simple sentence - advanced grammar

8/13/2019 Simple Sentence - Advanced Grammar

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1 0 Thesimpte entence

Exercise 3 Clausestructure SGE10.1-4]Thcre arc bas ica l ly scvcn typcs o f c lausc cornb i r r ing hc c lc rncntsofS(ub jcc t ) . (c rb) .O(b jcc t ) .C(onrp lc tncntandA(dvcrb ia l ) t rvar iousways.

k lcn t i ly thc scntcncc ypcs hat thc f i r l low ing sc l l tcnccs ckrng1o s SV. SVO,SVC . SVA . SVO O . SVO C o r SVO A.

I I l c l t very t i rcc l .SVC [ / = S. fL ' l t= V; r ' r r t i rc l = C. l2 My t 'ccthurt.3 Tl.rc eccptionisthanrlcdnrc nry kcy..l I wantccl lirod.-5 | p laccdnrycoatovcr a cha i r .6 I ordc rcd nrysclf sonrcthins1ocat.7 I t sccrncd cns ib lc .tt I lay on thc bccl.9 A waitcr brought col' l i 'c and sanclwicltcs.

l0 I Ic sc t hc t ray on a tab lc .l l I w a s y a w n i n g .l2 I fbunc l hcbcd a thcrhard.l3 Thc th ick cur ta ins x tcnc lcc lo thc I ' loor .1.1 Bul thc hotcl was siluatccl n a busy strect.l-5 Thc tral ' l ' icnoisc kcpt rn c awakc.

Exercise94Verbs with two objects ISGE10.5]Rcwri tc he b l lowingSVOOscntcnccs,u l t inghe ndirect b jccl t ier he l i reclob.ject. ncl sing o or.t 'ot '.L..ranrplc'.hcbought hechilclrcncc crcarns.Atrsv'er'.hc bought cccrcarnsirr thc children.E.runrplc'.c wrotc his ruother lettcr.Artsv'cr'.e wrotea letter o his rnothcr.

I Why diclyou lend hatclreadful ran noney'/2 Hc's always cnding eople eggingetters.3 He shouldhavewrittenyou a propcr etter.4 Perhaps e could ind him a ob.

SVSVOO

SVCSVOASVOC

SVCSVA

SVOSVOASV

SVOCSVASVASVOC

Why did you lend money for that dreadful man?

He's always sending begging letters to people.

He should have written a proper letter to you.

Perhaps we could find a job for him.


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Subjectcomplements 75

-5Why shoultl bother o gethim work'?6 Hc hasnevcr epaicl orn hat oan.7 I hopc they 've rcscrvec l s a t i tb lc .13Lcl nrcbuy you a clrink9 You 'd t l r ink sor t tco t tc ou l t l b r inc us a l l l c l lL l .

l 0 T l rcy Lrsu l l l ys i lvc l tc n tab lc b1 ' l tc w in t l t lw '

I I C ' ln yoL lpass nc thc sr l t ll2 I wondcr i l thcy cou lc lp fcpr t rcus a s l . rcc i l t l t r t l c l ing l

Exercise 5 SVOO SGE10.5]S61rc crbsactua l lyprc lc rSV(X) word or t lc r .Corn l t lc tc l rc i r l lowing ts i r lg/ i r l ior lrc urtrlotrc of thc phritscs rorn tl lc tl l irt l colttt l trt

I I rskccl2 Woult l hcya l low3 But l rcy clusccl:1 slrying 'clcitusctl5 I pointcd ut hcy'dpront isccl6 But hey nsistccln charsing7 | envylJ But il cost

a lo t o l tnot tcy .thc l i r l l p l icc .a c l iscot t t t t .thc i r sc l f conf idcr tcc .a s i r rp lc c lucs t io t r .this rcasorutblc ccluesl.cx t ra l r l l c to pay.a lo t o l ' l roub lc .

thcrrrntc

l l1

l s k c t l r r t - M \ s t \ t t ' t re l I s l ( \ .

