size of areas of defined use - biodiversitymonitoring.ch · size of areas of defined use ... dumps,...

KOORDINATIONSSTELLE BDM AUTOR: GI TPL:GI FREIGABE: GI, 22.2.16 REF:1260_E2_BASISDATEN_2015_V1_EN.DOCX 1

BASIC DATA FROM BIODIVERSITY MONITORING SWITZERLAND BDM E2

Size of Areas of Defined Use The E2 indicator documents changes in ecologically relevant land uses over time in Switzerland and its biogeographical regions. It is based on data gathered for the Swiss Land Use Statistics surveys, which have been conducted three times so far: 1979/85, 1992/97 and 2004/09. Surveyed areas of defined use have been condensed into 15 land use categories compatible with the European CORINE Land Cover system. Each type of land use creates different habitats and, as a result, different species communities typical of those habitats. While any change in land use will impact the living conditions of animals and plants populating the affected habitats, such impacts must not inferred to be inevitably harmful or favorable for biodiversity. Still, E2 provides valuable background information for explaining changes discovered by BDM indicators Z7 “Species Diversity in Landscapes”, Z8 “Population Size of Common Species” and Z9 “Species Diversity in Habitats”. In the past 25 years, above all artificial areas nationwide and forests at higher elevations have been expanding at the expense of agricultural areas. These developments are especially marked in parts of the Western Central Alps and in the Southern Alps. Status: December 2015 Contents

Development in Switzerland……2 Development in the regions……5 Supplementary data……15 Significance for biodiversity……17 Definition……17 Surveying methods……17 Further information……18 Data tables and complementary information……Appendix


KOORDINATIONSSTELLE BDM AUTOR: GI TPL:GI FREIGABE: GI, 22.2.16 REF: 1260_E2_BASISDATEN_2015_V1_EN.DOCX 2

Development in Switzerland

Table 1 below is based on Swiss Land Use Statistics, which categorize Switzerland’s expanse by analyzing aerial photos. Swiss Land Use Statistics provide data for the time periods of 1979 to 1985, 1992 to 1997 and 2004 to 2009. Land use and land structure categories used here follow the definitions established by the European CORINE Land Cover system. For this reason, deviations from figures published as Swiss Land Use Statistics cannot be excluded. However, BDM insights gained from these data correspond to trends revealed by Swiss Land Use Statistics.

Tab. 1: Development of land uses in Switzerland

Land use and structure categories Areas in hectares Changes in hectares Changes in %

1979/85 1992/97 2004/09 1st time period

2nd time period Total Total

Artificial areas

Building areas 114’993 135’476 152’009 20’483 16’533 37’016 32.2

Industry, commerce, infrastructure 102’954 115’202 122’381 12’248 7’179 19’427 18.9

Mines, dumps, construction sites 17’240 14’545 13’863 -2’695 -682 -3’377 -19.6

Recreational areas and green spaces 14’288 16’723 19’644 2’435 2’921 5’356 37.5

Total of artificial areas 249’475 281’946 307’897 32’471 25’951 58’422 23.4

Agricultural areas

Arable land 436’582 427’120 407’069 -9’462 -20’051 -29’513 -6.8

Permanent crops 28’686 29’737 28’796 1’051 -941 110 0.4

Permanent grassland 558’098 533’873 531’944 -24’225 -1’929 -26’154 -4.7

Field coppices and hedges 48’079 45’893 39’041 -2’186 -6’852 -9’038 -18.8

Total of agricultural areas 1’071’445 1’036’623 1’006’850 -34’822 -29’773 -64’595 -6.0

Forests and semi-natural areas

Forests 1’068’780 1’096’812 1’114’881 28’032 18’069 46’101 4.3

Shrub and herbaceous vegetation, semi-wooded land 208’821 209’458 208’244 637 -1’214 -577 -0.3

Alpine pastures (extensive permanent grassland)

