SKELETAL AND IMMUNE SYSTEM QUIZ

1. An intravenous infusion causing a

sharp rise in the blood level of

calcium will most likely result in:a. Increased osteoclast activity,

raising the blood level of

calcium.b. increased osteoclast activity

lowering the blood level of

calcium.c. increased osteoblast activity

lowering the blood level of

calcium.d. increased osteoblast activity,

raising the blood level of

calcium.2. Compared to the bones of an adult,

the bones of a growing child:a. show areas of cartilage in the

long bones.b. have more aversian canals.c. have fewer osteoblasts.d. are more dense.

!. "he ma#ority of the $C class II

molecules on the surface of a cell

infected with a bacterium will have

bound peptides that are derived

from:a. %iller " cellsb. "he bacteriumc. "he host cell

&. 'hich of the following statements

is true regarding activated ( cells)I. Activated ( cells contain more

rough endoplasmic reticulum

than activated " cellsII. Activated ( cells contain more

lysosomes than macrophagesIII. Activated ( cells contain no

nucleusa. I onlyb. II onlyc. I and II onlyd. I and III only

*.+..

-. 'hich of the following is not a

nonspecic immune defense)a. ydrochloric acid produced

by the gastric glandsb. /yso0yme in tearsc. Intact epidermal cellsd. roduction of antibodies

. 'hich of the following statements

best describes the di3erence

between the humoral response and

the cellular response)a. "he humoral response is a

specic immune response

while the cellular response is

nonspecic.b. "he cellular response is

directed against pathogens

that have entered body cells,

while the humoral response

is directed against free

4oating antigens.c. 5nly the humoral response

results in immunological

memory.d. "he cellular response

involves the production of

antibodies while the humoral

response does not.

16.

11.

12.

1!.

1&.

1*.

1+.

1.

1-.

1.

7keletal and Immune 7ystem 8ui0 1

 

26. $yasthenia gravis is a

neuromuscular disease that

researchers believe is caused by an

autoimmune reaction in which

antibodies are produced against

the acetylcholine receptor in the

neuromuscular #unction after a viral

infection. 'hich of the following

statements provides the best

e9planation of the cause of

autoimmune myasthenia gravis)a. iral proteins are recogni0ed

as ;self;, and antibodies

produced against the virus

cross<react with the

acetylcholine receptorb. iral proteins are recogni0ed

as ;self;, and antibodies

produced against the virus do

not cross<react with the

acetylcholine receptor.c. iral proteins are recogni0ed

as ;non<self;, and antibodies

produced against the virus

cross<react with the

acetylcholine receptord. iral proteins are recogni0ed

as ;non<self;, and antibodies

produced against the virus do

not cross<react with the

acetylcholine receptor.

21.

22.

2!.

2&.

2*. "he transfer of antibodies

from one individual who is immune

to a particular disease to another

individual who is not immune to

that disease is an e9ample of:a. naturally ac=uired active

immunity.b. naturally ac=uired passive

immunity.c. articially ac=uired active

immunity.d. Articially ac=uired passive

immunity2+. A chronic dietary deciency

in calcium would have the same

e3ect on bone structure as which

of the following abnormalities)a. >nderproduction of

parathyroid hormoneb. 5ver reduction of calcitoninc. Abnormally high osteoclast

activityd. Abnormally high osteoblast

activity2. Abnormal cells that could

potentially turn cancerous possess

molecular markers that are not

found on normal cells. 5nce

identied by the immune system,

these cells are destroyed. 'hich

type of immune cell is responsible

for destroying these abnormal

cells)a. ( cellb. "o9ic " cellc. 7uppressor " celld. elper " cell

2-.

2.

7keletal and Immune 7ystem 8ui0 2

 

I.

.

I.

II.

III.

I?.

X. SKELETAL & IMMUNE SYSTEM ANSWER KEY 

1. Choice @C is the correct answer. If there is a sharp rise in the blood level of calcium, the body will work

to lower the calcium level in order to maintain homeostasis. "he cells that function in calcium

homeostasis are the osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Becall that osteoclasts break down bone, releasing

calcium into the blood, while osteoblasts build bone, removing calcium from the blood. In this case, the

body works to lower the blood level of calcium, so choice @A can be eliminated, since increased

osteoclast activity would raise blood calcium. Choice @( can be eliminated since it is a false statement:

an increase in osteoclast activity would raise the blood level of calcium, not lower it. Choice @ can be

