesel
44 kg/kgmol New1
411861 t/y 13.051 kg/s New221.36 MMscf/d 7.013 sm3/s New3
Seleted
Mol. Weight CO2
Point source CO2
Turbo
Note that energy is also expended, and CO2 emitted, during the production & transport of a fuel. If you are using this calculation as an indicator of environmental impact, or to examine ways of reducing carbon footprint, you may also want to consider the source of proposed fuels in the CO2 balance.
P [bara] P [bara] T ['C]5 10.0 10.0 35
29.5 29.5 15029.5 29.5 3586.7 86.7 15086.7 86.7 35
150.0 150.0 89150.0 150.0 35
#N/A #N/A#N/A #N/A#N/A #N/A#N/A #N/A
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
0
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160
P-T compression path
T ['C]
P [
ba
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Rated conditions De-rating inputs (SI)
Turbine 0Altitude 0 m 300 m 0 mTemp 15 'C 308 K 288 K
Engine 0.01 kPaAltitude 0 m 0.01 kPa 0 mTemp 15 'C 288 K
TurbineEngine
HHV Ht Vap. Mol. Wt Density HHV LHV Avg C No.
MJ/kg MJ/kg kg/kmol ---55.6 0.5 16.0 0.7 37.7 37.4 150.4 0.4 44.1 1.9 94.0 93.2 3 Cambell, Gas Conditioning & Processing, v149.5 0.4 58.1 2.5 121.8 120.8 450.0 0.4 49.7 2.1 105.2 104.4 3.445.8 3.0 226.0 837 38290 35801 16
55.6 0.5 16 1 38 37 1
kg/m3 MJ/m3 MJ/m3
http://hydrogen.pnl.gov/filedownloads/hydrogen/datasheets/lower_and_higher_heating_values.xls
Cambell, Gas Conditioning & Processing, v1
http://hydrogen.pnl.gov/filedownloads/hydrogen/datasheets/lower_and_higher_heating_values.xls
Notes
Fluid properties
Maximum compression ratio
Charts
COMPRESSOR POWER CALCULATION - VALIDATE FORECAST
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Power reqd for forecast compression ratio
ForecastValida-tion
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Suction pressure achievable for specified power
ForecastValida-tionS
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Forecast data & calculation
Forecast Power required for given PsuctPaste your forecast data here
Date Psuct Pdisch Tsuct GasRate Power Psuctbara bara 'C MMscf/d MW kPa
1/1/2008 125 125 53 358 0 125394/1/2008 122 122 53 345 0 122417/1/2008 120 120 53 332 0 11964
10/1/2008 117 117 52 321 0 117041/1/2009 115 115 52 310 0 114654/1/2009 113 113 52 300 0 112527/1/2009 110 110 51 291 0 11046
10/1/2009 109 109 51 282 0 108561/1/2010 107 107 51 273 0 106794/1/2010 105 105 51 265 0 105187/1/2010 104 104 50 258 0 10366
10/1/2010 102 102 50 251 0 102251/1/2011 49 107 51 268 10 48964/1/2011 47 105 51 261 10 47467/1/2011 46 104 50 255 10 4589
10/1/2011 44 103 50 248 10 44481/1/2012 43 101 50 242 10 43114/1/2012 42 100 50 236 10 41897/1/2012 41 99 49 231 10 4061
10/1/2012 39 98 49 225 10 39431/1/2013 38 97 49 220 10 38324/1/2013 37 96 49 215 10 37247/1/2013 36 95 48 211 10 3623
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Compression ratio & number of stages to achieve it
Compression ratio
Nr Stages
Co
mp
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sio
n r
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o &
Nr
sta
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s
10/1/2013 35 94 48 206 10 35241/1/2014 34 93 48 202 10 34314/1/2014 33 93 48 197 10 33397/1/2014 32 92 47 193 10 3247
10/1/2014 32 91 47 190 10 31641/1/2015 32 91 47 190 10 3164
00000000000000000000000000000000
Power [MW]Suction pressure [bara]
