simulation of flow orifice in a depressurization line ... · pdf filesimulation of flow...
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Simulation of Flow Orifice in a
depressurization line working in critical flow.
Autores:
Victor Kanehiro Arume de Souza – ESSS
Leonardo Aquino Costa – Petrobras / CENPES
Cristhian Alberto Celestino Cortez – Petrobras / CENPES
Kaku Saito – Petrobras / CENPES
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PRESENTATION TOPICS
• Company Overview;
• Problem Description;
• Methodology;
• Goals;
• Conclusion and next steps.
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Exploration
Research and
Development
Cenpes
Technological
Management
Supply Research
and Development
Gas, Energy and Sustainable
Development Research
and Development
Exploration and
Production
Basic Engineering Downstream, Gas and
Energy Basic
Engineering
Production
Research and
Development
Cenpes´ Organizational Structure
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In Brazil, partnership with over 120 universities and research centers
Agreements and contracts Thematic networks 7 regional centers
Abroad, more than 70 institutions
Multiclient projects Cooperatives researches Strategic Alliances Technological Exchanges
CENPES Today
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• Flow Orifice study in the fast and slow
depressurization lines of a reactor;
• Last defense systems in case of a
uncontrolled temperature rise in reactors;
• Maintain the right depressurization rate it’s
a security issue:
– Depressurization to slow > Bad temperature
control;
– Depressurization to fast > Reactor damage /
Compromised Flare System;
Problem Description
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Problem Description
• Divergence between designs of the detailed
project and the concept project;
• Lack of standards for critical flows;
• Different bibliographies gives different sizes
of FO;
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Problem Description
• Two methodologies used:
– Concept Project: Based on the methodologies of flow
measurements under critical flow, described by Nelson
Martins [1];
– Detailed Project: Based on the methodologies of valve
controls under critical flow;
Concept Fast Line
Detailed Fast Line
Concept Slow line
Detailed Slow line
Line Diameter 215,9 124,4
Orifice Diameter 99,94 85 56,5 48,25
β 0,46 0,39 0,45 0,39
Plate Thickness 99,94 44,45 56,5 25,4
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• 2D axisymmetric simplification;
Real 3D geom
2D simplified geom
Geometry
Thickness
Flow Orifice
Upstream Downstream
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• Hexahedral Mesh:
FO Region
Detailed
Mesh
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• Pressure–Pressure bc’s:
Boundary Conditions
Fast Depressurization
Pinlet = 1,54e+07 Pa
Poutlet = 1,27e+05 Pa
Slow Depressurization
Pinlet = 1,52e+07 Pa
Poutlet = 4,81e+06 Pa
Wall
Axis
Inlet Outlet
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cp
y = 1.9494x + 6111.6
6700.00
6800.00
6900.00
7000.00
7100.00
7200.00
7300.00
300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00
Temperatura [K]
cp
[J/k
g.K
]
Viscosidade
y = 2E-08x + 5E-061.10E-05
1.20E-05
1.30E-05
1.40E-05
1.50E-05
1.60E-05
1.70E-05
1.80E-05
300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00
Temperatura [K]
Vis
co
sid
ad
e [
Kg
/m.s
]
Boundary Conditions
• Fluid Properties:
– Temperature = 51 ºC
– Molecular Weight = 4,8 kg/mol
– Specific mass = ideal gas
– Viscosity and cp = process simulator
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• Mach:
Results
Fast Depressurization
Detailed
Concept
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• Pressure:
Results
Fast Depressurization
Detailed
Concept
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• Mach:
Results
Slow Depressurization
Detailed
Concept
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• Pressure:
Results
Slow Depressurization
Detailed
Concept
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• Achieved Mass Flow:
Results
Fast Depressurization Line Slow Depressurization Line
Project Detailed Concept Detailed Concept
Theoretical Mass Flow (kg/s)
87,97 28,05
Mass Flow (kg/s) - CFD
65,41 89,86 20,85 28,78
Error % -25,65 2,15 -25,64 2,63
Each project step in the same range of error.
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Conclusion and Comments
• Error between methodologies:
– CFD vs Concept = 2,5%
– CFD vs Detailed = 25%
• This work showed the validation of Nelson Martins [1]
for the project of Flow Orifices under critical flow;
• There’s still a supersonic flow at the outlet boundary at
the Fast Depressurization case:
– Another shock wave will happen at upstream;
– Raised the concern on the equipment after the FO
(vibration, erosion due high speeds, etc.)
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18
Bibliography
[1] Martins, Nelson. Manual de medição de vazão: através de
placas de orifício, bocais e venturis. Rio de Janeiro;
Interciência; Petrobras, 1998.
[2] ANSYS Fluent (2010) Theory Guide. Versão 13, abril de
2009. Cannonsburg, USA.
[3] Ewan B.C.R. and Moodie K. 1986 “Structure and velocity
measurements in under-expanded jets” Combustion Science
and Technology 45 pp275-288.
[4] Miller, R.W. Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook;
McGraw-Hill Book Company