singapore the biopolis of asia
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SINGAPOREThe Biopolis of Asia
Singapore TodaySingapore Today
1960
1.6m
0.35b
214
1.3b
Source: Economic Survey of Singapore; Department of Statistics Singapore (Feb 2005)
Population
GDP (at current market prices)
GDP per Capita
Total Trade
Unemployment Rate
2004
4.24m
90b
21,291
290b
4.3%
Euro
>10%
Singapore TodaySingapore Today
2005 GDP: $97 billion euro
4.24 mil population More than 7,000 Multi-National Corporations
27%Manufacturing
11%Financial Services
13%Business Services
12%Transport &
Communications
4%Construction
Others33%
Economic Development BoardEconomic Development BoardSingapore’s Lead Economic Development AgencySingapore’s Lead Economic Development Agency
Sustaining Singapore as a compelling location for business and investment
Economic Development BoardMinistry of Trade & Industry
VisionVisionSingapore – The Biopolis of AsiaThe Biopolis of Asia
An International Biomedical Sciences Cluster Advancing Human HealthThrough the Pursuit of Excellence
in Research & Development, Manufacturing, and Healthcare Delivery
Basic, Translational
& Clinical Research
Product & Process
Development
Pilot & Commercial
Manufacturing
Regional HQ & Shared
Services
Healthcare Delivery
Phase 1: 2000 - 2005Phase 1: 2000 - 2005Building the FoundationBuilding the Foundation
Legend: Biomedical Research Council of A*STARBiomedical Sciences Group of EDBBio*One Capital of EDB
PhD Scholarships
Postdoctoral Training & Career Development
Ethical Frameworks(BAC, GMAC, NACLAR)
Public Awareness & School Outreach
Public R&D:RIs & Extramural Grants
Economic Spin-offs from Public R&D
Industry R&D
Investment Promotion
Infrastructure Development
Equity Investment
Human Capital
Development
Intellectual Capital
Development
Industrial Capital
Development
A Coordinated ApproachA Coordinated Approach
BMS ClusterBMS Cluster
BMRC R&D Capability Diamond
Industry Sectors
Industry Sectors
Bioprocessing
Chemical Synthesis
Molecular & Cell Biology
Bioengineering & Nanotechnology
ComputationalBiology
Genomics & Proteomics
PHARMACEUTICALSMEDICAL
TECHNOLOGY
HEALTHCARESERVICES & DELIVERY
BIOTECHNOLOGY
BMS International Advisory CouncilBMS International Advisory CouncilSir Richard Sykes (Chairman)Imperial College (UK)
Dr John Mendelssohn (Co-Chairman)MD Anderson (USA)
Dr David BaltimoreCalifornia Institute of Technology(USA)
Dr Leland HartwellFred Hutchinson CancerResearch Center (USA)
Dr Colin BlakemoreMedical Research Council(UK)
Dr Richard LernerScripps Research Institute(USA)
Dr John ReedBurnham Institute(USA)
Dr John BellUniversity of Oxford(UK)
Dr Sydney BrennerThe Salk Institute(USA)
Sir George RaddaUniversity of Oxford(UK)Dr Harriet Wallberg-HenrikssonKarolinska Institutet(Sweden)
Dr Peter GrussMax Planck Society(Germany)
Dr Philippe KourilskyCollege de France(France)
Dr Alan BernsteinCanadian Institutes of Health Research (Canada)
Dr Suzanne CoryThe Walter & Eliza Hall InstituteOf Medical Research (Australia)
Dr Samuel Barondes (Emeritus)University of California, SanFrancisco (USA)
Dr David I. Hirsh (Emeritus)Columbia University(USA)
Dr Paul A. Marks (Emeritus)Memorial Sloan-Kettering CancerCenter (USA)Dr Alan Munro (Emeritus)University of Cambridge(UK)
Sir Keith Peters (Emeritus)University of Cambridge(UK)
Dr Hans Wigzell (Emeritus)Karolinska Institutet(Sweden)
Dr Axel Ullrich (Emeritus)Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry (Germany)
Dr John Shine (Emeritus)Garvan Institute of Medical Research (Australia)
Dr Susan Lindquist (Emeritus)Whitehead Institute of Biomedical Research (USA)
Dr Stanley N. Cohen (Emeritus)Stanford University(USA)
Dr Helen HobbsUT Southwestern (USA)
