skeletal system sue howard
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
SKELETAL SYSTEM NOTES
4 Major Functions
• Framework
• Protection
• Storage
• Blood cells
Generic Parts• Periosteum• Endosteum• Epiphysis• Diaphysis• Epiphyseal
Cartilage• Yellow Marrow• Red Marrow• Foramen
Cranium• Frontal
• Parietal - 2
• Temporal – 2
• Occipital
• Ethmoid
Face
• Mandible
• Maxilla – 2
• Zygomatic – 2
• Nasal
Spine - Vertebrae
• Cervical – 7
• Thoracic – 12
• Lumbar – 5
• Sacrum
• Coccyx – 1-3
Chest• Clavicle – 2• Scapula – 2 (glenoid
cavity, acromion process)• Ribs – 12• Sternum (manubrium,
body, xiphoid process)
Arm
• Humerus• Radius• Ulna – olecrenon process• Carpals• Metacarpals• Phlanges
Leg• Femur – head, neck, greater and lesser
trochanter• Patella• Tibia – medial ankle “bone”• Fibula – lateral ankle “bone”• Tarsals – talus, calcaneus• Metatarsals• Phlanges
Pelvis• Ilium – iliac crest
• Ischium
• Pubis – symphysis
• Obturator foramen
• Acetabulum
Shoulder Girdle
• Clavicle
• Scapula
• Glenoid cavity
• Humerus
Pelvic Girdle
• Ilium
• Ischium
• Pubis
• Femur
• Acetabulum
Joint Types
• Synarthroses – immovable
• Amphiarthroses – slightly moveable
• Diathroses – freely moveable
Diathroses Joints
• Hinge – atlas, elbow, knee, fingers, toes
• Pivot – axis, forearm• Saddle – thumb• Condyloid – wrist, ankle• Ball and Socket – shoulder, hip• Gliding - vertebrae
Movement Terms
• Flexion – decreasing angle
• Extension – increasing angle
• Abduction – moving away
• Adduction – moving towards
• Rotation – turning on an axis
Movement Terms• Pronation – turning palm down
• Supination – turning palm up
• Inversion – turning sole inward
• Eversion – turning sole outward
• Dorsal Flexion – toes towards nose
• Plantar Flexion – toes away from nose
Major Diseases/Disorders• Sprain – stretched ligament/tendon• Arthritis – inflamed joint• Osteomyelitis – inflamed bone• Osteoporosis – loss of bone density• Osteosarcoma – bone cancer• Leukemia – white blood cell cancer• Fracture – break or crack in a bone
Types of Fractures
• Simple – break thru bone
• Compound – bone end thru skin
• Greenstick – bent bone
• Comminuted – splintered bone
Types of Fractures• Compressed – bone pieces
pressed together• Spiral – break caused by twist• Incomplete – crack in bone• Avulsion – process broken off
bone
Complete Blood Count• Erythrocytes (RBC): carry o2
and co2, 4 million• Leukocytes (WBC): fight
invaders, 5-10 thousand• Thrombocytes (platelets): clot
blood, 250-400 thousand
CBC with Differential
• Complete blood count that counts the numbers of the 5 major types of white blood cells.