site potentials for biomass power plants in poland ecoprog
TRANSCRIPT
Site Potentials for
Biomass Power Plants in Poland
Cologne, February 2013
Picture credits: left: CHP plant Białystok, by courtesy of Elektrociepłownia Białystok S.A. Upper right: © Zauberhut / Fotolia.com. Lower right: © ecoprog.
ecoprogMSS
ulti-Clienttudyeries
ecoprogecoprog
ecoprog GmbH
Site Potentials for Biomass Power Plants in Poland
The Polish market for renewable energies has reached a turning point. The new Polish Act on
Renewable Energy Sources entails new opportunities for developing biomass power plant projects,
for instance at locations of the wood or furniture industry.
At present, mono-incinerators at such locations produce less than five per cent of the Polish
electricity from biomass. Most potentially favourable locations have not yet been developed.
Instead, almost 80 per cent of the biomass electricity and more than a third of the renewable
energies in Poland are generated through co-incinerating biomass in coal power plants.
The new Polish Act on Renewable Energy Sources is scheduled to come into effect in the second
half of 2013. According to this law, the support of co-incinerators should decrease significantly in
the future. By contrast, smaller biomass power plants, mono-incinerators and electricity generation
by using CHP technology should receive stronger support. At the same time, the goals in terms of
developing and boosting renewable energies are once again increasing.
In light of this development, ecoprog and local partners have jointly analysed the market for
electricity generation from solid biomass in detail. The report focuses on the identification of
industrial locations that produce large amounts of biomass.
The report “Site Potentials for Biomass Power Plants in Poland” includes:
A detailed analysis of the current and future legislation for promoting renewable energies
and electricity generation from solid biomass in Poland.
A precise description of the around 42 active mono- and co-incinerators in Poland.
Furthermore, the description of about 14 power plant projects that are currently under
construction or being planned.
An evaluation of the biomass streams that are currently being used as fuel in biomass
power plants, including their amounts and sources.
A description of 450 industry locations we have estimated to produce the largest amounts
of biomass, amongst them sawmills, paper and furniture factories, sites of pellet producers
and of producers of agricultural biomass.
A geographical evaluation of power plants and biomass locations by regions (Voivodships)
in order to find potential locations for future power plant projects.
The report is available in English and German from 4,800 euros plus VAT.
Contact:
Mark Döing
ecoprog GmbH
Tel. +49 221 788 03 88 - 11
Content
ecoprogecoprog
Preface 9
Management summary 11
Part 1: Legislation and market 15
1 Country data 17
1.1 Population 17
1.2 Administration 18
1.3 Economic structure and development 19
2 The energy market in Poland 23
2.1 Power consumption 23
2.2 Power generation 24
2.3 Key players in the power market 26
3 Renewable energy and CHP legislation in Poland 31
3.1 European background 31
3.2 General system 33
3.3 Biomass requirements 35
3.4 CHP support 37
3.5 Green heat support 38
3.6 Future legislation 39
4 Current market 43
4.1 Renewable energy, certificate prices 43
4.2 Biomass plants and capacities 45
4.3 Competition 49
4.4 Biomass consumption 50
4.5 Outlook 55
Part 2: Solid biomass material flows 60
5 Forest wood residues 62
5.1 Forest area 62
5.2 Players 63
5.3 Amounts 64
5.4 Energetic use 65
5.5 Market and prices 65
6 Residues from the wood processing industry 68
6.1 Sawmills: Amount and sources of residues 69
6.2 Furniture industry: Amount and sources of residues 72
6.3 Panel industry: Amount and sources of residues 75
6.4 Pulp and paper industry: Amount and sources of residues 78
6.5 Pellet producer: Amount and sources 81
7 Agricultural biomass 86
7.1 Straw: Amount and sources 87
7.2 Rapeseed meal and oil cake: Amount and sources 91
7.3 Bran: Amount and sources 95
7.4 Energy crops: Amount and sources 99
Content
Market Report Biomass-to-Power in Poland
ecoprog GmbH, www.ecoprog.com
ecoprog
8 Recycling wood and landscape residues 102
8.1 Players and competition 102
8.2 Waste amounts 102
8.3 Energetic use 106
8.4 Prices / gate fees 108
8.5 Biomass plants 108
8.6 Waste business reforms 108
8.7 Landscape residues 113
9 Export / import 116
9.1 Export 116
9.2 Import 116
Part 3: Industrial biomass locations by Voivodships 120
10 Regions 122
10.1 Dolnośląskie 123
