sister nivedita and ananda coomaraswamy - myths of the hindus and buddhists (1879)
TRANSCRIPT
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MYTHS
OF
THE
HINDUS SP
BUDDHISTS
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Creer
un
mythe,
c
1
est-a-dire entrevoir
dernere
la
realite
sensible
une realite
superieure,
est le
signe
le
plus
mamfeste
de
la
grandeur
de
F
ame
humaineet
la
preuve
de
safaculte
de
croissance
et
de
developpement
infinis.
A.
SABATIER,
1879
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The
Victory
of
Buddha
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MYTHS
OF
THE
HINDUS
&
BUDDHISTS
THE
SISTER
NIVEDITA
(MARGARET
E.
NOBLE)
OF
RAMAKRISHNA-VIVEKANANDA
ANANDA
K.
COOMARASWAMY
WITH
THIRTY-TWO
ILLUSTRATIONS
IN
COLOUR
BY
INDIAN
ARTISTS
UNDER
THE
SUPERVISION OF
ABANINDRO
NATH
TAGORE
C.I.E.
LONDON
GEORGE
G.
HARRAP
tf
COMPANY
2
W
3
PORTSMOUTH
STREET
KINGSWAY
WC
1914
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PRINTED
AT
THE
BALLANTYNE
PRESS
LONDON,
ENGLAND
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PREFACE
SISTER
NIVEDITA,
to
whom
the
present
work
was
first
entrusted,
needs
no
introduction
to
Western
or
to
Indian
readers.
A
most sincere
disciple
of
Swami
Vivekananda,
who
was
himself
a
follower
of
the
great
Ramakrishna,
she
brought
to
the
study
of
Indian
life
and
literature
a
sound
knowledge
of
Western
educational
and
social
science,
and
an
unsurpassed
enthusiasm
of
devotion
to
the
peoples
and
the
ideals
of
her
adopted
country.
Her
chief
works
are
The
Web
of
Indian
Life,
almost the
only
fair
account
of
Hindu
society
written
in
English,
and
Kali the
Mother,
where
also
for
the
first
time
the
profound
tender
ness
and terror
of
the
Indian
Mother-cult
are
presented
to
Western
readers
in
such
a
manner
as to
reveal
its true
reli
gious
and
social
significance.
Through
these
books
Nivedita
became
not
merely
an
interpreter
of
India to
Europe,
but
even
more,
the
inspiration of
a
new
race
of
Indian
students,
no
longer
anxious
to
be
Anglicized,
but
convinced
that all
real
progress,
as
distinct
from mere
political
controversy,
must
be
based
on
national
ideals,
upon
intentions
already
clearly expressed
in
religion
and
art.
Sister
Nivedita
s
untimely
death
in
1911
has made
it
necessary
that the
present
work
should
be
completed
by
another
hand.
The
following
parts
of
the text as
here
printed
are
due
to Sister
Nivedita :
Mythology
of
the
Indo-Aryan
races
(pp.
1-5)
;
pp.
14-22
of
the
Introduction
to
the
Ramayana
;
the
whole
of the
Mahabharata
(except
pp.
186-190)
;
part
of
the
section
on
Shiva
(pp.
291-295)
;
the
comment
on
Kacha
and
Devayam
(pp.
339-342)
;
v
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Myths
of the
Hindus
&
Buddhists
and
the
Story
of
Dhruva,
Shani,
Star-Pictures,
etc.
(pp.
378-3^8).
The
present
writer
is
responsible
for
all
else rather
more
than two-thirds
of the
whole.
The
illustrations
are
reproduced
from
water-colour draw
ings
executed
specially
for this
book
by
Indian
artists under
the
supervision
of
Mr.
Abanindro
Nath
Tagore,
C.I.E.,
Vice-Principal
of
the Calcutta
School
of
Art,
who
has
himself
contributed
some
of
the
pictures.
The
stories
have thus the
advantage,
unique
in
the
present
series,
of
illustration
by
artists to
whom
they
have
been
familiar from
childhood,
and
who
are
thus well
able
to
suggest
their
appropriate spiritual
and material
environ
ment.
It
may
be
well
to
explain
briefly
the
principle
on
which
these
myths
and
legends
have
been
selected
and
arranged.
My
aim
has
been to relate
in
a
manner as
close
to
the
original
as
possible,
but
usually
much
condensed,
such
of
the
myths
as
are more
or
less
familiar to
every
educated
Indian,
with whom I
include
all
those
illiterate
but
wise
peasants
and women
whose
knowledge
of the
Puranas
has
been
gained
by listening
to recitations or
reading,
by
visiting
temples
(where
the
stories
are
illustrated
in
sculpture),
or from
folk-songs
or
mystery-plays.
The
stories
related
here,
moreover,
include
very
much
of
which a
knowledge
is
absolutely
essential
for
every
foreigner
who
proposes
in
any
way
to
co-operate
with
the
Indian
people
for
the
attainment
of
their
desired
ends
nowhere more
clearly
formulated than
in
mythology
and
art.
Amongst
these
are,
I
hope,
to be
included not
only
such
avowed
lovers
of
Indian
ideals
as
was
Nivedita
herself,
vi
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Preface
but
also
civil
servants
and
missionaries.
The
Indian
myths
here retold
include
almost
all
those
which
are
commonly
illustrated
in
Indian
sculpture
and
painting.
Finally,
they
include
much
that
must
very
soon
be
recognized
as
belonging
not
only
to
India,
but to
the
whole
world;
I
feel that this
is
above
all
true
of
the
Ramayana,
which
is
surely
the
best
tale
of
chivalry
and
truth
and
the
love
of
creatures
that
ever
was
written.
ANANDA
K.
COOMARASWAMY
vii
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER
PAGE
I
MYTHOLOGY
OF
THE
INDO-ARYAN
RACES
i
II
THE
RAMAYANA
6
III
THE
MAHABHARATA
118
IV
KRISHNA
2I
7
V
BUDDHA
2
45
VI
SHIVA
286
VII
OTHER
STORIES
FROM
THE
PURANAS,
EPICS,
AND
VEDAS
3*4
VIII
CONCLUSION
3
8
9
GLOSSARY
AND
INDEX
4
01
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ILLUSTRATIONS
THE
VICTORY
OF
BUDDHA
GARUDA
RAMA
S
MARRIAGE
THE
DEATH
OF
MAR CHA
RAVANA
FIGHTING
WITH
JATAYU
RAMA
SENDING
HIS SlGNET-RlNG
TO SlTA
BURNING
OF LANKA
BUILDING
OF
RAMA
S
BRIDGE
THE
RETURN
OF
RAMA
EKALAVYA
THE
TRIAL OF
THE PRINCES
THE
HOUSE
OF
LAC
KIRAT-ARJUNA
KRISHNA INSTRUCTING
ARJUNA
YUDHISHTHIRA
THE
BIRTH
OF KRISHNA
KALIYA
DAMANA
RADHA
AND
KRISHNA
THE
BODHISATTVA
S
TUSKS
DEPARTURE
OF
PRINCE SIDDHARTHA
BUDDHA
AS
MENDICANT
THE FINAL
RELEASE
THE
ASCETICISM OF
UMA
THE
DANCE
OF
SHIVA
SHIVA
DRINKING
THE
WoRLD-PoiSON
THE
BIRTH
OF
GANGA
Abanindro
Nath
Tagore
Nanda LSI
Bose
K.
Venkatappa
K.
Venkatappa
K.
Venkatappa
K.
Venkatappa
K.
Venkatappa
K.
Venkatappa
K.
Venkatappa