eliminated since it is a false statement: an increase in osteoblast activity would lower the blood level of 

calcium, not raise it.2. "he epiphyseal plate, composed of cartilage, is the site of longitudinal growth in long bones. "he bones

of a growing child would show areas of cartilage, while the bones of an adult would not. Choice @( is

incorrect since the bones of a child would not necessarily have more aversian canals than those of an

adult. Choice @C is incorrect since the bones of a child would likely have more osteoblasts than an adult,

since osteoblasts are responsible for building bone. Choice @ is incorrect, since the bones of a child

would not necessarily be denser than those of an adult. Choice @A is the correct answer. Choice @A is

the correct answer.!. 'hen a pathogen is ingested b y a macrophage, the pathogen is broken down into polypeptide

fragments. "hese polypeptide fragments are then displayed by the $C class II molecules on the

surface of the cell. Choice @( is the correct answer. Choice @ is the correct answer. Insulin acts to

decrease blood glucose levels while glucagon increases blood glucose level.&. "he primary function of activated ( cells is to produce antibodies to be secreted, while activated " cells

do not have as much of a secretory role. Antibodies are composed of & protein subunits. "hus,

activated ( cells would contain more rough endoplasmic reticulum, since the rough DB is the cellular

organelle responsible for the production of secretory proteins. 7tatement I must be part of the correct

answer, so choice @( can be eliminated. $acrophages are speciali0ed cells that engulf bacteria and

dead cells via phagocytosis and destroy the cellular material via digestive en0ymes and reactive forms

of o9ygen. $acrophages would have a greater number of lysosomes than activated ( cells, so

statement II is false. Choices @( and @C are therefore incorrect. Activated ( cells do contain nuclei, so

statement III is false, eliminating choice @. @$ature erythrocytes have no nuclei. 5nly statement I is

correct, and choice @A is the correct answer.*. Eonspecic immune defenses constitute the rst line of defense against infection. Intact skin, lyso0yme

found in tears, and hydrochloric acid produced by the gastric glands are all nonspecic immune

defenses. "he production of antibodies is part of the specic immune defense, so choice @ is the

correct answer.+. (oth the humoral response and the cellular response are specic immune responses, so choice @A is

false, and not the correct answer. Choice @( is true, and the correct answer: the humoral response is

directed against antigens that have not yet entered body cells, while the cellular response is directed

against pathogens that have entered body cells. Choice @C is incorrect, because both the humoral

response and the cellular response result in the formation of memory cells. Choice @ is false, since

the humoral response involves the production of antibodies.. An important task of the immune system is to identify ;self; vs. ;non<self; cells and destroy ;non<self;

cells while leaving Fself; cells unharmed. Choices @A and @( can be eliminated, since if the immune

 

system @erroneously identies the viral proteins as ;selfG,no antibodies will be produced against the

viral proteins. Choice @C represents a possible e9planation for the cause of myasthenia gravis: the

immune system correctly identies the viral proteins as Hnon<self, but antibodies produced against the

virus also react with the acetylcholine receptor, damaging the receptor. Choice @ is incorrect because

if the antibodies produced against the viral proteins do not cross<react with the acetylcholine receptor,

then no autoimmune disease results.-. 7ince this type of immunity results from the transfer of antibodies, it is a type of passive immunity, so

choices @A and @C are incorrect. Eaturally ac=uired immunity involves the passage of antibodies from

mother to fetus, so choices @A and @( are incorrect. "his leaves choice @, which is the correct

answer.. Becall that the function of osteoclasts is to break down bone. If the activity of osteoclasts is abnormally

high, calcium will be released from the bones, resulting in a lower mineral content in the bones. "his is

the same e3ect that a chronic dietary deciency in calcium would have, so choice @C is the correct

answer. arathyroid hormone raises the blood level of calcium by stimulating calcium release from

bone. In a person who does not produce suJcient parathyroid hormone, calcium is maintained in the

bones, so choice @A is incorrect. Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting the release of

calcium from bone, so choice @( is incorrect. Abnormally high osteoblast activity would result in a

building up of bone, so choice @ is incorrect. Again, choice @C is the correct answer.

16.(y "est ay, you should be familiar with ( and " cells and know their functions. ( cells produce

antibodiesK cytoto9ic " cells destroy infected cells and cancer cellsK suppressor " cells regulate the

activity of ( and " cellsK and helper " cells activate ( and " cells. Cytoto9ic " cells are responsible for

destroying potentially cancerous cells, so choice @( is the correct answer.