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SISTEM KENDALI LIFT 3 LANTAI
MENGGUNAKAN PLC TWIDO
Tugas Akhir
Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan Dalam Menyelesaikan
Pendidikan Strata 1 Program Studi Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto
Disusun Oleh :
Nama : Dwi Sahidin
NIM : 1103030007
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK ELEKTRO
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PURWOKERTO
2016
Sistem Kendali Lift..., Dwi Sahidin, Fakultas Teknik UMP, 2016
Sistem Kendali Lift..., Dwi Sahidin, Fakultas Teknik UMP, 2016
Sistem Kendali Lift..., Dwi Sahidin, Fakultas Teknik UMP, 2016
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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN
Yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini :
Nama : Dwi Sahidin
NIM : 1103030007
Prodi : Teknik Elektro
Fakultas : Teknik
Universitas : Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto
Menyatakan dengan sebenar-benarnya bahwa tugas akhir ini adalah hasil
karya sendiri dan bukan hasil penjiplakan dari hasil karya orang lain.
Demikian surat pernyataan ini saya buat, dan apabila kelak dikemudian
hari terbukti ada unsur penjiplakan, maka saya bersedia mempertanggung
jawabkan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku.
Purwokerto, Februari 2016
Yang menyatakan,
Dwi Sahidin
1103030007
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KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas rahmat, karunia, dan hidayah-Nya,
sehingga Tugas Akhir yang berjudul “Sistem Kendali Lift 3 Lantai Menggunakan
PLC TWIDO” dapat diselesaikan dengan baik.
Penyusunan laporan ini sebagai salah satu syarat dalam menyelesaikan
pendidikan strata 1 Program Studi Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknik Universitas
Muhammadiyah Purwokerto.
Bantuan dan dukungan dari berbagai pihak sangat membantu dalam
terselesaikannya laporan Tugas Akhir ini. Oleh karena itu ucapan terima kasih
disampaikan kepada:
1. Bapak M. Taufiq Tamam, S.T., M.T. selaku Ketua Program Studi Teknik
Elektro Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto dan
dosen pembimbing dalam penyusunan laporan Tugas Akhir ini.
2. Bapak Winarso, S.T., M.Eng. selaku dosen pembimbing I dalam
penyusunan laporan Tugas Akhir ini.
3. Bapak Itmi Hidayat K., S.T., M.Eng. selaku dosen pembimbing II dalam
penyusunan laporan Tugas Akhir ini.
4. Bapak Latiful Hayat, S.T., M.T. selaku dosen pembimbing akademik
mahasiswa angkatan 2011.
5. Kedua orang tua yang senantiasa memberikan dukungan baik berupa
materi maupun non-materi.
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6. Semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyusunan laporan Tugas
Akhir ini yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu.
Laporan Tugas Akhir ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna dan masih banyak
kekurangannya. Oleh karena itu, diharapkan adanya masukan berupa kritik dan
saran yang bersifat membangun, sehingga dapat bermanfaat dimasa mendatang.
Semoga hasil laporan Tugas Akhir ini dapat bermanfaat bagi para pembaca dan
untuk kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi.
Purwokerto, Februari 2016
Penyusun
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INTISARI
Pada era globalisasi sekarang ini, banyak bangunan gedung bertingkat
tinggi dengan skala ketinggian berbeda-beda. Hal ini juga dikarenakan untuk
memudahkan aktivitas masyarakat pada satu tempat yang sama, sehingga perlu
dilakukan suatu perancangan sistem pengendali Lift yang berfungsi sebagai alat
transportasi vertikal penghubung antar lantai suatu gedung. Simulasi Lift ini
terdiri dari magnetic reed switch, push button switch dan driver motor stepper
yang diatur oleh Programmable Logic Control (PLC) sebagai pengendali
keseluruhan sistem. Driver motor stepper berfungsi sebagai pengatur arah putaran
motor. Sedangkan untuk magnetic reed switch digunakan sebagai pendeteksi
keberadaan Lift disetiap lantainya dan digunakan sebagai pendeteksi adanya
kapasitas beban lebih pada lantai Lift. Dalam proses pengendaliannya, Lift akan
bergerak secara vertikal baik itu bergerak naik ataupun bergerak turun sesuai
masukan push button switch.
