simultaneous estimation of paracetamol, ibuprofen … · simultaneous estimation of paracetamol,...

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Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015 ISSN NO: 2231-6876

SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF PARACETAMOL, IBUPROFEN AND FAMOTIDINE

BY USING RP-HPLC METHOD

Allabasha Mumtaz, Mrs. Iffath Rizwana Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis & QA, Deccan School of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Osmania University),Nampally,Hyderabad-

500001.

Corresponding author

Allabasha Mumtaz

Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis & QA,

Deccan School of Pharmacy(affiliated to osmania university),

Nampally,Hyderabad-500001.

Copy right © 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Indo American journal of Pharmaceutical

Research, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Article history

Received 03/09/2015

Available online

30/09/2015

Keywords

Simultaneous Estimation,

RP-HPLC,

Ibuprofen,

Famotidine & Paracetamol.

A new simple, accurate, precise and reproducible RP-HPLC method has been developed for

the simultaneous estimation of ibuprofen and famotidine and paracetamol in tablet dosage

forms using Kromosil ODS column,C18(250x4.6 ID) 5µm in isocratic mode. The mobile

phase consisted of Solution used – Phosphate buffer: CAN (40+60) pH 4.0. The flow rate was

1.0 ml/min and detection wavelength was carried out at 230nm. The retention times of

ibuprofen and famotidine & paracetamol were 6.477 min and 8.217 min & 2.703 min,

respectively. The method was linear over the concentration range for ibuprofen 2-10 μg/ml

and for and famotidine 2-10 μg/ml & for paracetamol 2-10 μg/ml. The recoveries of

ibuprofen and famotidine were found to be in the range of 99.2% and 99.85% & 100.49%

respectively. The validation of method was carried out utilizing ICHguidelines. The described

HPLC method was successfully employed for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations

containing combined dosage form.

Please cite this article in press as Allabasha Mumtaz et al. Simultaneous Estimation of Paracetamol,Ibuprofen And Famotidine By

Using RP-HPLC Method. Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research.2015:5(09).

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Vol 5, Issue 09, 2015. Allabasha Mumtaz et al. ISSN NO: 2231-6876

INTRODUCTION

DRUG PROFILE

Name: famotidine

Description: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric

secretion. [PubChem]

Structure:

Fig 1: chemical structure of famotidine.

Brand Names: Amfamox,Antodine,Digervin,Dispromil,Famosid,Famosan

Weight: Average: 337.445

Monoisotopic: 337.044934829

IUPAC name: 3-[({2-[(diaminomethylidene)amino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}methyl)sulfanyl]-N'-sulfamoylpropanimidamide

Name: Ibuprofen

Description: Ibuprofen, a propionic acid derivative, is a prototypical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIA) with analgesic

and antipyretic properties

Structure:

Fig 2:Chemical structure of ibuprofen.

Brand Names: Actiprofen,Betagesic,Dalsy,Dolormin,Tefin,Trendar



IUPAC name: 2-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]propanoic acid

Name: Paracetamol

Description: Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, is commonly used for its analgesic and antipyretic effects. Its

therapeutic effects are similar to salicylates, but it lacks anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, and gastric ulcerative effects

Structure:

Fig 3:Chemical structure of paracetamol.

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Brand Names: Abenol,Acephen,Tapanol,Tempra,Salzone,Rounox.



IUPAC name: N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide

LABEL CLAIM

Trade Name: IBU C

Manufacturer: Winston Pharmaceuticals Ltd

Unit: 20mg/325mg/400mg

Type: Tablet

Significance for the choice of drug

The drugs (paracetamol and ibuprofen and famotidine) is selected for study because on this combination of drug not

much work has been carried out. No analytical work has been reported so far on paracetamol and ibuprofen and famotidine by

using rp-hplc. Hence by observing the existing literatures, the present work is carried out to develop a economical, and less

time consuming, precise method.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Review of literature

Literature survey was carried out on the proposed topic with the facility internet and refering scientific journals. The survey

reveals that, no work has been undertaken on the proposed topic and some related research work are coated below.