10.2 Kujawsko-Pomorskie 132
10.3 Łódzkie 141
10.4 Lubelskie 148
10.5 Lubuskie 154
10.6 Małopolskie 161
10.7 Mazowieckie 168
10.8 Opolskie 176
10.9 Podkarpackie 183
10.10 Podlaskie 189
10.11 Pomorskie 194
10.12 Śląskie 201
10.13 Świętokrzyskie 211
10.14 Warmińsko-Mazurskie 217
10.15 Wielkopolskie 227
10.16 Zachodniopomorskie 240
Glossary 246
Annex 1: Further biomass sources 247
a) State Forests 247
b) Energy crops merchants 249
c) Large MSW collectors 250
Annex 2: Register of map locations 253
a) Biomass power plants 254
b) Cereal bran producers 255
c) Rapeseed meal producers 256
d) Straw pellet producers 257
e) Furniture industry 258
f) Pulp and paper Industry 264
g) Sawmills 268
h) Panel industry 275
i) Pellet producers 277
Table of figures
Market Report Biomass-to-Power in Poland
ecoprog GmbH, www.ecoprog.com
ecoprog
Figure 1: Density of population and ten largest cities 17
Figure 2: Voivodships in Poland 18
Figure 3: Voivodship borders 19
[…]
Figure 23: Minimum share of biomass from agriculture of total fuel stream fed to the boiler 41
Figure 24: Demand and supply in the Polish energy business 43
Figure 25: Price development of green certificates 44
Figure 26: Estimated income per unit of renewable electricity 44
Figure 27: Current and planned biomass incinerators in Poland 45
Figure 28: Development of electricity generation from solid biomass per type of plant 46
Figure 29: Biomass co-incinerating power plants in Poland 47
Figure 30: Biomass mono-incinerating plants in cooperation with coal power plants 48
Figure 31: Biomass mono-incinerating plants 48
Figure 32: Competition in the biomass-to-power market 49
Figure 33: Development of biomass consumption 50
Figure 34: Type of biomass consumption 51
Figure 35: Biomass flows for power generation 53
Figure 36: Price development of biomass in the commercial power business 54
Figure 37: Biomass power plants planned or under construction 55
Figure 38: Status of biomass power production in different scenarios 57
Figure 39: Land cover in Poland 62
Figure 40: Woodland in Europe 63
Figure 41: Forest area and wood yield in Poland 63
Figure 42: State forest administration areas 64
Figure 43: Wood yield and its management in certain RDLP regions 66
Figure 44: Comparison of forestation rate, wood yield and prices in certain RDLP areas 67
Figure 45: Wood residues from wood processing industries 68
Figure 46: Structure of sawmill and wood industry in Poland 69
Figure 47: The largest companies in the sawmill industry in Poland 70
Figure 48: Sawmills in Poland 71
Figure 49: Prices of round softwood 72
Figure 50: Structure of the furniture industry in Poland 73
Figure 51: Structure of wood waste generated in the furniture industry 74
Figure 52: Structure of the panel industry in Poland 75
Figure 53: Locations of the panel industry in Poland 76
Figure 54: Structure of wood waste generated in the wood-based panels industry 77
Figure 55: Structure of the pulp and paper industry in Poland 78
Figure 56: Main locations of the pulp and paper industry in Poland 79
Figure 57: Polish wood pellet production 83
Figure 58: Capacity growth of Polish wood pellet production 84
Figure 59: Producers of straw pellets in Poland 88
Figure 60: Cereal crops by cultivated area 89
Figure 61: Structure of the fat and oil industry in Poland 91
Figure 62: Large producers of rapeseed meal in Poland 92
Figure 63: Manufactures of grain mill products 95
Figure 64: The largest mills in Poland 96
Figure 65: Cereal bran price development in Poland 97
Figure 66: Distribution of energy crops in Poland (ha) 99
Figure 67: Sources of non-MSW waste in Poland 102
Figure 68: Structure of construction waste in Poland 104
Figure 69: MSW amounts and separately collected waste streams 105
Figure 70: MSW production and generation 106
Figure 71: Waste disposal and treatment 107
Figure 72: Landfill and incinerator gate fees in Poland 108
Figure 73: Disposal fees at landfill sites 110
Figure 74: Implementation of new municipal responsibilities 111
Figure 75: Waste-to-Energy projects in Poland 112
Figure 76: Volume of import of biomass from the oil and fats industry 117
Extract, chapter 3, Renewable energy and CHP legislation, 3.6 Future legislation
Market Report Biomass-to-Power in Poland 39
ecoprog GmbH, www.ecoprog.com
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3.6 Future legislation
The parliament is currently passing a new RES scheme. In doing so, a dedicated “Act on
Renewable Energy Sources” will be passed for the first time. This act will have a higher juridical
status compared to the current regulation of the minister.
