Location Katukele Urban Area

Goodshade Bus Stand

Police Station

Kandy Municipal Area

Part of Katukele GND

The Study Area

Part of Ancient Bogambara LakeSource: MAPPING MEANING IN THE CITY IMAGE: A CASE STUDY OF KANDY by Kapila D. Silva

During the 1932

– Space “of “ Governance

Hub for Colonization

1. Controlling elements

2. Transport terminal

Spatial Evolution

Source:

Tales of the Land: British Geography and Kandyan Resistance

in Sri Lanka,c. 1803–18501, SUJIT SIVASUNDARAM, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge

And UDA

During the Kandyan Kingdom

During the British Era

2003

2017

Urban agglomeration

Informal development

Margination of natural

resources – Mede ela

Exogenous Context

City Population 1,30,000

Transient Population (per day) 500,000

Employment (per day) 90,000

Education (per day) 60,000

Local & Foreign Tourists & Pilgrims (per day) 6,000

Vehicle Arrival Per day 56,085

Land Extent (Hec. 2645) 26.45 Sq.Km(Source: UDA, Kandy)

City Profile

Multi functioning town.

Economic and Administrative capital of the

province.

Religious, Cultural and Archeological Value.

Transitional Center

CBD in the region (Commercial Hub)

Service Center(Health/Education)

World Heritage city List since 1988 under

the categories IV and VI

Tourist attraction city

Educational center

Prime residential area

KANDY REGIONAL SETTING

Heritage

Heritage

CBD

Transport Hub

Public Transit Zone

Natural Setting

Multi-Model Transport Hub proposed by Uni consultancy Service. The proposal is to

construct an elevated concrete over railway. It will create accessibility and walkability

between William Gopallawa Mawatha and Srimavo Bandaranayake Mawatte.

Additional rail line project is under action between the Peradeniya and Kandy Stations.

The rail reservations have already been cleared and the laying of the line is in progress

National Water Supply and Drainage Board is in the process of implementing an

improvement and augmentation scheme for water supply network in Kandy city limits

Implement a Waste Water Management system with a public sewer network for the

Central area and the South Western valley of the Kandy City by National Water Supply

and Drainage Board (NWS&DB), Kandy Municipal Council and financial and technical

assistance of Japan International Corporation Agency (JICA)

Kandy Municipal Council proposes to construct a six storey building over the entire

premises of the Kandy Municipal Market.

Open up and redevelopment of Meda Ela between Lamagaraya Road and the Goods

shed bus stand

Road widening and Walkability Improvement

Relocation of Low income family by UDA 336 families of Katukele GN division

Proposed and

ongoing Projects

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES

BIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES

CULTURAL ATTRIBUTES

Endogenous of Context

40%

6%

32%

4%

2%

0.4%

5%

7.8%

2.8%Residential

Low income Housing

Commercial

Mixed Use

Education

Religious

Internal Road

Open & public space

Water Body

LAND USE PATTERN OF NORTHERN BLOCK

LAND USE PATTERN OF SOUTHERN BLOCK

41%

9%10%

40%

Public service

Commercial

Internal Roads

Open space

Population Density of study area – 44per Hectare (2012)

Population Density of Kandy City– 36per Hectare (2012)

Population 1997 2000 2012 2015

Katukele GN

Division

3378 3480 2124 7230

Kandy City 124453 129802 102459 102359

Kandy as a Multi-ethnic city

Gender Population - 2015

Female Male

3813 2415

Ethnicity - 2015

Sinhala Tamil Muslim

1272 1348 3610

Source: Department of Census and Statistics & Grammer Niladary

In the study area , it is 319 houses

Area 1997 2000

Katukele GN

Division

546 581

Kandy City 20287 21695

Housing

2.6% houses located in the Katukele area

Source: Department of Census and Statistics & Grammer Niladary

Parks

Greenways

Source: Field Survey and Google map-2016

40%60%

Open Space &

Public Space

Built Area

East Plot

8%

92%

Open Space &

Public Space

Built Area

West Plot

LAND USE

REGULATIONS

PROPERTY

SENSORY PERCEPTION

INFRASTRUCTURE

OPEN SPACE

LAND USE

OPEN SPACE

PROPERTY

SENSORY PERCEPTION

INFRASTRUCTURE

Political boundaries

Land use regulations

Easements and deed restrictionsHISTORY

Density : F.A.R – 2.5

Heritage Conservation : Building: Post office Building

Height Control : According to plot size

Road Reservation : RDA –Srimao Bandaranayake Mawathe,

S.W.R.D Bandaranayaka Mawath, Lamagara Mawath

(Source: UDA.Kandy)

