Skeletal System

Function/Structure

Diseases/Disorders

First Aid/Emergency Illness

Function of the Skeletal System

Framework that supports the body and protects vital organs.

Providing movable levers which the muscles can pull to move different parts of the body.

Bone marrow produces red and white blood cells Storehouse for minerals, calcium and phosphorous

Structure

Information

206 Bones (Adult)

Axial – 80

Appendicular – 126

Structure Cont.

Types of Bones

Longproduction of red/white blood

cells: humerus and femur

Shortwrist and ankles

Flatprotective: skull and ribs

Irregularcomplex shape/protection:

vertebrates

Types of Joints

Ball & Socket

Hinge

Pivot

Condyloid

Sliding/Gliding

Saddle

Structure Cont..

Ligaments

connective tissue that holds bone to bone

Tendons

connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

Cartilage

strong flexible connective tissue; provides smooth movement and cushions joints

Diseases/Disorders

Osteoporosis – condition following menopause, lack of calcium absorption

Scoliosis/Lordosis/Kyphosis – abnormal curves of the vertebras

Arthritis – swelling and stiffness in bone jointsBone Cancer – a secondary illness as a result of

another cancer that has spreadGout – metabolic disorder where a build-up of uric

acidRicketts – vitamin D/calcium deficiency

First Aid & Emergency Illness

Fractures

Open/Compound

Closed/Simple

Dislocations

Bone slips from normal position in joint

Sprains

Stretching or tearing of the ligaments in a joint

First Aid Response

Fractures1. Call 911 – Seek medical treatment

2. Immobilize area using a “splint” if trained

3. If open, implement steps to control bleeding

First Aid Response

SprainsP – Protection

R – Rest

I – Ice

C – Compression

E – Elevation

First Aid Response

Dislocation1. Call 911 – seek medical treatment

2. Use sling for shoulder injury

3. Keep extremity close to body

General Care

1. Calcium – eat foods with this to build strong bones; found in dairy and green leafy vegetables.

2. Phosphorous – combines with calcium to make bones more rigid

3. Resistance Exercise – increase bone density and muscle conditioning

4. Cardiovascular – make heart pump more efficient

Other Systems

Muscular

Together allows body to move

Lymphatic

Production of white blood cells

Circulatory

Production of red blood cells and platelets