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SKILL CARD 1 Personal Protective Equipment

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT V3.2 SKILL CARD 1

RELATED TRAINING Firefighter Safety 1

BF Manual chapter 1

OUTCOMES Don appropriate PPE for different situations

Determine limitations of PPE

Assess hazards associated with PPE

TIMING 15 minute session

RESOURCES Bush firefighting PPE (gloves, goggles, flash hood, trousers, jacket, boots,

helmet)

Appropriate smoke filter (P2 mask)

SAFETY NOTES

All skill cards need to be risk assessed prior, and appropriate risk controls put in place to ensure trainee safety

Appropriate clothing to be worn under PPE

Clothing may be stored in bags – ensure bags are left open

Shake clothing to ensure no spiders or insects etc.

Maintain and clean clothing (leaving burnt material on the clothing can be carcinogenic and will damage fibres)

TRAINER NOTES Explain, model and have trainees practice correct donning of PPE

Detail appropriate time and place to use each piece of PPE

Discuss limitations of PPE and how to check for damage

STEPS KEY POINTS

1 Carry, select and wear appropriate / required PPE

Consider type of incident, weather and location (examples on reverse)

Check PPE is in serviceable condition prior to donning

Don PPE (covering airflow and radiant heat blocking ability, need for chin strap and correctly fitting harness)

2 Identify hazards and risks relating to PPE

Heat stress

Poor maintenance leading to damage of PPE

Improper storage (moisture, products of fire)

Consideration of foreign objects (spiders, etc.)

3 Maintenance of PPE

Refer to care guides for PPE

Download care guides from MyRFS >> Info About >> Assets and equipment >> PPE

4 Reporting lost or damaged PPE

If PPE is damaged or lost, report immediately to the Officer in Charge of the vehicle you are in, the Captain or Equipment Officer

A video demonstrating best practice while carrying out maintenance on serviceable equipment is being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT V3.2 SKILL CARD 1

Bushfire PPE

JACKET TROUSERS HELMET BOOTS

GLOVES GOOGLES DISPOSABLE RESPIRATOR FLASH HOOD

Points for discussion

INCIDENT

TYPE

WEATHER

LOCATION

PPE

LIMITATIONS PPE

Active incident ground (bush fire)

Hot Windy Mixed terrain (bush/grass/interface)

Two piece firefighter protective clothing

Firefighter helmet

Firefighter boots

Firefighter gloves

Firefighter goggles

Disposable respirator

Emergency flash hood

Fire resistant not fire proof

Cold As above with cold climate jacket

Active incident ground (flood)

Cold/hot wet rainy windy

Interface As above (without respirator)

Wet weather gear (jackets, pants, etc.)

Wet weather gear not flame retardant

Firefighting boots are not water proof

Fire fighting gloves not barriers to contaminated water

Gear heavy when water logged

Support task Mixed Interface or buildings

If attending to interface full firefighting PPE

If in comms as per local requirements

If in catering as per hygiene and local requirements

If carrying out admin – as per local requirements

If not in full PPE not fireground capable

Teams need to be consistent in their attire alongside NSW RFS requirements

SKILL CARD 2 Radios

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – RADIOS V3.2 SKILL CARD 2

RELATED TRAINING E-Learning Module Operating communications equipment

BF Manual Chapter 8

OUTCOMES

Operate suitable radios (for example Fireground & GRN/PMR)

Pass a simple message through an uncontrolled network

Operate a radio using simplex and duplex frequencies

Pass a simple message through a controlled network

TIMING 15 minutes

RESOURCES Vehicle mounted or portable fireground radios

Vehicle mounted or portable GRN/PMR radios and appropriate free channel to simulate radio calls

SAFETY NOTES


Operate on a pre-assigned training channel so as not to interfere with operational channels (this needs approval)

TRAINER NOTES Trainer must be familiar with radio protocols so they can simulate the role of Officer in Charge/FIRECOM

STEPS KEY POINTS

1 Prepare and inspect equipment

Locate fireground radios, power up, check battery strength and inspect the radio connections

Confirm that the radio is on the designated channel and change to a new channel if necessary

2 Test the equipment

Undertake a radio check to ensure it is operating as intended

3 Use the equipment (fireground radio)

Place a radio to call to the simulated OIC requesting that the following equipment be brought to you: o One length of 25mm percolating hose and 25mm branch o One 38mm to 25mm Storz adaptor o One knapsack o The equipment is to be brought to your location stated as follows: “I am

located approximately 1km from the Cat 1 along Wombat trail.”

The OIC will ask clarifying questions that must be answered and must then designate a new channel for the trainee to switch to and communicate on

Note: that the intent is to pass a clear, legible message, therefore the

technical correctness of the message is not essential at this moment in time

4 Repeat above actions for GRN/PMR (duplex radio)

Replace transmission to OIC with transmission to FIRECOM using appropriate call signs and message priority codes

Return to home channel after exercise

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – RADIOS V3.2 SKILL CARD 2

Radios used in the NSW RFS

A video demonstrating best practice when using radios is currently being developed and will be released soon.

Portable fireground radio

Portable PMR/GRN

Vehicle mounted radios

GENERAL RADIO PRINCIPLES

‘Plain language’ is used as much as possible (codes have only very limited use)

Each unit communicates with the local Firecom or base for non-incident related calls

Each unit calls their local Firecom or Base when they depart to or go to a fire or incident

The first units responding to an incident report their arrival at the scene to Firecom or base

A senior officer of the first responding units takes charge (control) of the incident on arrival. That is, he or she takes overall control the activities of all of the units at that incident.

