SIVA1

Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering

ground

Duration: 11 min 56 s

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Typical Geotechnical Project

construction site

Geo-Laboratory~ for testing

Design Office~ for design & analysis

soil samples

soil properties

design details

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firm ground

Shallow Foundations~ for transferring building loads to underlying ground

~ mostly for firm soils or light loads

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Shallow Foundations

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bed rock

weak soil

Deep Foundations

PILE

~ for transferring building loads to underlying ground

~ mostly for weak soils or heavy loads

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Deep Foundations

Driven timber piles, Pacific Highway

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Retaining Walls~ for retaining soils from spreading laterally

Road

Train

retaining wall

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Earth Dams~ for impounding water

soil

reservoirclay core shell

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Concrete Dams

reservoir

soil

concrete dam

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Concrete Dams

Three Gorges Dam, Hong Kong

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Concrete Dams

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Earthworks

Roadwork, Pacific Highway

~ preparing the ground prior to construction

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Construction hazard~ an unwelcome visitor at an earthwork site.

A dead Anaconda python (courtesy: J. Brunskill)

What does it have to do with Geo?#!

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Geofabrics~ used for reinforcement, separation, filtration and drainage in roads, retaining walls, embankments…

Geofabrics used on Pacific Highway

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Reinforced Earth Walls~ using geofabrics to strengthen the soil

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Soil Nailing~ steel rods placed into holes drilled into the walls

and grouted

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Sheet Piles~ sheets of interlockingsteel or timber driven into

the ground, forming a continuous sheet

ship

warehouse

sheet pile

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Sheet Piles~ resist lateral earth pressures

~ used in excavations, waterfront structures, ..

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Sheet Piles~ used in temporary works

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Sheet Piles

~ interlocking sections

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Cofferdam~ sheet pile walls enclosing an area, to prevent water seeping in

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Landslides

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Shoringpropping and supporting the exposed walls to resist lateral earth pressures

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Tunneling

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Blasting

For ore recovery in mines

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Ground Improvement

Impact Roller to Compact the Ground

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Ground Improvement

Sheepsfoot Roller to Compact Clay Soils

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Ground Improvement

Smooth-wheeled Roller

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Ground Improvement

Big weights dropped from 25 m, compacting the ground.

Craters formed in compaction

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Environmental Geomechanics

Waste Disposal in Landfills

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Instrumentation~ to monitor the performances of earth and earth supported structures

~ to measure loads, pressures, deformations, strains,…

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Soil Testing

Cone Penetration Test Truck – Lavarach Barracks, Townsville

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Soil Testing

More Field TestsStandard Penetration TestVane Shear Test

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Soil Testing

Triaxial Test on Soil Sample in Laboratory

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Soil Testing

Variety of Field Testing Devices

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Soil Testing

Being Pushed around by my Supervisors

Purdue University, USA

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Typical Safety FactorsType of Design Safety

FactorProbability of Failure

Earthworks 1.3-1.5 1/500

Retaining structures

1.5-2.0 1/1500

Foundations 2.0-3.0 1/5000

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Some unsung heroes of Civil Engineering…

… buried right under your feet.

foundations

soil exploration

tunneling

Great Contributors to the Developments in Geotechnical Engineering

Karl Terzaghi1883-1963

C.A.Coulomb1736-1806

WJM Rankine1820-1872 A.Casagrande

1902-1981

L. Bjerrum1918-1973

A.W.Skempton1914-

G.F.Sowers1921-1996

G.A. Leonards1921-1997

Siva’s teacher in USA – deserves gold frame

Siva’s teacher in USA – deserves gold frame

Geotechnical Engineering Landmarks

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Leaning Tower of PisaOur blunders become monuments!

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Hoover Dam, USA

Tallest (221 m) concrete dam

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Petronas Tower, Malaysia

Tallest building in the world

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and….

Monuments

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Geo-engineering at JCU

CS2005Geo-engineering I

CS3002Geo-engineering I

CS4001Geo-engineering I

PostgradMEngSc/PhD

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Practicals

~ five practical sessions

~ closed footwear must be worn in the lab

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Laboratory Staff

Neville Hines & Rudd Rankine

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Quizzes

about 4-6, 50 minutes each open book

How?

Why? to reinforce main points provides a wake up call form of assessment

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Past CS2005 Grades

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

HD 5 1 1 3 3 0

?

D 4 2 3 2 9 6

C 15 12 6 7 7 2

P 12 8 8 6 10 8

P- 6 0 2 4 1 5

N 12 10 12 14 9 13

X 0 0 3 3 3 1

Total 54 33 35 39 42 35

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Some Suggestions

Attend the lectures.

Develop a good feel for the subject.

It takes longer to understand from the lecture notes

It takes longer to understand from the lecture notes

It is practical, interesting and makes lot of sense. It is practical, interesting and makes lot of sense.

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Some Suggestions

Work in groups.

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Some Suggestions

Thou shall not wait till the last minute.

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Exams

My mama always said, “Exam is like a box of chocolates; you never know what you are gonna get”