Gangawatakorale Divisional

Secretariat Division

Katukale GND

CULTURAL ATTRIBUTES

REGULATIONS

Site area

Floor area ratio(FAR)= building area

LAND USE

OPEN SPACE

REGULATIONS

SENSORY PERCEPTION

INFRASTRUCTURE

HISTORY

CULTURAL ATTRIBUTES

PROPERTY

Ownership : KMC & Private

Northern block– Private a & KMC

Southern block– Public Land

Value - Between 1.2m -5.0m

LAND USE

OPEN SPACE

REGULATIONS

PROPERTY

INFRASTRUCTURE

Visibility

Visual quality

Noise

Odors

HISTORY

CULTURAL ATTRIBUTES

SENSORY PERCEPTION

LAND USE

OPEN SPACE

REGULATIONS

PROPERTY

INFRASTRUCTURE Visibility

Visual quality

Noise

Odors

HISTORY

SENSORY PERCEPTION

CULTURAL ATTRIBUTES

LAND USE

OPEN SPACE

REGULATIONS

PROPERTY

SENSORY PERCEPTION

HISTORY

Transportation

Utilities

Sanitary

Storm sewer

Electric

Water

Telecommunication

Gas

Roads Railway

Telecom

Electricity

Toilet

Drain

Steps

INFRASTRUCTURE

CULTURAL ATTRIBUTES

Unique Characters

Pedestrian Alleyways

cul-de-sac

Flow Pattern

CBD Area

Vehicle Passenger

149,918 762,502

Study Area

200,000 person

per day

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES

TOPOGRAPHY

HYDROLOGY

SOIL

GEOLOGY

MICROCLIMATE

Elevation

Slope

Elevation

Orientation

Located Natural gradient 499- 512-meters MSL and

in an elevated basin surrounded by hills.

Source: Google pro

Meda Ela quality is the worst. Groundwater also

does not show good quality.Urban runoff adds organic

and chemical loading to surface water

High Do, No3,PO43-,

Alarming Coliform level by septic tank effluent leaking

Source: M/s Resources Development Consultants (Pvt) Ltd

TOPOGRAPHY

HYDROLOGY

SOIL

GEOLOGY

MICROCLIMATE

Surface drainage

water chemistry

aquifer recharge area

Seeps and springs

The Mede ela is the main drainage for the southern part of the city of Kandy

This main drainage originates from the overflow sluice of the Kandy Lake and

discharge into the Mahaveli River at Getambe

untreated domestic sewage is released directly into the Meda Ela

It is topographically situated at a low elevation

The wide of the stream is 3m

Some parts of the canal is kept closed at front and Backyard of electricity

buildings

The Meda Ela is also a unique identity to the ancient historical city of Kandy

Retaining Wall Steps

Common ToiletSeptic Tang &

Soakage pit

Septic Tang &

Soakage pit

Residential

Building

Commercial

Building

Waste water

discharging

Leakage from

Septic tang &

Soakage pit

Leakage from

Septic tang &

Soakage pit Drain

Waste water

discharging

PERADENIYA

ROAD

Leakage from

Septic tang &

Soakage pit

Ground Water Table

Soak by Ground

Under ground water

pollution

25ft

Sources of Water Pollution

!00m

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES……TOPOGRAPHY

HYDROLOGY

SOIL

GEOLOGY

MICROCLIMATE

Surface drainage

water chemistry


Seeps and springs

Typical Cross-

section of Mede -

Ela recharging

area and Impacts

High level of rain water

runoff from high density

built area High level of Water

pollution

High level surface water

runoff

Built Environment

Mahaweli River

Kandy Lake

Mountain

Range

Built Area

Mede ela

10% shallow

infiltration

30%

Evepotranspiration

5% deep

infiltration

75% - 100% impervious

surface

55%

Runoff

Drinking Water intake Plant

Source:Site Analysis,

James A. LaGro Jr

Gatambe

Water

Intake

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES

Mede Ela as a Tributary of Mahaweli River

The total daily drinking water consumption is about 36,000 m3 per day.

