situational analysis srirangapur
DESCRIPTION
Situational analysisTRANSCRIPT
V & A Programme S i t u a t i o n a l A n a l y s i s S t a g e - I I R e p o r t , A P
SRIRANGAPUR VILLAGE, KONDURG
MANDAL
INTRODUCTION
Kondurg Mandal is one of the 64 Mandals in Mahabubngar District, it is
located in the northern part of Mahabubnagar District, 3 sides of the Mandal
are bounded by Ranga Reddy District. Kondurg is one of the Mandals with
largest number of Gram Panchayats (39 nos.) The Mandal is located at
around 17 Degree N latitudes and 78 Degree E longitudes. (see Map 3).
Photo 1 Srirangapur Village
The topography is undulating and dotted with granitic outcrops and sheet
rocks. Other features are bushy vegetation, scattered and thorny scrub land,
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intermittent streams, and few ephemeral tanks all combine to produce a
landscape serene and beautiful.
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Map 1 Villages in Kondurg Mandal
Srirangapur Village
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Srirangapur village in Kondurg Mandal is selected for V & A Programme. It is
located towards the eastern part of Kondurg Mandal, Mahabubnagar District.
It is situated at about 12 kilometers distance from Kondurg Mandal
Headquarters and 60 kilometers distance from Mahabubnagar town. It lies on
the road connecting Shadnagar and Pargi. This village has one hamlet called
‘Somarampadu’. The nearest town is Shadnagar, which is about 12 kms away
from this village. The National Highway No. 7 passes through Shadnagar
town. The area around the village has some granitic outcrops, the area is
undulating. There is a low order stream passing through the village, over
which a chain of tanks are built. The total geographical area is 484 hectares.
Although the ground water resource is good, this is being exploited at a rapid
phase.
Photo 2 PRA – Villagers participating in the resource mapping – Srirangapur Village
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Photo 3 Resource map of the as done by the villagers – Srirangapur Vullage
Photo 4 Participation of people in the awareness through ventriloquism - Srirangapur Village.
Self Help groups (SHGs), Rythu Mithra Groups (RMGs), User Groups etc are
existing and are functional. There are also village level institutions -
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Watershed committee and Association, Village Organization (VO)1 existing in
this village. Good transportation and communication facilities exist in the
village and overall literacy rate is better in this village.
SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
Populat ion
This is a heterogeneous village with representation of people from diverse
castes and socio-economic structure. The total population of the village is
923 with 187 households.
Majority of the villagers belong to Backward Caste (BC) and Scheduled Caste
(SC). The Other caste and Minorities are few in numbers. There is no
Scheduled Tribe (ST) population in this village (see graph 1).
POPULATION
0
50
100150
200
250
300
350400
450
500
ScheduledCaste
ScheduledTribe
BackwardCaste
Other Caste Minorities
Graph 1 Distribution of Population
With a population of 923 nos and 187 households this village is relatively
small in size. Somarampadu is one small hamlet under this Gram Panchayat.
The Sarpanch of this village is a Woman from Scheduled Caste.
The sex ratio is 951 (Males 473 and Female 450), this is in contrast to the sex
ratio of children below 14 years age (Boys 73 and Girls 88), which is high.
1 Federation of SHGs at Village level is called – Village Organisation (VO).
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Majority of the population is occupied with agriculture as primary activity.
And 90% of the population i.e., 188 people are identified as agricultural
laborers. The percentage of agricultural laborers is high because majority of
them are marginal and small farmers.
Number of non-agriculture labourers
4%
Number of village artisans
6%
Number of Agriculture Labourers
90%
The poorest of the poor (POP) are from the SC and BC community about 14
families are identified as poorest of the poor by IKP / VELUGU2 programme.
In this village the migration of people is not so high; only 24 people are
migrating seasonally and are engaged in construction and agricultural work.
The number of people migrated permanently are just four.
Education
Mogiligidda and Shadnagar are the two nearby places with schools and
colleges, most of the children go to these places for middle, secondary and
2 Indira Kranthi Patham (IKP) / Velugu : This the largest programme supported by World Bank in Andhra Pradesh State for poverty alleviation, facilitated by Society for Elimination of Rural Poverty (SERP), under the department of rural development, Government of Andhra Pradesh.
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higher level education. There are also 6 boys and 8 girls not enrolled in
school and 4 boys and 5 girls are working as wage laborers.