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ForecastValida-tion
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Power required for given Psuct
Pdisch CR total Tsuct GasRate MassRate Nr stages Head Power PowerkPa --- K sm3/s kg/s --- kJ/kg kW MW12539 1.0 326 117.5 79.5 0 0 0 012241 1.0 326 113.2 76.6 0 0 0 0.011964 1.0 326 109.2 73.9 0 0 0 0.011704 1.0 325 105.4 71.3 0 0 0 0.011465 1.0 325 101.8 68.9 0 0 0 0.011252 1.0 325 98.6 66.7 0 0 0 0.011046 1.0 325 95.4 64.6 0 0 0 0.010856 1.0 324 92.4 62.6 0 0 0 0.010679 1.0 324 89.7 60.7 0 0 0 0.010518 1.0 324 87.1 59.0 0 0 0 0.010367 1.0 324 84.7 57.3 0 0 1 0.010225 1.0 323 82.4 55.8 0 0 0 0.010677 2.2 324 88.1 59.6 1 139 10335 10.310526 2.2 324 85.8 58.0 1 142 10313 10.310386 2.3 323 83.6 56.6 1 146 10348 10.310253 2.3 323 81.5 55.1 1 150 10351 10.410127 2.3 323 79.4 53.7 1 154 10359 10.410013 2.4 323 77.6 52.5 1 158 10357 10.4
9900 2.4 323 75.7 51.2 1 162 10377 10.49795 2.5 322 74.0 50.0 1 166 10386 10.49694 2.5 322 72.3 48.9 1 170 10384 10.49601 2.6 322 70.7 47.8 1 174 10399 10.49512 2.6 322 69.1 46.8 1 178 10401 10.4
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Compression ratio & number of stages to achieve it
Compression ratio
Nr Stages
Co
mp
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n r
ati
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Nr
sta
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s
9425 2.7 321 67.6 45.8 1 182 10402 10.49345 2.7 321 66.2 44.8 1 186 10403 10.49269 2.8 321 64.8 43.9 1 190 10417 10.49196 2.8 321 63.5 43.0 2 193 10381 10.49126 2.9 320 62.2 42.1 2 196 10313 10.39126 2.9 320 62.2 42.1 2 196 10313 10.3
0 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.00 1.0 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0
Psuct achievable for specified power
Power zavg Head Psuct Psuct PsuctkW kJ/kg kJ/kg kPa kJ/kg kPa bara
0 0.95 0 12539 0 12539 1250 0.95 0 12241 0 12241 1220 0.95 0 11964 0 11964 1200 0.95 0 11704 0 11704 1170 0.95 0 11465 0 11465 1150 0.95 0 11252 0 11252 1130 0.95 0 11046 0 11046 1100 0.95 0 10856 0 10856 1090 0.95 0 10679 0 10679 1070 0.95 0 10518 0 10518 1050 0.95 0 10367 0 10367 1040 0.95 0 10225 0 10225 102
10000 0.97 0 5047 0 5047 5010000 0.97 0 4885 0 4885 4910000 0.97 0 4733 0 4733 4710000 0.97 0 4587 0 4587 4610000 0.98 0 4448 0 4448 4410000 0.98 0 4320 0 4320 4310000 0.98 0 4194 0 4194 4210000 0.98 0 4074 0 4074 4110000 0.98 0 3958 0 3958 4010000 0.98 0 3850 0 3850 3910000 0.98 0 3746 0 3746 37
HeadR
10000 0.98 0 3644 0 3644 3610000 0.98 0 3547 0 3547 3510000 0.98 0 3456 0 3456 3510000 0.98 0 3367 0 3367 3410000 0.98 0 3281 0 3281 3310000 0.98 0 3281 0 3281 33
0 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 00 1.00 0 0 0 0 0
CONSTANTS & UNIT LOOKUP TABLES
DETAILSAndrew Hooks11/15/2007Version 1
PREFIXESMetricPrefix long form valuem milli 0.001c centi 0.01k thousand 1000M million/mega 1E+06B billion 1E+09T tera 1E+12P peta 1E+15
ImperialPrefix long form valueM thousand 1000MM million 1E+06
BASIC CONSTANTS
Gas constant, R 8.31451
Grav. accel. 9.80665
MW (air) 28.964 kg/kmol
Standard T, P 2Std Pressure 101.325 kPaStd Temperature 288.15 K
Molar Volume 23.645
Common definitions for Standard T, P
Temp Abs Pres Molar Vol
K kPa
273.15 101.325 22.414
288.15 101.325 23.645
288.71 101.325 23.691
273.15 100 22.711
288.15 100 23.958
288.71 101.560 23.636