Wastewater release into ela is 20,000 m3 per day Source: National Water Supply and Drainage Board 2016

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES……………

TOPOGRAPHY

HYDROLOGY

SOIL

GEOLOGY

MICROCLIMATE

Surface drainage

water chemistry


springs

Low income

housing

Seeps and springs

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES

TOPOGRAPHY

HYDROLOGY

GEOLOGY

Source: Geology Department of Peradeniya University , 2017

SOIL

The predominant great soil group in thesite is Reddish brown Latosolic soils whichhighly dissected, hilly and rolling terrainover burden with uneven thickness ofsoils. Moreover, red yellow Podzolic soilsand mountain regosols, immature brownloams solis also can be recorded. Most ofthe soils in the area can be categorised asresidual type soils, but soils along theMeda Ela is formed as alluvial type.Colluvial soils also can be identified alonglower parts of primrose mountain rangeand Suduhumpola area and some othersloppy areas.

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES

TOPOGRAPHY

HYDROLOGY

Source: Geology Department of Peradeniya University , 2017

SOIL

GEOLOGY

General geology of the area covers with mainly Garnet-

sillimanite-biotite gneiss ± graphite and undifferentiated

charnokitic biotite gneiss. Further, quartzite with minerals

such as sillimanite, kaolinish feldspar or biotite in different

quantity and marble that usually course grained and

dolomitic, locally high calcite marble present can be

identified from the area. There are rock outcrops within

the area and surroundings.

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/235326933_fig1_Fig-4-Geology-of-the-area-around-

Kandy-showing-the-interlayering-and-association-of

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES

TOPOGRAPHY

HYDROLOGY

SOIL

GEOLOGY

MICROCLIMATE

Solar pattern

winds tunnel

Mid Day

Evening Sun

Morning Sun

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES

TOPOGRAPHY

HYDROLOGY

SOIL

GEOLOGY

MICROCLIMATE

Solar pattern

winds tunnel

Source: Mapping meaning in city image-Case study of Kandy city,

Sri Lanka, Kapila D Silva,2011

BIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES

ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES

VEGETATION

Peltophorum pterocarpum, Mangifera indica (Amba), Persea

americana (Ali Pera), Tabebuiarosea, Ficus religiosa (Boo)

