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Sistemi locali di welfare Lavinia Bifulco

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Page 1: Sistemi locali di welfare Lavinia Bifulco. Europa 2020 The European Union is working hard to move decisively beyond the crisis and create the conditions

Sistemi locali di welfare

Lavinia Bifulco

Page 2: Sistemi locali di welfare Lavinia Bifulco. Europa 2020 The European Union is working hard to move decisively beyond the crisis and create the conditions

Europa 2020

The European Union is working hard to move decisively beyond the crisis and create the conditions for a more competitive economy with higher employment.

The Europe 2020 strategy is about delivering growth that is: smart, through more effective investments in education, research and innovation; sustainable, thanks to a decisive move towards a low-carbon economy; and inclusive, with a strong emphasis on job creation and poverty reduction. The strategy is focused on five ambitious goals in the areas of employment, innovation, education, poverty reduction and climate/energy.

To ensure that the Europe 2020 strategy delivers, a strong and effective system of economic governance has been set up to coordinate policy actions between the EU and national levels.

Page 3: Sistemi locali di welfare Lavinia Bifulco. Europa 2020 The European Union is working hard to move decisively beyond the crisis and create the conditions

Europa 2020

-       il 75% delle persone di età compresa tra 20 e 64 anni deve avere un lavoro;-       il 3% del PIL dell’UE deve essere investito in ricerca e sviluppo (R&S);-      -       il tasso di abbandono scolastico deve essere inferiore al 10% e almeno il 40% dei giovani deve avere una laurea o un diploma; .-       20 milioni di persone in meno devono essere a rischio povertà.

Page 4: Sistemi locali di welfare Lavinia Bifulco. Europa 2020 The European Union is working hard to move decisively beyond the crisis and create the conditions

Social investment welfare state

Politiche per il capitale umano, sostegno all’occupazione (per es. donne) e inserimento nel mdl

Page 5: Sistemi locali di welfare Lavinia Bifulco. Europa 2020 The European Union is working hard to move decisively beyond the crisis and create the conditions

Social investment welfare state

Politiche per l’investimento sociale (social investment welfare state) • Le politiche sociali come un fattore produttivo,

come un fattore per lo sviluppo economico

Page 6: Sistemi locali di welfare Lavinia Bifulco. Europa 2020 The European Union is working hard to move decisively beyond the crisis and create the conditions

Social investment welfare state

La via nordica: protezione sociale promozione sociale

La via anglosassone..

Altre

Page 7: Sistemi locali di welfare Lavinia Bifulco. Europa 2020 The European Union is working hard to move decisively beyond the crisis and create the conditions

A. Hemerijck, 2012, When Changing Welfare Statesand the Eurocrisis Meet

There is great potential for employment and productivity growth, if people are skilled or the new jobs and families are supported by good quality child care and work family reconciliation arrangements. High lifetime labor force participation at high levels of productivity is the single most important macroeconomic prerequisite for maintaining living standards while sustaining inclusive welfare states, and thereby citizen wellbeing. The task of employment and social policy systems should foremost support the development of each person, with measures tailored to people’s capabilities and needs, and thereby enabling them to reach their full potential. The key challenge is to devise policy portfolios that not only address “new” and “old” social risks adequately, but equally important is to connect such an endeavor fully with the dynamic knowledge-based economy

Page 8: Sistemi locali di welfare Lavinia Bifulco. Europa 2020 The European Union is working hard to move decisively beyond the crisis and create the conditions

A. Hemerijck, 2012, When Changing Welfare Statesand the Eurocrisis Meet

a) Human capital investment push

Equality of opportunity must be guaranteed by compulsory primary and secondary education with universal quality standards, together with increased access to grant and state-guaranteed loans in tertiary education, and quality post-secondary vocational training

Page 9: Sistemi locali di welfare Lavinia Bifulco. Europa 2020 The European Union is working hard to move decisively beyond the crisis and create the conditions

A. Hemerijck, 2012, When Changing Welfare Statesand the Eurocrisis Meet

c) Flexicure labor marketsQuality employment is the best guarantee against poverty and inequality. This presupposes: enhancing the labor force participation of women and assuring enduring employment for various disadvantaged groups, including the disabled, the under skilled and the long-term unemployed; making employment attractive by fighting poverty traps; activating benefit recipients; subsidizing decent low-skilled and low-productive work; implementing active labor market policies as well as labor market reform.

Page 10: Sistemi locali di welfare Lavinia Bifulco. Europa 2020 The European Union is working hard to move decisively beyond the crisis and create the conditions

A. Hemerijck, 2012, When Changing Welfare Statesand the Eurocrisis Meet

d) Reconciling work and family life.Social policies must encourage the formation and meet the needs of “dual carer” families, in which both partners share work and family responsibilities. There is a clear relation between the ratio of part-time jobs and female employment growth. Flexible working conditions are often part and parcel of family-friendly employment policy provisions. But the ability of part-time employment to harmonize careers with family life also depends very much on employment regulation, on whether part-time work is recognized as a regular job with basic social insurance participation, and on whether it offers prospects of career mobility, thus serving the achievement of higher rates of women’s labor force participation.

