Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire: 5th EditionSixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire: 5th Edition

Dale Pietrzak, Ed.D., LPC-MH, CCMHC

Personality Test Types

Objective

Projective

Clinical Normal

MMPI-2MCMI-III

BPI

16PFCPI

RorschachHoltzman

HTPTATER’s

Symptom Focus Trait-Motive

3 Domains of of Assessment

• Ability: What the person can do

• Motive: What the person desires

• Personality: What the person is like (Character)

Cattell & Johnson, 1986; Leary, 1957Cattell & Johnson, 1986; Leary, 1957

What on earth ishe talking about!?!

3 Types of Personality Data

• Life Data: Personality as it is revealed in everyday behavior

• Question Data: Person’s self-report of any type

• Test Data: Person’s responses to contrived situations, a non-conscious presentation or inferential (Projectives, IQ, Situation)

Cattell & Johnson, 1986; Leary, 1957Cattell & Johnson, 1986; Leary, 1957

16PF & Related

• Constructed using factor analysis– Different factors for adults and children

• 16 Primary Scales

• 5 Second Order Factors

• One of most used and researched instruments

• A great deal of validity data

Administration & Scoring

• 1 hour supervised

• 6th grade reading level

• Caution on using “b”

• 4 published keys (2 can be hand made)

• Calculation of Secondary Factors

• (No TV, movies, etc.)

This does notseem so bad.

Stability of Primary Scales

Scale 2 Week 2 Month A .83 .77 B .69 .65 C .75 .67 E .77 .69 F .82 .69 G .80 .76 H .80 .79 I .87 .76

Scale 2 Week 2 Month A .83 .77 B .69 .65 C .75 .67 E .77 .69 F .82 .69 G .80 .76 H .80 .79 I .87 .76

Scale 2 Week 2 Month L .76 .56 M .84 .67 N .77 .70 O .79 .64 Q1 .83 .70 Q2 .86 .69 Q3 .80 .77 Q4 .78 .68

Scale 2 Week 2 Month L .76 .56 M .84 .67 N .77 .70 O .79 .64 Q1 .83 .70 Q2 .86 .69 Q3 .80 .77 Q4 .78 .68

Only 1 scale under .75 (B) at 2 weeks.Only 1 scale under .75 (B) at 2 weeks.

Stability of Secondary Scales

Scale 2 Weeks 2 MonthsExtraversion .91 .80Anxiety .84 .70Tough-Mindedness .87 .82Independence .84 .81Self-Control .87 .79

Scale 2 Weeks 2 MonthsExtraversion .91 .80Anxiety .84 .70Tough-Mindedness .87 .82Independence .84 .81Self-Control .87 .79

At 2 weeks 84 to 91 percent of variance accounted for!At 2 weeks 84 to 91 percent of variance accounted for!

At 2 months only anxiety is below .70!At 2 months only anxiety is below .70!

Consistency of Primary Scales

Scale Alpha A .69 * B .77 C .78 E .66 * F .72 * G .75 H .85 I .77

Scale Alpha A .69 * B .77 C .78 E .66 * F .72 * G .75 H .85 I .77

Scale Alpha L .74 M .74 N .75 O .78 Q1 .64 * Q2 .78 Q3 .71 * Q4 .76

Scale Alpha L .74 M .74 N .75 O .78 Q1 .64 * Q2 .78 Q3 .71 * Q4 .76

Cronbach’s Alpha

* Most heterogeneous

16PF Uses Sten Scores

• Mean is 5.5 and the standard deviation is 2

• Sten 3 is the 11 percentile & 8 the 89 percentile

• Sten 2 is the 4 percentile and 9 the 96 percentile

• 1 is the 1 percentile and 10 the 99 percentile

I think I am Numbered out!