If more units are called, Firecom or Base tell them where to go and who to call, and ‘hand over’ those units to the Incident Controller as they approach the scene

Each unit calls the Firecom or base when they are released from operations at the incident, when they return to their station and when closing down the radio

SKILL CARD 3 Locker Drill

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – LOCKER DRILL V3.2 SKILL CARD 3

RELATED TRAINING E-Learning Module Bush Fire Attack 3

BF Manual Chapter Chapter 4

OUTCOMES

Correctly locate and fetch different pieces of equipment from the tanker/store

Correctly explain the use and care requirements for different pieces of operational equipment


RESOURCES Brigade firefighting vehicle and associated equipment

SAFETY NOTES


Equipment can be heavy, awkward to carry, and sharp. Ensure proper lifting techniques are used

Equipment can be stored high on the vehicle, and in locations that require movement over the water tank – always ensure trainees are working appropriately and using proper risk assessment when removing items from elevated points on the vehicle

Some equipment stores combustible material/liquids within them– ensure equipment is handled appropriately to mitigate risks

Some equipment stored in lockers will be at or above shoulder height – ensure proper manual handling techniques and risk assessments are used

TRAINER NOTES Use the model: show, explain, allow trial, then test - to give trainees a

chance to form an understanding of what equipment is stored on the vehicle, where it is located, and how to properly stow/un-stow

STEPS KEY POINTS

1 Introduce vehicles of the brigade

Identify vehicle types (e.g. Category 1 tanker), radio call sign, and for firefighting vehicles their water capacity, type of pump, etc.

2 Show all equipment on the vehicle

Use the same starting point for each vehicle, remove and identify each piece of equipment.

Trainees: o Name the equipment, explain what it’s used for and any hazards and

precautions involved in its use o Describe how they should care for it (e.g. cleaning/sharpening where

appropriate)

3 Run a ‘fetch test’ Trainees fetch different equipment off vehicle, explain its use, and talk

about different ways to determine if its in good condition

A video demonstrating best practice when using locker drill is currently being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – LOCKER DRILL V3.2 SKILL CARD 3

Examples of equipment

Knapsack Rakehoe Axe

Delivery hose Controlled breech Fog nozzle

Standpipe Rope Combination ladder

Portable Radio Fire blanket Extinguisher

SKILL CARD 4 Maintenance Drill

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – MAINTENANCE DRILL V3.2 SKILL CARD 4

RELATED TRAINING Firefighting equipment 1

BF Manual chapter 3

OUTCOMES Carry out equipment maintenance, to the manufacturers and NSW RFS

specifications, on user-serviceable equipment such as: rakehoes (McLeod tools), axes and slashing tools

TIMING 3 x 10-20 minute sessions

RESOURCES Brigade equipment and servicing equipment

Brigade maintenance schedule

Equipment fault reporting/safety process

SAFETY NOTES


Maintenance work requires manual handling, and sometimes the use of sharpening tools, oils and chemicals.

All maintenance activities are to be risk assessed prior, and appropriate risk controls put in place to ensure trainee safety

TRAINER NOTES

This drill requires trainees to understand what serviceable equipment looks like and how it works properly, how to test it, and what can and can’t be serviced at a brigade level.

Demonstrate how to complete periodic maintenance on equipment that is able to be serviced locally.

STEPS KEY POINTS

1 Understand brigade equipment that can be serviced

Identify each piece of equipment and its uses

Determine which equipment can be serviced locally and which cannot

2 Check serviceability of equipment

Check for faults (Check, Inspect/Test, Maintain)

Identify common faults (e.g. sharpness and angle of cutting edge, weak points where handles are connected, rough or splintered handles)

3 Service equipment Follow demonstration on how to complete periodic maintenance on

equipment that is able to be serviced locally

Practice techniques on a range of equipment

4 Report and log faulty equipment

Review system used at the brigade to log faulty equipment, and how to take it out of service

Identify who to report faulty equipment to

A video demonstrating best practice while carrying out maintenance on serviceable equipment is being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – MAINTENANCE DRILL V3.2 SKILL CARD 4

Maintenance examples

HAND TOOL SHARPENING TECHNIQUES

AX

E

The cutting edge of an axe can be maintained by using a pocket axe stone, but if an axe requires extensive sharpening, the axe head needs to be firmly secured in a vice or a ‘G’ clamp. Always check that the axe head is secured to the handle.

RA

KE

HO

E (

MC

LE

OD

TO

OL

)

The cutting edge of a rakehoe must be sharp. A working angle for the cutting edge of a rakehoe is 30 degrees. As with axes, a blade sharpened at too fine an angle can be easily damaged. You should sharpen a rakehoe with a file. The connecting bolt is a point of weakness and should always be checked during inspection.

SL

AH

ING

TO

OL

S (

BR

US

H

& F

ER

N H

OO

K)

Slashing tools should be sharpened with a file. When you sharpen a slashing tool, follow the angle ground by the manufacturer, and make sure the angle is slightly less than the machine ground edge.

SKILL CARD 5 Hose reel

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – HOSE REELS V3.2 SKILL CARD 5

RELATED TRAINING

E-Learning Module Fire Fighting Equipment 2

BF Manual Chapter 3

OUTCOMES

Identify and describe types, sizes, limitations, care and maintenance of hose reels

Deploy hose reel

Shutdown, make up and restow hose reel

TIMING 20 minutes

RESOURCES Firefighting appliance with hose reels

Ancillary equipment including alternative nozzles, storz keys and 25mm lay flat hose

SAFETY NOTES


Operate pumps in a well ventilated area

Pumps can be loud - wear hearing protection if required

Monitor slip hazards

Use caution and remain aware of pinch points such as rotating hose reels

TRAINER NOTES Check equipment is in good working order

Run activity with a variety of 25mm nozzles

STEPS

KEY POINTS

1 Prepare and inspect hose reels and equipment

Inspect hose reel components and ancillary equipment to ensure they are in serviceable condition

Ensure hose reel is locked, nozzle is in the closed position and the supply valve is in the open position

2 Deploy hose reel

Unlock hose reel and deploy

Pump operator starts pump and sets operating pressure

Extend hose line to designated position and use appropriate signal for ‘water on’