1.S S Chitlange, *et al., has developed a High performance thin layer chromatographic method is developed for simultaneous

estimation of ibuprofen and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in tablets.

Narasimha Swamy Lakka, *et al., has developed a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC)

method suitable for simultaneous determi-nation of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol in dissolution of solid dosage forms in pharmaceuticals

has been developed.

Dimal A. Shah,*et al., has developed this method. isocratic, reversed phase-liquid-chromatographic assay method was

developed for the quantitative determination of ibuprofen and famotidine in combined-dosage form.

Prasanna Reddy Battu and MS Reddy has developed A simple, selective, accurate high Performance Liquid Chromatographic

(HPLC) method was developed and validated for the analysis of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen.

Gnana Raja M1

Geetha G2 and Sangaranarayanan A1 has developed a simple, precise, accurate, simultaneous and stability-indicating RPLC

method developed with an effective resolution for active pharmaceutical ingredients and marketed drug products. This method

effectively separate all the related substances of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol along with impurities. This method is using in the

estimation assay of Ibuprofen and paracetamol in drug substance also.

CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF LITERATURE REVIEW

The existing literature review shows that mostly pharmacological work has been done & only one analytical work has been

reported on paracetamol and ibuprofen and famotidine. Hence by observing literature, this work is carried out to obtain a low retention

time.

AIM & OBJECTIVE

AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE WORK

Pharmaceutical industries rely upon quantitative chemical analysis to ensure that the raw materials used and the final products

obtained meet the required specification.

Existing literature reveals that analytical methods like HPLC of Famotidine, Ibuprofen and Paracetamol reported with different

drug combinations.

Therefore, the present study has been undertaken in order to develop a simple, rapid, efficient and reproducible RP-HPLC method

for the analysis of Famotidine, Ibuprofen and Paracetamol in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

OBJECTIVES

Following are the objectives of present work

To perform method development for the drugs

To study effect of various mobile phases used in method development

To determine the drug content in given pharmaceutical dosage form

To validate analytical methods as per ICH guidelines

To demonstrate that it is suitable for its intended purpose

To establish identity, detect and quantitate impurities and to assess characteristics

http://www.medindia.net/drugs/manufacturers/winston-pharmaceuticals-ltd.htm

http://www.researchgate.net/researcher/13975262_S_S_Chitlange

http://www.researchgate.net/researcher/2057211883_Narasimha_Swamy_Lakka

http://www.hindawi.com/38514632/

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Plan of work

Solubility determination of paracetamol and famotidine & ibuprofen in various solvents and buffers.

Determine the absorption maxima of both the drugs in UV–Visible region in different solvents/buffers and selecting the solvents

for HPLC method development.

Optimize the mobile phase and flow rates for proper resolution and retention times.

Validate the developed method as per ICH guidelines.

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

INSTRUMENTS USED

The following are the details of instrument used on which the work is carried out.

Table 1 Details of instrument.

UV-Visible Spectrophotometer Nicolet evolution 100

HPLC Shimadzu(LC 20 AT VP)

HPLC Agilent 1200 series

Ultra sonicator Citizen, Digital Ultrasonic Cleaner

pH meter Global digital

Electronic balance Shimadzu

Syringe Hamilton

HPLC Column Kromosil ODS

column,C18(250x4.6 ID) 5µm

METHODOLGY

Preparation of standard stock solution of Paracetamol:

32.5mg of Paracetamol was weighed and transferred in to 100ml volumetric flask and dissolved in methanol and then make

up to the mark with methanol and prepare 10 µg /ml of solution by diluting 0.3ml to 10ml with methanol.

Preparation of standard stock solution of Iboprofen:

40mg of Iboprofen was weighed in to 100ml volumetric flask and dissolved in Methanol and then dilute up to the mark with

methanol and prepare 10 µg /ml of solution by diluting 0.25ml to 10ml with methanol.