Kata kunci: Lift, Motor Stepper, Programmable Logic Control (PLC).
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ABSTRACT
In the current of globalization, many high-rise buildings have different
heights scale. This is also due to facilitate the activities of the society at the same
place, so we needs Elevator control system design that serves as a liaison between
the vertical transportation means floor of a building. Elevator simulation consists
of magnetic reed switches, push button switch and stepper motor drivers are
regulated by a Programmable Logic Control (PLC) as the controller of the whole
system. Stepper motor driver functions as a regulator of motor rotation direction.
The magnetic reed switch is use to detector of the presence of the elevator on
each floor and to be load censor capacity on the elevator floor. In the process
control, the elevator will move vertically either moving up or moving down
appropriates input push button switch.
Keywords: Elevator, Stepper Motor, Programmable Logic Control (PLC).
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL .............................................................................................. i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ................................................................................... ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................... iii
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ................................................................................... iv
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... v
INTISARI ............................................................................................................. vii
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xvi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1. Latar Belakang .............................................................................. 1
1.2. Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................... 3
1.3. Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................... 3
1.4. Batasan Masalah ........................................................................... 4
1.5. Metode Perancangan ..................................................................... 4
1.6. Sistematika Penulisan ................................................................... 6
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI
2.1. Tinjauan Pustaka ........................................................................... 7
2.2. Catu Daya ...................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 Penyearah Gelombang Penuh Sistem Jembatan ............. 11
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2.2.2 Regulator Tegangan ........................................................ 14
2.3 Saklar Tombol Tekan (Push Button Switch) ............................... 14
2.4 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) ..................................... 16
2.4.1 Struktur PLC ................................................................... 17
2.4.1.1 Central Processing Unit ............................................ 17
2.4.1.2 Memori ...................................................................... 17
2.4.1.3 Modul I/O .................................................................. 18
2.4.2 Operasi PLC .................................................................... 19
2.4.3 Pemrograman PLC TWIDO ............................................ 20
2.4.3.1 Pemrograman Menggunakan Diagram Ladder ......... 20
2.4.3.2 Instruksi Utama Diagram Ladder .............................. 26
2.4.3.2.1 Kontak ................................................................ 26
2.4.3.2.2 Coil ..................................................................... 27
2.4.3.3 Link Elements ........................................................ 28
2.4.3.4 Prinsip Pemrograman TwidoSuite ................... 29
2.4.3.4.1 Input ................................................................... 29
2.4.3.4.2 Output ................................................................ 29
2.4.3.4.3 Internal Bits ........................................................ 30
2.4.3.4.4 Membuat Pengalamatan (Addressing) ............... 31
2.4.3.4.5 Timer .................................................................. 32
2.4.3.4.6 Counter ............................................................... 33
2.4.3.4.7 Compare Block ................................................... 34
2.5 Mikrokontroler ATTINY 2313 ................................................... 34
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2.6 Relay ........................................................................................... 36
2.7 Sensor Reed Switch ..................................................................... 40
2.8 Motor Stepper ............................................................................. 41
2.9 Light Emitting Diode (LED) ....................................................... 45
BAB III PERANCANGAN SISTEM
3.1 Gambaran Umum ........................................................................ 47
3.2 Diagram Alur Sistem .................................................................. 48
3.3 Catu Daya .................................................................................... 49
3.4 Peralatan Input ............................................................................ 51
3.4.1 Sensor Reed Switch.......................................................... 51
3.4.2 Push Button Switch .......................................................... 53
3.5 Programmable Logic Control (PLC) .......................................... 54
3.5.1 Diagram Alir .................................................................... 57
