single-layer mos2 nanopores as nanopower...
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Single-layer MoS2 nanopores as nanopower generators
Aleksandra Radenovic
EPFL – Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
Bioengineering Institute Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology
Barcelona, Graphene 2017. March 29th 2017.
Nature inspired nanoengineering
Nature creates nano-stuctures
Biological systems are an existing proof of molecular nanotechnology.
The Biology is an ingenious form of nanotechnology
Cell compartmentalization
Pores –ion channels
Biopolymer translocations
2
Engineered nanopores
Nanopores- as sensors
Nanopores – in filtration
Nanopores – as powergenerators
3
Nanopores
Wanunu, M. (2012). Nanopores: A journey towards DNA
sequencing. Physics of Life Reviews, 9(2), 125–158. 4
Nanopores - materials
Nanopore material – dictates application
Silicon nitride nanopores – gold standard for solid state nanopores 5-20 nm thick
2D material nanopores: graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-0.3-0-7 nm thick
Glass/Quartz nanocapillaries
5
Nanopore sensitivity - geometry
Kowalczyk et al. Nanotechnology 2011.
l
d
l
d
6
CVD grown MoS2
Dumenco et al. ACS Nano 2015. 7
1 nm
Feng et al. Nano Lett. 15 (5), 2015.
Nanopores from CVD grown MoS2
8
MoS2 nanopores conductivity
Liu et al. ACS Nano 2014.
Linear current voltage characteristics
20 nm
5 nm
9
1 nm
Feng et al. Nano Lett. 15 (5), 2015.
Nanopores from CVD grown MoS2
10
Electrochemical etching of monolayer MoS2
1 nm1 nm1 nm
Feng, et al. Nano Lett. 15 (5), 2015.11
Electrochemical etching of monolayer MoS2
1 nm1 nm1 nm
2
2 2 3 411 2 22 18MoS H O MoO SO H e
Feng, et al. Nano Lett. 15 (5), 2015.12
Electrochemical etching of monolayer MoS2
1 nm1 nm1 nm
1
2
4 1LG
d d
Vcritical ~ 0.8-2 V
2
2 2 3 411 2 22 18MoS H O MoO SO H e
Feng, et al. Nano Lett. 15 (5), 2015.13
Using dsDNA and ssDNA translocations to verify the size of nanopores
14
Enabling technology
15
Blue energy
salinity gradient
worldwide potential: 2.4-2.6 TW
16
Technologies in use
Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO)
Water selective membraneStratkraft SF, Tofte, NorwayMegaTon -Japan
RED (reverse electrodialysis)
Ion selective membraneRedStack, Afsluitdijk, the Netherlands
17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmotic_power
Common membranes
Low efficiency- a few Watts per meter squared of membranes for sea/river combination
18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmotic_power
Boron Nitride Nanotube based powergenerators
Siria
, A., e
t al.
& B
ocquet,
L.
(20
13
)N
atu
re,
494(7
438),
455–458.
19
Boron Nitride Nanotube
2013 –improved efficiency
Siria, A., et al. & Bocquet, L. (2013) Nature, 494(7438), 455–458. 20
Our approach
Boron nitride nanotube
L
Tunable d
MoS2 membrane with a single nanopore
21d
L=0.7 nm
Overview of osmotic power generator
Exploiting osmotic potential from a salt concentration gradient
Pores drilled using TEM or ECR
Varied ∆C
Varied Surface Charge by adjusting pH
MD- Simulations to confirm results
cis Ag/AgClelectrode
trans+−
MoS2
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n
Mo
tio
n o
f io
ns
-
A
5 nmSiria, A., Bocquet, L. et. al. Nature 2013
Feng et al. Nature 2016 22
Osmotic power generation
Feng et al. Nature 2016
( ) lncis
KClos is trans
KCl
RT aV f
F a
2 ( )ln
cis
B KClos trans
B KCl
rf k T aI
L a
23
Osmotic power generation
Feng et al. Nature 2016
( ) lncis
KClos is trans
KCl
RT aV f
F a
2 ( )ln
cis
B KClos trans
B KCl
rf k T aI
L a
24
Osmotic power generation
The role of pH (3-11)
Feng et al. Nature 2016 25
Molecular-dynamics-simulation
Feng et al. Nature 2016 26
Osmotic power generation
Self-powered system
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 =𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑅𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑅𝑃 + 𝑅𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
2
Feng et al. Nature 201627
Conclusion
2D material membranes
ideal size of the pore:
10nm
single pore power:
1-10 nW
28
LBEN Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology
Prof. Andras Kis
Starting PorABELConsolidator Bionic
Prof. N.R. Aluru
29
BIONIC Potential
Control of translocation speed for all molecules not only ssDNA or RNA
Optimal speed for sequncing
Ability to electrochemically control the size of the nanopores
Nanofluidc quantum effects
Ionic Coulomb blockade
RT Single ion transistor
30