www.firstprincipleseng.net
kPa.m3/(kmol.K)
m/s2
m3/kgmol
m3/kgmol
0oC, 1atm (273.15K = 0'C = 32'F; 101.325kPa = 1atm = 14.696psia)
15oC, 1atm (288.15K = 15'C = 59'F)
60oF, 1atm (288.71K = 60'F = 15.56'C)
0oC, 100kPa
15oC, 100kPa
60oF, 14.73psia (100.232kPa = 14.73psia)
UNITSExampleClick the unit cell then select required unit from the dropdown listthat appears
Length 10 in0.254 m0.000 mile
Temperature 15 'C288.15 K
15 'C
LengthBase conversionsinches/foot 12 in/ftfeet/metre 3.281 ft/mfeet/mile 5280 ft/mi
Lookup tableUnit SI unitmm = 0.001 mcm = 0.01 mm = 1 mkm = 1000 min = 0.0254 mft = 0.3048 mmile = 1609.3 m
Area_smallLookup tableUnit SI unit
= 0.000001
= 0.000645
= 1
= 0.0929
Area_largeBase conversionshectare/km2 100 hct/km2 1 hectare is 100m x 100mft2/acre 43559.66 ft2/acre
Lookup tableUnit Metric Unit
= 1
= 0.6214
hectare = 0.01
acre = 0.0040468
mm2 m2
in2 m2
m2 m2
ft2 m2
km2 km2
mi2 km2
km2
km2
VolumeBase conversions
barrels/cubic meter 6.283
231Litres/Imperial(UK) gallon 4.54609 L/gallon(UK)
Lookup tableUnit SI unit
mL = 0.000001
= 0.000001
L = 0.001
= 1
= 1.639E-05
= 0.0283 (35.31 ft3/m3)
bbl = 0.1592
gallon (US) = 0.00379 (264.2 gallon/m3)
gallon (UK) = 0.00455 (220 gallon/m3)
MassBase conversionspounds/kilogram 2.20462 lbl/kgpound/ton (short) 2000 lbl/tnpound/ton (long) 2240 lbl/ton
Lookup tableUnit SI unitmg = 0.000001 kgg = 0.001 kgkg = 1 kgtonne (metric) = 1000 kglbl = 0.454 kgton (short) = 907.2 kgton (long) = 1016.0 kg
ForceBase conversionsForce = mass * accelerationDyn 1.00E-05 N
Lookup tableUnit SI unitN = 1 NmN = 0.001 Nkg(f) = 9.80665 Nlbl(f) = 4.44823 NDyn = 0.00001 N
bbl/m3
in3/US gallon in3/gallon
m3
cm3 m3
m3
m3 m3
in3 m3
ft3 m3
m3
m3
m3
PressureBase conversionsPressure is force per unit area
kPa/Atmosphere 101.325 kPa(A)/atm(A) Atmospheric pressure at sealevel in kPakPa/bar 100 kPa/barbara/Atmosphere 1.01325 bara/atm The atmospheric pressure in bar at sealevel is 1.01325 barbarg/Atmosphere 0 barg/atmpsia/Atmosphere 14.696 psia/atm(A) The atmospheric pressure in psi at sealevel is 14.696 psipsi/bar 14.504 psi/bar
Lookup table!!! Order is important - multiply first then add the constant !!!
Unit Multiplier Constant SI unitPa(A) 0.001 0 kPa(A)kPa(A) 1 0 kPa(A)kPa(G) 1 101.325 kPa(A)MPa(A) 1000 0 kPa(A)MPa(G) 1000 101.325 kPa(A)bara 100 0 kPa(A)barg 100 101.325 kPa(A)psia 6.895 0 kPa(A)psig 6.895 101.325 kPa(A)atm(A) 101.325 0 kPa(A)atm(G) 101.325 101.325 kPa(A)
98.0665 0 kPa(A)
Pressure differenceLookup tableUnit SI unitPa = 0.001 kPakPa = 1 kPambar = 0.100 kPabar = 100 kPapsi = 14.504 kPaatm = 101.325 kPa
= 98.0665 kPamH2O = 9.80665 kPa
TemperatureBase conversions
Constant
Deg Celcius / Kelvin 273.15Fahrenheit 459.67 RankineRankine/Kelvin 1.8 0 R/K
Pa = N/m2 = kg.(m/s2)/m2 = kg/(m.s2)
kg/cm2(A) [kg/cm2 * (100cm/m)2] * (grav accel) = N/m2 = kg * (grav accel) /m2
kg/cm2
oC/K
X barg = X barg + atm P = Y bara; eg. 1barg + 1.013 = 2.013bara1 bar = 100kPa --> X barg = [100*(X barg + 1.013bar/atm)] kPa(A), or = [100*X + 101.325] kPa(A)X bara = (X - 1.013)barg * 100kPa/bar + 101.3kPa/atm = X*100kPa(A)
Converting to psia first would give the same result, ie.the following are equivalent:[X psig + (14.5*1.013=14.7)] psia * (1kPa / 14.5psi) = kPa(A)orX psig * (1/14.5=6.895) kPa(G) + 101.3 kPa/atm = kPa(A)
Lookup table!!! Order is important - multiply first then add the constant !!!
