simple vascular plants pteridophytes (ferns) 1 page 37
TRANSCRIPT
SIMPLE VASCULAR PLANTS
Pteridophytes (Ferns)
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Seedless Vascular Plants
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Divisions Psilophyta – Whisk ferns Lycophyta – Club mosses Sphenophyta – horsetails Pteridophyta - ferns
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Not for examinations
Ferns4
Largest group of extant (living) vascular plants
Wide range of habitats (terrestrial, aquatic, arboreal tree ferns, epiphytic)
Can asexually reproduce by Rhizomes (underground stems)
Rhizome
Ferns5
Dominant Sporophyte stage has true roots, stems, and leaves
Roots and stems underground
Leaves called fronds found above ground and attached to a stem like petiole
Fronds
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the fiddle head coming off the rhizomes.
Parts of the Fern Sporophyte9
Characteristics of Pteridophytes
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Have true leaves and roots Leaves are called fronds New leaves are coiled in a bud
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Characteristics of Pteridophytes
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Roots are fibrous Anchor the plant And absorb water and minerals Grow out of the rhizome
(horizontal stem) that grows partially underground
Characteristics of Pteridophytes
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Have vascular tissue Xylem, tracheids and phloem
Characteristics of Pteridophytes
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Reproduce by means of spores
Spore cases called sporangia are found on the underside of sporophylls
Sporangia often occur in clusters called sori
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Characteristics of Pteridophytes
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Wind spreads spores that land on moist soil & germinate into a prothallus (tiny independent gametophyte) that produces gametes Prothallus
Ferns16
The prothallus starts the Gametophyte stage
Gametophyte is heart shaped and short lived
Male antheridia & female archegonia grow on gametophyte
Sperm swims to egg to fertilize
Prothallus
Archegonia (eggs)
Antheridia Sperm
Characteristics of pteridophytes17
Produce motile male gametes Rely on water for fertilisatiom
Fern Prothallus with archegonia Fern sperm cell
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Egg cells are produced in archegonia
Fern Archegonia.
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Uses for Ferns21
Help prevent erosion Fiddleheads are eaten as food Ornamental plants for yards and homes Helped form coal deposits millions of
years ago
EXTRA
TO DO22
Page 38: Learning Activity 2
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THE END