About 50 % of the people are literates, of which 62.3 % of them are Males
and 37.7 % are Females.
Self Help Groups (SHGs)
Eight Self Help Groups (SHGs) for women are existing in the village, which are
still in primitive and consumption stages. Most of them are involved in
agriculture and are yet to take up enterprise activities.
Role of women in the watershed programme: women are attending meetings
but decisions are taken mostly by men
SHGs participation in community decision making /activities – Members from
the groups represent but are not able to pursue better for getting an
assurance for proposed actions.
These are the areas where SHGs need to be strengthened; decision making in
agricultural activity could be further strengthened, involving them in non-
farm based livelihood activities (diversification and economic security), more
participation for improving the Natural Resources and motivating them for
political representation.
Health and Sanitat ion
There are only 25 sanitary latrines existing in this village, which would lead to
health problems as the number of sanitary latrines existing are inadequate.
Poorest of the Poor
There are only 4 poorest of the poor families identified in this village; they
could be given priority and be brought under the appropriate schemes of the
Government.
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Rainfal l and Temperature
The Normal Rainfall of Kondurg Mandal is 639 mm as compared to the
District Normal of 604mm. And the south west monsoon is erratic which
accounts for the maximum rainfall. This Mandal is also prone to drought as
every 3rd year there had been negative deviation in rainfall from normal (see
table below). Kondurg Mandal is an interior area, with hot summers (Temp.
39 deg C to 41 deg C) and warm winters (25 deg C to 35 deg C). The summer
period is from March to May.
Rainfall in (mm) Average
NORMALS 639.0 604.7
1999-2000 610.0 460.0
% OF DEVI -4.5 -23.9
2000-01 675.4 668.8
% OF DEVI 5.7 10.6
2001-02 772.6 686.6
% OF DEVI 20.9 13.5
2002-03 585.4 538.9
% OF DEVI -8.4 -10.9
2003-04 699.6 624.0
% OF DEVI 9.5 3.2
Land
The land use pattern of Srirangapur village is shown in graph 2. This data is for the
year 2004-05. Because of successive drought the currant fallows were high i.e., 389
Hectares. There is no land available for Forest and pasture lands.
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0
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450
Cu
rren
t fa
llow
Ne
t a
rea
sow
n (
tota
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pp
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Cu
ltiva
ble
wa
ste
Are
a s
ow
n
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tha
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on
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Barre
n a
nd
un
cu
ltiva
ble
land
Misc
ella
ne
ou
s
tre
e c
rop
s
an
d g
rove
s
Lan
d p
ut to
no
n-
ag
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Are
a u
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Pe
rma
nen
t
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an
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oth
er g
razi
ng
Graph 2 Land use particulars in hectares
Land Use Pattern Area (Hectares)
2004-2005
Total Geographical area 484Current fallow 389Net area sown (total cropped area) 372Cultivable waste 62Area sown more than once 32Barren and uncultivable land 22Miscellaneous tree crops and groves 7.2Land put to non-agriculture use 3.2
Table 1 Land use pattern
Soi ls
There are mainly two types of soils in the village, Red (60%) and Black cotton
soils (40%), Which are suitable for growing diverse crops.
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SOILS
Red Soil60%
Black soil40%
Graph 3 Types of soils
Agriculture
Agriculture is the main livelihood activity in this village and also the
dependent agricultural laborers are more. Majority of the farmers are
marginal and small land holders. Maize, Cotton, Paddy, Jowar and Castor are
the major crops grown in this village, which are grown mostly during the
Kharif3 season (see graph 1 and table 1).
CROPPING PATTERN
51
410
280
25 35
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Paddy Maize Cotton Castor J owar
IN A
CRES
3 There are basically three seasons, Kharif – Rainy, Rabi – Winter, Zaid – Summer.
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Graph 4 Major crops cultivation in Srirangapur Village
Table 2 Major Crops Cultivated and their average yields
Main Crops 2004-05 in Ac. Average Yield per Ac. In Kgs.
Maize 410 5280Cotton 280 5760Paddy 54 10800Jowar 35 1440Castor 25 3600Total 804
The major crops cultivated in this village in the last 20 years were basically
commercial crops Coriander (20 yrs back), Cotton (10 yrs back) and now
Maize (see graph ).