The new regulation will provide for higher and therefore stricter targets for the share of renewable
energy. A share of 12 per cent is targeted for 2013 and by 2017 the share is meant to be at 17 per
cent. This is an increase of 3 per cent in comparison to earlier legislation.
Nevertheless, the major change compared to the current system is a diversification of the degree
of support. In the future, there will be different amounts of green certificates for different types of
production. The level of support will differ by the technology of a plant, the size of a plant and the
mode of operation. The instrument to achieve this will be a so-called correction index.
Figure 22: Initial values of correction indices for new biomass plants
Year of plant commissioning
< 10 MW > 10 MW < 10 MW
(CHP) > 10 MW
(CHP) co-incineration
2013 1.30 0.95 1.70 1.15 0.30
2014 1.30 0.95 1.70 1.15 0.30
2015 1.25 0.925 1.65 1.125 0.25
2016 1.225 0.90 1.625 1.10 0.20
2017 1.20 0.875 1.60 1.075 0.15
Source: Draft Act on Renewable Energy Sources of 27 July 2012
Another change will be the guarantee of a consistent support for the period of 15 years, starting
from the commissioning of the renewable energy plant. The support for co-incinerators will be
limited to five years. The time schedule should also apply to plants that started operations before
the Act on Renewable Energy Sources comes into effect. In general, green certificates for co-
incineration plants will be granted no later than 2020. For other plants, the current regulation states
that green certificates can be granted by 2035.
The guaranteed sales price for renewable power will be kept up. Nevertheless, this price will be
calculated in a different way. At present, it equals the last year’s average price in the energy
market. According to the new law, the obligatory purchase price will start at 198.90 PLN/MWh in
2012. In the years to come, it will be adjusted to the price index for consumer goods and services
of the previous year. This means that the guaranteed price for renewable energy will mainly follow
the inflation and not the energy prices. This will result in a weaker increase in the future. The
inflation is expected to be considerably lower than the price increase in the power business. The
increasing costs for the purchase of CO2 emission rights alone are expected to drive the power
price much faster than the average inflation.
[…]
Extract, chapter 4, Current market, 4.4 Biomass plants and capacities
Market Report Biomass-to-Power in Poland 51
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[…]
More than 60 per cent of this power was produced in dedicated power plants without using waste
heat and therefore at a poor energy efficiency. Almost all of these “power production only”-
capacities are located at large coal power plants. The majority of these plants co-incinerates
biomass in existing coal-fired boilers. This co-incineration of biomass has actually been the focus
of Polish power production policies since the support of renewable energy started in 2005. This
was mainly due to the large number of existing coal power plants. Using this asset for co-
incinerating biomass promised a fast growth of renewable energy at comparatively low costs.
Figure 28: Development of electricity generation from solid biomass by type of plant
At the same time, many of these coal power plants were operated by the large Polish energy
utilities that are still partly owned by the state. There was a strong interest to integrate these
companies in the growing renewable energy market. About 30 of the 39 coal power plants in
Poland are currently co-incinerating biomass. Almost all of them use coal as their main fuel.
Due to their origin, the majority of these plants are very large. In some of them, for instance in
Opole, the single units have a power production of more than 300 MWel – even if biomass
accounts only for a small share of this power production. The majority of these coal power plants
consist of several units. The coal power plant Kozienic, for instance, consists of ten units with one
boiler each. Only one or few of these units co-incinerate biomass. As biomass still means an
additional burden for a coal power plant, it is often used in old boilers (that will be shut down in a
few years anyway) or in boilers that have been modernised especially for the use of biomass. A
large share of the existing coal-fired boilers works with dust firing and can therefore only use wood
pellets and other porous biomass. Boilers that were designed for co-incineration often use fluidised
bed technology.