Pump operator locks hose reel off

Use a variety of nozzle settings as directed

3 Shut down, make up and re-stow

Shut branch off

Follow ‘make up’ command

When appropriate signal for ‘water off’

Return nozzle end of hose to the appliance

Re-stow hose reel and lock off

Re-stow ancillary equipment

A video demonstrating best practice when using hose reel is currently being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – HOSE REELS V3.2 SKILL CARD 5

Hose reel hose

Nozzles

DIAL A JET NOZZLE

VARIABLE NOZZLE

FOG NOZZLE

SKILL CARD 6 Attack lines

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – ATTACK LINES V3.2 SKILL CARD 6

RELATED TRAINING E-Learning Module Firefighting Equipment 2 & 3

BF Manual Chapter 3

OUTCOMES

Determine correct hose size and type and branches to use based on various conditions (i.e. flame height < 30cm, flame height of 2m, distance required to get to objective)

Deploy attack lines using different methods

Make up equipment correctly

TIMING 3 X 30 minute sessions

RESOURCES

Firefighting unit with water storage and pump installed

Ancillary equipment (hoses, nozzles and fittings, inline valves, breeching pieces, tools, radio equipment if appropriate)

Suitable location

SAFETY NOTES


Working pumps create fumes that are hazardous – do not use in enclosed spaces

Working pumps can be loud

Working pumps can create strong pressures – ensure delivery end of hoses are secured prior to opening, and the opening of valves is controlled and at a smooth steady rate

Water being moved – creates slip and trip hazards

Trainees must wear PPE

TRAINER NOTES

Consider different types of tasks such as mop up, direct attack, breeching hoses from larger to smaller diameter

Review what hoses and nozzle combinations are available and consider what is best suited for tasks

Practical operating pressures as line extends/contracts

Ensure all equipment is available and in working order

STEPS KEY POINTS

1 Select appropriate hose and branch

Consider objective as stated by the Crew Leader and select correct hoses, branches and fittings

2 Identify correct deployment method and deploy

Identify appropriate deployment method (i.e. straight, flaked or combination)

Deploy hose

3 Use techniques to divide, replace, advance and withdraw lines

Signal to pump operator for water on/off and increase/decrease pressure to account for variations in output at the nozzle (such as with terrain change)

Advance and withdraw hose lines using appropriate techniques

Use breaching pieces

Use techniques such as kinking the hoseline (with pump off or on idle) to create a low/no pressure area around the coupling to add or remove lines

Synchronise actions with the pump operator to prepare and replace line

4 Make up, reset and restow

Use correct method to withdraw and make up equipment. For example Dutch roll, Figure 8 (Banana roll)

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – ATTACK LINES V3.2 SKILL CARD 6

A video demonstrating best practice when deploying attack lines is currently being developed and will be released soon.


CONDITIONS

HOSE & BRANCH

SELECTION

DEPLOYMENT METHOD

1. SCLEROPHYLL FOREST FIRE*

Burning in moderate fuels under moderate fire danger conditions. Flame height 2-3m. Travelling a few hundred metres per hour.

38mm hose with straight branch

Deploy to attack flanks from burnt ground using pinch method, when flame height falls below 2m change to a direct attack

2. GRASS FIRE

Burning fine fuels under high fire danger conditions. Flame height 3-5m. Travelling several kilometres per hour.

38mm hose with straight branch

Work from approved crew area of appliance to attack flanks moving towards the head or from the ground

3. SCRUB FIRE**

Burning in moderate fuels under low fire danger conditions. Flame height less than 2m. Travelling one hundred metres in per hour on relatively flat ground.

Live reel and a dial a jet nozzle (can be extended with 25mm lay flat hose)

Straight deployment to undertake a direct attack on the head of the fire

SKILL CARD 7 Hydrants

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – HYDRANTS V3.2 SKILL CARD 7

RELATED TRAINING E-Learning Firefighting Equipment 3

BF Manual Chapter 3

OUTCOMES Locate hydrants

Ship standpipe and remove standpipe

Use a hydrant for water supply


RESOURCES Standpipe, hydrant bar and storz key

65mm hose & 65 mm controlled breeching piece

In-ground hydrant or simulator

SAFETY NOTES


Beware of spiders/snakes residing under the hydrant plate

Beware of risk of finger injury – dropping hydrant plate on fingers

Ensure no one stands over standpipe – if failure, can shoot upwards

Be careful when turning on standpipe – 3 to 4 turns enough

Ensure pressure removed from line prior to disconnecting standpipe

TRAINER NOTES Explain, model and have trainees practice locating and using a hydrant for water supply

STEPS KEY POINTS

1 Locate suitable hydrant

Find hydrant indicator (explain different indicators)

Interpret indicator correctly to locate hydrant

2 Access hydrant Use hydrant bar to open hydrant plate

Inspect and remove debris from inside pit around hydrant

3 Ship standpipe

Check threaded collar is in starting position (all the way to the bottom and half a twist back)

Insert standpipe into hydrant so collar lugs engage with hydrant hooks

Turn standpipe until locked firmly in place

Adjust standpipe outlet to direction required

4 Operate standpipe Turn spindle until plunger presses down onto spring valve, releasing water

Flush water through hydrant until flow is clean/clear and turn valve off

5 Supply water

Connect breeching piece and 65mm hose to standpipe

Ensure 65mm hose is connected to appliance inlet

Signal water on and confirm receipt of signal

Turn valve on gradually (no more than 3-4 full turns) to charge hose line

6 Remove standpipe

Signal water off from appliance

Confirm receipt of signal and turn off standpipe valve

Relieve any pressure in hose/fittings through the breeching piece and remove hose and breaching piece from standpipe

Remove standpipe from hydrant by turning whole standpipe

Check spring valve is closed properly and then close the hydrant lid

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – HYDRANTS V3.2 SKILL CARD 7

Videos have been developed to demonstrate best practice when using hydrants. Please scan the QR codes or alternatively use the links:

Operating a hydrant 1 https:// goo.gl/nleXzv

Operating a hydrant 2 https:// goo.gl/mJxUqn

Shipping a standpipe

Access hydrant

Ship standpipe

Operate standpipe

Supply water

Remove standpipe

Remove standpipe

Check hydrant is properly closed

1 2 3

4 5 6

7

Check pit Clear debris Ensure lug

Insert standpipe Turn standpipe Open and flush

Connect breeching piece

SKILL CARD 8 Main Pump

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – MAIN PUMP V3.2 SKILL CARD 8


BF Manual Chapter 3

OUTCOMES

Move water into and out of the vehicle’s water tank using the main pump and associated plumbing, incorporating the following activities: o Supplying water from the tank to a hose-reel and/or a 38mm hose o Changing over from the water tank supply to an external supply o Draughting water from an open source

TIMING 3 X 30 min sessions

RESOURCES Firefighting unit with water storage and pump installed

Ancillary equipment (stand pipe, hydrant, hoses, nozzles and fittings)

Location with open water source and hydrants

SAFETY NOTES


Working pumps create fumes that are hazardous – not to be used in enclosed spaces

Working pumps can be loud – use hearing protection as required

Working pumps can create strong pressures – ensure delivery end of hoses are secured prior to opening, and the opening of valves is controlled at a smooth steady rate

Water being moved creates slip and trip hazards

TRAINER NOTES Review how pump works

Review what pump gauges show, and what trainees need to look out for

Ensure all equipment is available and in good working order

STEPS KEY POINTS

1 Prepare and inspect pump equipment

Review all equipment required for this drill

Review pump controls and ensure all in working order

2 Safely and correctly use a vehicle mounted pump/tanker

Use tanker pump controls, valves and gauges

Operate primer and pump

Supply water from tank to hose lines

Change from tank to hydrant supply

Refill tank from a hydrant/tanker

Set up suction hose from tanker

Refill tank from open source

Supply water from open source

3 Make up and restow equipment

Shut down, make up and restow equipment ready for reuse

Videos have been developed to demonstrate best practice when using pump. Please scan the QR codes or alternatively use the links:

Pumping from a tanker https://goo.gl/Pbi7ak

Portable pump https:// goo.gl/3ZDSk6

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – MAIN PUMP V3.2 SKILL CARD 8

Gauges

GAUGE IMAGE DESCRIPTION

COMPOUND GAUGE

(INLET PRESSURE

KPA)

Inlet pressure is the positive or negative pressure of the water coming into the pump

Reticulated water supply – positive pressure

Static water supply – negative pressure – negative pressure

PRESSURE GAUGE

(OUTLET

PRESSURE KPA)

Outlet pressure is the pressure of the water being delivered to the pump

Pumping from a tanker

Pump operator procedures

Starting the pump

Determining working level pressure

Avoiding water hammer

Giving and interpreting hand signals

Monitoring water levels

SKILL CARD 9 Attack and Supply

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – ATTACK AND SUPPLY V3.2 SKILL CARD 9

7BRELATED TRAINING E-Learning Module Firefighting Equipment 3

BF Manual Chapter 3

8BOUTCOMES Deploy suitable attack lines

Supply water to tanker

9BTIMING 3 X 20 minute sessions

10BRESOURCES


Trainees must wear appropriate PPE

Ancillary equipment i.e. hoses, breeching piece, etc.

Suitable location to extend attack lines and a hydrant to supply water to the tanker

11BSAFETY NOTES


Working with pumps: o Fumes – not to be used in enclosed spaces o Noise – use hearing protection as required o Strong pressures – ensure delivery end of hoses are secured prior to opening,

and opening of valves is controlled at a smooth steady rate o Hoses under pressure creates pinch points – never ask candidates to use

hands to unwind kinks in pressurised lines

Working with water: o Water being moved creates slip and trip hazards

Hydrants are generally located along roadways – ensure traffic management needs are met

12BTRAINER NOTES

Review what hoses and nozzle combinations are available and what is best suited for tasks

“From the pump” methodology explained

Both soft suction and to tank supply methods pros and cons explained

Practical operating pressures for attack and supply

Ensure all equipment is available

0BSTEPS 1BKEY POINTS

1 Select appropriate equipment

Consider type of incident and location

Choose correct Hose and Branch

Choose correct standpipe hydrant bar, breeching piece and supply lines

2 Deploy method

Firefighter 1

Bowl first length from pump lays line over first outlet (from the left) and takes branch, moves the end of second length (approximate location if being bowled) and connects second length to branch, ready for water on

Firefighter 2

Goes to the end of first length and deploys second length, connects couplings and follows first member to end of second length as back up

Firefighter 3

Takes stand pipe, breeching piece, hydrant bar and suitable supply hose to back of pump, bowls hose towards hydrant. Moves to hydrant location and ships stand pipe with breeching piece

Firefighter 4

Fourth member is pump operator – connects attack line and (if possible) opens valve on pump idle to slowly charge line whilst being deployed.

Pump operator considers variables for either supply to tank or soft suction

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – ATTACK AND SUPPLY V3.2 SKILL CARD 9

and chooses correct option

Pump operator connects supply line to vehicle

Pump operator liaises with member 3, and the attack line for coordination of water movements and pump pressures


Use correct method for the situation to withdraw and make up equipment (Dutch roll, Banana roll)

If hoseline or ancillary equipment is damaged or lost, report immediately to the Officer in Charge of the vehicle, the Captain or Equipment Officer

Possible layout

2BSTEPS 3BLAYOUT

4BSTEP 1

5BSTEP 2A

6BSTEP 2B

SKILL CARD 10 Suction and Attack

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – SUCTION AND ATTACK V3.2 SKILL CARD 10