Preparation of standard stock solution of Famotidine:

2mg of Famotidine was weighed in to 100ml volumetric flask and dissolved in Methanol and then dilute up to the mark with

methanol and prepare 10 µg /ml of solution by diluting 5ml to 10ml with methanol.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Results

The wavelength of maximum absorption (λmax) of the drug, 10 μg/ml solution of the drugs in methanol were scanned using

UV-Visible spectrophotometer within the wavelength region of 200–400 nm against methanol as blank. The resulting spectra are

shown in the fig. no. 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 and the absorption curve shows characteristic absorption maxima at 243nm for Paracetamol, 221

nm for Ibuprofen and 265nm for Famotidine and 230nm for the combination.

UV-VIS spectrum of Paracetamol

Obeservation: λmax was found to be 243nm for Paracetamol

UV-VIS spectrum of Ibuprofen

Observation: λmax was found to be 221nm for Ibuprofen

UV-VIS spectrum of Famotidine

Observation: λmax was found to be 265nm for Famotidine

UV-VIS spectrum of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen and Famotidine and the isosbestic point was 230nm.

Optimised Chromatographic conditions

Mobile phase : Phosphate Buffer: Acetonitrile

Ratio : 40:65

Column : Zodiac, C18 (250×4.6× 5µ)

Wavelength : 230nm

Flow rate : 1ml/min

pH :4

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Preparation of mixed standard solution

Weigh accurately 325mg of Paracetamol and 400mg of Ibuprofen and 20mg of Famotidine in 100 ml of volumetric flask and

dissolve in 10ml of mobile phase and make up the volume with mobile phase From above stock solution 325µg/ml of Paracetamol and

400µg/ml of Ibuprofen and 20µg/ml of Famotidine is prepared by diluting 1ml to 10ml with mobile phase. This solution is used for

recording chromatogram.

Fig. 4: Chromatogram of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen and Famotidine.

Observation:Efficiency and resolution and shape of the peaks were good. Hence the method was optimized.

Table 2 : Optimized chromatographic conditions.

Mobile phase Phosphate buffer : Acetonitrile 40:60

pH 4.0

Column INERTSIL column,C18(150x4.6 ID) 5µm

Flow rate 1.0 ml/min

Column temperature Room temperature(20-25oC)

Sample temperature Room temperature(20-25oC)

Wavelength 230nm

Injection volume 20 µl

Run time 10min

Retention time About 2.703min for Paracetamol and 6.477min for

Ibuprofen and 8.217min for Famotidine.

VALIDATION

Specificity by Direct comparison method There is no interference of mobile phase, solvent and placebo with the analyte peak and also the peak purity of analyte peak

which indicate that the method is specific for the analysis of analytes in their dosage form.






Preparation of sample solution:

5tablets (each tablet contains 325mg of Paracetamol and 400mg of Ibuprofen and 20mg of Famotidine) were weighed and

taken into a mortar and crushed to fine powder and uniformly mixed. Tablet stock solutions of Paracetamol (325μg/ml) and Ibuprofen

(400μg/ml) and Famotidine (20µg/ml) were prepared by dissolving weight equivalent to 325mg of Paracetamol and 400mg of

Ibuprofen and 20mg of Famotidine and dissolved in sufficient mobile phase. After that filtered the solution using 0.45-micron syringe

filter and Sonicated for 5 min and dilute to 100ml with mobile phase. Further dilutions are prepared in 5 replicates of 325μg/ml of

Paracetamol and 400μg/ml of Ibuprofen and 20µg/ml of Famotidine was made by adding 1ml of stock solution to 10 ml of mobile

phase.

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Fig. 5: Chromatogram for specificity of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen and Famotidine sample and standard.

Linearity and range






Table 3: Linearity Preparations.