[…]
-
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Industrial CHP plants
District heating plants
Power plants
Source: Agencja Rynku Energii S.A.
GWh
Extract, chapter 7, Agricultural biomass, 7.1 Straw: Amount and sources
Market Report Biomass-to-Power in Poland 88
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Biomass amounts
Straw mainly results from the cultivation of grain. In 2010, cereals were cultivated on about 7.6
million hectare in Poland, which is more than 70 per cent of all cropland. The most popular kinds of
cereals were wheat, triticale, rye and barley.
Figure 59: Producers of straw pellets in Poland
According to the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation in Puławy, the amount of straw
yielded from 1 hectare of cereal crops amounts to approximately 0.8 to 1.1 tons. This means that,
in theory, more than 7 million tons of straw could be harvested.
The de facto production, however, is much smaller. Due to the fragmented and complex market
[…]
Extract, chapter 10, Regions, 10.14 Warmińsko-Mazurskie
Market Report Biomass-to-Power in Poland 217
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10.14 Warmińsko-Mazurskie
Extract, chapter 10, Regions, 10.16 Zachodniopomorskie
Market Report Biomass-to-Power in Poland 241
ecoprog GmbH, www.ecoprog.com
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Furniture factories
WF-134
Swedwood Poland z o.o.
Business activity: Wood-based furniture producer (part of IKEA)
Contact:
Ul. Pulaskiego 19
72-100 Goleniow
Tel. +48 91 464 7000
Fax +48 91 418 9662
www.swedwood.com
WF-135
Zakład Stolarski Tam-Drew
Business activity: Furniture producer, carpenter
Contact:
Mechowo 10/2
72-310 Płoty
Tel. +48 609 639 753
www.stolarz-gryfice.pl
[…]
Paper/Pulp works
WP-85
EUROBOX POLSKA Sp. z o.o.
Business activity: Producer of corrugated board, packaging
Contact:
Przesiadłów 1
97-225 Ujazd
Tel. +48 44 734 10 01
Fax +48 44 734 10 10
www.eurobox.com.pl
[…]
WP-86
MONDI SZCZECIN Sp. z o.o.
Business activity: Producer of boxes, corrugated board
Contact:
ul. Słoneczna 20
72-123 Kliniska Wielkie
Tel. +48 91 469 87 10
Fax +48 91 469 87 03
www.mondigroup.com
Sawmills
WS-136
TARTAK OLSTAW J.Olędrowicz
Business activity: Sawmill
Contact:
Stawno 25
72-100 Goleniów
Tel. +48 91 407 31 66
[…]
Extract, Annex 2, Register of map locations
Market Report Biomass-to-Power in Poland 268
ecoprog GmbH, www.ecoprog.com
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g) Sawmills
Number Company Voivodship Powiat (County) Municipality Page
WS-01 EKO DREWNO Dolnośląskie Będziński Psary 129
WS-02 Stol-mak Dolnośląskie Dzierżoniówski Bielawa 129
WS-03 B&D Sp. z o.o. Dział Handlowy Dolnośląskie Milicki Bukowice 129
WS-04 DPH Zakład Drzewny - Tartak Sułów - Jerzy Pawłowicz Dolnośląskie Milicki Sułów 130
WS-05 TARTAK w Bierutowie (BIERUTÓW-PLAST S.C.J.BieszczadM.Zadka)
Dolnośląskie Oleśnicki Bierutów 130
WS-06 […] […] […] […] 130
WS-07 […] […] […] […] 130
WS-08 […] […] […] […] 138
WS-09 […] […] […] […] 138
WS-10 […] […] […] […] 138
WS-11 […] […] […] […] 138
WS-12 […] […] […] […] 138
WS-13 […] […] […] […] 138
WS-14 […] […] […] […] 139
WS-15 […] […] […] […] 139
WS-16 […] […] […] […] 144
WS-17 […] […] […] […] 145
WS-18 […] […] […] […] 145
WS-19 […] […] […] […] 145
WS-20 […] […] […] […] 145
WS-21 […] […] […] […] 145
[…]
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