Dr Tadataka YamadaGates Foundation (USA)
Dr Rolf ZinkernagelUniversity of Zurich (Switzerland)
Prof Sir Philip CohenUniversity of Dundee (UK)
Dr William EvansSt Jude Children’s ResearchHospital (USA)
Updated Nov 2006
Ethical FrameworkEthical Framework
Bioethics Advisory Committee (BAC) June 02: “Ethical, Legal & Social Issues in Human Stem
Cell Research, Reproductive and Therapeutic Cloning” November 04: “Research Involving Human Subjects:
Guidelines for IRBs”
National Advisory Committee for Laboratory Animal Research (NACLAR)
October 04: “Guidelines in the Care & Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes”
Physical InfrastructurePhysical Infrastructure
Tuas Tuas Biomedical ParkBiomedical ParkTuas Tuas Biomedical ParkBiomedical Park
BiopolisBiopolisBiopolisBiopolis
Phase 2 2 buildings for corporate labs Additional 40,000 sqm Construction commenced in June ‘05 Opened 30 October 2006
Phase 1 200,000 sqm 250 million euro invested Public R&D centres & corporate labs
Shared Facilities Shared R&D equipment Shared utilities Shared animal facility
The BiopolisThe BiopolisCentre for Biomedical Sciences R&DCentre for Biomedical Sciences R&D
Phase 4
Phase 3
Biopolis Shared Facilities Scientific Services Core Services General Amenities Animal Facilities
Research InfrastructureResearch InfrastructureBiopolis: Clustering BMS R&DBiopolis: Clustering BMS R&D
Phase 1 All 5 BMRC Research
Institutes Corporate labs 250 million euro 2 million sqft
1 Chromos; 2 Centros; 3 Matrix; 4 Genome; 5 Proteos; 6 Nanos; 7 Helios
Phase 2 2 buildings for corporate labs Additional 400,000 sqft Construction Commencement: June 2005 Opened 30 October 2006
Expanding Biopolis: Phase 2Expanding Biopolis: Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
Biopolis Shared FacilitiesBiopolis Shared Facilities
Core ServicesCore Services Lab Supplies Media Preparation Washing & Sterilisation
Scientific ServicesScientific Services Electron Microscopy X-ray Crystallography DNA Sequencing Proteomics Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance Histology Flow Cytometry
General AmenitiesGeneral Amenities Theatrettes Meeting Rooms Library
Small Animal Facility 6,000sqm Net Floor Area SPF rodents: knock-in/knock-out & nude mice Bio hazardous rodents Capacity for at least 200,000 rodents
55 Holding Rooms (400 – 500 sqft)10 Procedure Rooms5 ABSL 3 Labs5 Quarantine Rooms
Holding & Experimentation of large & conventionally bred animals, including mini pigs, guinea pigs
15 Large Holding Rooms (500 – 600 sqft)9 Medium Holding Rooms (200 – 250 sqft)4 Procedure Rooms4 Quarantine Rooms3 Operating Theatres
Services: Contract breeding Supply of Standard Strains Creation of Transgenic and KO mice Rederivation by Embryo Transfer Cryopreservation of Embryos and Sperm Antiserum Production Imaging services
Large Animal Facility3,000sqm Net Floor Area
Biological Resource CentreBiological Resource Centre
Ready Land & InfrastructureReady Land & Infrastructure
Tuas Biomedical ParkTuas Biomedical Park 360 ha of prepared industrial
land Ready infrastructure
provided to each site for quick start-up:– Water, electricity and
telecomms– Sewage discharge
Efficient road access and ease of transportation
Transparent and fast tracked permit process
Flexible payment: Upfront payment or annual rentals
Building a pipeline of well-trained local scientists
Creating a diverse multi-national R&D hub
International Talent
Recruitment
International Talent
Recruitment
A*STAR Scholarships &
Fellowships
A*STAR Scholarships &
Fellowships
Sir David Lane, Exec Director, IMCB and
Lady Birgitte Lane, ExecDirector, CMM
From Dundee University
Dr Edison Liu Exec Director, GIS
From National Cancer Institute,