3A5 . . . . .6 . . . . .15Exercise 96 Subject complements [SGE 10.5,10.7]Sorne opular erbscan bc fbllowedby both adjectivc ndnounctlmplements.Rewrite he ollowing,usinganadjectiven place f thenouncomplement. akeall othernecessaryhanges.E.rample: f'elta real diot.Anstt,er;l 'elt eally diotic.

Why should I bother to get work for him?

He has never repaid that loan to Tom.

I hope they've reserved a table for us.

Let my buy a drink for you.

You'd think someone would bring a menu to us.

They usually save a table by the window for me.

Can you pass the salt to me?

I wonder if they could prepare a special pudding for us?

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6

2

4

1

3

5

7


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76 Thesimple entenceI I f'elta real ool.2 It sounded n excellcnt dea.3 But t hasn' t roved part icu laruccess.,l Shc ookcda sensible e son.-5 Shc' l lprobablyndupa ichwornan.6 He'sbecorne thorough ore.7 Thc wholc hingseerns ltcrnraclncsso ntc.S Thut 's. justel ' ishncss.9 The 'vc rcnrainecl'ricnds.

l0 I t 's urned u1 n icc lav gairr .Exercise 97 Complements [SGE 10.7]Conrplctchcscrr tcnccsi th iread. jcct ivcsivcrr .

bacl browrr calrn clctr clcliciousflat old opcn peculiar- rcarly truc

[t..runrplr'.land r.r,,rHt'thc loors.I Thc cavcs aclurnccl . . . . . . l t wouldsoonbc wintcr.2 | f ch I wasg row ing . . . . . l oo l i kc hcyca r .3 I was . jus tc t t i ng . . . . . . o havc nysuppe r .4 whcnsucklcnlyhccloor pra l tg . . . . . . and hclrc lgunf i fc .-5 threw nyscl f o thc rourrd tnd ay . . . . . . on thc ' loor.6 Y o r r t l v e ( )k c e . . . . . . . . . . ln an cnrcrgcncy.7 fhe t o l ' l i ' cs r r rc l lc t lu But I lcarccl hc nrc at haclgolrc .. .9 I t had tas ted . . . . . lhc prcv iousday.

I0 At th is ra tc ury c l rcarns ou ld ncvcr co lnc .Exercise 8: Deverbal ouns ISGE10.16 17]

Sotnc l in res( )g ivc rnore 'we ight ' to lhc enr lo l 'a scntcnce.wc t - tsc la lhcrgeneralvcrh with not rnuchnlcilning + u noull cl crived rorn a vcrb (cu: /rrr lcutt drgunt(nl. insteacl l ' . justusing thc verb urgur).

Rcwri tc hese tcnccs.eplacinghcunderl ineclcrbswith oneof ' thc b l lowingverbs+ an appropriate oun.do give have nrake takeMakc anyothcrncccssr,rryhanges.

E.tanrplc: sighecl ith relief.Ansu'er'.gavea sighof rclief.

I He rushesaroundmadlyphsllag&phi.lgeverywhere.2 Sorne f thernareverygood.Lookl3 But oneof these ayshe'l l injurehimself.4 I 'd l ike to arrangebr him to seea psychiatrist.

I felt foolish

The idea sounded excellentBut it ... particularly successful

She looked sensible

She will probably end up richHe's become thoroughly bore

I seems utterly mad about...

That's just selfish

They've been friend-remaining

It's turned out nice again

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6

10

7 91

5 2 84

taking photograph

take/take a lookdo himself injury

make an arrangement


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Subject-verbconcord75 He doesn'tneecl ou advising im.6 Pcrhaps holidaywoulclbegood br hirn.7 He lccturesme about nterf 'ering.u l've neverharmed nyone.9 I crieda lot but I sti l l f 'eltmiserable.usc,goorl)l() t{e is not ntcrestedn anything lsc hcse lays.

I I Hc looksat rne n sucha f'unnyway.l2 I u ' ishwe coulc la lkabout t .l3 But hc. just ets l lcnded.lzl I low cilnonc cxctlsc hatsortof bchaviour' ll5 Oh wel l , t 's i r r tcwc gotntoving.

