SIMTOMATOLOGI SISTEM SARAF

•SEBAB MUSABAB TIDAK SEDARKAN DIRI•GANGGUAN MOTOR•GANGGUAN SENSORI• IRITASI KEPADA MENINGES

Disediakan Oleh : Nassruto

SEBAB MUSABAB TIDAK SEDARKAN DIRI• SYNCOPE-reduction of blood flow to the

brain(syncope)• Simple faint(vasovagal attack)• Precipitating factors• Emotional stimulation,prolonged

standing,pain,fright or anxiety• Postural syncope-standing up-impairment

of the vasomotor reflexes

•Arterial hypertension overtreated• Elderly•Autonomic neuropathy•Cough syncope-transient loss of

consciousness@end of purple faced paroxysm of coughing in chronic bronchitis•Micturition syncope-male who leaves the

warm bed,upright position and straining

•Syncope on exertion-limitation of cardiac output due to severe obstruction @aortic or pulmonary valve•Syncope from cardiac arrythmias-extremely fast or slow cardiac rates•SAWAN•Epileptic fit-transient disturbance of conscousness due to brief excessive electrical discharge of cerebral neurones•Grand mal-tonic clonic

•Focal –consciousness not entirely loss and clinical features bizarre or unusual•Jacksonian-retain contact with environment

GANGGUAN MOTOR

• Loss of learned movement patterns-dyspraxia or apraxia• Paralysis or weakness• Impairment of coordination•Changes in tone• Involuntary movements•Hypokinesis

•Dyspraxia-clumsy movement•Tremors-rythmic movements resulting from alternating contraction and relaxation-anxiety,hyperthyroid,alcoholic,parkinson•Myoclonus-sudden shock like contractions-epilepsy and falling asleep

•Choreiform movements-irregular jerky,semipurpose and ill sustained•Dystonic movements(torsion spasm)-similar to athetoid,affect proximal part of limbs or trunks•Spasmodic torticollis-segmental dystonia,repetitive,rotary movement of head and neck to one side accompanied by extension of neck

•Hemiballimus-similar to choreiform,more proximal and greater in amplitude and forceful@vascular damage to sub thalamic nucleus•Athetoid spasm-slow writhing movements affecting distal part-extra pyramidal disease

GANGGUAN SENSORI•ANAESTHESIA-KEHILANGAN

SENSASI SENTUHAN• Hyperaesthesia-oversensitive to heat/cold/pain •ANALGESIA-KEHILANGAN SENSASI

SAKIT•HIPERALGESIA-PENINGKATAN

SENSASI BERIKUTAN SENTUHAN,MENYEBABKAN KESAKITAN• Neuralgia-pain in the nerve

• PARAESTHESIA-SENSASI CUCUKAN PIN,JARUM• LESI SARAF PERIFERI

MENYEBABKAN KEHILANGAN SENSASI DARI KAWASAN YANG DISALUR OLEH SARAF TERSEBUT•KEHILANGAN PENGLIHATAN

DITUNJUKKAN DENGAN KEHILANGAN KEUPAYAAN MEMBACA PADA SESUATU

JARAK ATAU KEHILANGAN PANDANGAN NORMAL ATAU DOUBLE VISION•GANGGUAN PENDENGARAN BOLEH DITUNJUKKAN DENGAN DENGAN KEPEKAKAN ATAU TINNITUS(BUNYI BERDENGUNG

IRITASI KEPADA MENINGES

•ONSET-PANTAS DARI JAM KE HARI.PESAKIT SAKIT DENGAN DEMAM TERUK•SAKIT KEPALA-DIKAITKAN DENGAN MUNTAH•PERUBAHAN KESEDARAN-PESAKIT

DROWSY(MENGANTUK) DAN IRITABLE( MUDAH TERGANGGU) DAN DELIRIOUS(MERACAU) mental confusion. KETEGANGAN LEHER.PESAKIT BERBARING ATAS KATIL MEMBONGKOK JAUH DARI CAHAYA DENGAN FOTOFOBIA

•SAWAN TERUTAMA BAGI BAYI•KERNIG’S SIGN-ADA RINTANGAN APABILA MENCUBA UNTUK MELURUSKAN LUTUT YANG FLEKSI KERANA INI MENEGANGKAN MENINGES YANG RADANG

• Paralisis-hilang kuasa bergerak•Hemiplegia-lumpuh sebelah badan•Monoplegia-lumpuh satu anggota samada

tangan atau kaki• Paraplegia-lumpuh separuh badan•Quadriplegia-lumpuh kesmua kaki dan

tangan• Paresis-weakness of muscle movement

•Ataxia-seseorang yang tidak boleh berjalan stabil•Coma-unconscious•Nystagmus-involuntary rapid movement

of eyeball• Spasm –kekejangan otot• Incontinence-ketiadaan kawalan