InternationalInternational ConventionConvention forfor thethe PreventionPrevention ofof PollutionPollution fromfrom ShipsShips

MARPOL 73/78

INTRODUCTION

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InternationalInternational ConventionConvention forfor the the PreventionPrevention of of PollutionPollution fromfrom ShipsShips , 1973, as , 1973, as modifiedmodified by by thethe ProtocolProtocol ofof 1978 1978 relatingrelating theretothereto

MARPOL 73/78MARPOL 73/78 is one of the most important is one of the most important international agreements on pollution of the international agreements on pollution of the seasea

All six annexes of the Convention contain All six annexes of the Convention contain detailed regulations relative to the diverse detailed regulations relative to the diverse sources of pollution caused by the ships. sources of pollution caused by the ships.

Its international entry into force dates back Its international entry into force dates back of October 2, 1983of October 2, 1983..

Approved by the Republic of Panama by Law Approved by the Republic of Panama by Law No. 17 of November 9, 1981, approving the No. 17 of November 9, 1981, approving the MARPOL 73/78MARPOL 73/78

MAIN OBJECTIVEMAIN OBJECTIVE

“ THE COMPLETE ELIMINATION OF

INTENTIONAL POLLUTION OF THE

MARINE ENVIROMENT BY OIL

AND OTHER HARMFUL

SUBSTANCES AND THE MINIMIZATION

OF ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE OF SUCH

SUBSTANCES “

ARTICLE 4 VIOLATIONVIOLATION

Any violation of the requirements of the present Convention within the jurisdiction of any Party to the Convention shall be prohibited and sanctions shall be established therefor under the law of that Party.

ARTICLE 5 CertificatesCertificates

andand

specialspecial

rules rules onon

inspectioninspection

of of shipsships

A ship required to hold a certificate in accordance with the provisions of the regulations is subject, while in the ports or offshore terminals under the jurisdiction of a Party, to inspection by officers duly authorized by that Party. Such inspection shall be limited to verifying that there is on board a valid certificate, unless there are clear grounds for believing that the condition of the ship or its equipment does not correspond substantially with the particulars of that certificate.

ARTICLE 6 DETECTIONDETECTION

Parties to the Convention shall use all appropriate and practicable measures of detection and environmental monitoring, adequate procedures for reporting, proceedings to be taken in accordance with its law and accumulation of evidence.

ARTICLE 7 UndueUndue

delaydelay

toto

shipsships

All possible efforts shall be made to avoid a ship being unduly detained or delayed.

When a ship is unduly detained or delayed it shall be entitled to compensation for any loss or damage suffered.

AnnexAnnex

II: : Regulations for the Prevention of Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil Pollution by Oil AnnexAnnex

IIII: : Regulations for the Control of Regulations for the Control of

Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk AnnexAnnex

IIIIII: : Regulations for the Prevention of Regulations for the Prevention of

Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged FormSea in Packaged FormAnexo IVAnexo IV: : Regulations for the Prevention of Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from ShipsPollution by Sewage from ShipsAnnexAnnex

VV: : Regulations for the Prevention of Regulations for the Prevention of

Pollution by Garbage from ShipsPollution by Garbage from ShipsAnnexAnnex

VIVI: Regulations for the Prevention of Regulations for the Prevention of

Air Pollution from ShipsAir Pollution from Ships

Oil spill

coming

from

ships

less

than

40.000 m3

Aug/67 TORREY CANYON English Channel 119.200Jul/72 SEA STAR Golf of Oman 110.000Aug/74 METULA Strait of Magellan 54.000Mar/76 URQUIOLA Bay of Biscay 101.000Jan/77 HAWAIAN PATRIOT North Pacific 99.000Mar/78 AMOCO CADIZ English Channel 228.000Jul/79 ATLANTIC EXPRES Caribbean Sea 276.000Aug/83 CAST. BELLBER South Africa 270.000Mar/89 EXXON VALDEZ Alaska 40.000Dec/92 AEGEAN SEA La Coruna 80.000Jan/93 BRAER Scotland 85.000 Nov/96 SEA EXPRESS English Channel 228.000

MARINE POLLUTIONMARINE POLLUTION

MARINE POLLUTIONMARINE POLLUTION

FROMSHIPS

FROMSHIPS

OFFSHOREINDUSTRY

OFFSHOREINDUSTRY

NATURALSEEPS

NATURALSEEPS

FROMLAND

FROMLAND

ACCIDENTALACCIDENTAL OPERATIONALOPERATIONALRIVER, URBAN, RUN OFF

RIVER, URBAN, RUN OFF

ATMATMDUMPINGINDUSTRY

WASTE

DUMPINGINDUSTRY

WASTE

THANK YOU!