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BBC Homepage BBC Local South East Wales News Sport Weather Travel News Things to do People & Places TV & Radio Neighbouring Sites Mid Wales South West Wales Bristol Gloucestershire Hereford & Worcs Related BBC Sites Wales Cymru De Ddwyrain DAMIN / OFF »Daarid, furid, daar / Turn on »Waa maxay Vocab- ereyo? / What is VOCAB? The Millennium Stadium from the River Taff Cardiff city and Bay circular Explore the rich and varied history and geology of Cardiff, as this walk passes through the present day city centre and continues out towards Cardiff Bay and returning along the banks of the River Taff. More ... To start the walk click 'next' below the table. Join us on a guided walk Sunday 17 October Walk details Start point: National Museum of Wales, Cardiff National Museum of Wales 02920 397951 Ordnance Survey: Landranger 171 - ST183761 Distance: 8 km Time: approx. 4 hours Extra info: To see what the symbols mean, please visit the key 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next More info Explore the influence that industry has played in the history of Cardiff and the development of Bute Town. Look out for buzzards and kestrels around the Castle. Getting there By bus and train: For bus and train times to and from Cardiff call 08706 082608 or click here for online information - www.traveline-cymru.org.uk. By car: Limited parking is available in the museum, and there are many public car parks within the city centre. Follow signs to the museum on Gorsedd Gardens Road. Walk conditions This walk is mainly on pavements and the Taff Trail, it is suitable for buggies and wheelchair users. Health & safety information 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 © Crown copyright. All rights reserved. BBC licence number 100019855, 2004. Click to enlarge Print map Print this page Print the entire walk Walks in South East Wales Cardiff life More walks through time More about nature in Wales South Wales Geologists Association National Museum and Galleries of Wales The BBC is not responsible for the content of external websites More walks & places to visit in the British Isles and amazing wildlife. Find another walk through time Explore wildlife habitats with 360 panoramas The TV series: British Isles, a Natural History Get more from your walk, with the Open University. Get active - 11 June 2012 Accessibility help Text only This document is a snapshot of content from a discontinued BBC website, originally published between 2002-2011. It has been made available for archival & research purposes only. Please see the foot of this document for Archive Terms of Use.

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Page 1: Sites Related BBC Sitesdownloads.bbc.co.uk/wales/archive/bbc-south-east-wales... · 2012-06-18 · National Museum and Galleries of Wales The BBC is not responsible for the content

BBC HomepageBBC LocalSouth EastWalesNewsSportWeatherTravel NewsThings to doPeople &PlacesTV & Radio

NeighbouringSites

Mid WalesSouth WestWalesBristolGloucestershireHereford &Worcs

Related BBC Sites

WalesCymruDe Ddwyrain

DAMIN / OFF

»Daarid, furid, daar /Turn on

»Waa maxay Vocab-ereyo? / What isVOCAB?

The Millennium Stadium from theRiver Taff

Cardiff city and BaycircularExplore the rich and variedhistory and geology ofCardiff, as this walk passesthrough the present day citycentre and continues outtowards Cardiff Bay andreturning along the banks ofthe River Taff. More ...

To start the walk click 'next' belowthe table.

Join us on a guided walkSunday 17 October

Walk details

Start point: National Museum of Wales,Cardiff

National Museum of Wales 02920 397951

Ordnance Survey: Landranger 171 -ST183761

Distance: 8 km

Time: approx. 4 hours

Extra info:To see what the symbols mean, pleasevisit the key

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Next

More infoExplore the influence that industry has played in thehistory of Cardiff and the development of Bute Town.Look out for buzzards and kestrels around the Castle.

Getting thereBy bus and train: For bus and train times to and fromCardiff call 08706 082608 or click here for onlineinformation - www.traveline-cymru.org.uk.

By car: Limited parking is available in the museum, andthere are many public car parks within the city centre.Follow signs to the museum on Gorsedd Gardens Road.

Walk conditionsThis walk is mainly on pavements and the Taff Trail, it issuitable for buggies and wheelchair users.

Health & safety information

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

© Crown copyright. All rights reserved.BBC licence number 100019855, 2004.

Click to enlarge

Print mapPrint this pagePrint the entire walk

Walks in South East WalesCardiff life

More walks through timeMore about nature in Wales

South Wales Geologists AssociationNational Museum and Galleries of Wales

The BBC is not responsible for thecontent of external websites

More walks & places to visit in theBritish Isles and amazing wildlife.