3.6 Relay ........................................................................................... 58
3.7 Driver Motor ............................................................................... 59
3.8 Peralatan Output .......................................................................... 61
3.8.1 Motor stepper................................................................... 61
3.8.2 Lampu Indikator .............................................................. 61
3.9 Gambar Maket ............................................................................ 62
BAB IV PENGUJIAN DAN ANALISA
4.1 Analisa Umum ............................................................................ 63
4.2 Pengujian Alat ............................................................................. 63
4.2.1 Pengujian Catu Daya ....................................................... 64
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4.2.2 Pengujian Peralatan Input ............................................... 66
4.2.2.1 Sensor Reed Switch .................................................. 66
4.2.2.2 Push Button Switch .................................................. 67
4.2.3 Analisa Programable Logic Control (PLC) .................... 67
4.2.3.1 Analisa Software TwidoSuite .................................. 68
4.2.3.2 Analisis Program Ladder ......................................... 68
4.2.4 Relay ............................................................................. 105
4.2.5 Analisa Driver Motor .................................................... 105
4.2.6 Peralatan Output ............................................................ 108
4.2.5.1 Motor Stepper ........................................................ 108
4.2.3.2 Lampu Indikator ..................................................... 109
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................... 111
5.2 Saran ......................................................................................... 112
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 113
LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Grafik Tegangan AC dan DC ........................................................ 10
Gambar 2.2 Penyearah dengan Sistem Jembatan .............................................. 11
Gambar 2.3 Prinsip Kerja Penyearah Gelombang Penuh Sistem Jembatan ....... 12
Gambar 2.4 Filter Penyearah Gelombang Penuh Sistem Jembatan .................. 13
Gambar 2.5 Kondisi Push Button Switch .......................................................... 15
Gambar 2.6 Icon TwidoSuite ............................................................................ 21
Gambar 2.7 Tampilan Menu Twidosuite ........................................................... 21
Gambar 2.8 Pilihan Project Management .......................................................... 22
Gambar 2.9 Mengisikan Nama Project dan Directory ...................................... 23
Gambar 2.10 Pilih „Describe‟ untuk Setting PLC ............................................... 23
Gambar 2.11 Layar Setting PLC ......................................................................... 24
Gambar 2.12 Pilih Program untuk Membuat Program PLC ............................... 24
Gambar 2.13 Tampilan Pertama Editor Diagram Ladder ................................... 25
Gambar 2.14 Editor Ladder Beserta Fungsi Dasar PLC ..................................... 26
Gambar 2.15 Blok Fungsi Timer......................................................................... 33
Gambar 2.16 Blok Fungsi Counter ..................................................................... 33
Gambar 2.17 Blok Diagram Mikrokontroler....................................................... 35
Gambar 2.18 Konfigurasi Pin Mikrokontroler ATtiny2313 ............................... 36
Gambar 2.19 Bagian-bagian Relay ..................................................................... 37
Gambar 2.20 Magnetic Reed Switch ................................................................... 40
Gambar 2.21 Susunan Koil Motor Stepper Unipolar .......................................... 43
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Gambar 2.22 Susunan LED ................................................................................. 46
Gambar 3.1 Diagram Blok Lift ......................................................................... 48
Gambar 3.2 Rangkaian Catu Daya .................................................................... 50
Gambar 3.3 Rangkaian Pengawatan Sensor Reed Switch ................................. 52
Gambar 3.4 Rangkaian Pengawatan Push Button ............................................. 53
Gambar 3.5 Rangkaian Pengawatan PLC ......................................................... 56
Gambar 3.6 Diagram Alir Proses Kerja Lift ..................................................... 57
Gambar 3.7 Rangkaian Pengawatan Relay ....................................................... 59
Gambar 3.8 Rangkaian Penggerak Motor ......................................................... 60
Gambar 3.9 Maket Simulasi Lift 3 Lantai.......................................................... 62
Gambar 4.1 Pengukuran Oscilloscope Catu Daya Mikrokontroler................... 64
Gambar 4.2 Pengukuran Oscilloscope Catu Daya Motor Stepper .................... 65
Gambar 4.3 Uji Wiring PLC ............................................................................. 67
Gambar 4.4 Analyze Program pada Software TwidoSuite ............................... 68
Gambar 4.5 Simulation Program pada Software TwidoSuite........................... 69
Gambar 4.6 Network 1 ...................................................................................... 69
Gambar 4.7 Network 2 ...................................................................................... 70
Gambar 4.8 Network 3 ...................................................................................... 71