543’374 523’934 513’860 -19’440 -10’074 -29’514 -5.4

Open spaces 647’900 659’680 675’339 11’780 15’659 27’439 4.2

Glaciers, firn 153’446 134’593 114’262 -18’853 -20’331 -39’184 -25.5

Total of forests and semi-natural areas 2’622’321 2’624’477 2’626’586 2’156 2’109 4’265 0.2

Wetlands

Wetlands 9’607 9’898 10’291 291 393 684 7.1

Waterbodies

Waterbodies 175’650 175’554 176’874 -96 1’320 1’224 0.7

Total expanse of Switzerland 4’128’498 4’128’498 4’128’498

© BDM (E2 indicator). Data source: Federal Statistical Office (FSO). Status: 2015



Fig. 1: Development of Switzerland’s land uses


Interpretation example

Between the first and third Land Use Statistics surveys (1979/85 to 2004/09), agricultural areas lost 54’516 hectares to artificial areas and 9’302 hectares to forests and semi-natural areas, with further minor losses in favor of waterbodies (228 ha) and wetlands (549 ha).

Comments

• Among artificial areas, the largest surface increase was registered for building areas at 37’016 hectares in total.



• Increasing by more than 37%, recreational areas and green spaces feature the highest growth rate among artificial areas. This increase is above all the result of the surge in sports facilities and golf courses.1

• Agricultural areas have declined by roughly 64’000 hectares or 6%. During the second time period, arable land has increasingly been converted into grazing areas, not only because Switzerland’s new animal protection act stipulates extended grazing times, but also because more and more farmers switch to keeping suckler herds or horses.2

• In the mountains, structure elements such as field coppices and hedges declining so considerably must largely be attributed to field coppices turning into forests. Lowland field coppices and hedges, however, primarily fell victim to farmland consolidation in agricultural areas within permanent settlement zones. Additional structure elements of this category disappeared due to growing settlements or alpine pastures.3

• Almost two thirds of the country’s expanse are covered by forests and semi-natural areas.

• While alpine pastures have been decreasing, forests have been spreading, particularly at higher elevations. New forests mainly started growing on isolated or steep lots.

• As a result of sustained climate warming, the area covered by glaciers and firn has declined by roughly 25%.

• For details on grouping Land Use Statistics categories into 15 BDM areas of defined use please refer to the Appendix.

Sources

Federal Statistical Office: Swiss Land Use Statistics Federal Statistical Office and Federal Office for Agriculture: Farm Data Survey

Status

Data: November 2014. The next update will be made after finalization of the fourth Swiss Land Use Statistics survey scheduled for the time period of 2013 to 2018. New nationwide results are expected to be available as of 2020.

1 Federal Statistical Office (FSO) (eds.), 2011: Landschaft der Schweiz im Wandel – Flächen für Freizeit, Erholung und Sport. BFS Aktuell. Raumnutzung und Umwelt Nr. 2. Neuchâtel, Bundesamt für Statistik. 4 S. 2 Federal Statistical Office (FSO) (eds.), 2015: Die Bodennutzung in der Schweiz – Resultate der Arealstatistik. BFS, 2 Raum und Umwelt. Neuchâtel, Bundesamt für Statistik. 23 S. 3 Federal Statistical Office (FSO) (eds.), 2015: Die Bodennutzung in der Schweiz – Resultate der Arealstatistik. BFS, 2 Raum und Umwelt. Neuchâtel, Bundesamt für Statistik. 23 S.