Find another walk through time

Explore wildlife habitats with 360panoramas

The TV series:British Isles, a Natural History

Get more from your walk, with theOpen University.

Get active -

11 June 2012Accessibility helpText only

This document is a snapshot of content from a discontinued BBC website, originally published between 2002-2011. It has been made available for archival & research purposes only. Please see the foot of this document for Archive Terms of Use.

Page 2: Sites Related BBC Sitesdownloads.bbc.co.uk/wales/archive/bbc-south-east-wales... · 2012-06-18 · National Museum and Galleries of Wales The BBC is not responsible for the content

BBC HomepageBBC LocalSouth EastWalesNewsSportWeatherTravel NewsThings to doPeople &PlacesTV & Radio

NeighbouringSites

Mid WalesSouth WestWalesBristolGloucestershireHereford &Worcs

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DAMIN / OFF

»Daarid, furid, daar /Turn on

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Detail of the Boer War Memorial

Around Gorsedd GardensStarting from the front stepof the museum, cross overthe road into GorseddGardens and head towardsPark Place and Park House.

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The present city centre is built on an almost level flood plainjust 12 m above sea level. The surface was formed ofgravels deposited by melting glaciers at the end of the lastIce Age. The bedrock beneath the gravels is a red mudstonedeposited in the late Triassic Period about 220 million yearsago.

Toward Cardiff Bay, south of the main railway line, thegravels are covered by estuarine alluvium (mud) which is upto 10 m thick. This mud has been deposited since the lastIce Age when areas have been flooded during high tides. Infact most of Cardiff Bay and the area of Cardiff west ofWestgate Street has been built on reclaimed land.

The Civic Centre and Gorsedd Gardens were establishedaround 1905 when Cardiff was declared a city. The GorseddCircle was erected originally in 1899 for the Eisteddfod thatwas held in Cardiff that year.

The stones of the circle are Triassic breccia - formed as analluvial fan by a large desert river to the north of Cardiffabout 220 million years ago and contain grey limestonefragments which are about 250 million years old. Thesestones were probably quarried in Radyr or Llandaff.

Park House was built between1871 and 1875 by WilliamBurges for the Marquis ofBute's Agent JamesMcConnochie. The walls arePennant Sandstone, while thequoins around the windowsand entrance porch are BathStones. The plinths and stringcourse are coarser ragstones from Bath while the pillars arepink Peterhead granite from Aberdeenshire. The flagstones inthe driveway are Pennant Sandstone.

The City Hall, Law Courts and Museum were built in 1904/05using Portland Stone - a popular material for civic buildingsat that time. Wandering around Cardiff, you will notice thatmany of the older buildings are built from a mixture ofPeterhead Granite, Portland Stone, Bath Stone, Radyr Stoneand Pennant Sandstone.

Listen out for nearby mistle thrushes, which are often foundnesting along Museum Avenue feeding on the fruits of thenearby yew trees.

Turn left back towards the museum, left into Gorsedd

© Crown copyright. All rights reserved.BBC licence number 100019855, 2004.

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Walks in South East WalesCardiff life

More walks & places to visit in theBritish Isles and amazing wildlife.

Find another walk through time

Explore wildlife habitats with 360panoramas

The TV series:British Isles, a Natural History

Get more from your walk, with theOpen University.

Get active - join the Great Snail Hunt

What does that mean? - a natural history glossary

Get into nature - the science you need to know

How do they know that? - explore nature's secrets

Become a Landscape Detective -Free Leaflets!

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Gardens Road, and continue past the museum as far as theBoer Wars Memorial at the top of King Edward VII Avenue.

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The Clock Tower, Cardiff Castle

First settlementsTurn left down to theunderpass and cross underthe Boulevard de Nantes.Turn right at Greyfriars Roadpast the Hilton Hotel. Takethe subway and crossunderneath North Road tothe Castle.

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Greyfriars Road was once the site of the old GreyfriarsPriory. There are no remains of the friary today, althoughexcavations in the 19th century did uncover a late 13thcentury church with 30 graves. The Greyfriars renouncedworldly wealth and would beg for their daily bread. Theyfollowed St Francis and served the people working amongthe sick and the destitute.