MAJOR CROPS GROWN
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
1
Maize Cotton Corriander
Present 10 years ago
20 years ago
Their priority had been changing because of market prices, input costs and
risk factors (due to pests). As this village is close to Hyderabad city and
Shadnagar town, vegetables are also cultivated like tomatoes, chilies and
brinjals. Some of the farmers are also growing flowers seasonally. Two
farmers are successfully cultivating Marigold, Chrysanthimum and
Kanakambaram or rubies which they are marketing in Hyderabad for good
remuneration. There is also one mango orchard of 2 hectares in this village
(see table 2).
Table 3 Horticulture - vegetables, fruits, flowers
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Name of Species No.of Farmers Area (Hectares)Tomato 18 4Chillies 14 3.2Brinjal 18 4.2Kanakambaralu 1 0.2Mango 1 2Total 52 13.6
Last year, few farmers started cultivating BT-Cotton. Farmers are planning to
increase their BT-cotton cultivating area in the next year too, even though
there were no encouraging yields from BT-Cotton4 grown in other parts of the
State.
The area brought under cultivation has increased in the last 20 years from
680 acres to 920 acres (see graph 6). This is due to increase in intensity of
cultivation.
AREA UNDER CULTIVATION
920
825
680
0
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1
Acre
s
Current (2005)
10 years ago (1995-2004)
20 years ago (1985-1994)
Graph 5 Area brought under cultivation
The chemical fertilizers use has increased, on an average farmers are using
upto 5 bags per acre of land.
4 BT-Cotton: Bacillus Thurengensis (BT) – Modified cotton crop to control occurrence of Helicoverpa pest.
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The farmers are satisfied with the outputs from rainfed crops such as Maize,
Castor and Cotton grown during the Kharif season (year 2005). Although
there were intermittent rains due to depressions in Bay of Bengal, it
appeared that they would loose their crops but the subsequent weather was
favorable, especially during the ripening stage and the crops were saved. Not
with the case of Paddy and Jowar, the intermittent rains arrived during
harvesting period and they had to face the losses (see table 3).
Table 4 The crops loss due to intermittent rains – year 2005.
Crop Sown
(acres
)
Damage
d
(acres)
Percentag
e of yield
loss
Remarks
1 Paddy 51 25 50 Heavy rains during
transplantation and
harvesting period.
2 Jowar 35 35 80 The left over grains would be
used as livestock feed.
Source: Field observations and discussion with farmers (October 2005)
The agricultural produce is sold to non-institutional sources without any value
addition. Although there are Rythu Mithra Groups (RMG)5 in the village,
farmers are well organized but are unable to get the extension services
effectively.
5 Rythu Mithra Groups – These are farmers groups, each consisting of 15 members, formed by the department of agriculture for facilitating farmers, for inputs, loan facilities, revolving fund, marketing, capacity building and accessing other extension services.
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Case Study 1
Mr. G. Ramchandraiaha is a middle aged farmer having 15 acres of land. He is eldest of the four brothers, who are living together as Joint family. They are cultivating Coriander seeds, sunflower, Tella Kusuma (oil seeds), Vama, Cotton, Paddy, Maize, and Vegetables (tomatoes and Brinjals). He is having one borewell source with which he is able to irrigate only few crops and rest of them are rainfed. They use fertilizers like DAP and Urea. Chemical pesticides are mainly used for vegetable crops and cotton. This family has the reputation as hard working and is respected by the villagers.
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Case 2Mr. Narasimha Reddy is about 45 years old, he owns 12 acres of land. This land was not so fertile with sandy soils. To improve the fertility of the soil, he applied the tank silt from the village tanks and red soil. Subsequently the fertility of the soil improved and he is able to cultivate diverse crops economically.
Photo 5 The Kanakambaram plants in the background and prepared fertile soil in the foreground.
For irrigation till 10 years back he had an openwell source, which has gone dry. He is using the water from a borewell source to irrigate part of his land. This water source is unable to support all his land so some of the crops are rainfed.
Earlier he was growing traditional crops like, small millets (tidalu, sajjalu and jowar) and pigeon pea. The management practices were primarily traditional, was applying Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and compost from sheep and goats.
But now he is no more traditional, growing crops like vegetables (tamatoes, brinjals, etc.) chillies, flowers (kanakambaram), paddy, cotton and maize. He is also using the chemical fertilizers (DAP, Urea, etc.) and pesticides. Recently he learnt the vermiculture and producing vermicompost in his field. He is considered as a progressive farmer by the villagers and other villagers follow him.
