Skeletal & Muscular System

Skeletal & Muscular System

Michelle SUhJane Chuyn

Michelle SUhJane Chuyn

Skeleton

• Made of all the bones in your body.

• The number of bones in your skeleton depends on your age.

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Shape and

Support

Skeleton

• Spine

• =the central column that supports your body’s weight

• =a stack of small bones (“Vertebrae”) connected by joints

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• first 2 vertebrae support your skull

• -allows you to rotate or move your head up and down

• -Atlas (named after the mythical greek god that holds up the Earth)

• -Axis

AxisAtlas

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• next group of vertebrae supports the bone of your shoulder girdle and the ribs

• Rib bones

• -form a cage that protects the soft tissues of heart and lungs

Bones- Strong and Living

• Bones are complex living structures that undergo growth and development.

Movement and Protection

• Your skeleton allows you to move.

• Bones protect many of the organs.

Ex) protects brain, breastbone and ribs form a protective cage around your heart and lungs.

Function of Skeleton

• Supports the body

• Protects innards

• Production of blood cells

• Provide place for muscle attachment

• Stores various minerals, salts

Joints of the Skeleton

• =place in the body where two bones come together.

• -allow bones to move in different ways.

Basic Types of Joints

• Immovable joints

• Movable Joints

Immovable Joints

• =some joints in the body that connect bones in a way that allows little or no movement.

• Ex) Bones of the skull

Movable Joints

• =allows the body to make a wide range of movements.

• The bones in movable joints are held together called ligaments and cartilage

Ligaments

• =strong connective tissues

• Ex) Knee, Head, Neck, Pelvis, Thorax, Wrist

Cartilage

• Second type of connective tissue which is more flexible than bone.

• It covers the ends of the bones and keeps them from rubbing against each other.

Bone Structure

• Periosteum

• -tough outer cover of bone

• -contains blood vessels

• Compact bone

• -dense bone

• -made of osteocytes

Compact bone

Periosteum

Bone Structure (continued)

• Spongy bone

• -lighter and less dense than compact bone

• -still strong

• Marrow

• -red and yellow

Bone Structure (continued)

Bone StrengthStrengthen Weaken

-Vitamin D-1 drink of alcohol or less a day-enough exercise -lifting heavy weights

-Smoking-too much alcohola day-more than 3 cups ofcoffee a day

Bone Growth

• Because bones are alive, bones also form new bone tissue as you grow.

Ex)A new bone tissue forms after an accident. They form to fill the gap between the broken ends of the bone.

BONE DEVELOPMENT

• Intramembranous Ossification -> Endochondral Ossification

Taking Care of your bones

• A combination of a balanced diet

• Regular exercise

Diet

• A well-balanced diet includes taking 60-65% of carbohydrates, 15-20% of protein, 15-20% of fat daily

Exercise

• -prevents diabetes, arthritis, obesity, stress, and many epidemic self-related diseases

Benefits of EXERCISING

leaner, lighter, firmer, shapelier, smarter, stronger, more flexible, agile, mobile, alert,

energetic, confident, optimistic, more attractive

Makes People...

Osteoporosis• =a condition in which

the body’s bones become weak and break easily.

• It is more common in women than in men.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHyeZhcoZcQ

• This video will tell you the symptoms, types, lifestyle modifications of osteoporosis

Diagnosing Bone and Joint Injuries

• Common skeletal system injuries

Fractures

Dislocations

Sprains

Fracture

• A break in a bone that can occur when you fall in such a way that all of your weight is placed on only a few bones.

Dislocation

• A second injury of the skeletal system.

• It occurs when the end of a bone comes out of its joint.

Sprain

• It occurs when ligaments are stretched too far and tear in places.

• The sprains of ankle is the most common joint injuries.

Identifying Injuries

• X - rays

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging

X- rays

• It is a form of energy that travels in waves, like the light that your eyes can see.

• They cannot be used directly to view injuries to soft tissues, such as muscle and internal organs.

• The energy in X- rays can damage body cells.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

• A method for taking clear images of both the bones and soft tissues of the body.

• MRL scanner is a large machine that contains electromagnets.

• MRL images are sharp and clear. It can produce images of body tissue at any angle.

Treating Injuries

• Joint Replacement

• Arthroscopy

Joint Replacement

• The joints are injured or diseased and require treatment.

• Arthritis is a disease of the joints that makes movement painful. - To fix Arthritis, doctor replace by surgery.

Arthroscopy

• A small incision and a slim, tube-shaped instrument that doctors insert during the surgery.

• It has helped to diagnose and repair many joint problems.

Muscular System

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6NqtRVvWs8&feature=fvsr

• This is a fun and interesting video about the muscular system

Types of Muscle

• Involuntary muscles

• Voluntary muscles

Involuntary Muscle

• Some of the muscles that are not under the conscious control.

Voluntary Muscle

• Muscles that are under the conscious control.

• Ex) Smiling, turning a page in a book,

Tendon

• Strong connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

Striated muscle

• Another name of the skeletal muscle that is not banded.

types of muscle tissue

• Skeletal muscle

• Smooth muscle

• Cardiac muscle

Skeletal Muscle

• Muscles that are attached to the bones of your skeleton and provide the force that moves your bones.

Smooth Muscle

• Involuntary muscles that work automatically to control certain movements inside your body.

• As the smooth muscle of the stomach contract, they produce a churning action.

Cardiac Muscle

• Tissue that is found only in your heart.

• It is involuntary muscle and striated.

Muscles at Work

• Because muscle cells can only contract, not extend, skeletal muscles must work in pairs. While one muscle contracts, the other muscle in the pair relaxes to its original length.

Bibliography

• "The Skeletal System." Minnesota State University, Mankato. 09 Apr. 2009 <http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/biology/humananatomy/skeletal/skeletalsystem.html>

• striated, and thread-like. "Muscular and Skeletal Systems." www.estrellamountain.edu. 04 Apr. 2009 <http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookMUSSKEL.html>.

• "The Skeletal Muscle System of the Human Body." Flash Mavi. 01 Apr. 2009 <http://www.flashmavi.com/weight_training_skeletal_muscle_system_of_the_human_body.shtml>.

• "Muscular system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 12 Apr. 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_system>.

• "The Skeletal System." Centre for Distance Learning and Innovation. 02 Apr. 2009 <http://www.cdli.ca/CITE/skeletal.htm>.

• "Skeletal System." 42explore: Thematic Pathfinders for All Ages. 10 Apr. 2009 <http://42explore.com/skeleton.htm>.

Thank You