You can see part of the ButeDocks feeder canal atGreyfriars. The banks of thecanal here are mainlyuncultivated bramble with anumber of tree saplingsbetween the ground cover ofivy, wild garlic, alum and cowparsley, which provide a greathabitat for blackbirds, dunnock, wrens, wood pigeon, collareddoves and squirrel. The nearby high rise office blocks act asan artificial cliff for roosting jackdaws and starlings.

As you cross underneath North Road tothe castle, look out for hints of the oldGlamorgan Canal. Set in the stone arethe old workings for a lock that wassituated here. The underpass is actuallythe old canal tunnel.

The route of the Glamorgan Canal ranacross Queen Street, parallel to theHayes and Woking Street - throughwhat is now St David's Centre - behindHabitat, under Caroline St Bridge anddown Mill Lane to the end of St Mary's

Street. It then ran parallel to Bute Street in to Bute WestDock.

Cardiff Castle

The site of Cardiff Castle was first fortified by the Romans inabout 75 AD. Later the Normans used the same site to buildCardiff Castle in the 12th century. The Castle was thenrebuilt late in the 19th century by the Butes, who employedWilliam Burges to restore the castle and to embellish it:adding detail, craftsmanship and colour to surprise visitorsfrom many lands.

The old Roman walls are a Jurassic BlueLias limestone from the Vale ofGlamorgan, possibly from Aberthaw -

© Crown copyright. All rights reserved.BBC licence number 100019855, 2004.

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Print mapPrint this pagePrint the entire walk

Walks in South East WalesCardiff life

More walks & places to visit in theBritish Isles and amazing wildlife.

Find another walk through time

Explore wildlife habitats with 360panoramas

The TV series:British Isles, a Natural History

Get more from your walk, with theOpen University.

Get active - join the Great Snail Hunt

What does that mean? - a natural history glossary

Get into nature - the science you need to know

How do they know that? - explore nature's secrets

Become a Landscape Detective -Free Leaflets!

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this has been capped by a layer ofcoarse Radyr stone.

The reconstructed walls are limestone:east of the main gate a carboniferouslimestone from Culverhouse Cross isused while those in the south eastcorner are a darker limestone from thePentyrch-Creigiau area. Stone from theRoman walls was also subsequentlyused to build the Norman keep.

Look out for fossils in the castle wall - they're over 200million years old!

Buzzards and kestrels are now breeding regularly in theinner city, look out for carrion crows and jays in and aroundthe castle.

The corner of North Road and Castle Road is the area knownas North Gate and is where the medieval town gate and wallwould have been - the sloping floral display in the groundsof the castle here is actually supported by part of the oldtown wall. There are other places along the walk where youcan see the old town boundary still marked, look out forWestgate Street later in the walk.

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St Johns churchyard

St Johns Church and TheHayesTurn left out of the subwayin front of the castle, crossover Castle Street at thepedestrian crossing on thecorner and continue straightahead into St John's Street.

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At St John's Church turn right in front of the church intoChurch St and then left into Trinity Street. Continue straightpast the entrances of the market and Howells into TheHayes.

St Johns Church

St Johns Church is one of the oldest remaining medievalbuildings in the city, dating from the 12th century. Theoriginal building is blue Lias, a local Jurassic stone full offossilised shells, probably from Aberthaw. All that remains ofthe original building today is the west tower - dressings onthe tower were originally Dundry Stone, an Oolitic freestone.

Extensions to the church in 1886-1897 used CarboniferousLimestone from Culverhouse Cross. The Churchyard wall isLias with red sandstone copings of Devonian sandstonesfrom the Forest of Dean.

The Hayes

Passing through The Hayes, notice thegreat old london planes, reputed tocalm the nerves of stressed-out officeworkers. Did the town planners knowthis when they planted the area in theearly 20th century?

Ginkgo biloba trees grow here, alsoknown as the Maidenhair tree, which isnative to China. It was introduced toBritain in 1761 - ginkgo fossils from theJurassic Period are identical to the treesgrowing today - so in effect the plant is

a living fossil that has not changed in 200 million years.

Take a quick look inside the St David's Centre. The pillarsbetween the shops are brown and white Napoleon Tigremarble from northeast France - the cloudy patches withinthe stone made by shallow water algae are known asbanding. Also look out for the line of the old town wall:originally this was marked with red-brown granite fromSouth Dakota - this has now been replaced by a dark green-black Gabbro stone.