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Land Holding
Majority of the farmers in the village are Small and Marginal and majority of
them belong to backward and scheduled castes (see graph 3 and table 2).
The land resources are not distributed equitably, from graph it is evident that
other caste people are mainly large farmers.
LAND HOLDING PARTICULARS
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Total
Other BackwardCaste
Schedule Caste
Other CasteMarginal
Small
Large
Graph 6 Land holding particulars
Category of Households Land HoldingsMarginal
Small Large Total
Total 64 90 21 175Other Backward Caste 34 62 8 104Schedule Caste 26 24 2 52Other Caste 4 4 11 19
Table 5 Landholding size and the households
Livestock
The availability of common land / grazing lands is one of the limitations for
families not having large numbers of livestock. The number of families
possessing dairy animals has come down in the last 10 years. The availability
of the grazing land has come down very much from 100 acres to 5 acres in
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the last 20 years (see graph ). The private commons6 are also protected and
are not being allowed for common grazing. Livestock is also an important
asset to cope with drought situation and difficult times.
LIVESTOCK POPULATION
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Cows Bullocks Buffaloes Sheep Goat
Current (2005) 10 years ago (1995-2004)20 years ago (1985-1994)
Backyard poultry is a very common activity for majority of the people. The
small ruminants (sheep and goats) are possessed by limited number of
families particularly with specific community, Golla and Kuruva. There is also
priority and preference by people for engaging in dairying. There is need to
create alternative solutions for fodder availability to encourage keeping the
livestock.
6 Private Commons – Private Land available during off-season, where usually the land owner doesn’t object to other villages grazing their animals.
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Water Resources
The irrigation under tanks is very much limited due to non / poor
maintenance of the existing tanks. There are very few functioning openwells
and People are more and more dependent on the borewells. As a result the
number of borewells are growing every year leading to over exploitation of
the meager groundwater resources. For improving the irrigation sources the
following possibilities are existing:
1. Renovation of existing structures or strengthening.
2. Creation of proper drainage facilities for water harvesting and treating the
water logging areas.
3. Desilting of tanks, renovating the feeder channels and drainage lines and
removal of vegetation occupying the tank bed.
4. Creation of new water harvesting structures at feasible locations.
Watershed Programme
The watershed programme was started in this village in 2003. The watershed
committee has so far received Rs. 8 lakhs fund, about Rs. 6.5 lakhs fund is
still available. The works done so far are laying of earth bunds (174.6 mts),
constructed 7 masonry checkdams, 79 gully control structures and 450 kgs.
of Fodder seed distributed. 15000 saplings were raised in nurseries for
afforestation and social forestry and one feeder channel was also dug. Future
plans are to renovate 3 tanks with revetment and construct 2 more masonry
check dams. There are no conflicts in the village regarding the ongoing
watershed programme.
Watershed Information
Name of the Watershed Srirangapur
Funds received by WSC 8,00,000Balance funds available 6,50,000Total WDF Collected 1,50,000
Physical and Financial Information
Name of the ActivityStructures
completed as on today
Phy. Fin. (Rs.)
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Bunding (meters) 174.6 3.17699Masonary Checkdams (nos) 7 2.58691GC Works (nos) 79 0.73569Administrative 0.17563Fodder development (kgs of seed) 450 0.107Others A.F/S.F (saplings nos) 15000 0.09303Feeder Channel (no) 1 0.06Home seeds 0.060
The people have recognized and are aware about the importance of the
watershed programme, therefore there is good participation of people in the
watershed meetings. Greater role should be provided for SHGs in the
watershed programme to operate as user groups. Overall the watershed
programme is going on well in all aspects.
Graph 7 Resource Map, Srirangapur Village
Status of water resources, qualitative aspect
Surface water - Adequate storage facilities (tanks / ponds) are not created
and the available surface water is not shared judiciously.
Groundwater - About 75% of open wells are dry and/or about 25% of total
borewells are dry. The open wells can be used for recharging the aquifers.
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The number of borewells for irrigation has increased many times in the last
20 years.
Drinking water (DW) - Adequate DW sources are created and shared
judiciously. Water is available throughout the year. There are two hand pump
borewells, which are also used for drinking water. The village is having an
overhead tank and water is supplied regularly through pipes.
