Sizing and Control of a Flywheel Energy Storage for Sizing and Control of a Flywheel Energy Storage for Ramea Wind-Hydrogen-Diesel Hybrid Power SystemRamea Wind-Hydrogen-Diesel Hybrid Power System

Prepared by : Khademul IslamPrepared by : Khademul Islam

Supervisor : Dr. Tariq IqbalSupervisor : Dr. Tariq Iqbal

Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science

Memorial University of Newfoundland, St.John’s, Canada

April 25, 2011

OUTLINEOUTLINE

IntroductionIntroduction Ramea Hybrid System SpecificationRamea Hybrid System Specification System Sizing & Steady State SimulationSystem Sizing & Steady State Simulation Dynamic Modeling and SimulationDynamic Modeling and Simulation Experimental Set-upExperimental Set-up ObservationsObservations Design of Control SystemDesign of Control System Results and ConclusionsResults and Conclusions

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

•Ramea is a small island 10 km from the South coast of Newfoundland.

•Population is about 700.

•A traditional fishery community

LOCATION OF RAMEA

Hybrid Power SystemHybrid Power System Hybrid systems by definition contain a number of power generation devices such

as wind turbines, photovoltaic, micro-hydro and/or fossil fuel generators.

The use of renewable power generation systems reduces the use of expensive fuels, allows for the cleaner generation of electrical power and also improves the standard of living for many people in remote areas

Canada is blessed with adequate wind resources.Canada is in a better position to deploy many more number of WECS.

WIND ENERGY SCENARIO IN CANADA

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RAMEA HYBRID SYSTEM

Load Characteristics

Peak Load – 1,211 kW Average Load – 528 kW Minimum Load – 202 kW Annual Energy – 4,556 MWh

Distribution System 4.16 kV, 2 Feeders

Energy Production Nine wind turbines (6x65 kW and 3x100 kW). Three diesel generators (3x925 kW). Hydrogen generators (200 kW)

RAMEA HYBRID SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

Load profile of Ramea

Wind Resource at Ramea

Weibull shape factor – 2.02.Correlation factor – 0.947.Diurnal pattern strength – 0.0584.

WIND TURBINES & HYDROGEN WIND TURBINES & HYDROGEN TANKS IN RAMEA ISLANDTANKS IN RAMEA ISLAND

E= ½ Iω2

Where, I= Moment of Inertia of the Flywheel and ω= Rotational speed of the Flywheel.

The amount of energy stored and released E, is calculated by means of the equation

FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES OF FLYWHEEL ENERGY ADVANTAGES OF FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMSTORAGE SYSTEM

High power density.High power density. High energy density.High energy density. No capacity degradation, the lifetime of the flywheel is almost No capacity degradation, the lifetime of the flywheel is almost

independent of the depth of the discharge and discharge cycle. independent of the depth of the discharge and discharge cycle. It can operate equally well on shallow and on deep discharges. It can operate equally well on shallow and on deep discharges. Optimizing e.g. battery design for load variations is difficult.Optimizing e.g. battery design for load variations is difficult.

No periodic maintenance is required.No periodic maintenance is required. Short recharge time.Short recharge time. Scalable technology and universal localization.Scalable technology and universal localization. Environmental friendly materials, low environmental impact Environmental friendly materials, low environmental impact

Table.1 represents the comparison among the three energy storage system such as Lead –acid battery, superconducting magnetic storage and flywheel storage system. From the above table we see that the flywheel is a mechanical battery with life time more than 20 years. It is also superior to other two with regards to temperature range, environmental impact and relative size

SYSTEM SIZING AND SIMULATION

Smart Energy (SE25) flywheel from Beacon Power Corporation is used for the system sizing which has highly cyclic capability, smart grid attributes, 20-years design life and sustainable technology.

Simulation is done in HOMER . For Homer simulation we used two conditions.

1. Simulation Without Flywheel

2. Simulation With Flywheel Fig: Beacon SE25 Flywheel

HOMER SIMULATION WITHOUT FLYWHEEL

HOMER SIMULATION WITH FLYWHEEL

Comparison of Simulation Results Comparison of Simulation Results without and with Flywheel Energy without and with Flywheel Energy

Storage SystemStorage System

Considering FactorsConsidering FactorsWithout Without FlywheelFlywheel

With With FlywheelFlywheel

Electrical Electrical PropertiesProperties

Excess ElectricityExcess Electricity 3.27%3.27% 1.94%1.94%

Renewable FractionRenewable Fraction 0.2380.238 0.2720.272

Maximum Renewable Maximum Renewable PenetrationPenetration

65.5%65.5% 76.6%76.6%

Diesel GeneratorDiesel Generator(D925)(D925)

Electricity GenerationElectricity Generation 3540199 kWh/yr3540199 kWh/yr 3382941 kWh/yr3382941 kWh/yr