Previous1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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© Crown copyright. All rights reserved.BBC licence number 100019855, 2004.

Click to enlarge

Print mapPrint this pagePrint the entire walk

Walks in South East WalesCardiff life

More walks & places to visit in theBritish Isles and amazing wildlife.

Find another walk through time

Explore wildlife habitats with 360panoramas

The TV series:British Isles, a Natural History

Get more from your walk, with theOpen University.

Get active - join the Great Snail Hunt

What does that mean? - a natural history glossary

Get into nature - the science you need to know

How do they know that? - explore nature's secrets

Become a Landscape Detective -Free Leaflets!

11 June 2012Accessibility helpText only

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David Morgan Arcade

David Morgan's and StMary's ChurchReach the end of The Hayesand veer right into Mill Lane.Cross over the road and turnleft into Adam St past theOld Custom House, then turnright into Hope Street. Passunder the bridge.

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David Morgan's, best seen from the opposite side of theroad was built in three sections. The northern part (1912) isof Portland stone with columns of black Larvikite fromNorway. The middle part (1899) is white Portland Stone withred sandstone and Bath Stone and granite column to thefirst floor. The southern part (1904) is a grey Forest of DeanStone with Bath Stone dressings. The porch is faced with aRoman travertine.

Mill Lane is the old route of the canal and was also the siteof an open air market.

The Old Custom House, built using Bath Stone in 1780, wassited on the banks of the canal. This was an important hubwithin the city where imports and exports were controlled.

St Mary's Church

On the site of the Central Hotel was aship yard, and just north of here wasthe site of the original St Mary'sChurch. The Taff originally ran along thewest side of St Mary's Street and StMary's church was sited on its banks.

St Mary's Church was founded at thebeginning of the 12th century by theBenedictines of Tewkesbury Abbey. Themonks had not chosen their site well -on a bend of the river Taff - anderosion was gradually removing thechurchyard.

In 1607 there was a great flood across the levels aroundCardiff and the foundations of St Mary's were weakened; thechurch went into a slow collapse. By 1620, St John's churchwas used for St Mary's services and in 1680 the towercollapsed.

The last service was held in 1701, in a roofless ruin, and StMary's was abandoned. No trace remains today on theoriginal site but the church was subsequently rebuilt on ButeStreet, in 1846.

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© Crown copyright. All rights reserved.BBC licence number 100019855, 2004.

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Walks in South East WalesCardiff life

More walks & places to visit in theBritish Isles and amazing wildlife.

Find another walk through time

Explore wildlife habitats with 360panoramas

The TV series:British Isles, a Natural History

Get more from your walk, with theOpen University.

Get active - join the Great Snail Hunt

What does that mean? - a natural history glossary

Get into nature - the science you need to know

How do they know that? - explore nature's secrets

Become a Landscape Detective -Free Leaflets!

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Detail of Bute Street pavement

The origins of ButetownContinuing straight ahead,cross over Callaghan St intothe newly developed centralplaza. Keep to the left handside and continue into ButeSt. Continue as far as theBute St railway station.

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Butetown is the southern part of Cardiff's medievalsettlement and was situated outside of the town's southernwall. Until the end of the 18th Century this was largely anarea of salt marsh and rough grazing, known as 'the Moors'.

Butetown was constructed on reclaimed land and many ofthe buildings here are almost 'floating' on top of the mudflats. Ballast from incoming boats was used both in thefoundations and construction of buildings, and althoughmuch of this can't be seen, Butetown is built withextraordinary rock from all over the world.

Iron, coal and the Marquis of Bute

In the 19th and early 20thcenturies, the Welshcommunity in Butetown, orTiger Bay - as it becameknown - were joined bysettlers from all over theworld. The success of Cardiffas a major port encouragedan influx of sailors,

shipbuilders and dockworkers, who established among othersSomali, Chinese, Greek and Norwegian communities.

Butetown lies in the Parish of St Mary's, which was ownedby the Bute family, and it was the 2nd Marquis of Bute whofinanced the building of the Glamorgan Canal. He alsorealised in the 1820s that the canal was not sufficient tocope with the ever increasing demands of the iron trade andhe initiated a development plan.

The plan included: the construction of Bute Street as a mainroute of transportation in and out of the area, (completed1830); the construction of Bute Dock (1839); theconstruction of the Taff Vale Railway, (1841); and theleasing of land within the area for development, most ofwhich was completed by 1840.