Soil Moisture - Moisture content improved very little with the
implementation of the watershed programme and farmers are able to get one
secure crop.
Energy
Most of the families are still using fuel wood as energy source for domestic
cooking, this is causing health problems to women. It also involves
considerable amount of time to fetch the firewood too. At the same time to
conserve consumption of fuel wood, there is a need to provide smokeless
chullahs.
Photo 6 A defunct biogas plant
About 65 LPG gas connections were provided to 65 families, which are not
used regularly for cooking, because the LPG refilling costs are very high for
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the families to afford. Although there are 4 biogas plants in the village, none
of them are functional. The biogas plants are damaged need to be repaired to
make them functional.
Energy conservation is also an important issue, to save energy (electricity)
there are some options like: The farmers need to install capacitors for all
agricultural borewells, this will not only reduces the consumption of the
power, but also prevents the burning of motors due to power fluctuations.
Lighting is the most essential thing, especially for children’s education, for
domestic and street lighting they could use white Light Emitting Diodes
(LEDs) which are cool, bright and long lasting. On pilot basis some Lighting
Modules could be installed in the village. With them villagers would save the
precious subsidized electricity consumption.
As majority of the farmers are marginal and small, the draught animals are
still a major source of energy for agricultural activities and local
transportation.
Women are spending lots of time and energy for fetching drinking water,
fuelwood and fodder, i.e., about 4 hours per day. Women need to walk about
1 km for getting the fuel wood for cooking and about 20 years back the
distance was just 0.5 kms. The fuelwood access has diminished over years,
because of excessive cutting. There is need to improve options in these
sectors for availability and access.
Common Pool Resource (CPR)
The CPR is very much limited involving community in CPR related activities
has little scope.
Inst itut ions Funct ioning at Vi l lage level
These are the following government departments or agencies programs /
services in the village.
Ongoing Programmes
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SGRY,
9th Finance commission,
DPAP / DWMA (2003-04),
The total amount allocated till date for the above programmes is 5 lakhs and
50 thousand only.
Natural Resources Management (NRM)
Agriculture Department / Rythu Mitra Groups (RMGs).
Animal Husbandry
Irrigation Dept (Minor / Medium / Major)
NEDCAP – (biogas plants)
Social Aspects
Dist. Rural Dev. Agency (DRDA) / District Poverty Initiatives Programme
(DPIP) / Indira Kranthi Patham
DPEP / Education
Medical and Health
SC Corporation
BC Welfare / BC Corporation
Social Welfare Department
Anganwadi / ICDS - Women and Children Welfare
Housing Department – Houses constructed by the government for SCs /
BCs / Poor.
Services
Civil supplies / Public Distribution system
Rural water supply (Panchayat Raj dept.)
Electricity
Telecommunications / BSNL – Telephone facilities
Artisans - Adarana scheme for artisans – supply of tools by Govt.
Infrastructure Exist ing
The following infrastructure exists in the village:
Water and Soil Conservation Activities
1. 6 no. of Irrigation Tanks
2. 6 no. of Borewells for drinking
3. 1 Overhead tank
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4. Check dams
5. Plantations of saplings
Buildings
1. Gram Pachayat Office
2. Primary School
3. Community hall
4. Bus Stop - Shelter along the PWD road (½ km from the village).
5. Mid-day meal center building – near the school
6. Anganwadi building
Roads
Within the village CC roads are existing and this village is connected to the
PWD road, about half km from village.
Common Facilities
1. This village is provided Electricity service
2. 1 Library/Resource centre is located in the village.
3. Telephone connectivity (8 connections) existing in this village.
Infrastructure gaps
Water and Soil Conservation Activities
1. 4 Irrigation Tanks
2. 2 borewell - Hand Pumps for drinkingwater
3. House Hold level connections from overhead tank
4. 4 Check dams
5. Plantation along bunds of 4 Water harvesting strictures
4
Marketing Infrastructuure
1 Community grains storage godown
Dairy
1 Milk collection center is required in the village.
Common Facilities
Villagers have requested for Village knowledge center and Automatic
weather station.
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READINESS AND WILLINGNESS OF THE VILLAGERS
During the focused group discussions the villagers have expressed their
readiness and willingness on the following aspects.
Adopting group centered management practices
Watershed programme activities through thrift groups by contributing
to works.