and Corvus splendens (House Crow), Acridotheres tristis

(Common Myna),

High density Canopy

Environmental Perception

NATURE ENDURING

HABITAT RESOURCES

ARTIFACT PLATFORM

Society

Economy

Environment

Land

Water

Mobility

Energy

SYSTEM DYNAMIC

WEALTH PROPERTY

IDEOLOGY VALUES

HISTORY LEGACY

AESTHETIC SCENERY

BUILDING ENVELOP

Synthesis & Analysis

Why need plan

To Katukale

1. Mix used development area

2. it has own identity - specialized in medical services

3. Availability of Architectural Valuable Building

4. Providing administrative services

1. Located adjoined to transport terminal and containing Floating population about

300,000 per day

2. Located in CBD of Kandy city

3. Located in Transport Hub of Kandy city

4. Government Policy

I. Mede-ela renovation project

II. Greater Kandy drinking water project

III. Kandy city waste water project

IV. Sewerage Development Project

V. Proposed transport hub programme – Terminal ,walkability

development, underpass and railway dual lines

development

5. Regulation on Heritage conservation in practice

1. Lack of accessibility and spatial segregation

2. High Water pollution in the Mede-ela

3. Poor solid waste disposal facility

4. Poor toilet facility creating septic tank effluent leaking

5. No proper walkway along the Peradeniya road

6. No proper drainage facility available

7. Poor site visual

I. Mede-ela renovation project

II. Sewerage Development Project

III. Walkability development6. Solid Waste disposal system in practice by KMC

Mix used development area

Availability of Architectural Valuable Building

Providing administrative services

1. Current practice of development controlling policy regarding to heritage

concept

2. Proposed highway is proposed to connect to Katugasthota town rather

than Kandy transport hub

3 . No availability of building code regarding to Architectural design and

Building colure scheme

SWOT Matrix

SO WO

ST WT1. Lack of accessibility and spatial segregation

2. Located in elevated area

3. Scattered development activates – medical channeling centers

4. Low extent of open space

5. Ad hoc development along the alleyways creating dull

and a not safety place

6. Informal Settlement Development

3. No availability of building code regarding to Architectural design and Building colure

scheme

Backyard of the Site

0m 25m50m 75m 100m 125m 150m 175m

180m 215m

499m

500m

505m

508m

511m

502m

96m 107m

PERADENIYA

ROAD

House

Steps

AccessPath

Houses

Public Toilet &

Wash Room

Public

Space

Low

Income

HousesMede Ele

Bo

un

da

ry wa

ll

Medical centers

& commercial

Buildings

Pedestrian Alleyway

Or cul-de-sac

Semi-Grounded

Pedestrian Alleyway

Heritage Building

Spatial

Margination

Correlation between

Topography and

Spatial form

1. Lack of accessibility and spatial segregation

Existing Integration Future Development Scenario

Proposed

Overhead Bridge

Proposed

overhead Bridge 1

Proposed

overhead Bridge 2

Elevation: The site is located elevation

between 499m – 511m

Peradeniya road has located in

511m elevation

The Site is within elevation

gradient 2.44% - 11.7%

Northern Block – elevation

gradient - in the north

direction – 0.21m-9.57m -

in the south direction-

12.0m-0.04m

Southern Block – 2m-1.75m

Slop:Maximum slope within 5.2%

- 23.6%

Average slope within 3.0%-

10.1%

But it is differences within

the site

Orientation: Southern part has lowest location

499m height

Peradeniya road has highest

location

slop is faced to Southeast direction

Sensitive

Area

2.Located in elevated area

Srimao Bandaranayake

Mawathe

Slope %=Rise/Run*100

Rise=510m-499m

=11m

Slope %=11m/104m

= 10.57%

Balance area average

5% slope

Slope Calculation

0 – 5% Generally flat Highly buildable

5 – 10% Gently rolling Moderately buildable

10 – 15% Gentle to mild slopes Moderately difficult to build

15 – 20% Mild to steep slopes Difficult to build

20% and over Harsh, steep slopes Unbuildable

3. Scattered development activates –

medical channeling centers

Total Number of Service Centers -22

Percentage land out of Commercial total

Area - 7%

10,000 person per day visit to have

service

30,559 Sqm

19,986 Sqm

North ern block

Plot coverage– 93%

Open Space – 7.8%

FAR=1:2.2

South ern block

Plot coverage–60%

Open Space – 40%

FAR=1:1.3

Open Space Calculation

FAR=Gross Floor area

Total Land Area

100Plot Coverage = Ground Floor Plinth Area

Land Area

Figure and Ground Analysis

4. Low extent of open space

Dull and Darkness

5. Ad hoc development

along the alleyways

creating dull and a

not safety place

Source: Field Survey - 2016

Average building height – G+1

6. Underutilized Development

Skyline of Katukele Urban Area

S.W.R.D Bandaranayake Mawathe

Srimao Banaranayake Mawathe

DrainAlleyway

Total Houses - 28

Number of families – 38

Average income – Rs. 30,000 - 40,000

Building :

Single floor Houses

Average floor area 23Sqm - 35Sqm

Total Land Area -1200Sqm

6. Informal Housing Development

Development

Conceptual Map

Vision Statement

Space the principal of creating perception of a society. Katukele site

planning is going to give a value on its environmental quality, culture

diversity and heritage inherence and creating pleasing place to health

living ultimately it will be a imagable place to all.

Goal

Objectives

1. To connect both side of the area

2. To Creating buff zone to Meda Ela Area

3. To develop comfortable place to access

4. To achieve spatial management more efficiently

5. To create sense of place at Katukele Urban Area

To Create KatuKele Urban Area as beautiful place in Kandy City

Meda – Ela Water front Development

Nature Path to Heritage City

Near by the New Post

Office Building

References:

Kandy City Region Strategic Development Plan(2030), By Uni Consultancy Services, University of Moratuwa Sri Lanka,

October 2015

Ka pila D. Silva , (2006), An experiential approach to urban design and conservation: A study of Kandy, Sri lanka, Journal

of research in architecture and planning, vol.5,

Kandy Transport Imprvement Program, By Uni Consultancy Services, University of Moratuwa Sri Lanka, May,2014

Jacobs J (1966) Life and Death of Great American Cities, , New Your: Random House Inc

URBAN SEGREGATION: A Theoretical Approach by Lucia Maria Machado Bógus

http://www.observatoriodasmetropoles.ufrj.br/urban_segregation.pdf

Yi-Fu Tuan,(2003) Space and Place – The perspective of experience , The university of Minnesota Press,.

Edited by Kevin Thwaites, Sergio portta, Ombretta Romice and Mark Greaves, (2007)Urban Sustainable-through

environmental design-approach to –people-place responsive urban spaces, by Routledge, New York,

James A. LaGro Jr, (2013), Site Analysis, Informing Context – Sensitive and Sustainable Site Planning and

Design,, John Wiley & sons, Inc,New York

Ir.Dr. Gue See Sew and Ir.Tan Year chin (2000) Hill – site Development – Planning, Design, Construction,

Construction and Maintenance consideration, , IEM seminar on Geotechnical Engineering ,Penang

http://www.observatoriodasmetropoles.ufrj.br/urban_segregation.pdf

Thank You

simple way to site planning.pptx

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