Walking along Bute Streetlook out the line of flats -beyond the railway line -which mark the edge of whereBute West Dock was situated.The bridges on the left handside of the road are where thefeeder canals ran into thedock.

© Crown copyright. All rights reserved.BBC licence number 100019855, 2004.

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Walks in South East WalesCardiff life

More walks & places to visit in theBritish Isles and amazing wildlife.

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The TV series:British Isles, a Natural History

Get more from your walk, with theOpen University.

Get active - join the Great Snail Hunt

What does that mean? - a natural history glossary

Get into nature - the science you need to know

How do they know that? - explore nature's secrets

Become a Landscape Detective -Free Leaflets!

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Today the train to Cardiff Bay runs along the old Taff ValeRailway and the surrounding land is now a wildlife corridor.The Bute Road train station was built as the offices of theTaff Vale Railway Company, from 1862 the offices were letas consulates - for the growing number of people of allnationalities coming through the port.

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The Coal Exchange

The Coal ExchangeTurn right into West ButeStreet, past the ButetownHistory and Arts Centre. Turnright into the alley at Corleysbuildings. Turn left intoMount Stuart Square andthen right towards the frontof the Coal Exchange.

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Mount Stuart Square was the central point for the ButeEstate's planned developments of Butetown - it wasoriginally designed as a residential square with a centralgarden.

With the ever-increasing growth of the Docks, the squarewas gradually rebuilt and became the commercial quarter,leaving the merchants and businessmen of the area to movetheir homes to the new suburbs of Cathedral Road andRoath.

The central garden was cleared in 1884 to make way for thebuilding of the Coal Exchange. This is where the deals weremade - vast quantities of coal and money were exchanged.The Coal Exchange was initially an ordinary market place butas fortunes grew the building was glorified to reflect itsimportance.

The Coal Exchange was the first building in the area to bebuilt on piles, which were sunk into the ground to a depth ofat least 9m. This was because the subsoils were alluvial mudmixed with slag from the old glassworks that had existed onthis site, and when construction first started it was found tobe a little like 'building on butter'.

The coal industry went into decline inthe 1920s and 30s and never reallyrecovered. Coal was nationalised in1956 and the Coal Exchange finallyclosed - there was no longer any needto bargain for coal and the prices werefixed centrally by the National CoalBoard.

Look out for Pascoe House, BalticHouse, Cambrian House, MeandrosHouse, Britannia Building, MerchantPlace and HSCB Bank which use anarray of building stone from all over the world.

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© Crown copyright. All rights reserved.BBC licence number 100019855, 2004.

Click to enlarge

Print mapPrint this pagePrint the entire walk

Walks in South East WalesCardiff life

More walks & places to visit in theBritish Isles and amazing wildlife.

Find another walk through time

Explore wildlife habitats with 360panoramas

The TV series:British Isles, a Natural History

Get more from your walk, with theOpen University.

Get active - join the Great Snail Hunt

What does that mean? - a natural history glossary

Get into nature - the science you need to know

How do they know that? - explore nature's secrets

Become a Landscape Detective -Free Leaflets!

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Roald Dahl Plass, Cardiff Bay

Cardiff Bay and theBarrageTurn left into James Streetand continue into Bute Place,the new Wales MillenniumCentre is straight ahead.Turn left into Roald DahlPlass, go under the bridgetowards the Bay and turn leftat the water front.

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Sheltered by Penarth Head, Cardiff Bay has attracted seatraffic since the Middle Ages. By the 16th century, a brisktrade had developed along the South Wales coast, acrossthe Bristol Channel, and onwards to France, Spain and Italy.By the 19th century trade extended world wide to countriessuch as Argentina and India.

The last coal left the docks in 1964 and for a time CardiffBay appeared to be rather desolate. Today the Bay appearsa very modern place, perhaps indicating the changingfortunes of Cardiff in the early 21st Century.

In 1993 the Cardiff Bay Barrage was built which excludessea water from the previously tidal zone. The Barrage is an800 m long embankment of rock and sand and effectivelycreates a lake with a 13 km water front and has led to theregeneration of South Cardiff and Penarth.

The area is now home to the Welsh Assembly, TechniQuest,the Bay Visitors Centre and the Norwegian Church ArtsCentre, and is a bustling area with shops, cafes and water-side restaurants.