Primary Scales• Factor A: Reserved-Warm• Factor B: Concrete-Abstract• Factor C: Emotionally Reactive-Stable• Factor D: Low Activity-High Activity

– (Child Only)

• Factor E: Deferential-Dominant• Factor F: (Liveliness) Serious-Enthusiastic• Factor G: Nonconforming- Dutiful

Primary Scales Con’t

• Factor H: Shy-Socially Bold

• Factor I: Objective, Unsentimental-Sensitive

• Factor J: Low Attention Seeking-Internally Oriented (Child Only)

• Factor L: Trusting-Suspicious, Skeptical

• Factor M: Workable Oriented-Idea Oriented

• Factor N: Forthright- Private, Discreet (Tact)

Primary Scales Con’t

• Factor O: Self-Assured-Apprehensive Factor Q1: Attached to Familiar-Open to Change

• Factor Q2: Group Oriented-Self Reliant

• Factor Q3: Tolerates Disorder-Self Disciplined, Perfectionistic

• Factor Q4: Relaxed, Placid-Tense (Muscle), High Energy, Impatient

Secondary Factor Equations 1

• Extravertion: (.3A+.3F+.2H-.3N-.3Q2+4.4)

• Anxiety: (-.4C+.3L+.4O+.4Q4+1.65)

• Self-Control: (-.2F+.4G-.3M+.4Q3+3.85)

• Independence: (.6E+.3H+.2L+.3Q1-2.2)

• Tough-Mindedness: (-.2A-.5I-.3M-.5Q1+13.75)

1 Use the STEN Scores from Primary Scales.1 Use the STEN Scores from Primary Scales.

Take me to your numbers

Scoring Example Extraversion

Extravertion: (.3A+.3F+.2H-.3N-.3Q2+4.4)Extravertion: (.3A+.3F+.2H-.3N-.3Q2+4.4)

Scale Sten Weight Total A 7 +.3 2.1 F 7 +.3 2.1 H 9 +.2 1.8 N 4 -.3 -1.2 Q2 5 -.3 -1.5Constant 4.4 --- 4.4

Sten 7.7 Rounded: 8.0

Scale Sten Weight Total A 7 +.3 2.1 F 7 +.3 2.1 H 9 +.2 1.8 N 4 -.3 -1.2 Q2 5 -.3 -1.5Constant 4.4 --- 4.4

Sten 7.7 Rounded: 8.0

Secondary Factor Meanings• EX: Introverted-Extraverted (Socially

participating)

• AX: Little Anxiety-High Anxiety

• TM: Open-minded, Intuitive-Tough-Minded, Unempatetic

• IN: Accommodating, Selfless-Independent, Willful

• SC: Unrestrained, Self-Controlled, Inhibited

Response Style Scales

• Impression Management: 95 percentile call Fake Good; 5th percentile call fake bad

• Infrequency: 95 percentile call invalid– Hand scoring you must make your own key

• Acquiescence: 95 percentile invalid “true response set”; 5 percentile call invalid “false response set”– Hand scoring you must make your own key

Interpretation Process• Assess Validity (Impression Management,

Infrequency, Acquiescence)

• Extreme Scale for Broad Factors (1, 2, 3 and 8, 9, 10)

• Extreme Scales Primary Factors (1, 2, 3 and 8, 9, 10)

• Scale Interactions (Clinical Judgment)

16PF Example16PF ExampleA 10B 7C 3E 2F 4G 7H 9I 8L 8M 6N 4O 7Q1 5Q2 3Q3 4Q4 5

A 10B 7C 3E 2F 4G 7H 9I 8L 8M 6N 4O 7Q1 5Q2 3Q3 4Q4 5

Extremes RankedEX+ --AX+ --TM- --A+ A+C- E-E- H+H+ C-I+ I+L+ L+Q2- Q2-

Extremes RankedEX+ --AX+ --TM- --A+ A+C- E-E- H+H+ C-I+ I+L+ L+Q2- Q2-

36 Year Old Male36 Year Old Male

EX: 8AX: 8SC: 6IN: 5TM: 3

EX: 8AX: 8SC: 6IN: 5TM: 3

16PF Example Con’tA+ = Needs OthersE- = Adaptable (passive)H+ = Socially BoldC- = Emotionally ReactiveI+ = SensitiveL+ = SuspiciousQ2- = Group-Oriented

White Male, Age 34 ...

EX: ExtravertedAX: AnxiousTM: Hypersensitive