USA
Dr Axel Ullrich Head, SOG Lab
From Max Planck Institute
Dr Alex Matter Director, NITDFrom Novartis
BS-PhDMBBS-PhD
PhDOverseas Fellowship
Biomedical Fellowship for DoctorsLocal PhD + Overseas Post-Doc
*354 BMRC and 259 SERC scholars to date
Dr Jan-Anders Karlsson
CEO, S*BioFrom Bayer
Pharma
Dr Neal Copeland and Dr Nancy Jenkins
PIs, IMCBFrom National
Cancer Institute, USA
Dr Edward Holmes and Dr Judith Swain
Joins A*STAR in Fall 2006
From UCSD
Dr Philippe Kourilsky
Chairman,SIgNFrom Institut
Pasteur
1000* scholarships & fellowships by 2010 for
BSc, MSc, PhD & Post Docs
Developing R&D Human CapitalDeveloping R&D Human CapitalPro-Global and Pro-Local ApproachPro-Global and Pro-Local Approach
International Talent Recruitment – 62 RSEs; 18 nationalities
USA Canada Britain Belgium France Germany Holland Switzerland Cameroon Ethiopia China Taiwan India Burma Malaysia Singapore Australia New Zealand
Case Study: Novartis Institute of Tropical DiseaseCase Study: Novartis Institute of Tropical DiseaseAccess to Global TalentAccess to Global Talent
1987 200320012000 2004
Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology (IMCB)
ED: Sir David Lane400 RSEs
Bioprocessing Technology
Institute (BTI)*ED: Miranda Yap
75 RSEs
Institute of Bioengineering &
Nanotechnology (IBN)ED: Jackie Ying
120 RSEs
Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS)ED: Edison Liu
220 RSEs
BioinformaticsInstitute (BII)
ED: Gunaretnam Rajagopal120 RSEs
2005 2006
Centre for Molecular Medicine
ED: Birgitte Lane
Singapore Bioimaging Consortium
Chairman: Sir George Radda
Singapore Stem Cell Consortium
Chairman: Roger Pedersen
Singapore Immunology Network
Chairman: Philippe Kourilsky
*Set-up as BTU in 1990. Became BTC in 1995, established as BTI in 2003
Core Scientific CapabilitiesCore Scientific Capabilities
2002
Institute of Chemical
Engineering Sciences (ICES)
ED: Keith Carpenter170 RSEs
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Intellectual Property ProtectionIntellectual Property Protection
Source: Political and Economic Risk Consultancy (PERC)
Most Protective IP Regime in AsiaMost Protective IP Regime in Asia
Source: Global Competitiveness Report 2004-2005, World Economic Forum
Pro-Business EnvironmentPro-Business Environment
Source: Political and Economic Risk Consultancy (PERC), July 2005
Lowest Political Risk in AsiaLowest Political Risk in Asia
Source: Doing Business in 2006, Sept 2005
Comprehensive Network of DTAsComprehensive Network of DTAs
FTAs Concluded / In Force FTAs Concluded / In Force
Upcoming FTAsUpcoming FTAs
USAASEAN NZ
Japan
Korea
Jordan
India
Australia
ASEAN-IndiaASEAN-Japan
ASEAN-China (Goods)
Qatar
Kuwait
ASEAN-Australia-NZ
Chile-NZ-Brunei
ASEAN-Korea
Peru Pakistan
Panama
Most Extensive FTA Network in AsiaMost Extensive FTA Network in Asia
Strong Growth since 2000Strong Growth since 2000
All figures are based on EDB’s preliminary estimates.Nominal growth figures providedCompounded Annual Growth Rates (CAGR) computed over 5 yearsVA = Labour Cost + Depreciation + Interest Cost + Profit before Tax + Land Cost
02000400060008000
100001200014000160001800020000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
S$ mil
BMS Mfg Output BMS VA BMS Employment
Mfg (2005): S$18.0 billionCAGR (2000-2005): 23%
VA (2005): S$9.2 billion CAGR (2000-2005): 19%
Emp (2005): 10,200CAGR (2000- 2005): 12%
Total BMS Manufacturing OutputTotal BMS Manufacturing Output
BMS ContributionBMS Contribution2005 Total Manufacturing Output and Value Added2005 Total Manufacturing Output and Value Added
Industry Total Manufacturing
Output 103 billion euro
Precision Eng9%
Biomedical Sciences
9% Electronics36%
Chemicals
32%
Industry Value-added Output