Gambar 4.9 Network 4 ...................................................................................... 72
Gambar 4.10 Network 5 ...................................................................................... 73
Gambar 4.11 Network 6 ...................................................................................... 74
Gambar 4.12 Network 7 ...................................................................................... 75
Gambar 4.13 Network 8 ...................................................................................... 76
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Gambar 4.14 Network 9 ...................................................................................... 77
Gambar 4.15 Network 10 ................................................................................... 78
Gambar 4.16 Network 11 .................................................................................... 78
Gambar 4.17 Network 12 .................................................................................... 79
Gambar 4.18 Network 13 .................................................................................... 80
Gambar 4.19 Network 14 .................................................................................... 81
Gambar 4.20 Network 15 .................................................................................... 81
Gambar 4.21 Network 16 .................................................................................... 82
Gambar 4.22 Network 17 .................................................................................... 83
Gambar 4.23 Network 18 .................................................................................... 84
Gambar 4.24 Network 19 .................................................................................... 85
Gambar 4.25 Network 20 .................................................................................... 86
Gambar 4.26 Network 21 .................................................................................... 87
Gambar 4.27 Network 22 .................................................................................... 87
Gambar 4.28 Network 23 .................................................................................... 88
Gambar 4.29 Network 24 .................................................................................... 89
Gambar 4.30 Network 25 .................................................................................... 89
Gambar 4.31 Network 26 .................................................................................... 90
Gambar 4.32 Network 27 .................................................................................... 91
Gambar 4.33 Network 28 .................................................................................... 91
Gambar 4.34 Network 29 .................................................................................... 92
Gambar 4.35 Network 30 .................................................................................... 93
Gambar 4.36 Network 31 .................................................................................... 93
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Gambar 4.37 Network 32 .................................................................................... 94
Gambar 4.38 Network 33 .................................................................................... 95
Gambar 4.39 Network 34 .................................................................................... 95
Gambar 4.40 Network 35 .................................................................................... 96
Gambar 4.41 Network 36 .................................................................................... 97
Gambar 4.42 Network 37 .................................................................................... 97
Gambar 4.43 Network 38 .................................................................................... 98
Gambar 4.44 Network 39 .................................................................................... 99
Gambar 4.45 Network 40 .................................................................................... 99
Gambar 4.46 Network 41 .................................................................................. 100
Gambar 4.47 Network 42 .................................................................................. 101
Gambar 4.48 Network 43 .................................................................................. 101
Gambar 4.49 Network 44 .................................................................................. 102
Gambar 4.50 Network 45 .................................................................................. 103
Gambar 4.51 Network 46 .................................................................................. 103
Gambar 4.52 Network 47 .................................................................................. 104
Gambar 4.53 Pengukuran Keluaran Driver Motor Searah Jarum Jam .............. 106
Gambar 4.54 Pengukuran Keluaran Driver Motor Lawan Arah Jarum ........... 107
Gambar 4.24 Rangkaian Driver Motor Stepper ................................................ 109
Gambar 4.25 Lampu Indikator ............................................................................ 110
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Daftar Tipe Instruksi Compare Block ........................................... 34
Tabel 2.2 Pola 1-Phase Putaran Motor Stepper Unipolar.............................. 44
Tabel 2.3 Pemberian Tegangan untuk Operasi Full-Step .............................. 44
Tabel 2.4 Pemberian Tegangan untuk Operasi Half-Step ............................. 45
Tabel 3.1 Kebutuhan Tegangan ..................................................................... 50
