skeletal system. classification of bone: bones vary in shape and size the unique shape of each...
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Classification of BonesTRANSCRIPT
Skeletal System
Classification of Bone:
• Bones vary in shape and size
• The unique shape of each bone fulfills a particular need
• Bones are classified by their shape as long, short, flat, or irregular bone
Classification of Bones
Long Bone• Long bones have a
long shaft and two distinct ends
• Classification is based on shape not size
• Example of this is the humerus
Short Bones
• Short bones are roughly cubelike
• Short bones are often the carpal and tarsal bones
Flat Bones
• Flat bones are thin, flattened and usually curved
• Skull, sternum and ribs are examples
Irregular Bone• Irregular bones don’t fit
into the previous categories
• Irregular bones have complicated shapes
• Examples are the hip bones and vertebrae
Lower Body Bones
• Spine – Vertabrae , Sacrum, Coccyx
• Hand – Carpals, Metacarpals,and Phalanges
• Leg - Femur, Tibia, Patella and Fibula
• Foot - Tarsals, Metatarsals and Phalanges.
Spine – Vertabrae , Sacrum, Coccyx
• The spine, also known as the backbone or vertebral column, consists of a long chain of 33 bones each individually known as a vertebrae.
• The main functions of the vertebral bones are for structure and protection of the spinal cord.
• The spine is separated into 4 curves, the cervical curve, thoracic curve, lumbar curve, sacral and/or pelvic curve.
• The coccyx is referred to as the tailbone, as scientist believe it is the remainder of a tail.
Anatomy of the Spine
Hand – Carpals, Metacarpal Phalanges
• The skeleton of the wrist consists of eight small carpal bones that are firmly bound in two rows of four bones each.
• The metacarpals make up the knuckles of the hand.
• The phalanges are the small bones that make up the skeleton of the fingers, thumb and toes. Each finger and smaller toe has three phalanges; the thumb and big toe each have two.
Anatomy of the Hand
Leg – Femur and Tibia
• The femur is the thigh bone, the longest bone in the body.
• The lower end joins the tibia (shin) to form the knee joint.
• The upper end is rounded into a ball (or "head" of the femur) that fits into a socket in the pelvis to form the hip joint.
• The neck of the femur gives the hip joint a wide range of movement, but it is a point of weakness and a common site of fracture.
Leg - Patella, Fibula
• The fibula is the long and slender bone beside the tibia.
• The fibula is the outer and thinner of the two long bones of the lower leg.
• Its main function is to provide attachment for muscles. It doesn't give much support or strength to the leg.
• The patella is the knee cap.
• The patella is a thick, circular-triangular bone, which connects with the femur and covers and protects the knee joint.
Anatomy of the Leg
Foot - Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges
• The ankle is composed of seven tarsal bones.
• The metatarsal bones are a set of five bones in the foot, which connect with the ankle joint and the toes. The ligaments, which surround these bones typically hold them in an arch-like shape, which comprises the arch of the foot.
• The metatarsals are equivalent to the metacarpal bones of the hand. Both sets of bones serve important functions in the body, providing balance, stability, and functionality.
• The phalanges are the small bones that make up the skeleton of the fingers, thumb and toes. Each finger and smaller toe has three phalanges; the thumb and big toe each have two.
Anatomy of the Foot