Development in the regions

Jura

Tab. 2: Development of land uses in the Jura


1979/85 1992/97 2004/09 1st time period


Artificial areas

Building areas 13’102 15’249 17’023 2’147 1’774 3’921 29.9

Industry, commerce, infrastructure 12’166 13’341 14’330 1’175 989 2’164 17.8

Mines, dumps, construction sites 1’786 1’978 1’919 192 -59 133 7.4

Recreational areas and green spaces 1’312 1’544 1’755 232 211 443 33.8


Agricultural areas

Arable land 60’889 60’867 59’309 -22 -1’558 -1’580 -2.6

Permanent crops 1’914 1’985 2’028 71 43 114 6.0

Permanent grassland 84’898 81’479 80’881 -3’419 -598 -4’017 -4.7

Field coppices and hedges 7’141 6’808 6’008 -333 -800 -1’133 -15.9

Total of agricultural areas 154’842 151’139 148’226 -3’703 -2’913 -6’616 -4.3


Forests 184’611 186’206 186’350 1’595 144 1’739 0.9

Shrub and herbaceous vegetation, semi-wooded land 13’645 12’679 12’288 -966 -391 -1’357 -9.9

Alpine pastures (extensive permanent grassland) 44’404 43’811 44’063 -593 252 -341 -0.8

Open spaces 1’167 1’156 1’027 -11 -129 -140 -12.0

Glaciers, firn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

Total of forests and semi-natural areas 243’827 243’852 243’728 25 -124 -99 0.0

Wetlands

Wetlands 714 710 767 -4 57 53 7.4

Waterbodies

Waterbodies 3’202 3’138 3’203 -64 65 1 0.0

Total expanse of the Jura 430’951 430’951 430’951




Comments

• In the second time period, alpine pastures have gained some ground in the Jura. This increase has mainly been caused by individual trees being cut down on so-called “Wytweiden” (wooded pastures). As a result, these areas dropped below the tree-density threshold required for the “semi-wooded land” category and are now considered to be “alpine pastures”.4

4 Oral communication, Federal Statistical Office.



Central Plateau

Tab. 3: Development of land uses on the Central Plateau


1979/85 1992/97 2004/09 1st time period


Artificial areas

Building areas 69’251 80’777 90’698 11’526 9’921 21’447 31.0


Mines, dumps, construction sites 9’357 7’520 7’162 -1’837 -358 -2’195 -23.5

Recreational areas and green spaces 9’572 11’015 12’760 1’443 1’745 3’188 33.3


Agricultural areas

Arable land 345’614 337’707 320’949 -7’907 -16’758 -24’665 -7.1

Permanent crops 14’653 15’628 15’136 975 -492 483 3.3

Permanent grassland 225’368 214’327 216’815 -11’041 2’488 -8’553 -3.8

Field coppices and hedges 15’100 14’701 13’578 -399 -1’123 -1’522 -10.1



Forests 256’468 257’474 257’449 1’006 -25 981 0.4

Shrub and herbaceous vegetation, semi-wooded land 1’111 1’091 1’158 -20 67 47 4.2

Alpine pastures (extensive permanent grassland) 722 714 717 -8 3 -5 -0.7

Open spaces 742 770 882 28 112 140 18.9

Glaciers, firn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

Total of forests and semi-natural areas 259’043 260’049 260’206 1’006 157 1’163 0.4

Wetlands

Wetlands 4’314 4’606 4’886 292 280 572 13.3

Waterbodies

Waterbodies 106’417 106’122 106’379 -295 257 -38 0.0

Total expanse of the Central Plateau 1’117’299 1’117’299 1’117’299

♥ BDM (E2 indicator). Data source: Federal Statistical Office (FSO). Status: 2015

Comments

• About 16% of the Central Plateau’s total expanse are artificial areas, which amounts to more than double of the Swiss average.

• Roughly half of the Central Plateau is covered by agricultural areas.



• In the second time period, permanent grassland on the Central Plateau has been increasing primarily due to the conversion of arable land into pastures. This trend emerged in no other biogeographical region.

• After increasing during the first time period, the area covered by forests on the Central Plateau remained nearly unchanged or even declined slightly. In all other biogeographical regions, forests keep expanding.