RELATED TRAINING E-Learning Module Firefighting Equipment 3

BF Manual Chapter 3

OUTCOMES Deploy suitable attack lines

Supply water to tanker from an open source


RESOURCES


Trainees must wear PPE

Ancillary equipment i.e. hoses, nozzles and fittings, inline valves, suction hose, strainer and float, rope, tools

Suitable location to extend attack line/s and an open water source to supply water to the tanker

SAFETY NOTES


Working with pumps: o Fumes – not to be used in enclosed spaces o Noise – use hearing protection as required o Strong pressures – ensure delivery end of hoses are secured prior to opening,

and opening of valves is controlled at a smooth steady rate

Working with water: o Draughting from open water sources requires work in close proximity to the

edge of water

Water being moved creates slip and trip hazards

TRAINER NOTES

Explain “from the water source” deployment method

Explain different issues when drafting from different water supplies

Practical operating pressures for attack and supply


STEPS KEY POINTS

1 Select appropriate equipment

Consider type of incident and location

Select correct Hose and Branch

Select correct suction hose lengths, strainer, float and rope

2 Deploy suction and attack line

Firefighter 1

Take first suction length, strainer and float to water source, and connect strainer and float.

Connect second suction length to first length (after rope has been secured) and deploy strainer into water using the free side of the rope as a guide.

Secure rope to a fixed point, or another point on tanker, once location of strainer is correct, and then support other duties.

Firefighter 2

Take second suction length and rope, secure centre of rope to strainer with a clove hitch

Work back along suction length with one end of the rope doing a half hitch on the water side of each coupling to take the weight of water from the suction hose

Secure end of rope line to solid support on pump with a round turn and two half hitches

Take second attack length and deploy at the end of fist attack line. Connect coupling and move towards end of second attack line to support the third member in the attack line team

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – SUCTION AND ATTACK V3.2 SKILL CARD 10

Firefighter 3

Deploy third and fourth length of suction hose. Connects to second line as firefighter 2 uses half hitches on water side of couplings.

Begin deploying attack line (first line and branch) Firefighter 4 (pump operator)

Connect suction line to suction inlet, when suction hose is deployed open suction hose valve and pull water through suction hose to prime main pump

Liaise the attack line/s for coordination of water movements including attack and refill


Use correct method to withdraw and make up equipment (Dutch roll, Banana roll)

Report any damaged or lost hoseline or ancillary equipment to the Officer in Charge of the vehicle you are in, the Captain or Equipment Officer

Possible layout

STEPS LAYOUT

STEP 1

STEP 2

A video demonstrating best practice when deploying suction and attack lines is currently being developed and will be released soon.

SKILL CARD 11 Portable Pump

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – PORTABLE PUMP V3.2 SKILL CARD 11


BF Manual Chapter 3

OUTCOMES

Move water into and out of a water supply using a portable pump and associated accessories, incorporating the following activities: o Draughting water from an open source o Supplying water from the water source to a location via 38mm hose


RESOURCES

Portable pump

Ancillary equipment i.e. suction hose, strainer, rope, hoses, nozzles and fittings

Location with open water source

SAFETY NOTES


Working with pumps o Fumes – not to be used in enclosed spaces o Noise – use hearing protection as required o Strong pressures – ensure delivery end of hoses are secured prior to opening,

and opening of valves is controlled at a smooth steady rate

o Manual handling - portable pumps are heavy ensure manual handling practices are followed.

Working with water o Draughting from open water sources requires work in close proximity to the

edge of water o Water being moved creates slip and trip hazards

TRAINER NOTES Review how pump works

Review what gauges are for

Ensure all equipment is available and in good working order

STEPS KEY POINTS

1 Prepare and inspect pump equipment

Locate portable pump on tanker

Two person carry for pump, one person carry for suction hose lengths, strainer and float, rope and two lengths 38mm hose with suitable branch/nozzle

Check o fuel and oil levels and make sure the pump casing is primed o ignition switch is in the ‘on’ position

2 Use a portable pump to draught water

Pull the choke on and turn on the throttle.

Connect strainer to suitable lengths of suction hose to enter and submerge in water source.

Use strainer/rope for situating strainer at correct depth under water to remove suction vortex and reduce uptake of material from water source

Connect suction hose to inlet pipe on portable pump, and use start up procedures to start pump. Start the pump as you would start a lawn mower, with delivery open to allow air in the suction hose to escape.

Connect hoseline to outlet (one line two lengths with branch). Ensure hose line team ready to accept water – open valve to supply water.

Watch for water moving up and ensure suction line remains straight

Use rope with half hitches at each coupling and a clove hitch on the strainer– the other end of the rope can be tied off on the pump frame.

Use portable pump to fill buoy wall, main pump tank, noting time for fill

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – PORTABLE PUMP V3.2 SKILL CARD 11


Shut down, make up and restow equipment ready for reuse. Flush the pump if using turbid/salt water, refuel and check oil levels.

A video has been developed to demonstrate best practice when using a portable pump. Please scan the QR code or alternatively use the link:

Portable pump https:// goo.gl/3ZDSk6

Ancillary Equipment

Portable pumps

Supplying vehicles with water from static supplies

Locating portable pump on vehicle

Portable pump operations and equipment incl. strainer, float and suction hose

Checking fuel and oil levels

Connecting hoses

Pump start up

SKILL CARD 12 Hand tools

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – HAND TOOLS V3.2 SKILL CARD 12

RELATED TRAINING E-Learning Bush Fire Attack 2

BF Manual Chapter 3 & 4

OUTCOMES

Inspect McLeod tool, Brush Hook and Axe for safe use

Test the equipment to ensure operational readiness

Use the equipment safely

Clean and maintain the equipment


RESOURCES McLeod tool, brush hook, axe

Hand file, tools and cleaning rag

SAFETY NOTES


Ensure safe work practices have been covered (incl. techniques to carry the tools from the appliance to the location where they are being used)