Unit Multiplier Constant SI unit'C 1 273.15 KK 1 0 K'F 0.556 255 KR 0.556 0 K
Time_smallLookup tableUnit SI unitms = 0.001 ss = 1 smin = 60 shour = 3600 sday = 86400 s
Time_largeLookup tableUnit "SI Unit"hour = 0.0417 dayday = 1 daymonth = 30.4 dayyear = 365.25 day
Volume rate - Gas (standard conditions)Lookup tableSelect standard T, P from the in-cell drop down list
Unit Std T, P Multiplier "SI Unit"
15oC, 1atm 1
0oC, 100kPa 0.000267
15oC, 1atm 11.574
Mscf/d 60oF, 1atm 0.000328
MMscf/d 60oF, 1atm 0.328
Bscf/y 60oF, 1atm 0.900
kgmol/h 0.00657
lbmol/h 0.00298
Volume rate - Gas (actual conditions)Lookup tableUnit "SI Unit"
= 1
= 0.000278
= 11.574
Mcf/d = 0.000328
sm3/s sm3/s
Nm3/h sm3/s
Mm3/d sm3/s
sm3/s
sm3/s
sm3/s
sm3/s
sm3/s
am3/s am3/s
am3/h am3/s
Mm3/d am3/s
am3/s
MMcf/d = 0.328
Volume rate - LiquidLookup tableUnit "SI Unit"
L/s = 1000
L/min = 16.67
L/h = 0.278
L/d = 0.01157
= 1
= 0.002738
= 1.15741E-05
bbl/d = 1.842E-06
k.bbl/d = 0.001842125
gph (US) = 1.0515E-06 gallons/hour
gpd (US) = 4.38126E-08
gph (UK) = 1.2628E-06
gpd (UK) = 5.26168E-08
Liquid - Gas RatioLookup tableUnit "SI unit"
= 1
bbl/MMscf = 5.6207
Gas - Liquid RatioLookup tableUnit "SI unit"
= 1
scf/bbl = 0.178
Mass rateLookup tableUnit SI unitkg/s = 1 kg/skg/h = 0.000278 kg/st/d = 0.011574 kg/st/y = 3.17E-05 kg/slbl/s = 0.454 kg/slbl/h = 5.25E-06 kg/s
VelocityLookup tableUnit SI unit
am3/s
m3/s
m3/s
m3/s
m3/s
m3/s m3/s
m3/h m3/s
m3/d m3/s
m3/s
m3/s
m3/s
m3/s
m3/s
m3/s
m3/Mm3 m3/Mm3
m3/m3
m3/m3 m3/m3
m3/m3
m/s = 1 m/skm/h = 0.278 m/sft/s = 0.3048 m/smi/h = 0.4470 m/s
AccelerationLookup tableUnit SI unit
= 0.001
= 1
= 1000
= 0.025
= 0.305
mi/(h.s) = 0.447
= 1609
DensityLookup tableUnit SI unit
= 1.00E-09
= 1
= 16.018
EnergyBase conversions
1Joules/Calorie 4.1868 J/CalJoules/BTU 1055.056 J/BTU
Lookup tableUnit SI unitJ = 0.001 kJkJ = 1 kJCal = 0.0041868 kJkCal = 4.1868 kJBTU = 1.055056 kJ
Energy rateLookup tableUnit "SI unit"TJ/d = 1 TJ/dPJ/y = 1000 TJ/d
PowerBase conversions
mm/s2 m/s2
m/s2 m/s2
km/s2 m/s2
in/s2 m/s2
ft/s2 m/s2
m/s2
mi/s2 m/s2
g/cm3 kg/m3
kg/m3 kg/m3
lbl/ft3 kg/m3
Joules/(kgm2/s2) J/(kgm2/s2)
(BTU/h) / kW 3412.1 (BTU/h)/kW
Lookup tableUnit SI unitW = 0.001 kWkW = 1 kWMW = 1000 kWHp = 0.746 kWBTU/h = 0.00029 kW
Heating value (volume basis)Lookup tableUnit "SI unit"
= 1
MJ/kgmol = 0.042292
MJ/scf = 35.3147