Northern Alps

Tab. 4: Development of land uses in the Northern Alps


1979/85 1992/97 2004/09 1st time period


Artificial areas

Building areas 18’354 22’005 24’647 3’651 2’642 6’293 34.3


Mines, dumps, construction sites 2’907 2’287 2’325 -620 38 -582 -20.0

Recreational areas and green spaces 1’700 1’950 2’392 250 442 692 40.7


Agricultural areas

Arable land 21’547 21’000 20’043 -547 -957 -1’504 -7.0

Permanent crops 1’906 2’018 1’931 112 -87 25 1.3

Permanent grassland 185’918 181’157 179’169 -4’761 -1’988 -6’749 -3.6




Forests 317’128 324’100 327’589 6’972 3’489 10’461 3.3

Shrub and herbaceous vegetation, semi-wooded land 65’218 66’105 66’582 887 477 1’364 2.1

Alpine pastures (extensive permanent grassland) 236’733 231’209 228’289 -5’524 -2’920 -8’444 -3.6

Open spaces 180’831 184’510 186’771 3’679 2’261 5’940 3.3

Glaciers, firn 41’166 35’378 32’370 -5’788 -3’008 -8’796 -21.4

Total of forests and semi-natural areas 841’076 841’302 841’601 226 299 525 0.1

Wetlands

Wetlands 3’158 3’180 3’205 22 25 47 1.5

Waterbodies

Waterbodies 38’295 38’338 38’921 43 583 626 1.6

Total expanse of the Northern Alps 1’146’671 1’146’671 1’146’671


Comments

• In the Northern Alps, the development of artificial areas, agricultural areas and forests and semi-natural areas is similar to that observed for Switzerland overall.



Western Central Alps

Tab. 5: Development of land uses in the Western Central Alps


1979/85 1992/97 2004/09 1st time period


Artificial areas

Building areas 4’471 5’895 6’896 1’424 1’001 2’425 54.2

Industry, commerce, infrastructure 5’510 6’583 7’074 1’073 491 1’564 28.4

Mines, dumps, construction sites 1’233 1’078 956 -155 -122 -277 -22.5

Recreational areas and green spaces 534 739 963 205 224 429 80.3


Agricultural areas

Arable land 3’264 2’844 2’495 -420 -349 -769 -23.6

Permanent crops 8’352 8’233 7’926 -119 -307 -426 -5.1





Forests 81’308 86’162 90’456 4’854 4’294 9’148 11.3

Shrub and herbaceous vegetation, semi-wooded land 29’484 30’453 30’366 969 -87 882 3.0


Open spaces 167’596 172’925 180’776 5’329 7’851 13’180 7.9

Glaciers, firn 82’541 75’779 66’789 -6’762 -8’990 -15’752 -19.1

Total of forests and semi-natural areas 429’137 429’277 430’191 140 914 1’054 0.2

Wetlands

Wetlands 212 219 232 7 13 20 9.4

Waterbodies

Waterbodies 5’977 6’092 6’393 115 13 20 9.4

Total expanse of the Western Central Alps 483’899 483’899 483’899




Comments

• The 35% increase in artificial areas registered in the Western Central Alps is both far higher than the nationwide average of 23% and the figures computed for any other biogeographical region. This gain has largely been paid by the loss of agricultural areas.5

• In the Western Central Alps, forests have been growing by 11%, more than double the nationwide average. A large share of this additional forest area corresponds to abandoned alpine pastures.6

5 Federal Statistical Office (FSO), (eds.), 2015: Die Bodennutzung in der Schweiz – Resultate der Arealstatistik. BFS, 2 Raum und Umwelt. Neuchâtel, Bundesamt für Statistik. 23 S. 6 Federal Statistical Office (FSO), (eds.), 2015: Die Bodennutzung in der Schweiz – Resultate der Arealstatistik. BFS, 2 Raum und Umwelt. Neuchâtel, Bundesamt für Statistik. 23 S.