Ensure PPE is issued to trainees

Consider safety officer or instructor to trainee ratio

TRAINER NOTES Ensure permissions if using tools to undertake actual works

Using a designated HR site is ideal

STEPS KEY POINTS


Inspect all connection points on the tool including bolts and lugs for correct tightness

Visually inspect the cutting edge of each tool

Inspect the handles for wear and tear


Manoeuvre the head of each tool to check stability

3 Use the equipment

Practice safe techniques for moving through an area where hand tools are being used

Individually

Use the McLeod tool to cut a mineral earth trail of 1m long x 30cm wide

Use the brush hook to cut a clearance through intermediate shrubs that is 2m long x 1m wide

In a team (max 4)

Use the step up technique to cut a trail 10m long x 1m wide to be used for HR access or a control line

Use the one lick method to cut a trail 10m long x 1m wide to be used for HR access or a control line

4 Clean and maintain the equipment

Inspect equipment for wear and tear

Secure equipment for sharpening

Sharpen tools to required standard

Re-stow equipment

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – HAND TOOLS V3.2 SKILL CARD 12

Points for reference

METHOD IMAGE

STEP UP

Used for constructing a control line when crew size is up to 10 or 12 firefighters

ONE LICK

Used for constructing a control line when crew size is greater than 12 firefighters

SHARPENING

A video demonstrating best practice when using hand tools is currently being developed and will be released soon.

SKILL CARD 13 Knapsacks

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – KNAPSACKS V3.2 SKILL CARD 13

RELATED TRAINING E-Learning Module Firefighting Equipment 1

BF Manual Chapter 3

OUTCOMES

Inspect knapsack for safe use

Test the equipment to ensure operational readiness

Use the equipment safely

Clean and maintain the equipment


RESOURCES Knapsack

SAFETY NOTES


Always check the equipment prior to training to identify and faults

Ensure safe lifting techniques

Adjust the shoulder straps to secure the knapsack

TRAINER NOTES

Explain, model and have trainees practice using the knapsack (using an item such as a witches hat as a target)

Detail appropriate use of knapsacks

Discuss maintenance methods

STEPS KEY POINTS


Inspect all connection points and straps

Inspect all o-rings

Adjust straps to fit correctly


Test pump for ease of action

Open and close nozzle

3 Use the equipment Place knapsack on your shoulders with the assistance of another trainee

Operate the knapsack on a jet and spray setting

Remove the knapsack and refill

4 Clean and maintain the equipment

Loosen and check straps

Inspect for dust and dirt, clean if necessary

Lubricate pump action plunger rod

Restow on appliance

A video demonstrating best practice when using a knapsack is currently being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – KNAPSACKS V3.2 SKILL CARD 13

Knapsack


WHEN TO USE HOW TO USE MAINTENANCE

On the fireground you can use a knapsack to:

Make a direct attack on a low intensity flank fire

Support a hand tool crew who are constructing a control line close to the fire edge

Assist in mopping up operations

The hand piece has a nozzle that can be adjusted to give:

Either a straight jet for long distance work, or

A fantail spray for close work. The fantail method uses water more economically and effectively when a firefighter is working close to a fire

Knapsack need to be kept clean:

Pump plungers need to be regularly lubricated

Valves and other components need to be cleaned to work properly

Procedures for the maintenance of knapsacks can be found on MyRFS >> Info about >> Assets and equipment

SKILL CARD 14 Combination Ladder

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – COMBINATION LADDER V3.2 SKILL CARD 14

RELATED TRAINING E-Learning Module Firefighting equipment 4

BF Manual Chapter 3

OUTCOMES Locate combination ladder

Deploy combination ladder

Re-stow combination ladder


RESOURCES Vehicle with combination ladder

SAFETY NOTES


Removing ladders from operational vehicles may involve climbing – three points of contact are to be maintained whilst ascending/descending

Conduct this activity in an area that is clear of power lines, trip hazards and other obstacles

Risk of finger injury – pinch points

TRAINER NOTES Demonstrate safe and appropriate techniques first

STEPS KEY POINTS

1 Locate and deploy combination ladder

Locate combination ladder and remove from vehicle (work as a team)

Trainee 1 & 2 open and carry to location, or carry then open at the location

Open ladder (open hinge lock by pushing in both sides whilst opening to straight position, open pawls on ladder strings and extend ladder fully, replace pawls into strings to lock)

2 Raise combination ladder to use as a straight ladder

Check for over head hazards, then face the feet of the ladder (feet) towards the wall where the ladder will be raised

Trainee 1 places toe of boots on the feet; Trainee 2 raises the ladder slowly

from the top of the ladder (head) until it’s at a 90 degree angle to the ground. Both trainees steady the ladder and lower it to the wall.

Ensure that there are no less than three (and no more than 5) rungs extended beyond the landing

Trainee 1 positions their feet against the front feet of the ladder and

stretches arms out to the rung at shoulder height to check angle

To reset, both trainees lift the ladder off the wall to a 90 degree angle and carefully move the ladder towards or away from the structure and then reset to the desired position

3 Ascending the ladder

Trainee 1 foots ladder with one boot and one arm on a stringer until Trainee 2 has cleared the first few rungs. Trainee 1 then re-positions with both boots

and both arms at the front of the ladder

Trainee 2 must maintain three points of contact and place their hands on the

rungs of the ladder (not the strings) while ascending

Trainee 2 ascends to a height that allows them to view the roof/area, or be

able to clear gutters of debris within reach whilst maintaining three points of contact. Use a secure anchor point around the top third of the ladder and tie off using a clove hitch knot.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – COMBINATION LADDER V3.2 SKILL CARD 14

4 Descending a ladder

Trainee 2 calls “descending” so as to alert other trainees below and ensure

that the ladder is footed for descent

Trainee One calls out “3-2-1” to guide Trainee 2 down the final rungs and

onto the ground

5 Lower the ladder and set to an ‘A’ frame

Trainee 1 still footing the ladder, pulls the ladder to 90 degrees

Trainee 2 stands behind the ladder (closest to wall), foots the ladder and

holds a rung

Trainee 1 then slowly walks back holding the rungs of the ladder as it is

lowered to the ground

Once on the ground, pull the pawls and reduce the length of the ladder, then reinsert the pawls into the stringers to lock

Push the hinge locks to release and fold one end of the ladder towards the other to create an ‘A’

Trainees 1 & 2 then lift the ladder into position and double check that the

locks are secure

6 Make up and re-stow

Collapse ladder, and carry the ladder to the appliance

Trainees 1 & 2 climb into position to receive the ladder

Two trainees pass the ladder to the trainees on the appliance*

Fit the ladder into position and secure with the strap, check secure. *Note: This requires another two trainees/members to assist

Diagrams for reference

A video demonstrating best practice when using combination ladder is currently being developed and will be released soon.