Tabel 3.2 Perencanaan Sensor Lift ................................................................ 52
Tabel 3.3 Perencanaan Push Button Switch .................................................. 53
Tabel 3.4 Perencanaan Input PLC ................................................................. 54
Tabel 3.5 Perencanaan Output PLC .............................................................. 55
Tabel 3.6 Perencanaan Penggerak Motor ...................................................... 61
Tabel 3.7 Perencanaan Lampu Indikator Lift ................................................ 62
Tabel 4.1 Alat Penguji Sistem ....................................................................... 63
Tabel 4.2 Hasil Pengukuran Parameter Transformator ................................. 64
Tabel 4.3 Tabel Kebenaran Network 1 .......................................................... 70
Tabel 4.4 Tabel Kebenaran Network 2 ........................................................... 71
Tabel 4.5 Tabel Kebenaran Network 3 .......................................................... 72
Tabel 4.6 Tabel Kebenaran Network 4 ........................................................... 73
Tabel 4.7 Tabel Kebenaran Network 5 .......................................................... 74
Tabel 4.8 Tabel Kebenaran Network 6 ........................................................... 75
Tabel 4.9 Tabel Kebenaran Network 7 .......................................................... 76
Tabel 4.10 Tabel Kebenaran Network 8 ........................................................... 76
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Tabel 4.11 Tabel Kebenaran Network 9 .......................................................... 77
Tabel 4.12 Tabel Kebenaran Network 10 ......................................................... 78
Tabel 4.13 Tabel Kebenaran Network 11 ........................................................ 79
Tabel 4.14 Tabel Kebenaran Network 12 ......................................................... 79
Tabel 4.15 Tabel Kebenaran Network 13 ........................................................ 80
Tabel 4.16 Tabel Kebenaran Network 14 ......................................................... 81
Tabel 4.17 Tabel Kebenaran Network 15 ........................................................ 82
Tabel 4.18 Tabel Kebenaran Network 16 ......................................................... 82
Tabel 4.19 Tabel Kebenaran Network 17 ........................................................ 83
Tabel 4.20 Tabel Kebenaran Network 18 ......................................................... 84
Tabel 4.21 Tabel Kebenaran Network 19 ......................................................... 85
Tabel 4.22 Tabel Kebenaran Network 20 ......................................................... 86
Tabel 4.23 Tabel Kebenaran Network 21 ......................................................... 87
Tabel 4.24 Tabel Kebenaran Network 22 ......................................................... 88
Tabel 4.25 Tabel Kebenaran Network 23 ......................................................... 88
Tabel 4.26 Tabel Kebenaran Network 24 ......................................................... 89
Tabel 4.27 Tabel Kebenaran Network 25 ......................................................... 90
Tabel 4.28 Tabel Kebenaran Network 26 ......................................................... 90
Tabel 4.29 Tabel Kebenaran Network 27 ......................................................... 91
Tabel 4.30 Tabel Kebenaran Network 28 ......................................................... 92
Tabel 4.31 Tabel Kebenaran Network 29 ......................................................... 92
Tabel 4.32 Tabel Kebenaran Network 30 ......................................................... 93
Tabel 4.33 Tabel Kebenaran Network 31 ......................................................... 94
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Tabel 4.34 Tabel Kebenaran Network 32 ......................................................... 94
Tabel 4.35 Tabel Kebenaran Network 33 ......................................................... 95
Tabel 4.36 Tabel Kebenaran Network 34 ......................................................... 96
Tabel 4.37 Tabel Kebenaran Network 35 ......................................................... 96
Tabel 4.38 Tabel Kebenaran Network 36 ......................................................... 97
Tabel 4.39 Tabel Kebenaran Network 37 ......................................................... 98
Tabel 4.40 Tabel Kebenaran Network 38 ......................................................... 98
Tabel 4.41 Tabel Kebenaran Network 39 ......................................................... 99
Tabel 4.42 Tabel Kebenaran Network 40 ....................................................... 100
Tabel 4.43 Tabel Kebenaran Network 41 ....................................................... 100
Tabel 4.44 Tabel Kebenaran Network 42 ....................................................... 101
Tabel 4.45 Tabel Kebenaran Network 43 ....................................................... 102
Tabel 4.46 Tabel Kebenaran Network 44 ....................................................... 102
Tabel 4.47 Tabel Kebenaran Network 45 ....................................................... 103
Tabel 4.48 Tabel Kebenaran Network 46 ....................................................... 104
Tabel 4.49 Tabel Kebenaran Network 47 ....................................................... 105
Tabel 4.50 Pengujian Relay ........................................................................... 105
Tabel 4.51 Pemberian Tegangan Motor Berputar Searah Jarum Jam ........... 107
Tabel 4.52 Pemberian Tegangan Motor Berputar Lawan Arah Jarum Jam .. 108
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