Wales Millennium Centre

One of the first buildings thatyou see while walking alongJames Street is the new WalesMillennium Centre. Due toopen in late November 2004,this is the new prestigiousinternational arts centre inCardiff.

The building is clad in 5 different slates taken from quarriesin north and mid Wales. Each of the slates can be identifiedby the different colour and texture ranging from reds, togreens to almost black.

The old docks

Coming down to the water front you will pass through RoaldDahl Plass - formerly the Oval Basin. This joined the ButeWest Dock to the north with the Severn Estuary via twolocks.

The dock opened in 1839; granite was used along the top ofthe basin, where it could withstand the knocks and shocksof the many ships that would moor along side here, whilePennant Sandstone was used in the walls.

© Crown copyright. All rights reserved.BBC licence number 100019855, 2004.

Click to enlarge

Print mapPrint this pagePrint the entire walk

Walks in South East WalesCardiff life

More walks & places to visit in theBritish Isles and amazing wildlife.

Find another walk through time

Explore wildlife habitats with 360panoramas

The TV series:British Isles, a Natural History

Get more from your walk, with theOpen University.

Get active - join the Great Snail Hunt

What does that mean? - a natural history glossary

Get into nature - the science you need to know

How do they know that? - explore nature's secrets

Become a Landscape Detective -Free Leaflets!

11 June 2012Accessibility helpText only

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Before the flooding of the Bay in 1999, the area was mainlymudflats and salt marshes, the River Taff was tidal - rightup to Blackweir, just north of the city centre.

Wildlife in the Bay

The exclusion of sea water from the Bay by the new Barragehas changed the habitats available for flora and fauna tothrive. Previously the area was home to a large waterfowland wading bird populations; sea-going shoals of greymullet were still known to make their way upstream as faras the Bute Park revetments.

Sea plantain, sea arrow grass, and spartina survived thechange, but the whole area is now subject to landscaping aspart of the Bay redevelopments, and many native speciesare discouraged in favour of more formal planting.

The constant water level has removed the inter-tidal zone,which would have supported many species. There has beena scheme to encourage salmon, sewin and sea trout backinto the Taff to breed, including a fishpass inthe actualBarrage itself.

Waterfowl and wading bird populations have relocated tonewly protected areas including the nearby the Gwent LevelsReserve, just outside Newport.

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The Norwegian Church, Cardiff Bay

Norwegian ChurchAt the Old Custom Houseturn to the left to have acloser look at the East andWest Docks and Roath Basin.Double back behind the OldCustom house and continuestraight ahead towards theNorwegian Church.

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As the trade in and out of Bute West dock increased, moredock space was needed and - East Bute Dock (1855), RoathBasin (1874) and Roath Dock (1877) were constructed. Thenew docks were developed to accommodate the increasingsizes of vessels. The biggest by far was Queen AlexandraDock, which started trading in 1907 and is still in use today.

The Norwegian Church was built in 1868 for the growingpopulation of Norwegian sailors in Cardiff at the time, onland donated by the Marquis of Bute. The Norwegianmerchant fleet was growing rapidly and as a resultNorwegian churches can be found throughout the world. Thechurch fell into disuse and was dismantled in 1987, butsubsequently rebuilt on its present site.

New planting includes white poplar near the NorwegianChurch. Along this stretch, a raised lawn winds parallel tothe eastern side of the Bay, and is sided by a cement edgewith imprints of fish like dab and skate, starfish and whelkshells - a reminder of what would have been found along thenearby shores.

From the Norwegian Church there is a good view of PenarthHead - a chance to see some 'real' geology. The main cliff isof Triassic mudstones overlain with a harder Jurassiclimestone - it is possible to take a ferry out into the Bay totake a closer look.

The Cardiff Bay Visitors' Centre - known locally as the tube -has a virtual journey through Cardiff's maritime history andregeneration. If you follow the panels around the centre youwill discover the past, present and future of Cardiff Bay, itswaterfront and Barrage.

Find out more about the Norwegian ChurchVisit norwegianchurchcardiff.com

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Norwegian ChurchCardiff Castle

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A view of Cardiff Bay from PenarthMarina

The Bay and Taff TrailReturn to Roald Dahl Plassand turn left past therestaurant on stilts. At StuartStreet, cross over and turnleft. Turn right into AdelaideStreet and then left intoJames Street. Cross over theClarence Road Bridge andturn right onto the Taff Trail.