Fuel ConsumptionFuel Consumption 965505 L/yr965505 L/yr 933848 L/yr933848 L/yr

Hydrogen Hydrogen GeneratorGenerator

(Gen3)(Gen3)

Hours of OperationsHours of Operations 752/yr752/yr 317/yr317/yr

Number of StartsNumber of Starts 43848/yr43848/yr 18727/yr18727/yr

Hydrogen ConsumptionHydrogen Consumption 7223 kg/yr7223 kg/yr 3345 kg/yr3345 kg/yr

Mean Electrical efficiencyMean Electrical efficiency 34.6%34.6% 34.8%34.8%

Operational LifeOperational Life 53.2 yr53.2 yr 126 yr126 yr

EmissionEmission

Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide 2552953 kg/yr2552953 kg/yr 2459094 kg/yr2459094 kg/yr

Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide 6349 kg/yr6349 kg/yr 6092 kg/yr6092 kg/yr

Unburned HydrocarbonUnburned Hydrocarbon 703 kg/yr703 kg/yr 675 kg/yr675 kg/yr

Sulfur DioxideSulfur Dioxide 5127 kg/yr5127 kg/yr 4938 kg/yr4938 kg/yr

SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS FROM HOMER SIMULATION

SIMULATION IN SIMULATION IN SIMULINK/MATLABSIMULINK/MATLAB

WS=8m/s

WS=6m/sWS=10m/s

WS=6m/s WS=10m/s

WS=8m/s

65 kW Wind Turbine Simulation 65 kW Wind Turbine Simulation

WS=12m/s

WS=14m/s

65 kW Wind Turbine Simulation Result65 kW Wind Turbine Simulation Result

WS=12m/s

WS=14m/s

WS= 6m/s

WS= 6m/s

WS= 6 m/s

WS= 8 m/s

100 kW Wind Turbine Simulation Result100 kW Wind Turbine Simulation Result

100 kW Wind Turbine Simulation Result100 kW Wind Turbine Simulation Result

WS=12m/s

WS=12m/s

WS=12m/s

WS=14m/s

Figure : Simulink Model of Diesel Generator Figure: Engine and Excitation System of Diesel Generator

925kW Diesel Generator Simulation 925kW Diesel Generator Simulation

Simulation Result of Diesel GeneratorSimulation Result of Diesel Generator

Win d -Die se l p o we r syste m in Rame a, Ne wfo u n d lan d

Diesel Generator 925kW

Co n t in u o u s

p o w e rg u iW s

W i n d F i e l d

A B CStep Change in Load

S co p e

A

B

C

a

b

c

S L

A

B

C

a

b

c

S C

A B CMain A verage load 500kW

A B Ca b c

L o a d 1

A B Ca b c

L o a d

FREQA B C

a b c

F re q u e n cy M o n o to r

A

B

C

Flywheel Energy Storage System

A

B

C

Op e n th i s b l o ck

to vi su a l i zere co rd e d si g n a l s

Da ta A cq u i si t i o n S ta t i o n 1

Op e n th i s b l o ck

to vi su a l i zere co rd e d p o we r si g n a l s

Da ta A cq u i si t i o n S ta t i o n 2

A B C

a b c

4 .1 6 kV / 4 8 0 V

1 5 0 K V A

A

B

C

390kW

A

B

C

300kW

A B C

a b c

3 -P h a se B re a ke r

SIMULATION OF RAMEA HYBRID POWER SYSTEM

Charging of FW

Discharging of FW

Change in load

Change in frequency

Effect of load changing in system frequency and flywheel charging and

discharging characteristicsWind turbines and diesel generator

simulation output of Ramea hybrid power system from Simulink.

SIMULATION RESULTS OF RAMEA HYBRID POWER SYSTEM

Experimental Set-upExperimental Set-up

Supply

DC Motor/Generator

Control-able

power supply

Control Signal

Main Control System

Flywheel Grid

DC Machine Based FW StorageDC Machine Based FW Storage

Components usedComponents used Controllable power supply (two)Controllable power supply (two) Phase control relay, 6V dc (two)Phase control relay, 6V dc (two) Electromechanical relay (two) Electromechanical relay (two) DC machine (3Hp/2kw, 1750RPM, 120V)DC machine (3Hp/2kw, 1750RPM, 120V) Data acquisition card [USB1208LS] from measurement computing. Data acquisition card [USB1208LS] from measurement computing.