= 0.001055
BTU/scf = 0.037259
BTU/lbmol = 0.000098
kcal/lbmol = 0.000390
Heating value (mass basis)Lookup tableUnit "SI unit"MJ/kg = 1 MJ/kgBTU/kg = 0.00106 MJ/kgBTU/lb = 0.00233 MJ/kgkcal/lb = 0.00923 MJ/kgkcal/kg = 0.00419 MJ/kg
Heat capacityLookup tableUnit "SI unit"J/K = 1 J/KBTU/'F = 1899 J/Kcal/'C = 4.187 J/K
Specific heat capacityLookup tableUnit "SI unit"J/(kg.K) = 1 J/(kg.K)J/(g.K) = 1000 J/(kg.K)BTU/(lb'F) = 4187 J/(kg.K)cal/(g'C) = 4187 J/(kg.K)
Thermal conductivity
MJ/m3 MJ/m3
MJ/m3
MJ/m3
BTU/m3 MJ/m3
MJ/m3
MJ/m3
MJ/m3
Lookup tableUnit "SI unit"W/(m.K) = 1 W/(m.K)BTU/(h.ft'F) = 1.731 W/(m.K)
= 0.144 W/(m.K)cal/(sm'C) = 4.187 W/(m.K)
Heat transfer coefficientLookup tableUnit "SI unit"
= 1
= 5.678
= 4.19E-04
= 1.163
Dynamic (Absolute) ViscosityBase conversionsPa.s = 1 kg/m/sPoise = 1 g/cm/s (Water has viscosity of ca. 1cP at 20'C (1.002))
Lookup tableUnit "SI unit"cP = 0.001 Pa.sPoise = 0.1 Pa.sPa.s = 1 Pa.s
Kinematic Viscosity Kinematic viscosity = Dynamic viscosity / Density for a Newtonian fluidBase conversions
Stoke = 1
Lookup tableUnit "SI unit"
= 1
St = 0.0001
cSt = 1.00E-06
Surface tensionLookup tableUnit "SI unit"T = 1 N/mN/m = 1 N/mmN/m = 0.001 N/mlbl(f)/in = 175.13 N/mdyn/cm = 0.001 N/m
BTU.in/(h.ft2'F)
W/(m2K) W/(m2K)
BTU/(h.ft2'F) W/(m2K)
cal/(s.cm2K) W/(m2K)
kcal/(h.m2K) W/(m2K)
cm2/s
m2/s m2/s
m2/s
m2/s
(273.15K = 0'C = 32'F; 101.325kPa = 1atm = 14.696psia)
(288.15K = 15'C = 59'F)
(288.71K = 60'F = 15.56'C)
(100.232kPa = 14.73psia)
1 hectare is 100m x 100m
(264.2 gallon/m3)
(220 gallon/m3)
Atmospheric pressure at sealevel in kPa
The atmospheric pressure in bar at sealevel is 1.01325 bar
The atmospheric pressure in psi at sealevel is 14.696 psi
[kg/cm2 * (100cm/m)2] * (grav accel) = N/m2 = kg * (grav accel) /m2
X barg = X barg + atm P = Y bara; eg. 1barg + 1.013 = 2.013bara1 bar = 100kPa --> X barg = [100*(X barg + 1.013bar/atm)] kPa(A), or = [100*X + 101.325] kPa(A)X bara = (X - 1.013)barg * 100kPa/bar + 101.3kPa/atm = X*100kPa(A)
Converting to psia first would give the same result, ie.the following are equivalent:[X psig + (14.5*1.013=14.7)] psia * (1kPa / 14.5psi) = kPa(A)orX psig * (1/14.5=6.895) kPa(G) + 101.3 kPa/atm = kPa(A)
(Water has viscosity of ca. 1cP at 20'C (1.002))
Kinematic viscosity = Dynamic viscosity / Density for a Newtonian fluid