Preparations

Volume from

standard stock

transferred in

ml

Volume made up in

ml (with mobile

phase)

Concentration of solution(µg /ml)

Paracetamol Ibuprofen Famotidine

Preparation 1 1 10 32.5 40 2

Preparation 2 1.5 10 48.75 60 3

Preparation 3 2 10 65 80 4

Preparation 4 2.5 10 81.25 100 5

Preparation 5 3 10 97.5 120 6

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Fig 6:Chromatogram of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen and Famotidine preparation-1(50%),2(75%),3(100%),4(125%),5(150%).

Table 4: linearity of Paracetamol &Table 5: linearity of Ibuprofen.

S.No. Conc.(µg/ml ) Area S.No. Conc.(µg/ml ) Area

1 32.5 1238.342 1 40 1624.112

2 48.75 1819.191 2 60 2437.545

3 65 2297.198 3 80 3084.379

4 81.25 3001.861 4 100 4053.050

5 97.50 3474.678 5 120 4731.806

Table 6: linearity of Famotidine.

S.No. Conc.(µg/ml ) Area

1 2 639.476

2 3 961.082

3 4 1224.443

4 5 1643.461

5 6 1874.468

Fig. 7: Linearity graph of Paracetamol. Fig.8: Linearity graph of Ibuprofen.

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Fig. 9: Linearity graph of Famotidine.

The relationship between the concentration of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen and Famotidine and area of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen

and Famotidine should be linear in the specified range and the correlation should not be less than 0.99.

Accuracy Accuracy of the method was determined by Recovery studies. To the formulation (pre analyzed sample), the reference

standards of the drugs were added at the level of 50%, 100%, 150%. The recovery studies were carried out three times and the

percentage recovery and percentage mean recovery were calculated for drug is shown in table. To check the accuracy of the method,

recovery studies were carried out by addition of standard drug solution to pre-analyzed sample solution at three different levels 50%,

100% & 150%.

Fig. 10: Chromatogram of 50% recovery (injection 1,2,3).

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Table 7: Recovery results for Paracetamol.

Table 8: Recovery results for Ibuprofen.

Recovery

level

Accuracy PARACETAMOL Average %

Recovery Amount

taken(mcg/ml)

Area Average

area

Amount recovered

(mcg/ml)

%Recovery

50% 32.5 1230.121 1229.964 32.53 100.10

100.49%

32.5 1233.330

32.5 1226.442

100% 65 2307.790 2309.946 64.74 99.60

65 2304.415

65 2317.632 150% 97.5 3482.522 3484.028 99.23 101.77

97.5 3489.291 97.5 3480.271

Recovery

level

Accuracy IBUPROFEN Average %

Recovery Amount

taken(mcg/ml)

Area Average

area

Amount

recovered(mcg/ml)

%Recovery

50% 40 1630.644 1633.280 40.01 100.03

99.92%

40 1634.598

40 1634.598

100% 80 3108.923 3105.724 79.82 99.78

80 3091.955

80 3116.294

150% 120 4744.754 4744.464 119.97 99.97

120 4734.981

120 4753.656

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Table 9: Recovery results for famotidine.

Precision

Method precision

Prepared sample preparations of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen and Famotidine as per test method and injected 5 times in to the column.

The % Relative standard deviation of Assay preparations of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen and Famotidine should be not more than 2.0%.

Fig. 13: Chromatogram of precision injection 1,2,3,4,5.

Recovery level Accuracy Famotidine Average

%

Recovery Amount

taken(mcg/ml)

Area Average

area

Amount

recovered(mcg/ml)

%Recovery

50% 2 620.403 637.150 1.99 99.47

99.85%

2 646.847

2 644.200

100% 4 1226.821 1233.068 4.00 99.96

4 1221.586

4 1220.796

150% 6 1874.678 1876.592 6.01 100.13

6 1879.899 6 1875.198

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Table 10: Results for Method precision of Paracetamol & Table 11: Results for Method precision of ibuprofen.

