sistem teori keluarga
DESCRIPTION
PsikoterapiTRANSCRIPT
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FAMILY SYSTEMS THEORY
By Jason S. Wrench
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What is a System?
• Ludwig Von Bertalanffy (1968)
“Set[s] of elements standing in interrelation among themselves and with the environment”
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Systems Theory Development
• Miller 1978– Called for a living systems theory
• Broderick & Smith (1979)– Published the first article applying systems
theory to family scholarship
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Common Components of Family Systems
Theory
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Non-Summativity
• The whole is Greater than the sum of its parts.
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Genograms
Male Female
55 57
m. 79
82 9087
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Genograms
Male Female
55 57
s. 92
82 9087
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Genograms
Male Female
55 57
d. 97
82 9087
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Genograms
Male Female
55-99 57
d. 97
82 9087
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Circular Causality
• Family members are interrelated
• Not linear (A affects B)
• A & B affect each other
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GALVIN AND BROMMEL (1996)
Parents ignoreDaughter
DaughterShoplifts
ParentsPay MoreAttention
DaughterBehaves MoreAcceptably
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Equifinality
• Families may react similarly to the same experience or achieve outcomes by very different processes.
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System types
• Sub system
• Supra system
Boundaries
• Open
• Closed
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Family HomeostasisBradshaw (1988)
• Family Homeostasis (1957)
• Families try to cooperate within the family in order to keep the family at homeostasis.
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Morphogenisis
• Ability to adapt and be flexible to stressors
Morphostasis
• Tendency for a system to stay at equilibrium
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Applying Family Systems Theory to Family Stressors
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Family Crisis
• Roberts (1991) 3 Types of Crises
1. Hazardous event
2. Threat to Life Goals
3. Inability to respond with adequate coping mechanisms
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STRESSOR
SYSTEM
NEED TO CHANGE
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Pittman’s (1987)Four Types of Stressors
• Bolt from the Blue
• Developmental
• Structural
• Caretaker
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3 Approaches to Family System
Theory Research
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Interactional View
• How families interact through message transactions
Structural View
• Focuses on dyadic social organization and role structure within the family system.
• How do families regulate boundaries.
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Constructivist View
• How does the family construct its particular social reality
• Narratives and stores that families construct from their own experience
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LIMITATIONS
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1. Family Systems Theory has not resulted in a body of specific theoretical assertions or hypothesis which can be tested. (Broderick & Smith, 1979; Fitzpatrick and Noller, 1993).
2. Family Systems Theory may best be viewed as a metaphor for thinking about the family (Fitzpatrick and Noller, 1993).
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Turner & West (1998)Limitations
• Too much focus on homeostasis at expense of change
• Too much focus on patterns at the expense of unpredictability
• Too much focus on the system at at the expense of the individuals
• A positivistic intellectual tradition that puts the researcher outside the system in search of the truth.
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CASESTUDY
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This Presentation was Created by Jason Wrench
OAD SPEAKERS, Inc.
Copyright 1999