25 billion euro
Biomedical Sciences
18% Electronics37%
Chemicals14%
Figures updated February 2006VA = Net operating surplus + Depreciation + Remuneration + Indirect Taxes
TransportEng7%
Precision Eng12%
TransportEng10%
General Mfg7% General
Mfg9%
7 RSEs; 60 RSEs by 2008 Development of vaccines for
infectious diseases prevalent in Asia
21 RSEs Use in vivo functional genomics
to predict clinical utility of novel drug targets
Focused on CNS and metabolic diseases
33 RSEs Oncology biomarkers research
21 RSEs Focus on breast cancer Chugai-Biostar (Mitsui/CIEA) JV
85 RSEs Drug discovery for TB and
Dengue
55 RSEs Genomics & small molecule
technologies-based drug discovery
62 RSEs Natural products research for
drug discovery
57 RSEs Drug discovery for neuro-
degenerative diseases
35 RSEs Development of hES cells for
applications in Diabetes & CVS
13 RSEs Neuroscience R&D
20 RSEs; 200 RSEs by 2008 Chemistry process development
R&D
15 RSEs R&D in stem cell expansion
10 RSEs R&D in stem cell biology,
protein chemistry & markers
15 RSEs by 2008 Drug development for infectious
diseases
Rapid growth since 2000Rapid growth since 2000Growing Base of Drug DiscoveryGrowing Base of Drug Discovery
GSK
Paradigm Therapeutics
S-Bio
PharmaLogicals Research
Novartis
Combinatorix
ESI
Cordlife
ViaCell
Eli-Lilly
Merlion Pharma
Albany Molecular Research
Olympus-Waseda University
Singvax
R&D Beyond Drug DiscoveryR&D Beyond Drug Discovery
11 RSEsR&D of lab equipment/ analytical
instruments
50 RSEs Asian R&D Centre for Needles and
Syringes BioVenture Center: a commercial
incubator to seed medical technology & biotech start-ups
40 RSEs Thermal Cycler & Sequence
Detection System R&D Site
74 RSEs Global Hearing Aids Product
Development Center
19 RSEs Unique ‘Virtual Reality’ & ‘Real-
time’ medical imaging software technologies
19 RSEs Global Product Devt Ctr for
electrochemistry-based water analysis instruments
17 RSEs Asian R&D Centre for diagnostic &
monitoring medical instruments
10 RSEs Global R&D Centre for
cardiovascular devices e.g. stents & delivery systems
20 RSEs Neural vision correction
technology
9 RSEs R&D real time, high throughput
reaction array biochip
Med Tech Product DevelopmentMed Tech Product Development
7 RSEs Development of microfluidics
biochip
Siemens
Eutech Instruments
Neurovision
Fluidigm
WelchAllyn
Becton Dickinson
Merlin MD
Applied Biosystems
Volume Interactions - Bracco
Perkin Elmer
Attogenix
Regional Management of Clinical TrialsRegional Management of Clinical TrialsLocal: Early Phase and Complex TrialsLocal: Early Phase and Complex Trials
14 emp Phase 1-4 Trials
8 emp Phase 3 Trials Results Used in
NDA Submission
10 emp Phase 2-4 Trials
GSK and GSK Biologicals
42 emp Phase 2-4 Trials
20 emp 28 Bed Phase 1
Unit Phase 3-4 Trials
12 emp Phase 2-3 Trials Centralized Data
35 emp Phase 2-4 Trials
65 emp 31 bed Phase 1
Unit Japan Bridging
Studies
6 emp Phase 2-3 Trials Results Used in
NDA Submission
4 emp Phase 2-4 Trials Data Management
22 emp Phase 2-4 Trials Data Management
Phase 2-3 Trials
Novo Nordisk
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Schering-Plough
Eli-Lilly
BMS
Merck & Co
Astra Zeneca
Sanofi Aventis
Merck KGaA
Boehringer Ingelheim
CROs in SingaporeCROs in Singapore
Clinical Trial Management
Clinical Trial Supplies
Central Lab Services Regional Training
Clinical Trial Management
Central Lab Services Electronic Data
Capture
Clinical Trial Management
Site Management Biometrics Bioequivalence
Clinical Trial Management
Central Lab Services
Local Start-up Central Lab
Partnership with LabCorp
Clinical Trial Management
Central Lab Services
Taiwanese CRO Large Presence in
China
Clinical Trial Management
Clinical Trial Management