SKILL CARD 15 Driptorches

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – DRIPTORCHES V3.2 SKILL CARD 15

RELATED TRAINING E-Learning Modules - Hazard Reduction & Bush Fire Attack 3

BF Manual Chapters 4 & 5

OUTCOMES

Prepare and inspect equipment

Simulate use of a driptorch in a back burn/hazard reduction situation

Problem solve flow issues

Store driptorch


RESOURCES Driptorch

Driptorch fuel

Fireground radios

SAFETY NOTES


Be aware of any build up pressure in driptorch – release carefully

Be aware of fuel spillage onto PPE (gloves/pants/jacket)

Be aware of surrounding vegetation/fire risk when lighting

Have suitable fire extinguishing equipment ready

TRAINER NOTES When using driptorches during burns it is a 2 person lighting party minimum. They must always be in contact with the officer in charge

STEPS KEY POINTS


Unscrew filler cap

Fill tank no more than ¾ full with pre-mixed fuel (3 part diesel 1 part petrol)

Replace filler cap, checking ‘o’ ring is in place and sealed correctly

Wipe off any spilt fuel

2 Use driptorch

Switch fuel tap on

Loosen air vent screw

Tilt driptorch so that wand is pointing towards ground

Let fuel drip from nozzle onto the wick

Use match/lighter to light driptorch

Adjust air vent screw to control flow of fuel

Demonstrate spot lighting and line lighting

Tilt torch upright to stop flow of fuel

3 Problem solve flow issues

Check sufficient fuel

Check air vent open enough

Check for blockages by removing nozzle (with spanner) and check wand is clear of debris

4 Store driptorch

Switch fuel tap off

Close air vent

Check ignition wick is extinguished

Place driptorch in upright position and allow to cool

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – DRIPTORCHES V3.2 SKILL CARD 15

Drip torch

Lighting methods

A video demonstrating best practice when using a drip torch is currently being developed and will be released soon.

LINE / LAYERING LIGHTING A fire lit in a continuous line will build up to its full intensity very quickly

SPOT/ STRIP LIGHTING A fire lit in spots or short strips will take some time to build up. Most prescribed burns will use fire lit in spots or strips to keep the fire well under control and to stay within the intensity specified

SKILL CARD 16 Overrun Drill

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – OVERRUN DRILL V3.2 SKILL CARD 16

RELATED TRAINING E-Learning Bush Fire Attack 3

BF Manual Chapter 4

OUTCOMES

Use communication methods for possible overrun situation

Explain likely signs an overrun is about to occur

Demonstrate/explain the sequence of safety events within an overrun

Demonstrate knowledge of the equipment required and how to use effectively

TIMING 20 minutes

RESOURCES Suitable vehicle with fire blankets, spray bars and heat shields (if fitted),

extinguisher and communications equipment

Trainees to wear PPE

SAFETY NOTES


The activity requires the trainees to move as quickly as possible to the vehicle – this is to be simulated in a controlled manner to ensure safety

The drill requires trainees to don all PPE and huddle under fire blankets – this is a hot and strenuous activity. Trainees will require hydration and a cooling off period prior to moving onto another drill

TRAINER NOTES

Refer to SOP 12 A Emergency procedures

Set up vehicle as if at a normal fire (i.e. at least one line, two lengths with an appropriate branch/nozzle)

Ensure communications systems are set appropriately for use in this drill (i.e. use fireground channel not local FIRECOM network)

If the vehicle has further safety equipment (heat shields, crew protection spray bars etc.) this should be incorporated into drills

Demonstrate emergency warning signal

STEPS KEY POINTS

1 Review and set up equipment

Respond to 3 blasts of the horn by returning to the truck and enter cab

2 Run overrun drill

Put on all PPE (including flashhood)

Trainees give appropriate radio message to FIRECOM (simulated)

Trainees use protective equipment on vehicle (blankets, heat shields, spraybars, etc.)

Operate emergency lights and headlights

Post overrun, the pump may not be serviceable – Trainees simulate use of fire extinguishers to put out any fire on the vehicle and keep fire blankets with them to use if needed


Return all equipment to original condition

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – OVERRUN DRILL V3.2 SKILL CARD 16

Points for reference

A video demonstrating best practice when running the overrun drill is currently being developed and will be released soon.