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Spot the 'Dolphins' - these are the wooden structures thatrise out of the water. When the bay was still a tidal zonepleasure steams and boats waiting for space on the wharfwould tie up here. At low tide, boats moored between thedolphins would rest on iron grids, giving access to their hullsfor repair work.

Look out for the Pierhead Building builtof red brick and terracotta - it remainsvirtually unchanged since it was built in1896 and was originally built to be ofprominence to ships entering throughthe dock.

Q Shed, now a restaurant, was built in1871 as a warehouse and waiting pointfor passengers boarding the Cardiff andBristol Channel steamships.

Clarence Road Bridge was originally apivoting bridge allowing tall-masted boats to pass up theriver Taff as far as the Town Quay. The present bridge wasopened in 1976 and is where the walk joins the Taff Trail.

The Taff Trail

Along the Taff Trail on the west bank hornbeams and limetrees grow, while on the east bank there are a number ofpoplars. Giant hogweed and hedge bindweed are also seenalong the banks - referred to as 'invasive' species as theyoften thrive and displace native vegetation.

Look out for: sea aster, sea sedge and scurvy grass - awatercress-like plant popular with returning sailors who wereshort of vitamin C.

You may spot herring and lesser black-back gulls,cormorants, mallards, swans, large white butterflies anddragonflies.

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Millennium Stadium and River Taff

Millennium StadiumAs you continue along theTaff Trail and pass the watertaxi stop under the bridgeand turn right into WoodStreet. At the end, turn leftinto St Mary's Street towardsthe Castle.

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The Millennium Stadium occupies reclaimed land on thebanks of the re-routed river Taff, which originally ran to theeast of its present course.

A map of Cardiff from 1840 shows the river running alongthe west side of St Mary's Street, with what is nowWestgate Street or Heol-y-Porth (street of the harbour)situated on the banks of the river.

By the mid 16th century there is mention of the Town Quay,which was probably situated where Quay Street andWestgate Street now join.

When the Glamorgan Canal was built in the 18th centurywith more accessible docks for bigger sea going vessels, useof the Taff for transportation went into decline.

St Mary's Street is a great place to spot a variety of oldbuilding stones.

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National Museum, Cardiff

National Museum of WalesTurn right on to Castle Streetand continue into QueenStreet, crossing the old townwall. Turn left into the Friary,cross over Greyfriars Road tothe underpass, turn right andhead back to the museum.

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On returning to the museum notice the Portland Stone fromwhich it is built - a white Jurassic limestone from Dorset.Sections of fossil shells can be seen in the columns andwalls particularly where the stone has weathered. The stepsare a Cornish granite with large white crystals known asfeldspar, while the interior is a cream limestone fromPortugal known as Santa Ana.

The Museum

Inside the Museum is an extensive interactive display - 'TheEvolution of Wales' - which explains the formation of therocks and landscape of Wales using videos animations andlife-size models.

Archaeology suggests that the first Neolithic immigrants inthe south Wales area bypassed Cardiff in favour of the Valeof Glamorgan - at the time Cardiff would have been wet andmarshy. So the story of Cardiff really begins with theRomans, 2000 years ago. They were among the earliestsettlers here after a prolonged struggle with a local tribe ofpeople known as the Silures.

Subsequently Saxons overran England, and the Welsh coastwas raided by Vikings. Twenty years after the Battle ofHastings (1066), the Normans were marching on Wales, in1091 Robert FitzHamon began work on Cardiff Castle andsubsequently a settlement grew up around the castle - thiswas now an English town within a hostile Welsh territory.

By the 18th century Cardiff was just a sleepy backwateraround a decaying castle.

The arrival of the Industrial Revolution to the area changedall of this. The iron industry developed in the 1790s, soonfollowed by the coal industry.

Cardiff was granted city status in 1905 by Edward VII, andwas proclaimed the capital of Wales in 1955.

Thanks to Tom Sharpe and David Jenkins - NationalMuseums and Galleries of Wales.

For more about Cardiff check out Cardiff Life.

Click here to return to the beginning of the walk.

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Walks in South East WalesCardiff life

NMGWGeologists' Association South Wales

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What does that mean? - a natural history glossary

Get into nature - the science you need to know

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