Exercise 99 Subject-verb concord [SGE 10.19-271

Singular ub. jcc lsrarnrnat ical lyccc l ingular crbs,ner-rlplural vcrbs. But sontctirttcsrotiollal oncortllccorclingrtrtteaniltgalhcr hart trict lratl l lrtar.

andplura lsubjcctsis uscd concorcl

Choosc hc bcstwor t ls n thc l i r l low ing.I Thc global tolal ol ' lror.ncs itlr TV was/wcrc csf tnatccl o bc ovcr -5(X)nil l iort

by 19t37.2 B u t i n l g u u t h c f l h i n c s c N c w s A g c n c y s a i c lh c n u t n b c r o l ' ' I V v i c w c r s i n C ' l r i n a

a lonc was/wcrc6(X)nt i l l io l t ,wa lch ing l (X)sc ts .3 6(X)nr i l l ion is /arca lo t o l v icwcrs .:l Tl 'rcgreatesl rurnbcrol'cpisoclcsol i tny TV prograllt l l lc cvcr solcl was/wct'c

l . fr l4 cpistxlcs tt l ' ' r t t ' t t r t tr l i t t t t t t 'L '1.-5 Irr lt)7 I thc cornplctescrics t thatdatc was/wcl'csolrl o a Claltitdian olnprtl ly.6 l - f i c W i t r t l s t l W u r , a bo u t l h c S c c o n dW o r l d W l r . , w a s / wc r c t h c r l l o s l c x pc n s l v c

te lcv s i t tnproc luc t io t rvcr .7 1.6b i l l ion pcop lc or .a l r i rc l l the wor l t l ' s popu lu l ion arc / issa id t t havcwatchcdBob f ic l t lo l ' ' sor ig ina l L ivc Aid co l lccr ls .

u This pop stitr ancl irncl ai scl rrc/is rtow worlcl l i ttt.totts'9 Actua l ly B i l ly Crahar l - as wcl l as Bob Gc lc lo l ' was/wcrc bch ind thcsc

c0nccr Is .l0 Arouncl one in ten UK houscholclswas/wcrc without colour TV in l9tlt l .l l But ntore than onc ir"rwo lrouscholclsn thc UK has/havc wo or l l lorc scts.l2 Having two ttr thrce se{ssccttt/secnls nneccssitry o nlc.l3 25 hours2 l rn inutes rc / issa id o be thc averagcUK viewer 's wcck ly ' l ' i x ' .lz l A rnajority of vicwers wclrlclwideprobably watch/watchesncws programmcs

rcgu lar ly .l-5 News of clisasterseach/reache a huge audiencc.l6 What you both seeanclhear has/haveAn enonrlous inlpi lct.I7 So many people being kil led in earthcluakes nd cycloncs are/is raeic.l8 So-callcd progralnmesof cntertainntcntare/is not always cntertaining.l9 But apparent ly he aud icnce br 's i t -cc lms ' and 'soaps ' are / is arge.

giving him advice

give a lecture to

do harm to

have/take an interest in

have/take

have a talk

give/take offence

make/take excursion

make a move


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B0 Thesimple entence5 Unfbrtunatcly lostmy wallct rrot br the irst t irne.6 You i t t le eal ize omet imeshe rouble oucnncause therpcoplc.7 I haveselclorn earcl uchanextraordinaryxplanation.ll You rarelydiscover hewhole ruth n thcsc nattcrs.9 The -guiclclicln't ncccorlplain.l 0 You hardly vcr ind suchhoncsty.

Exercise 104 Nonassert ive words ISGE 10.37]

Engl ishdoesnot usLra l ly lsc wo or nrorcnc l la t ivcs n thc sarnc lausc ' : ' /trt,r 'cr.suil t l t l l t i t r .qo trrthrxlt '.\ nstcaclwc usc nonasscrlivc rlrrrs with one

f_ rtcgativc / rrrlcr .vrr1 zrtltlrri,g ,,:::,.u)_lr-l)_:

D isagrcewi th thcs la lcnrcnts s nd icatcd. 'o lnp lc tcyour rcrnarkswi th the enon-asscrtivewortls or phrascs:

any i lnyonc any longcr u t a l l c i thc l ever f i r r long rnuch yctplus any othcr wurrls that trc llcccsslry.l ' ' l . r 't p c Sorncbody nrust know sornet ng about i t.A t t .yy t 'e r ' .tk rn ' t th ink ANyl lo r )y \o \ r , 's N\ 'nnN( i l ro t r ' t .

|' l 'hcy ' l l

comc sonrc ln rc .I t l o r r ' l l h i r t k .f I ' vc bccn wai t ing agcs.

