skc - a global company

world leader in sampling technologies

SKC - A Global Company

SKC is a GLOBAL company

Distributors in over 50 countries

We work as a single company

SKC LtdSKC Ltd

UKUK

01258 48018801258 480188

www.skcltd.comwww.skcltd.com


1500 BC EBERS PAPYRUS, EGYPTIAN PHYSICIANS RECOGNIZE TOXIC EFFECTS

4TH C BC HIPPOCRATES, BEGINNING OF SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATION, ASBESTOS DISEASE RECOGNISED

82 BC LEX CORNELIA MAKES POISONING ILLEGAL

54 AD PLINY THE ELDER, MERCURY REFINERS USE BLADDERS OVER FACE TO PROTECT AGAINST DUST

1473 ELLENBORG, RECOGNIZED CHRONIC LEAD AND MERCURY POISONING

1493-1541 PHILIPUS PARACELSUS, CORRELATED "MINERS DISEASES" WITH METAL FUME

1500s CANARIES INTO THE MINES

1519-1589 CATHERINE DE MEDICI, HUMAN EXPERIMENTATION

1556 AGRICOLA, RECOGNIZED "ASTHMA" AMONG MINERS

1700 RAMAZZINI, RECOGNIZED OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES AND PRESCRIBED CURES

1775 PERCIVAL POTT, RECOGNIZED SCROTAL CANCER AS A RESULT OF CLEANING CHIMNEYS

1833 FACTORY ACT, ENGLAND LIMITS HOURS OF CHILD LABOUR 1839 GERMANY BANS CHILD LABOUR IN DANGEROUS OCCUPATIONS

1864 ENGLAND'S FACTORY ACT PROVIDES FOR INSPECTION OF FACTORIES

1877 FACTORY INSPECTION IN USA

1884 K.B. LEHMANN, STUDIED TOXIC EFFECTS OF GASES ON ANIMALS

1905 BENZO (a) PYRENE IDENTIFIED AS CARCINOGEN, FIRST CHEMICAL CARCINOGEN

1910 FIRST NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASES

Tim

e L

ine


Ingestion (uptake) Routes

CONTAMINATIONCONTAMINATION

IN THE IN THE AIRAIR

SKINSKIN

SURFACESURFACE

SPILLSPILLBREATHINBREATHINGG


Air Sampling OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENEThe factory/workplaceIndoor air quality

OUR ENVIRONMENTInner citiesAgriculturePesticides - herbicides, - fungicides

INDUSTRIAL Incineration/WasteStacks and DuctsPower generation


Air Sample• Air is passed through a tube, filter or other

collecting media, at a set air flowrate.

• The amount collected is checked by the laboratory and reported usually

• in mg/m3 or ppm.


Air Sample• To have a valid sample with

MEANINGFUL results you will need:• to select a relevant sample method• to choose the right media• to set the correct flow rate• to sample for an appropriate time• to analyse the sample accordingly

• + COMMON SENSE!


• WHO

• WHERE

• WHEN

• WHAT

• HOW

SAMPLING

METHOD


Personal V Static

ALL exposure limits are based on

PERSONAL SAMPLES

And MUST be taken in the And MUST be taken in the Breathing ZoneBreathing Zone

30 cm 30 cm Hemisphere Hemisphere around the around the nose and nose and

mouthmouth


Types of Contaminant

SOLIDSOLID

AerosolAerosol

FumeFume

SmokeSmoke

DustDust


Choosing an Air Sampling Method

• EH 40/2005 - UK guidelines lists M.D.H.S. methods

• Websites: N.I.O.S.H, O.S.H.A., H.S.E.

• Supplier information• Laboratory advice


Sources of MethodsUK Methods

- FREE at: www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/mdhs/index.htm - MDHS 42/2

- PurchaseHSE books 01787 881165

- Subscriptionwww.hsedirect.com

- SKC Factfiles onlinewww.skcinc.com/hse/HSE.asp

USA methodswww.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/toc/toc_chemsamp.html methods – ID121/125G.

www.cdc.gov/niosh/database.html-methods - 7300/7301/7303.


Guidelines appear in

MDHS 14/3

For Nickel MDHS

42/2 and 91

Health and Safety Executive


Sampling for Particulates


ISO/CEN ConventionsEN481

THORACIC:THORACIC: UPTO 30 MICRONS UPTO 30 MICRONS

RESPIRABLE:RESPIRABLE: UPTO 14 MICRONS UPTO 14 MICRONS


Inhalable Dust

• Affects the whole of

the respiratory system

• 100 micron at 50% cut

• Blanket level of…

10 mg/m3Ni = 0.1 or 0.5.mg/m3.

Per EH40/2005.

• Affects the whole of

the respiratory system

• 100 micron at 50% cut

• Blanket level of…

10 mg/m3Ni = 0.1 or 0.5.mg/m3.

Per EH40/2005.


Inhalable Dust samplingThe I.O.M. sampler

• Inhalable sampler

• Cassette system

• All collected dust is measured

• Easily handled

• No contact with filter

• Mimics inhalation by a person

• Multi fraction sampling with

foam inserts

IOM IOM samplersampler

IOM IOM cassettecassette TransporTranspor

t clipt clip

Front Cassette Filter Support O Front Cassette Filter Support O ring Bodyring Bodycover front gridcover front grid


IOM Cassette

• IOM Cassette.• Cassette and filter are

pre and post weighed as a single unit

1.5000


Sample Train

Is made up of :• Pump• Connecting tube• Sampler

• This should be calibrated to a flow of 2 L/min

SAMPLESAMPLERR

CONNECTINGCONNECTINGTUBETUBE

PUMPPUMP


CalibrationTo Calibrate• Switch on pump• Connect sampler to

calibrator• Ensure no leaks• Adjust flow to

recommended level• Switch off pump


Sample train calibration• Calibration in the case of air sampling with

active systems, is defined as:

• The setting of the air flow through the filter medium, to the recommended level for the method being used.

• Flow should be checked before and after EACH sample. (UK MDHS method series)


Electronic Calibration

• Easy to use

• Accurate

• Quick results

• Not open to misinterpretation

• More expensive option


Rotameters

• Cheap option• Simple to use• Accuracy can vary• Open to misreading• Come as ‘ball’ or

‘float’ reading• FSD


Surface and Skin Monitoring

• Monitoring the redness, hydration and epidermal waterloss of skin can be a useful measure of exposure

• Monitor the surfaces where exposure occurs for cleanliness •Niosh 9102.


Ventilation Systems

•Regular checks should be made

that your ventilation system

is working correctly


Any Questions?

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