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By:- Dhular Hassan Hriday Bhowal JnaneshMeaningSix Sigma at many organizations simply means a measure of quality that strives for near perfection. Six Sigma is a disciplined, data-driven approach and methodology for eliminating defects (driving toward six standard deviations between the mean and the nearest specification limit) in any process from product to service.Key pointsMotorola developed the six sigma methodology in the mid of 1980s.In six sigma 3.4 defect per million opportunities are permitted. That means 99.9997% products are defect free.It is a statistical calculation for analyze the quality.It is used for when problems are common place and not well defined. The main approach of six sigma for removing root causes.Can implement in any level of Organization ( from top to bottom)

Benefits of Six SigmaFor the organizationBottom line cost savings (5%-20% of turnover per annum)Improved quality of product or service as perceived by the customer Reduction in process cycle timesDevelopment of staff skills & speedWorld class standard

For the individualImproved knowledge and skillsAbility to use a wide range of tools and techniquesA status that is recognized world wide

Sigma - level

Sigma resultsSigma % of product (defect free)699.9997%599.98%499.3%393.3%269.15%130.85%06.68%(Defects Per Million Opportunities)In six sigma, on a long-term basis no more than 3.4 defect parts per million or 3.4 defects per million opportunities (DPMO) are permitted.

DPMO DPMO calculationWe observe 50 pizza is delivered incorrectly to the wrong addresses in Bangalore during a single day when a total of 20000 pizza were delivered. What is the DPMO in this situation?

So, for every one million Pizza delivered this city managers can expect to have 2500 pizza incorrectly sent to the wrong address.

DPMO ResultSigma DPMO63.45230462003670002310001700000}}}World ClassAverage Non competitiveRole and Responsibilities in a six sigma organizationMaster Black Belt :- typically assigned to a specific area such as marketing or HR etc.. They work very closely and share information with the owners. The responsibilities are;To ensure that quality objectives target are setplans are determined Black belt:- black belts are the hart of the six sigma quality initiative. The responsibilities are;Lead quality projectsWork full time until they are completedCoach green belt

Green belt :- Green belts are employees trained in six sigma who spend a portion of their time compelling projects, but maintain their regular role and responsibility.

Six Sigma MethodologyDMAIC

DMADV method is used for improving the quality of Sigma, it is amore detailed version of PCDA (plan, check, do and act).

DMADV

DMADV method is used for retain the quality of Sigma, it also include application in product and process design or reengineeringAnalytical Tools for Six SigmaFlow chartRun chartPareto chartCheck sheetCause-and-effect diagramOpportunity flow chartControl chart