Eastern Central Alps

Tab. 6: Development of land uses in the Eastern Central Alps


1979/85 1992/97 2004/09 1st time period


Artificial areas

Building areas 3’099 3’627 4’015 528 388 916 29.6

Industry, commerce, infrastructure 3’777 4’184 4’482 407 298 705 18.7

Mines, dumps, construction sites 641 580 520 -61 -60 -121 -18.9


Total of artificial areas 7’949 8’980 9’807 1’031 827 1’858 23.4

Agricultural areas

Arable land 2’147 1’969 1’870 -178 -99 -277 -12.9

Permanent crops 56 57 51 1 -6 -5 -8.9


Field coppices and hedges 3’234 3’196 2’414 -38 -782 -820 -25.4



Forests 95’814 101’212 105’072 5’398 3’860 9’258 9.7

Shrub and herbaceous vegetation, semi-wooded land 49’186 50’868 51’886 1’682 1’018 2’700 5.5


Open spaces 208’535 211’321 217’204 2’786 5’883 8’669 4.2

Glaciers, firn 23’334 18’742 11’834 -4’592 -6’908 -11’500 -49.3


Wetlands

Wetlands 801 791 803 -10 12 2 0.2

Waterbodies

Waterbodies 8’404 8’523 8’735 119 212 331 3.9

Total expanse of the Eastern Central Alps 584’378 584’378 584’378


Comments

• A good 90% of the expanse of the Eastern Central Alps consist in forests or semi-natural areas. In addition, the forest area has been increasing steadily, by a total of 9’258 hectares or 10%.

• In the Eastern Central Alps, the area covered by glaciers and firn has declined by just under 50%.



Southern Alps

Tab. 7: Development of land uses in the Southern Alps


1979/85 1992/97 2004/09 1st time period


Artificial areas

Building areas 6’716 7’923 8’730 1’207 807 2’014 30.0

Industry, commerce, infrastructure 5’527 6’383 6’691 856 308 1’164 21.1

Mines, dumps, construction sites 1’316 1’102 981 -214 -121 -335 -25.5



Agricultural areas

Arable land 3’121 2’733 2’403 -388 -330 -718 -23.0

Permanent crops 1’805 1’816 1’724 11 -92 -81 -4.5


Field coppices and hedges 3’076 2’628 1’897 -448 -731 -1’179 -38.3



Forests 133’451 141’658 147’965 8’207 6’307 14’514 10.9

Shrub and herbaceous vegetation, semi-wooded land 50’177 48’262 45’964 -1’915 -2’298 -4’213 -8.4


Open spaces 89’029 88’998 88’679 -31 -319 -350 -0.4

Glaciers’ firn 6’405 4’694 3’269 -1’711 -1’425 -3’136 -49.0


Wetlands

Wetlands 408 392 398 -16 6 -10 -2.5

Waterbodies

Waterbodies 13’355 13’341 13’243 -14 -98 -112 -0.8

Total expanse of the Southern Alps 365’300 365’300 365’300


Comments

• In the Southern Alps, agricultural areas have shrunk by almost 20%, more than triple the nationwide average. Artificial areas now exceed agricultural areas in this region.

• At a 15% decline, alpine pastures, too, have lost more ground in the Southern Alps than in any other biogeographical region.



• The area covered by glaciers and firn in the Southern Alps has diminished by just under 50%.

Source

Federal Statistical Office: Swiss Land Use Statistics Status

Data: November 2014. The next update will be made after finalization of the fourth Swiss Land Use Statistics survey scheduled for the time period of 2013 to 2018.



Supplementary data

Former use of new settlement areas

Since 1979, artificial areas in Switzerland have increased by more than 58’000 hectares, i.e. by more than the expanse of the two cantons Basel-Stadt and Basel-Landschaft combined. Figure 2 below illustrates the former uses of those newly built-up areas differentiated by level-2 BDM land use categories (see Appendix: “Land Use Statistics/BDM assignment table”).

Fig. 2: Former use of new settlement areas



In the 1980s, roughly 50% of the new settlement areas still used to be permanent grassland.

Comment

• Roughly 80% of all new settlements have been constructed on land previously used for agricultural purposes.