Involvement in production enhancement activities
Working on Agriculture based micro-enterprises.
Value addition to agricultural produce
Non-agriculture based micro-enterprises.
Promoting more percolation tanks for rainwater harvesting.
Development of assigned lands
Leasing of land to SHGs by the community
Seed bank and seed improvement
Management of kuntas and tanks
Desilting of tanks/conversion to percolation tanks and reviving
community practice of de-silting the tanks
Converting check dams to percolation tanks
Taking up ridge level percolation pits
Taking supply/feeder channels to the tanks and managing them
Use of CPR for tree plantations
Demarcating land for protection (from grazing & tree felling)
SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This preliminary study is useful in understanding the various types of
Resources and the ongoing livelihood activities in the pilot village. And based
on this study the following observations were made:
Agriculture
1. People are traditionally involved in agriculture but there is need for them
to adapt to the organic and sustainable agricultural practices.
2. Agriculture is the major livelihood activity in this village, hence there is
need to give them better skills in on-farm and off-farm related activities
On-farm: Floriculture, Olericulture and Horticulture.
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Off-farm: Dairy, Backyard poultry, ram lamb, sheep development, etc.
3. Farmer Field School (FFS) concept can be tried to demonstrate the suitable
sustainable agricultural practices.
4. There is scope to explore traditional knowledge in agricultural practices. PTD can
be tried to innovate locally suitable sustainable agricultural practices.
5. The villagers need to be mobilized for collective decision in choice of crops
and marketing.
6. There is no seed bank in this village, a seed bank could be promoted for
conserving the traditional indigenous seeds which are resistant to climate
variability.
7. A grain bank need to be promoted for food security.
8. Majority of the farmers are small and marginal, there is a need to provide
additional livelihood opportunities for the farmers.
9. The black and red soils are suitable for diverse crops.
10.Need to adapt scientific methods (like Soil testing) for better management
of the soils.
11. There is also need to provide with knowledge and technology to improve
the existing lands and to bring the fallow lands under cultivation.
12.Should have better Marketing linkages / information
13.Advise on cropping – choice of crops and management practices, there is
a need for better extension of services by the agriculture department.
14.There is still more potential for strengthening the farm based activities.
15.More working days could be generated under watershed programme
16.More credit could be accessed from banks for inputs.
17.There is a lot to improve or work for non farm based livelihood activities,
improvement of natural resources to cope in lean season and for food
security.
Livestock
18.The stress period for availability of fodder is during March and July. There
is a need to promote alternative measures to mitigate the impact. There is
great scope to grow fodder trees on bunds / under social forestry, avenue
plantation, etc.
19.There is a need to revive the dairy sector. The milk production is directly
related to availability of fodder. The farmers are well aware of the leguminous
fodder, there is a need to encourage and provide seed and other inputs for
fodder improvement.
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V & A Programme S i t u a t i o n a l A n a l y s i s S t a g e - I I R e p o r t , A P
20.Breeding is limited to few months only, between February and March, and
October and December months. There is need to improve the overall
breeding programme and also to control the seasonal diseases with the help
of para-vets yet to be identified.
21.There is potential for dairy as supportive livelihood activity, with the
storage and transportation facilities existing nearby.
22.Options for breed improvement to be explored (tellicherry goats, etc.)
Water
23. More area can be brought under cultivation through water
conservation measures and practices (reduced paddy cultivation, micro
irrigation systems, etc.)
24. The 14 open wells in the village are not functioning – can be made into
the recharge wells.
25. There are 6 tanks in the village out of which only 4 tanks are used for
irrigation and the total irrigated area is only 18 hectares. Need to renovate
the 2 tanks and to increase the capacity of rest of the tanks.
26. Under the ongoing watershed programme there is scope for
development in the following sectors - fodder development, Agro- and social
forestry, horticulture development, promotion of quality of seeds,
vermiculture, Sustainable Agricultural methods, non-farm livelihoods, etc and
also Facilitation for silt removal from the village tanks for application in the
dry lands.
27. Water balance studies can be conducted for calculating the water
harvesting potential and ground water exploration. This study is also used as
planning and monitoring tool for water management.
Energy
28. The villagers need to get exposed to the successful case studies
elsewhere on energy conservation and alternative technologies.