C i o o n Y o t t l u t v c r t ' 1 .3 Thc cxh ib i t ion s probablyu l rcadyovcr .( ) l r , t l o u h t l ' . . . . . . .4 W c o t r g l t t0 ' u r l t t l. t ( ' w r ) r ( ) r ' ( ' r t t i n u l . ' s .( ) l r , t l o n ' lc t ' s . . . .5 Thc wcathcr secrnsa lot bctlcr.

I t l o r t ' t l h i r r k .6 Tom knows a lot about art.

I don ' t bc l icv t - eAnd his nothcr ocs ocr.N o s h c c k r c s n ' 1 . . . . . . . .Is it a longway f 'rorn crc1tr hestationlN o , t ' s o t . . . . .Thiscrossworduzz. lcs c lu i tc i rnple.I c lon ' th ink t . . . . .l0 Surelysorncone ustknow thc answcr.B u t d o u b tf . . . . . .

Exercise 105 Scope of negat ion ISGE 10.38-41]

The 'scope'of a negation suallystartswith the negativewherewe put henegativemay affect hemeaning.


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Negation B1Inserthewords nclicatedn wodiff-crent ays n cachof the ollowingscntcncesto give hemeanings howrt. nakinganyothcrstnall hangcs ccessary.I I lruvt'tr ' tqrt l ttdrct" s rl lrcs,s.sti l l)(a ) ( l had t ,bu t ' vc os t t . )

I t l , \ \ ' F . N ' T S t l l . l . ( i O T ' \ N t ) R [ W ' S r \ l ) l ) R I ] S S(b ) ( l ' vc bccn va i t i r . rg ges i r r i t . )

l \ l l l I l l . \ \ l \ ' l r ' ( ) l \ \ l ) R I \ \ \ l ) l ) R I\ .) I ut lv i . tc t l l r inr t t t t t tnr l t lu i t t. ( t r r t l

( l ) ( l l ' c l t s t rong ly t h l t t i t was r ro t a gooc l i i l c a t o c o r r l p l a i l l . )

( h ) ( l o l l i ' r c t l t t o t t l v i c c . )

) I drt t i t kt totr v'htrt ' .stupltert i t r,q.dt l i t t i tclr ' )(a ) ( l a r l t o ta l l y gnoran t . )(b ) ( l havc a sor to l ' rou th i ( l c r l . )

4 I t l t t rr ' t t ' . \ ' o utrlL'rstutt l ht .st ' hi t ts.s. t ' t 'ctr)( a ) ( T h c r c ' s r op o i n t n l r y i n g . )(b ) (You rn igh th l vc cxpcc tcd h r t a t l cas l woLr l c l . )

5 I lc l i t l t r ' l ur-r ' i t ' t 't t r inrc. (rt t t t ' )(a ) (Jus ton o l l c occas to t r . )( h ) ( N c v e r . )

6 I lo t r ' l l i kc o t ' s l c rs . y r r t i r ' u lu r l t ' )( a ) ( B u t I d o n ' l r n i n t l h c r r r . )(b ) ( l r ca l l y l i s l i kchc rn . )

I I drt t t ' t t rt tdtrstutrd. rt t t l l t ' )(a ) ( l l i s i nco tnpre : l t cns ib l co nrc - . )l h t t l h r r l l l o . s u p p o s c . )

8 Tlrut ' .s tot d(((ptublL' . (.sirt r l t l t ' )(a ) ( l t i s unacccp tab lc . o ta l l y )(b) ( l t 's more hanacccptable t 's vcrywelct tmendcccl . )

simple sentence - advanced grammar

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