Development of alpine pastures

Since 1979, Switzerland’s alpine pastures have decreased by roughly 29’500 hectares. Figure 3 below illustrates the land uses that took their place, differentiated by level-2 BDM land use categories (see Appendix: “Land Use Statistics/BDM assignment table”).

Fig. 3: Development of abandoned alpine pastures



Since 1979, about 13% of former alpine pastures turned into open spaces. This term covers e.g. grassland not used for alpine farming, avalanche and rockfall protection structures, screes, alpine sports infrastructures and areas temporarily changed due to construction activities. Comments

• Alpine pastures abandoned by farmers before the 1980s have already been overgrown by shrubs and herbaceous vegetation. Eventually, these areas will end up as forests.

• In Swiss Land Use Statistics, alpine pastures are defined based on the Alpine Cadastral Land Register. Area perimeters have only been modified if access roads or enlargement/new constructions caused obvious changes.



Significance for biodiversity

Switzerland’s landscape is characterized by a wide range of land uses. Land use determines habitats and, hence, the species communities typical of those habitats. Changing land use also changes habitats, which inevitably affects local species numbers and compositions. Ever since the first Swiss Land Use Statistics survey of 1979/85, land uses have changed on a considerable share of the country’s expanse. While artificial areas and forests have been expanding, agricultural areas both in the plain and at higher elevations have been decreasing. Accordingly, there are fewer or smaller habitats available for species requiring arable land or grassland. On the other hand, species adapted to living in settlements now have much more room than 25 years ago.

Not equally manifest in all of Switzerland’s biogeographical regions, changes in land use have been particularly widespread in the Southern Alps, where 20% of the region’s agricultural areas are gone, and in the Western Central Alps, where artificial areas have increased by more than a third. By providing information on changes in land use in Switzerland, the E2 indicator reveals rough changes in the country’s habitats. Even though changes in land use will not permit direct inferring of increases or decreases in biodiversity, E2 data analysis makes an essential contribution to interpreting changes in biodiversity discovered by BDM indicators Z7 “Species Diversity in Landscapes”, Z8 “Population Size of Common Species” and Z9 “Species Diversity in Habitats”.

Definition

Changes in the total size of various areas of defined use in Switzerland and its biogeographical regions.

Surveying methods

The E2 indicator is based on Swiss Land Use Statistics surveys. Data are extracted from digital aerial photos superimposed with a sampling grid consisting of 100-by-100-meter cells. Using aerial photo interpretation, each of a total of 4.1 million sample points was assigned to one of 72 categories of defined use as applied by Swiss Land Use Statistics. Indeterminate sampling points were further verified in the field. The exact definition of these 72 categories is listed in the GEOSTAT data description for Swiss Land Use Statistics by nomenclature 2004 (Federal Statistical Office, 2013: Arealstatistik nach Nomenklatur 2004 – Standard. GEOSTAT Datenbeschreibung. Bern, Bundesamt für Statistik. 42 S.; not available in English). In order to allow comparisons with the European CORINE Land Cover system and differentiate ecologically relevant types of land use, the 72 basic categories used by Swiss Land Use Statistics were grouped into 15 BDM land use categories for the purposes of the E2 indicator. The three basic categories “semi-wooded land” (on agricultural areas), “field coppices and hedges” and “tree groups” (on agricultural areas) were further differentiated depending on whether they were found in the plain or at higher elevations and categorized under “agricultural areas” or “forests and semi-natural areas” accordingly.



The indicator was computed based on the Swiss Land Use Statistics survey of 2004/09. This latest survey involved methodological innovations, optimization of the catalog of categories (e.g. separate categorization of arable land and permanent grassland) and distinct surveys of land use and land cover. As a result, the previously published results of the 1979/85 and 1992/97 surveys needed to be adapted and revised. For this reason—and because previous computations comprised 13 instead of 15 BDM land use categories—the present version of E2 cannot be compared to previous versions.