29. Need to revive the defunct biogas plants.
30. Villagers need to be introduced to Improved chullahs / stoves for
energy conservation, gasifier stove - Anila, solar cookers etc.
31. Explore options for installation of Gasifiers based electricity generators
– which would work with wasted biomass.
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V & A Programme S i t u a t i o n a l A n a l y s i s S t a g e - I I R e p o r t , A P
32. Installation of White Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in few households for
demonstration on power conservation.
33. Women are spending lots of time and energy for fetching water,
fuelwood and fodder, i.e., about 4 hours per day. There is need to improve
options in these sectors – availability and access.
Common Pool Resources (CPR)
34. There is potential to plant useful saplings all along the 10 acres of land
available along the road margins and 7 acres of land along the canal bunds
involving women SHGs.
Social Capital
35. Group centered activities are already going on in this village through
SHGs and Rythu Mithra Groups (RMGs) which need to be strengthened
further. Through provision of revolving fund the women groups could access
the credit for group centered activites.
36. Strengthening SHGs by facilitating access to credit and markets
through convergence.
37. Other CBOs in the village need to be further strengthened and
networked at the Gram Panchayat level.
Services
38. Establishment of Village knowledge Center and training center on
using the computers.
39. Establishment of Automatic weather station – for knowledge on the
climate variability and weather forecast. Information on anticipated weather.
40. More credit should be made available to the villagers through banks
and other sources for their activities.
41. All the households should have sanitary latrines.
42. Similarly the safe drinking water access to be made available to all the
households.
Livel ihoods Diversi f icat ion
43.Alternative livelihood activities: The people in this village are mainly
dependant on agriculture as primary activity. As majority of the farmers are
marginal and small, there is need for livelihoods diversification by the people.
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V & A Programme S i t u a t i o n a l A n a l y s i s S t a g e - I I R e p o r t , A P
The people need to be provided trainings and skills for adapting to diverse
trades. This would also provide additional employment opportunities. People
are well aware of the developments in various fields, therefore it is easy for
them to diversify and adapt to other livelihood options.
44. The women and youth in the village should be imparted trainings in
Micro enterprise development.
45. Alternative livelihood options need to be provided to the educated
youth in the village. For example youth could be trained on electrical repairs
(motor winding and pumps) and servicing home appliances.
ACTIVITIES COMPLETED
In Srirangapur village the following activities were completed till date
Awareness through interaction with community and awareness
programmes using folk media, songs, puppetry, street plays, etc.
Primary data collection – Structured format and Focused Group
Discussions.
PRA exercises for community participation, awareness and information
collection (Resource Mapping, seasonality and Transect walk).
Identification of Pilot Farmers and collection of the agricultural output
samples from Pilot farmers.
Grama Sabhas were held and the villagers have taken resolution to
participate in this programme.
Case studies (from pilot villages) collected.
Process documentation – record of activities and events in the project
villages, video and photo documentation of all the events.
ACTIVITIES PLANNED FOR YEAR 2006
A. Implementation of the Programme – F ield Level
Act iv it ies
1. Facilitate PTD on agriculture, water and energy for selected farmers and
groups
2. Capacity building farmers (on specific best practices1 ) and CBO’s
(institutional aspects)
3. Demonstration of location specific best practices
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V & A Programme S i t u a t i o n a l A n a l y s i s S t a g e - I I R e p o r t , A P
B. Capacity Bui lding, Documentation and Awareness
1. Validation and documentation of selected coping practices beyond pilot
villages
2. Awareness campaign on climate change/variability
3. Development of information, education and communication (IEC) material
4. Establishment of the Village Knowledge Centers
5. Training of weather Managers.
AFPROs role will be major with respect to all the above aspects, except for B4
and B5 points where it is supportive role to MSSRF. AFPRO will be working
together with National and International Consortium partners, through
sharing, learning and incorporating the ideas for successful implementation
of the V & A programme.
All the proposed activities for implementation are in Yearly Plan of
Operation (YPO), 2006.
Note:1. All the Participatory Technology Developments will be
implemented through Pilot Farmers.2. Where ever possible some of the activities will be implemented
through convergence with ongoing programmes.
ANNEXURES
I. SUCCESS STORIES OF NGOs IN ANDHRA PRADESH
II. MAPS OF KONDURG MANDAL
III. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS INFORMATION OF SRIRANGAPUR VILLAGE,
KONDURG MANDAL
IV. YPO, 2006
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