PARACETAMOL IBUPROFEN

S.No. Rt Area S.No. Rt Area

1 2.703 2312.214 1 6.477 3124.917

2 2.677 2265.782 2 6.470 3094.066

3 2.703 2304.778 3 6.477 3096.574

4 2.677 2291.044 4 6.470 3106.287

5 2.677 2274.485 5 6.470 3085.496

avg 2.699 2289.661 avg 6.471 3101.468

stdev 0.0150 19.619 stdev 0.003 15.058

%RSD 0.56 0.86 %RSD 0.05 0.49

Table 12: Results for Method precision of famotidine.

FAMOTIDINE

S.No. Rt Area

1 8.217 1226.539

2 8.217 1215.054

3 8.217 1203.559

4 8.217 1208.404

5 8.217 1227.891

avg 8.217 1216.289

stdev 0.00 10.787

%RSD 0.00 0.89

ASSAY

Preparation of samples for Assay






Preparation of sample solution:

5tablets (each tablet contains 325mg of Paracetamol and 400mg of Ibuprofen and 20mg of Famotidine) were weighed and

taken into a mortar and crushed to fine powder and uniformly mixed. Tablet stock solutions of Paracetamol (325μg/ml) and Ibuprofen

(400μg/ml) and Famotidine (20µg/ml) were prepared by dissolving weight equivalent to 325mg of Paracetamol and 400mg of

Ibuprofen and 20mg of Famotidine and dissolved in sufficient mobile phase. After that filtered the solution using 0.45-micron syringe

filter and Sonicated for 5 min and dilute to 100ml with mobile phase. Further dilutions are prepared in 5 replicates of 325μg/ml of

Paracetamol and 400μg/ml of Ibuprofen and 20µg/ml of Famotidine was made by adding 1ml of stock solution to 10 ml of mobile

phase.

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Fig. 14: Chromatogram of Assay standard preparation-1,2,3,4,5.

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Fig. 15: Chromatogram of Assay sample preparation-1,2,3,4,5.

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Table No. 13: Assay Results.

Paracetamol Ibuprofen Famotidine

Standard

Area

Sample

Area

Standard

Area

Sample

Area

Standard

Area

Sample

Area

Injection-1 2259.197 2300.517 3078.755 3104.836 1182.175 1225.573

Injection-2 2289.669 2304.778 3100.404 3096.574 1215.303 1203.559

Injection-3 2283.417 2289.791 3088.048 3089.354 1202.590 1211.852

Injection-4 2300.800 2307.790 3092.034 3180.923 1203.369 1266.821

Injection-5 2309.033 2309.533 3100.765 3109.450 1226.173 1227.260

Average Area 2280.428 2302.482 3089.067 3116.227 1200.023 1227.015

Tablet average

weight 745.006 745.006

745.006

Standard weight 323.90 397.24 19.50

Sample weight

745.006 745.006

745.006

Label amount 325 400 20

std. purity 99.8% 99.8% 99.8%

Amount found in mg

326.28 399.93

19.90

Assay(%purity) 100.42% 99.98% 99.49%

ROBUSTNESS

To demonstrate the robustness of the method, prepared solution as per test method and injected at different variable

conditions like using different conditions like Temperature and wavelength. System suitability parameters were compared with that of

method precision.

The system suitability should pass as per the test method at variable conditions.

Fig. 16: Chromatogram of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen and Famotidine for Robustness (0.8 ml/min,1.2ml/min).

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Fig. 17: Chromatogram of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen and Famotidine for Robustness (228nm,232nm).

Table 14: Result of Robustness study.