(one)(one) Voltage and Current Sensor (one)Voltage and Current Sensor (one) Speed Sensor [output 0-10V dc ] (one)Speed Sensor [output 0-10V dc ] (one) Cast steel Flywheel rotor (one)Cast steel Flywheel rotor (one) Logic Power Supply(+/- 15 Volts, DC)Logic Power Supply(+/- 15 Volts, DC) A personal ComputerA personal Computer

DC Motor Based FW StorageDC Motor Based FW Storage

Current Sensor

Voltage Sensor

Relays

Amplifier circuit

Data acquisition card

Flywheel Disk

DC Machine(Motor/Generator)

DC Current Transducer (CR5200)DC Current Transducer (CR5200)

Double Gain AmplifierDouble Gain Amplifier

Calibration Curve for the Rotational Speed of the Motor

Calibration Curve for the Controllable Power Supply Unit

Calibration CurvesCalibration Curves

Electromechanical Relay and Relay Driving Electromechanical Relay and Relay Driving CircuitCircuit

CONTROL SYSTEM OF FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE

Yes

Yes

No

Convert the grid Voltage to Frequency, f

Start

Initialize Motor Starting Parameters

Calculate actual speed of the machine

Read Voltage from Tacho Generator

Read Voltage from the Grid

Operate Relay 1(Generating Mode)

Operate Relay 2Motoring Mode)

Display Results

Is f <60 Hz

Is f >60 Hz

No

EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS

Summary of ObservationsSummary of Observations

Vamax(Volts)

Vf(Volt) Load(W)

ChargeEnergy

DischargeEnergy

Efficiency(%)

ChrgTime(Sec)

Dcrge Time(Sec)

80 100 100 1.85E+01 1.04E+01 56.21621622 235 223

80 100 200 1.84E+01 1.03E+01 55.97826087 264 194

100 100 200 3.06E+01 1.74E+01 56.92810458 340 225

100 80 100 3.33E+01 1.81E+01 54.34913017 341 300

80 100 300 1.88E+01 1.02E+01 54.25531915 235 172

100 100 300 3.24E+01 1.71E+01 52.87037037 353 201

100 80 300 3.34E+01 1.69E+01 50.5988024 325 233

100 70 300 3.54E+01 1.95E+01 55.08474576 295 250

100 70 100 3.57E+01 1.82E+01 50.98039216 356 309

100 60 300 3.12E+01 1.73E+01 55.44871795 353 231

Design of Control SystemDesign of Control System

Optimum Control System Design ParametersOptimum Control System Design Parameters

Minimum Charging ParametersMinimum Charging Parameters

-Vamax=80 Volts, Vf = 100 Volts-Vamax=80 Volts, Vf = 100 Volts

Maximum Discharging ParametersMaximum Discharging Parameters

- Vf= 100, Load= 100 Watts- Vf= 100, Load= 100 Watts

Armature and Field Control Armature and Field Control CircuitCircuit

Results clearly shows that an addition of a flywheel system will

Reduce excess electricity, Increase maximum renewable penetration, Reduce fuel consumption, and number of diesel starts per year, Increase operational life and reduce emissions.

From Ramea system simulation in Simulink , it clearly shows that a step change in the load of 50kW will lead to a frequency deviation of 0.3Hz. System flywheel will provide more that 50kW for few seconds to maintain system frequency.

Based on the Experimental observations, a control system is designed for minimum input energy and maximum output energy. Visual Basic language is used for the designed control system.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

Therefore, we suggest an addition of a 25kWh flywheel system to Ramea hybrid power system.

Future WorkFuture Work

Pump Hydro Storage For Long Term StoragePump Hydro Storage For Long Term Storage

Advanced Flywheel System. Advanced flywheel Advanced Flywheel System. Advanced flywheel system rotate above 20,000 rpm in vacuum system rotate above 20,000 rpm in vacuum enclosure made from high strength carbon enclosure made from high strength carbon composite filament will be very efficient composite filament will be very efficient

List of Publications:List of Publications:

1. K.Islam, M.T. Iqbal “Flywheel Energy Storage System for an Isolated Wind-

Hydrogen-Diesel Power System” Presented in WESNet Poster Presentation,

CanWEA, 2010, Montreal, Canada

2. K.Islam, M.T. Iqbal and R. Ashshan “Sizing and Simulation of Flywheel Energy

Storage System for Ramea Hybrid Power System” Presented at 19th IEEE-

NECEC Conference 2010, St. John’s, Canada

3. K.Islam, M.T. Iqbal and R. Ahshan “Experimental Observations for Designing &

Controlling of Flywheel Energy Storage System” Presented at 19th IEEE-NECEC

Conference 2010, St.John’s, NL, Canada

4. K.Islam and M.T Iqbal “Sizing and Control of Flywheel Energy Storage for a

Remote Hybrid Power System” Presented at WESNet Workshop, February 24-

25, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada 2011.

Acknowledgment

Dr. Tariq Iqbal

This work is supported by a research grant from the National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada through WESNet. We also thank Newfoundland Hydro and Memorial University of Newfoundland for providing data and support

Also thanks to Razzaqul Ahshan, Nahidul Khan and Greg O Lory

ThanksThanks

Questions ?Questions ?