Page 11: Sistemi locali di welfare Lavinia Bifulco. Europa 2020 The European Union is working hard to move decisively beyond the crisis and create the conditions

A. Hemerijck, 2012, When Changing Welfare Statesand the Eurocrisis Meet

e) Later and flexible retirement

f) Migration and integration through education and participation

g) Minimum income support and capacitating service provision

Page 12: Sistemi locali di welfare Lavinia Bifulco. Europa 2020 The European Union is working hard to move decisively beyond the crisis and create the conditions

A. Hemerijck, 2012, When Changing Welfare Statesand the Eurocrisis Meet

h) Sustainable financing and taxation.

i) Reinforcing institutional capabilities.

j) The imperative of social investment policy coherence.

k) Social investment as a common language.

Page 13: Sistemi locali di welfare Lavinia Bifulco. Europa 2020 The European Union is working hard to move decisively beyond the crisis and create the conditions

A. Hemerijck, 2012, When Changing Welfare Statesand the Eurocrisis Meet

a) Child-centred social investment strategy. A “child-centred social investment strategy” is needed to ensure that children become lifelong learners and strong contributors to their societies. More children, educated to perform in a knowledge economy, are required in order to keep that economy going, given the demands of a retiring baby boom generation with increasing care needs. Only high quality early childhood education and care services are contribution to higher short-term labour force participation and long-term productivity increases.

Page 14: Sistemi locali di welfare Lavinia Bifulco. Europa 2020 The European Union is working hard to move decisively beyond the crisis and create the conditions

Social investment welfare state

Critiche

La qualità del lavoro (vedi critiche attivazione)

Quelli che stanno peggio?

Valenza economica delle politiche sociali, la giustizia sociale?

Concetto pigliatutto (Barbier)

Dal punto di vista del genere: la donna solo come lavoratrice (vedi Saraceno)

Page 15: Sistemi locali di welfare Lavinia Bifulco. Europa 2020 The European Union is working hard to move decisively beyond the crisis and create the conditions

La conciliazione fra cura e lavoro

I recenti sviluppi nelle politiche relativi agli obblighi di cura: Estensione della titolarità ai padri ( i paesi scandinavi, dagli anni settanta in poi, anche Italia) le madri sono sempre più incoraggiate a partecipare al mercato del lavoro e quindi a «de-familizzarsi»“Per essere percepita come una buona madre, una madre sola (povera) deve ora essere anche una percettrice di reddito, deve avere cioè un impiego retribuito” (Saraceno 2009).

Page 16: Sistemi locali di welfare Lavinia Bifulco. Europa 2020 The European Union is working hard to move decisively beyond the crisis and create the conditions

Lavoro e care

“ … La retorica dell’«attivazione» presente nel dibattito contemporaneosull’assistenza sociale nega implicitamente che la cura dei figlisia di per sé un’attività socialmente valida. Inoltre alcune misure chetradizionalmente riconoscevano il lavoro di cura realizzato dalle donne,come le pensioni di reversibilità e i benefici per le vedove, sonostate progressivamente ridotte e attenuate in nome dei diritti individuali,da conquistare attraverso i contributi individuali e il lavoro retribuito.Questi cambiamenti sono compensati solo parzialmente, enon dovunque, da alcune forme di riconoscimento dei periodi di curanel curriculum contributivo” (Saraceno 2009)

Page 17: Sistemi locali di welfare Lavinia Bifulco. Europa 2020 The European Union is working hard to move decisively beyond the crisis and create the conditions

Lavoro e care

“… l’accento che il dibattito politico e le pratiche sociali pongono sulla partecipazione al lavoro retribuito come unica, o principale, attività socialmente valida rischia di oscurare sia il bisogno sia il valore del lavoro di cura, non retribuito o retribuito che sia. …. In generale, la cura come attività relazionale e densa di significati – la cura come costruzione dell’identità – rischia di scomparire…” Inoltre l’attenzione dell’Unione europea alla «riconciliazione » tra lavoro retribuito e cura si riferisce principalmente alle donne. A queste resta affidata la responsabilità di prestare cura. La novità è che adesso la cura si dovrebbe «riconciliare» con la partecipazione all’impiego retribuito. Le pari opportunità sono considerate come opzione da offrire alle donne per entrare nel mondo del lavoro retribuito degli uomini, e solo marginalmente come opzione da offrire agli uomini per condividere le responsabilità della cura” (Saraceno 2009)