Parameter

PARACETAMOL IBUPROFEN FAMOTIDINE

Retention

time(min)

Tailing

factor

Retention

time(min)

Tailing

factor

Retention

time(min)

Tailing

factor

Flow

0.8ml/min

1.0 ml/min

1.2ml/min

3.357

2.703

2.247

1.860

1.879

1.786

8.050

6.477

5.413

1.531

1.500

1.400

10.183

8.217

6.890

1.370

1.284

1.263 Wavelength

228nm

230nm

232nm

2.703

2.677

2.247

1.794

1.879

1.794

6.477

6.470

6.477

1.434

1.500

1.434

8.217

8.217

8.217

1.318

1.284

1.309

Ruggedness

The ruggedness of the method was studied by the determining the analyst to analyst variation by performing the Assay by

two different analysts.

The % Relative standard deviation of Assay values between two analysts should be not more than 2.0%.

Fig18: Chromatogram of Analyst 01 standard & sample preparation.

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Fig. 19: Chromatogram of Analyst 02 standard & sample preparation.

Table 15: Results for Ruggedness.

PARACETAMOL %Assay IBUPROFEN %Assay FAMOTIDINE %Assay

Analyst 01 98.45 Analyst 01 99.56 Analyst 01 98.34

Analyst 02 99.87 Analyst 02 98.46 Analyst 02 99.54

%RSD 1.02 0.78 %RSD 0.85

Observation

From the observation the %RSD between two analysts Assay values not greater than 2.0%, hence the method was rugged.

DISCUSSIONS

The wavelength of maximum absorption (λmax) of the drug, 10 μg/ml solution of the drugs in methanol were scanned using

UV-Visible spectrophotometer within the wavelength region of 200–400 nm against methanol as blank. The resulting spectra are

shown in the fig. no. 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 and the absorption curve shows characteristic absorption maxima at 243nm for Paracetamol, 221

nm for Ibuprofen and 265nm for Famotidine and 230nm for the combination. The Isosbestic point was found to be 230nm for

Paracetamol, Ibuprofen and Famotidine in combination and was shown in figure 8.3

Efficiency and resolution and shape of the peaks were good. Hence the method was optimized

CONCLUSION

It can therefore be concluded that use of the method can save much time and money and it can be used in small laboratories

with high accuracy and wide linear range. The method can be successfully used for routine analysis of paracetamol and ibuprofen &

famotidine in bulk drug formulation without interference. From the above experimental results and parameters it is concluded that, this

newly developed method for the simultaneous estimation of paracetamol and famotidine and ibuprofen was found to be simple,

precise, accurate and high resolution and gives shorter retention time.

This makes the method more acceptable and cost effective and it can be effectively applied for routine analysis.

Scope for the future work

Comparative estimation of different brands can be done.

Method development by HPLC.

Method validation by UV & HPLC as per ICH guidelines.

REFERENCES

1. Gurdeepchatwal,k. Anand , Instrumental methods of Chemical Analysis, 5th edition, Himalaya publishing house, New Delhi,

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13. S S Chitlange, D M Sakarkar, S B Wankhede, S G Wadodkar High performance thin layer chromatographic method for

simultaneous estimation of Ibuprofen and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride.

14. Narasimha Swamy Lakka, Nishant Goswami, P Balakrishna Development and validation of a RP-HPLC for simultaneous

determination of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol in solid dosage forms: Application to dissolution studies

15. Dimal A. Shah, Dixita J. Suthar, Sunil L. Baldania, Usman K. Chhalotiya, andKashyap K. Bhatt Development and Validation of

Liquid Chromatographic Method for Estimation of Ibuprofen and Famotidine in Combined Dosage Form ISRN Analytical

Chemistry.Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 674392, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/674392

16. Prasanna Reddy Battu1*and MS Reddy2 RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen in Tablets

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17. Gnana Raja( M1 ) and Geetha( G2) and Sangaranarayanan (A1 )Simultaneous, Stability Indicating Method Development and

Validation for Related Compounds of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol Tablets by RP-HPLC Method http://omicsonline.org/ Gnana

Raja et al., J Chromat Separation Techniq 2012, 3:8.

54878478451150904

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16507884

http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/93142/1/EML_18_eng.pdf?ua=1

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