Further information

In charge of this indicator

Marzio Giamboni, [email protected], +41 (0) 61 717 88 64

Related indicators

> E3: Size of Wilderness Areas > E4: Length of Linear Landscape Features > E5: Diversity of Land Use and Land Cover

Additional sources of information

> http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index.html (website of the Federal Statistical Office) > Arealstatistik der Schweiz (comprehensive information on the 1979/85, 1992/97 and 2004/09 Swiss Land Use Statistics; not available in English)

Additional non-illustrated appendix

> Swiss Land Use Statistics/BDM assignment table

This information is based on the German-language document 1260_E2_Basisdaten_2015_v1.docx dated December 16th, 2015.

http://www.biodiversitymonitoring.ch/en/data/indicators/e/e3.html



http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/erhebungen__quellen/blank/blank/arealstatistik/07/07_01.html



Appendix: Swiss Land Use Statistics/BDM assignment table

BDM main categories (level 1)

BDM land use categories (level 2)

Swiss Land Use Statistics basic categories

Artificial areas Building areas 3 Single-family and double-family houses

4 Surroundings of single-family and double-family houses

5 Row houses and terraced houses

6 Surroundings of row houses and terraced houses

7 Apartment blocks

8 Surroundings of apartment blocks

9 Public buildings

10 Surroundings of public buildings

11 Agricultural buildings

12 Surroundings of agricultural buildings

13 Unspecified buildings

14 Surroundings of unspecified buildings

Industry, commerce, infrastructure 1 Industrial and commercial buildings

2 Surroundings of industrial and commercial buildings

24 Power plants

25 Sewage treatment plants

26 Other supply and waste disposal plants

15 Freeways

16 Freeway green features

17 Roads, trails

19 Parking lots

20 Railway station grounds

21 Railway green features

18 Road green features

22 Airports

23 Airfields, airport green features

Mines, dumps, construction sites 27 Dumps

28 Mines

29 Construction sites

30 Derelict land

Recreational areas and green spaces 31 Public parks

32 Sports facilities

33 Golf courses

34 Campgrounds

35 Community gardens

36 Cemeteries



BDM main categories (level 1)

BDM land use categories (level 2)

Swiss Land Use Statistics basic categories

Agricultural areas Arable land 41 Arable land

Permanent crops 37 Orchards

39 Vineyards

40 Horticultural land

Permanent grassland 38 Open orchard grassland

42 Natural meadows

43 Farm pastures

44 Meadows and farm pastures colonized by scrub

Field coppices and hedges 55 Semi-wooded land on lowland agricultural areas

58 Lowland field coppices and hedges

59 Tree groups on lowland agricultural areas


Forests 50 Normal forests

51 Forest strips

52 Afforestations

53 Thinned or cut-down stands

54 Damaged forests

56 Semi-wooded land (on nonproductive areas)

Shrub and herbaceous vegetation, semi-wooded land

55 Semi-wooded land on highland agricultural areas

57 Alpine shrubland

58 Highland field coppices and hedges

59 Tree groups on highland agricultural areas

60 Tree groups (on nonproductive areas)

64 Alpine brush and shrub vegetation

Alpine pastures (extensive permanent grassland)

45 Alpine grassland

46 Permanently grazed alpine and Jura pastures

47 Alpine and Jura pastures colonized by scrub

48 Rocky alpine and Jura pastures

49 Alpine sheep pastures

Open spaces 65 Nonproductive grassland and herbaceous vegetation

66 Avalanche and rockfall protection structures

68 Alpine sports infrastructures

69 Rock

70 Pebbles, sand

71 Areas temporarily changed due to construction activities

Glaciers, firn 72 Glaciers, firn

Wetlands

Wasserflächen

Wetlands 67 Wetlands

Waterbodies Waterbodies 61 Standing waterbodies

62 Watercourses

63 Flood protection structures

size of areas of defined use - biodiversitymonitoring.ch · size of areas of defined use ... dumps,...

Documents