Clinical Trial Management Regulatory Affairs
Consultation Monitoring
Japanese CRO 2nd largest in Japan
Clinical trials supplies
Fisher Clinical Services
Storage, logistics, labeling, returns/destruction, courier selection
Quintilles
CRC
Apex International
PPD
Covance Icon
Ever Progressing System
Fisher Clinical Services
MDS Pharma Services
Phoenixpcs.com
PharmaNet
Omnicare
Aptuit
63 emp South Asia Business
HQ Asia-Pac IT HQ Supply Chain Mgmt
Centre
Regional HeadquartersRegional Headquarters
23 emp Asia-Pac Business HQ
and Clinical Research HQ
65 emp SE Asia Business HQ
and Clinical Research HQ
14 emp Asia-Pac Business
HQ and Clinical Devt HQ
20 emp Asia-Pac Business HQ
and Clinical Research HQ
45 emp Asia-Pac Business HQ
and Clinical Research HQ
160 emp SE Asia Business HQ IT & Technical Centre
51 emp Asia-Pac Business HQ
and Clinical Research HQ
40 emp Asia-Pac Business HQ
and Clinical Research HQ
50 emp Asia-Pac HQ
5 emp Asia-Pac Business HQ
80 emp Asia-Pac Supply
Chain Mgmt Centre
70 emp Asia-Pac Business HQ
and Clinical Research HQ
230 emp Business HQ Regional Supply
Chain Centre for Consumer
Business
75 emp Asia-Pac Business
HQ
90 emp Asia-Pac Business HQ Clinical Research HQ Supply Chain Mgmt
5 emp South East Asia
Business HQ
GSK
Astra Zeneca
Novo Nordisk
Schering Plough
Sanofi Aventis
Roche Diagnostics
Johnson & Johnson
Bayer
Schering
Boston Scientific
Merck
Novartis
BMS
Siemens Medical Solutions
Genzyme
Miltenyi Biotec
Boehringer Ingelheim
>S$1 bil, 600 emp 5 Chemical Bulk Actives
Plants Chemical Process Devt
Plant Bacterial Vaccines Plant >S$300 mil, >200 emp
by 2010
Strategic Global Manufacturing Site Strategic Global Manufacturing Site
S$600 mil, 260 emp Chemical Bulk Actives
Plant
>S$1.5 bil, 800 emp 3 Chemical Bulk Actives Plants Tablet Facility Biologics Fill & Finish Pilot Plant Chemical Process R&D Centre
S$1 bil, 280 emp Chemical Bulk Actives Plant Tablet Facility
S$300 mil, proj 160 emp by 2008 Pharmaceutical Formulation
Plant
S$360 mil, 470 emp Infant Formula Plant
Projected 200 emp by 2010 Contract Biologics Manufacturer
S$190 mil, 140 emp Chemical Bulk Actives Plant
S$200 mil, 88 emp Antibiotic Intermediates Plant
S$10 mil, 70 emp Biologics process devt and contract manufacturer
S$450 mil, proj >100 emp by 2009 Nutritional Powder Plant
GSK
Pfizer
Wyeth
Schering Plough
Novartis
Sanofi Aventis
Abott
Kaneka
A-Bio
Lonza Group
Merck
Phase II: 2006 - 2010Phase II: 2006 - 2010
PHARMACEUTICALS MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
BIOTECHNOLOGY
HEALTHCARESERVICES & DELIVERY
Genomics & Proteomics
Bioprocessing
Chemical Synthesis
Molecular & Cell Biology
Bioengineering &Nanotechnology
Computational Biology
Industry Sectors
Industry Sectors
Stem
Cel
ls
Bioimaging
Biomarkers
Drug D
isco
very
TRANSLATIONAL TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCHRESEARCH
CLINICAL CLINICAL RESEARCHRESEARCH
Focus on R&D Additional 0.7 bil euro of
funding to build up clinical and translational research in Singapore
Education, Infrastructure and Research
NRFNational Research
Foundation
10
12
12
12
10
16
12
8
36
14
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Australia
Singapore
Hong Kong
Thailand
New Zealand
Taiw an
Malaysia
Philippines
China
Average
Study Approval Timeline (weeks)
Fast Regulatory Approval TimesFast Regulatory Approval Times
Health Sciences Authority Initiative Parallel submissions to IRB and HSA by 1Q 06 To shorten approval timeframe to 4 wks
Source: Industry Feedback
Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMM)Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMM)
Joint research program between A*STARand the Max Planck Society, Germany
Focus Extensive characterization of Human