THINGS TO CONSIDER IN ORDER TO SURVIVE IN LIFE THREATENING CONDITIONS IN FIREFIGHTING VEHICLES

Park vehicles in an open space or burnt ground (if possible), close all vents and windows and leave engine running

Pump operator maintains water delivery along hoselines until hose operators signal for water off, or the hose line teams are accounted for

SKILL CARD 17 Extinguishers

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – EXTINGUISHERS V3.2 SKILL CARD 17

RELATED TRAINING E-Learning Module First Attack Firefighting

BF Manual Chapter 1

OUTCOMES

Identify different types of extinguisher

Select appropriate extinguisher for class of fire

Inspect fire extinguisher prior to use, identifying safety pin and seal, date stamp and charge level

Use fire extinguisher effectively and safely


RESOURCES Water, Dry Chemical, CO2 fire extinguishers

If using fire pans, live fire plans to be completed and approved prior to use

SAFETY NOTES


If using live fire, follow live fire SOPs

CO2 can cause cold burns if applied directly to skin

Extinguishers are bulky ensure manual handling practices are followed

Trainees must wear PPC when using extinguishers

TRAINER NOTES

Review different types of extinguisher, and most suitable for different classes of fires

Understand what extinguisher is to be used on what material

Confirm PASS method

STEPS KEY POINTS

1 Prepare equipment for use

Select appropriate extinguisher for class of fire

Inspect extinguisher prior to use (read test plate, check nozzle, pin and pressure gauge)

2 Use extinguisher

Use appropriate extinguisher on fire/simulated fire using the PASS method: o Pull pin and test away from fire, o Aim at base of fire, o Squeeze handle, o Sweep along base of fire

3 Reset equipment Reset equipment, and separate used and unused extinguishers

Ensure no used extinguishers go back on operational vehicles

A video demonstrating best practice when using extinguishers is currently being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – EXTINGUISHERS V3.2 SKILL CARD 17

Extinguisher chart

CLASS OF FIRE A B C (E) F

TYPE OF FIRE

Ordinary combustibles (wood, paper

plastics)

Flammable and combustible

liquids

Flammable gases

Fire involving energised electrical

equipment

Fire involving cooking oils and

fats

TYPE COLOUR SUITABILITY

WATER

Y N N N N

WET CHEMICAL

Y N N N Y

ALCOHOL RESISTANT

FOAM

Y Y N N N

AFFF TYPE FOAM Y Y N N N

AB(E) DRY CHEMICAL POWDER

Y Y Y Y N

B(E) DRY CHEMICAL POWDER

N Y Y Y Y

CARBON DIOXIDE

(CO2)

Y Y N Y Y

HALON (1211) BCF

VAPOURISING LIQUID

Y Y Y Y N

SKILL CARD 18 Ropes and knots

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – ROPES AND KNOTS V3.2 SKILL CARD 18

RELATED TRAINING E-Learning Module Firefighting Equipment 3 & 4

BF Manual Chapter3

OUTCOMES Use ropes to secure:

Suction hose lines supporting the weight of water

Items to be lifted


RESOURCES

Lengths of rope

Ancillary equipment i.e. suction hose, strainer, rope, hoses, nozzles and fittings, axe and extinguishers

Location with suitable height separation (i.e. second floor balcony/crew area of CAT1/7)

SAFETY NOTES


Working at height exposes risk of falls – ensure appropriate railings and safety mechanisms in place

Slipping ropes can cause rope burns – ensure gloves are used

Lifting o ensure appropriate lifting techniques are used o Lifting objects overhead raises the risk of head injuries – ensure helmets are

used during this exercise

TRAINER NOTES Review how ropes, lines and knots are used to secure and haul items


STEPS KEY POINTS

1 Prepare and inspect rope and equipment

Inspect equipment required for this drill

Review and ensure rope and all equipment are in working order

2 Safely and correctly use the right knots with a rope for a variety of circumstances

Use a clove hitch to secure one end of rope to fixed location

Use rope to secure suction hose (half hitches at each coupling and clove hitch in the centre of the rope line at the strainer to take weight of water off couplings, one end of rope secured using round turn and two half hitches)

Use clove hitch (at centre of ropeline) and half hitch to secure axe, extinguisher, hose to be lifted to second story. One end of rope to go to second story, one end to remain at ground level and used as a guide and to keep items away from the wall.


Shut down, make up and restow equipment ready for reuse

A video demonstrating best practice when using ropes and knots is currently being developed and will be released soon.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – ROPES AND KNOTS V3.2 SKILL CARD 18

Clove hitch

This type of knot can be used for securing a line to a suction strainer

Round turn and two half hitches

This knot can be used to lift or lower an object, particularly a round object such as a log

1 2

1 2 3

Using rope to secure suction hose

SKILL CARD 19 Working with aircraft

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – WORKING WITH AIRCRAFT V3.2 SKILL CARD 19

RELATED TRAINING E-Learning Module Bush Fire Attack 3

BF Manual Chapter 4

OUTCOMES

Work safely around helicopters

Embark and disembark a helicopter safely

Travel in a helicopter

Take action during aircraft emergency

TIMING 20 minutes

RESOURCES 1 vehicle to simulate an aircraft

SAFETY NOTES


Movement around and in and out of vehicle needs to be conducted away from other moving vehicles

Involves simulation of approaching an aircraft with moving rotors – this will require trainees to ‘bend’ or ‘crouch’ when approaching aircraft, ensure proper techniques to minimise risk of injury/strain

TRAINER NOTES

Use vehicle in cleared area to simulate aircraft. Connect seat belts to simulate aircraft standards (always left connected)

One person to sit in driver’s seat to act as pilot

Use of an aviation trained member may be helpful

STEPS KEY POINTS

1 Prepare for helicopter landing

Move in to clear area away from any tree branches that may fall

2 Approaching aircraft

Identify suitable path to approach the aircraft

Signal pilot with thumbs up (pilot acknowledges signal from trainees by retuning a thumbs up)

Move to “aircraft”, crouching down as they approach the rotor

Simulate being blinded by dust and sitting head down facing away from the aircraft

3 Enter an aircraft

Open door with care

Enter aircraft and move to a seat at the direction of the pilot

Disconnect seat belt, be seated then fasten and adjust seat belt as required

Secure any loose objects

Close and secure door with care

4 Take action during in flight emergency

Secure any loose objects Pilot calls “brace, brace, brace”

Get into brace position

At the direction of the pilot and flight crew, leave the aircraft

Move in an upwind direction in case of fire.

NSW RURAL FIRE SERVICE – WORKING WITH AIRCRAFT V3.2 SKILL CARD 19

Safety around helicopters

A video demonstrating best practice when working with aircraft is currently being developed and will be released soon.

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