Cancer Kinome in a large number of cancer cell lines and primary tumors
Investigate clinical relevance of new oncogenes
Development of novel “smart drugs” and testing in animal models
Team Leader: Dr Axel UllrichDirector of the Department of MolecularBiology, Max Planck Institute ofBiochem
World-renowned for development ofHumulin and Herceptin, as drugs fortreatment of diabetes and breast cancerrespectively
Singapore OncoGenome Singapore OncoGenome ProjectProject
Translational Research Programs: • Singapore Oncogenome Project• Regenerative Medicine• Immunology• Virology• Epithelial Biology• Genetic Medicine
Singapore Immunology Network Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN)(SIgN)
Objectives• Build critical mass in immunology and coordinate basic,
translational and clinical research
• Establish productive links with other local initiatives within Biopolis and across Singapore
• Establish relationships with leading worldwide institutions and obtain international recognition
Major Focus• Build up a strong platform in basic human immunology research
with emphasis on systems biology approaches
• Support both national and international collaborations(Particularly in cancer immunotherapy, autoimmune disorders, allergy, transplantation and infectious diseases)
Prof Philippe Kourilsky
Chairman, SIgN
Singapore Stem Cell Consortium (SSCC) Singapore Stem Cell Consortium (SSCC) OBJECTIVES To establish an internationally recognized national R&D platform via coordinating stem cell research in Singapore To develop a critical mass of stem cell researchers in Singapore through training and recruitment To expedite the discovery of new stem cell therapies and translational medicine opportunities
R&D Focus Areas Developmental and Stem Cell Biology research Translational research Clinical applications
Infrastructure / Resource Development cGMP Cell Processing Facility Stem Cell Bank High content imaging
Funding 35 million euro over next 3 yrs
in infrastructure and grants
Prof Roger Pedersen
Chairman, SSCC
Public and Commercial Public and Commercial Stem Cell Research in Singapore Stem Cell Research in Singapore
CENTRE OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Neural Stem Cell Lab
BIOPROCESSING TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTEStem Cell Group
INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY Stem Cell and Tissue Repair Lab
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPOREDept of Obstetics and Gynaecology
Tissue & Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory
Early stage basic stem cell research for the whole of ViaCell Inc; 20 full time employees
Ex vivo stem cell expansion platformOwns and operates Cordlife, a leading umbilical cord blood bank in Asia-Pac
Led by Dr Alan Colman, creator of Dolly the Sheep; 50 full time employees
Wound healing and diabetes
ES Cell International
ViaCell
Cygenics
John Hopkins Cell Research Group
Tertiary/Quarternary Care Services
Secondary Care Services
Allied Health/Complementary
Medicine
Medical WellnessAnd Screening
Healthcare Services Hub
Attracting high volume of patients with high quality &
cost effective healthcare
Clinical Sciences HubDeveloping an enduring brand name built on pre-
eminent research output & education excellence
Economies of scale and learning efficiencies
Leadership position in marketplace
to create differentiation
SingaporeMedicine initiativeSingaporeMedicine initiative
2004 International Patient Arrivals2004 International Patient Arrivals
2002 2003 2004 2006 2012
Visitor Arrivals
211,600 229,800 320,000 400,000 1,000,000
Tourism Receipts (S$mil)
420 542 tbc 920 3,000
Source: Singapore Tourism Board
TARGETS
Thank you!